Search

Squamous odontogenic tumor (SOT) is a rare benign neoplasm and may be located to multiple sites in the oral cavity mouth. As per the literature, there have been

Granular cell ameloblastoma is a rare condition, accounting for 3.5% of all ameloblastoma cases that shows marked transformation in the cytoplasm of tumor cells, which are usually stellate reticulum-like cells. The transformed cells possess very coarse, granular eosinophilic cytoplasm. Granular cell ameloblastoma is aggressive in nature with a marked propensity for recurrence and can progress to metastasis. This article discusses a case report of a 35-year-old female patient diagnosed with granular cell ameloblastoma of the right mandible.

Ameloblastoma is a neoplasm of odontogenic epithelium, especially of enamel organ-type tissue that has not undergone differentiation to the point of hard tissue formation. Granular cell ameloblastoma is a rare condition, accounting for 3.5% of all ameloblastoma. Furthermore, this histologic subtype is considered to be controversial in its potential of recurrence after surgical treatment because cases of recurrence have been described in which the secondary tumor was more aggressive. This article is aimed at portaying a case report of granular cell variant of ameloblastoma affecting a 48-year old male. Keywords: Ameloblastoma, Granular Cell Odontogenic Tumor, Lysosome like organelles.

Objective: to describe the successful treatment of a 5mm-sized granular cell ameloblastoma in the posterior region of the maxilla, discovered in a routine examination during the evaluation of an oroantral communication. Patients and methods: the case repot is presented based on a simple literature review of the last 10 years with the descriptors (Ameloblastoma; Maxilla; Surgery; Oral Diagnosis; Neoplasms) in Pubmed. Treatment consisting of fistulectomy and closure of the oroantral communication with the buccal fat pad and vestibular flap was associated with enucleation and curettage of the adjacent lesion under local anesthesia. Results: a satisfactory evolution was observed in the 1 year postoperative, with a good healing aspect and no signs of oroantral complications or recurrence of the lesion. Conclusion: for minor lesions, more conservative treatment proposals such as enucleation represent a viable alternative and, in addition, the use of adjuvant techniques such as curettage can offer benefits when the differential diagnosis includes more aggressive lesions or with a higher rate of recurrence. Objetivo: describir el tratamiento exitoso de un ameloblastoma de células granulares en la región maxilar posterior, de 5mm de tamaño, descubierto en un examen de rutina durante la evaluación de la comunicación oroantral. Pacientes y métodos: el informe del caso se presenta en base a una revisión simple de la literatura de los últimos 10 años con los descriptores (Ameloblastoma; Maxilar; Cirugía; Diagnóstico oral; Neoplasias) en Pubmed. El tratamiento consistente en la fistulectomía y el cierre de la comunicación oroantral con el cuerpo adiposo de la mejilla se asoció a la enucleación de la lesión adyacente con legrado de la cavidad bajo anestesia local. Resultados: se observó una evolución satisfactoria 1 año después de la operación, con un buen aspecto de cicatriz, sin signos de complicaciones oroantral o recurrencia de la lesión. Conclusión: para lesiones menores, las propuestas de tratamiento más conservadoras, como la enucleación, representan una alternativa viable y, además, el uso de técnicas adyuvantes como el legrado puede ofrecer beneficios cuando el diagnóstico diferencial incluye lesiones más agresivas o con una mayor tasa de recurrencia. Objetivo: descrever o tratamento de sucesso de um ameloblastoma de células granulares em região posterior de maxila, de 5mm de tamanho, descoberto em exame de rotina durante a avaliação de uma comunicação buco-sinusal. Pacientes e métodos: o relato de caso é apresentado baseado em uma revisão simples da literatura dos últimos 10 anos com os descritores (Ameloblastoma; Maxilla; Surgery; Diagnosis Oral; Neoplasms) no Pubmed. O tratamento composto pela fistulectomia e fechamento da comunicação buco-sinusal com corpo adiposo da bochecha foi associado a enucleação e curetagem da lesão adjacente sob anestesia local. Resultados: evolução satisfatória foi observada em 1 ano de pós-operatório, com bom aspecto cicatricial, sem sinais de complicações buco-sinusais ou recidiva da lesão. Conclusão: para lesões menores, propostas de tratamento mais conservadoras como a enucleação representam uma alternativa viável e, além disso, a utilização de técnicas adjuvantes como a curetagem pode oferecer benefícios quando o diagnóstico diferencial inclui lesões mais agressivas ou com maior taxa de recidiva.

Ameloblastoma is a locally invasive tumor derived from odontogenic epithelium. An uncommon variant of ameloblastoma is granular cell type, which cannot distinguish from other ameloblastoma subtypes by clinical and radiographic findings alone. Only review of it's microscopic features allows distinction from other subtypes. The purpose of this article is to present a case of granular cell ameloblastoma. This subtype should be distinguished from the other histopathologic subtypes because of it's higher recurrence rate and more aggressive biological behavior. Radiographic and histologic findings as well as treatment are also discussed.

Ameloblastoma is a benign locally aggressive type of odontogenic tumor derived exclusively from the epithelium. Histologically, ameloblastoma is classified into many variants, of which granular cell ameloblastoma (GCA) is a rare type, characterized by nest of large eosinophilic granular cells. This article describes a case of GCA in a 50-year-old female patient with clinical, radiological, and histological features along with a systematic review of the literature.

This case involves a 46-year-old female who was referred to the Bristol Dental Hospital Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery department with a non-healing socket. Investigations were carried out and biopsy confirmed diagnosis of granular cell ameloblastoma. She was subsequently treated with a segmental resection and a bone graft to reconstruct the defect of her mandible. CPD/Clinical Relevance: This report highlights the significance of taking a full history and carrying out a thorough clinical examination to ensure significant diagnoses are not missed.

Granular cell ameloblastoma (GCA) is a rare histologic variant of ameloblastoma characterized by the presence of granular cells, which have abundant cytoplasm filled with eosinophilic granules that resemble lysosomes. A 37-year-old male patient was referred to a maxillofacial surgery clinic with swelling in the mandible noticed 10 years earlier. Two previous biopsy results were suggestive of ameloblastoma. Intraorally, there was a nodular swelling in the right alveolar ridge involving the region of premolars and molars, and computed tomography showed an expansible and multilocular lytic lesion. Histologic examination revealed a lesion composed of fibrous stroma with cell sheets presenting extensive granular cell transformation, surrounded by peripheral ameloblast-like cells. Immunohistochemistry showed negativity for Ki-67. The diagnosis was GCA. A marginal resection of the mandible was performed, and the microscopic examination confirmed the diagnosis. The patient remains in monitoring, and the reconstruction surgery of the mandible will be held soon.

Ameloblastoma with granular cell pattern (AGC) is classified as an unusual histological subtype of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma, characterized by granular changes in stellate-like cells located within the inner portion of the epithelial follicles. Studies have revealed that lysosomal overload causes cytoplasmic granularity; however, the mechanism involved remains poorly understood. Here we report on eight cases of granular cell ameloblastoma, in the posterior region of the mandible. The age of the patients included in this case series ranged from 35 -64 years old and 87.5% of cases occurred in non-Caucasians, with a slight gender predilection for men (62.5%). There was no evidence of recurrence, and the majority of the cases were treated with surgical resection (87.5%). All tumors displayed histopathological features consistent with the diagnosis of ameloblastoma with granular cell pattern.

Ameloblastomas can present in various clinical and histomorphologic patterns. The granular cell variant accounts for only 3.5% to 5% of ameloblastomas. The aim of this case report is to present an example of ameloblastoma with unusual granular cell component, affecting a 63-year-old woman, in which both the inner and peripheral layers of follicles composed exclusively by eosinophilic granular cells. Assessment of the immunohistochemical and histochemical profile of the lesion was performed and the challenges of such a diagnosis were also addressed.

Background: Cathepsin-D, a protease, which is an invasion promoter and plays a central role in solid tumors including oral cancer. Our aim of the study was to look for their expression pattern in epithelium and stroma of odontogenic cysts and tumors and correlate their aggressiveness to the staining intensity. Materials and Methods: To elucidate the expression patterns of this marker, we examined immunohistochemically on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of 24 odontogenic cysts and 10 odonogenic tumors, which are received for histopathologic examination in the Department of Oral Pathology, The Oxford Dental College and Hospital, Bengaluru. Results: The epithelium of granular cell ameloblastoma (GCA) and odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) showed maximum staining with spillage of stained material in the connective tissue wall and at the separation of epithelium to capsule in OKC compared to other cysts and tumors. Conclusions: Cathepsin-D could be one of the enzymes important in separation of epithelium and connective tissue in OKC which helps in recurrence and intense expression in GCA with spillage into stroma, compared to other odontogenic tumors may explain its aggressive behavior, recurrence, and metastatic potential. To further validate our findings, it is suggested to use more sample size and monoclonal antibody for cathepsin-D.

Granular cell ameloblastoma is classified as a histological subtype of solid/multicystic ameloblastoma. Usual granular cell ameloblastoma is histologically characterized by granular changes of stellate-like cells located in the inner portion of the epithelial follicles. Here we report a case of another type of granular cell ameloblastoma, showing predominant anastomosing double-stranded trabeculae of granular cells. This type of granular cell ameloblastoma is extremely rare, and the World Health Organization classification does not contain the entity. We tentatively termed it 'anastomosing granular cell ameloblastoma' in this report. The present case suggests the importance of differential diagnosis because the histology of 'anastomosing granular cell ameloblastoma' resembles that of salivary gland oncocytoma rather than that of usual granular cell ameloblastoma. The trabeculae observed in our case continued to the peripheral cells of a small amount of epithelial sheets of plexiform ameloblastoma, and the tumor cells were positive for CK19, which is regarded as an immunohistochemical marker of odontogenic epithelium. Similar to usual granular cell ameloblastoma, the tumor cells had CD68-positive granules. For precise diagnosis of this condition, immunohistochemistry using CK19 and CD68, as well as detailed histological observation, are recommended.

Adenoid ameloblastoma with dentinoid is a rare odontogenic tumor. Granular cell ameloblastoma also is a less common histological subtype of ameloblastoma. In this report, the patient was a 31-year-old male. The lesion was located in the right mandible and was unicystic with well-defined borders. The tumor tissue was showing a combination of follicular, plexiform, and desmoplastic patterns of ameloblastoma with wide areas of granular cells, fibrous stroma, glandular pattern, and dentinoid calcified. Very few cases of distinct forms of ameloblastoma that show the formation of dentinoid has been reported. However, there are no cases of adenoid granular cell ameloblastoma with dentinoid reported.

Ameloblastomas are rare histologically benign, locally aggressive tumors arising from the oral ectoderm that occasionally reach a gigantic size. Giant ameloblastomas are a rarity these days with the advent of panoramic radiography in routine dental practice. Furthermore, the granular cell variant is an uncommon histological subtype of ameloblastoma where the central stellate reticulum like cells in tumor follicles is replaced by granular cells. Although granular cell ameloblastoma (GCA) is considered to be a destructive tumor with a high recurrence rate, the significance of granular cells in predicting its biologic behavior is debatable. However, we present a rare case of giant GCA of remarkable histomorphology showing extensive craniofacial involvement and dural extension that rendered a good prognosis following treatment.

Granular cell ameloblastoma is a rare variant of ameloblastoma, which is histopathologically characterized by the presence of large eosinophilic granular cells within the ameloblastic follicle. Its accurate preoperative diagnosis is based upon clinical, radiological, and incisional biopsy findings. This article reports a case of granular cell ameloblastoma in a 65-year-old female, which on incisional biopsy showed the features suggestive of aneurysmal bone cyst. Furthermore, the influence of macroscopic presentation of the current lesion on its accurate preoperative incisional biopsy diagnosis is discussed in detail.

Granular cell ameloblastoma is a slow growing odontogenic ectodermal tumor. The tumor shows typical ameloblastoma with the cells showing eosinophilic granularity. This variant of ameloblastoma is aggressive with high recurrence rates. We report a case of aggressive ameloblastoma of granular cell variant

Ameloblastomas are tumours of odontogenic epithelial origin with varied microscopic patterns that occur either singly or in combination. Granular cell pattern is rarely seen in ameloblastoma, and is characterised by nests of large eosinophilic granular cells. This article describes a case of granular cell ameloblastoma in a 29 year old male patient with clinical, radiology and histological findings along with a short on review of literature.

Granular cell ameloblastoma is a rare variant, accounting for 1-5% (3.5%) of ameloblastomas. It has clinical behavior similar to other subtypes, and show high tendency to recur on conservative surgical approaches. It can also show metastasis, hence the treatment plan should include regular follow up of the patients, after radical surgery. Here we are presenting a case report of granular cell ameloblastoma occurring in a 45 years old male patient clinically, the lesion was occurring in the left posterior mandible creating soap bubble appearance on radiography. Histopathologically, granular cell changes were prominent. The granular appearance is due to lysosomal aggregation and their presence indicates degenerative change or related to aging phenomenon rather than aggressiveness. The lesion was treated by surgical resection and a period of 3 years follow up showed no recurrence.

Our case of ameloblastoma had a surprisingly long 25 year history, with abnormally large dimensions, a multilocular diffuse-mixed radiographic picture, and was histopathologically diagnosed as granular cell ameloblastoma with desmoplasia. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first ameloblastoma ever reported, that has shown combined features of granular cells, desmoplasia, ameloblastic follicles, plexiform, and acanthomatous patterns. The nature of granular cells in this type of tumor and the significance of their presence have also been reviewed. From the studies on ameloblastomas to date, it seems that the old belief that granular cell ameloblastoma is the most aggressive variant of ameloblastoma is a myth, and in all probability, granular cells are just a transitional or matured phase in the life cycle of ameloblastomas, starting with normal stellate reticulum-like cells, leading to a production of granules and finally leading to degeneration and formation of cystic areas.

A rare case of granular cell ameloblastoma in the posterior mandible of a 45-year-old female has been studied both histologically and immunohistochemically. Histopathologically, hematoxylin and eosin and Periodic acid Schiff (PAS) prepared sections of granular cell ameloblastoma showed granular neoplastic cells residing within the tumor follicles. To characterize the granular cells in ameloblastoma, we examined the expression of low molecular weight cytokeratin and S-100 protein using immunohistochemistry. Granular cells exhibited positivity only with cytokeratin while S-100 protein was negative. This result allowed easy distinction of granular cell ameloblastomas from similar tumors exhibiting granular cell changes, and indicated that the granularity in ameloblastoma cells is consequent to lysosomal overload.

Ameloblastoma is a tumour of odontogenic epithelium. It is benign and of ectodermal origin. Although considered a benign tumour, its clinical behaviour can be considered of middle ground, between benign and malignant. In the present study, a case of large, neglected, granular cell ameloblastoma with a history of twelve years was presented with its clinical, radiological, histological features and treatment modalities. The growth pattern of the tumour is also been discussed with radiological evidence with two year interval period.

Granular cell ameloblastoma is a rare, benign neoplasm of the odontogenic epithelium. A case of massive granular cell ameloblastoma in a 44-year-old Thai female is reported. Histopathological features displayed a follicular type of ameloblastoma with an accumulation of granular cells residing within the tumor follicles. After treatment by partial mandibulectomy, the patient showed a good prognosis without recurrence in a 2-year follow-up. To characterize the granular cells in ameloblastoma, we examined the expression of basement membrane (BM) proteins, including collagen type IV, laminins 1 and 5 and fibronectin using immunohistochemistry. Except for the granular cells, the tumor cells demonstrated a similar expression of BM proteins compared to follicular and plexiform ameloblastomas in our previous study, whereas the granular cells showed strong positivity to laminins 1 and 5 and fibronectin. The increased fibronectin expression in granular cells suggests a possibility of age-related transformation of granular cells in ameloblastoma.

Granular cell lesions of the oral mucosa, jaws, and salivary glands constitute a heterogeneous group of lesions which may be either odontogenic, salivary gland, or metastatic in origin. Granular cells in these proliferations most commonly are the result of lysosomal accumulation, aging, degenerative, metabolic alteration, increased apoptosis, cytoplasmic autophagocytosis, and many more. Many benign and malignant tumors that occur in the oral cavity contain granular cells as a characteristic component of their pathology. Sometimes dilemma exists in the proper diagnosis of these granular cell lesions and the cell of origin because they share similar light and electron microscopic features. Therefore, immunohistochemistry helps to confirm histologic impressions and differentiate other neoplastic entities with granular cytoplasmic features. Granularity in a normal histopathology is a rare but innocuous change and does not influence the biologic behaviour of smooth muscle tumors except few lesions such as cutaneous granular cell angiosarcoma and granular cell ameloblastoma which have shown poor prognosis. This paper aims to review the clinical and pathologic features, different immunohistochemical profiles of granules in granular cell lesions of head and neck with an attempted working classification.