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The aim of this study was to determine the propagation potential of some local varieties using the in vitro shoot-tip culture method. Bilecik İrikarası, Sarı Üzüm, Kartal Çavuş and Razakı were used as materials. As a result of the study, the values of rooting rate, number of roots, length of roots, number of shoots, length of shoots, number of leaves and number of nodes of the grape varieties were determined. When the cultivars were compared in terms of rooting characteristics, the highest rooting rate was 54.7%, the highest root number was 3.71 per plant, and the highest average root length value was 17.93 cm from Bilecik İrikarası. When the cultivars were evaluated in terms of shoot length, the highest shoot length value was determined in Razaki variety with 5.72 cm. Similarly, considering the number of leaves and nodes in the shoots were determined, with the highest leaf number value was of 8.71, the highest node number value was of 6.71 in Razakı variety. As a result of the study, local varieties that used as material in this study showed positive results in in vitro propagation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract [Objective] The diurnal variation characteristics of photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence of greenhouse grape varieties in Hotan area were investigated, and their photosynthetic capacity was comprehensively evaluated, in order to provide reference for the introduction and cultivation management of greenhouse grapes in this area. [Methods] Six grape varieties were introduced into Hotan greenhouse as materials. The photosynthetic active radiation (PAR), relative chlorophyll content (SPAD), photosynthesis, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of each variety were analyzed, and the principal component analysis was used to comprehensively evaluate the ability of each grape variety. [Results] (1) The PAR levels of greenhouse in different positions were in the order: Before the shed>behind the shed>middle of the shed, while the overall performance in different trellis was in the order: On the trellis>middle of the trellis>under the trellis. (2) The SPAD values of grape leaves on different trellis were in the order: on the trellis>middle of the trellis>under the trellis, while the order from high to low among varieties: ‘Crimson Seedless’, ‘Summer Black’, ‘Xinyu’, ‘Hutai 8’, ‘Sunshine Muscat’, and ‘Queen Nina’. (3) The diurnal variation of Pn, Gs, and Tr of each variety showed a bimodal curve, and the diurnal variation of Ci showed a U-shaped and W-shaped variation. Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm generally showed a downward trend and then an upward trend. (4) The photosynthetic capacity of the six grape varieties was in the order: ‘Crimson Seedless’ >‘Summer Black’ >‘Sunshine Muscat’ >‘Xinyu’ > ‘Hutai 8’ >‘Queen Nina’. [Conclusion] ‘Crimson Seedless’ and ‘Summer Black’ have higher Pn, Gs, Tr, Fo, Fm and lower Fv/Fo and Fv/Fm, which are able to adapt to the Hotan environment of high temperature and high light intensity.

In Mexico, viticulture represents the second source of employment in the agricultural area after the fruit and vegetable sector. In developed countries, remote sensing is widely used for vineyard monitoring; however, this tool is barely used in the developing countries of Iberoamerica. In this research, our overall objective is to characterise two vineyards in the state of Queretaro (Mexico) using Sentinel-2 and meteorological data, specifically spectral and thermal indices. Results show that spectral indices obtained from Sentinel-2 bands have adequately characterised the phenological dynamics of the different varieties of the vineyards. The Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI) was adequately used to discriminate between the first stages of vineyards, while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was useful for monitoring vineyards during the rest stages of vineyards. Thermal indices have shown that the best grape varieties are those that can adapt to both cooler and warmer temperatures, have a reasonable ripening period, and can produce wines with balanced acidity and flavours. In conclusion, the combination of meteorological (including thermal indices) and remote sensing data (NDVI and MSAVI) provide information for choosing a suitable grape variety for this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the findings from a study evaluating the morphological, biological and technological characteristics of various table and technical grape varieties cultivated in the Republic of Azerbaijan. The research adhered to the descriptors of the International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV). The study reveals a wide range in the size of grape bunches, with medium, large and small bunches being predominant. Notably, the local and introduced varieties Arna-grna, Khindogny, Hamashara, Shirvanshahy and Moldova exhibited superior morphological traits such as mass, volume and size of bunches. Juice yield, a key indicator of technological suitability, ranged from 45.5% to 80.0%. The Shiraz variety had the lowest juice yield (45.8%), whereas the Moldova (76.8%) and Uni Blanc (80.0%) varieties had the highest. Most varieties had small berries, but Arna-grna (481 g), Gyanjavi (341 g) and Moldova (317 g) were considered medium. The sugar content in the berries was categorized as average, high or very high, with Shirvanshahy having the highest sugar content (25.0 g/100 cm³). The titratable acidity of the varieties was low to average, while the active acidity was mainly low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The monitoring of new grapevine varieties with superior agrobiological and technological characteristics, in relation to the evolution of the climatic factors, represents an important and continuous objective of the worldwide viticultural research and breeding programs. Observations and determinations of the current study were performed on 11 new table grapes varieties created in Romania, growing in the Ampelographic collection of the University of Life Sciences Iasi, north-eastern area of Romania. The grapevine varieties were evaluated under the morpho-structural aspect, regarding the leaf area, the average weight of the grapes, the number and weight of the berries, rachis weight, the number and weight of the seeds, the weight of the skin and pulp, calculating the main technological indices. From a biochemical point of view, the content of photosynthetic pigments in leaves, the concentration of soluble dry solids and titratable acidity of the grapes were determined in the climatic condition of the Copou - Iasi vineyard. Therefore, the monitoring of genetic resources provides useful data for grape producers and researchers regarding the integration of new table grape varieties into the viticultural ecosystems, evaluating their yield and quality in correlation with the evolution and influence of the climatic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green pruning practices are frequently used in viticulture. These practices provide better light penetration, successful air circulation, prevents air humidity and aids disease control in the grapevine canopy. However, excessive leaf removal inhibits vine growth and good fruit ripening. In this study, the effects of some foliar and canopy management practices on cluster, vegetative growth traits and bud fruitfulness of the following year were investigated. Some green pruning (unproductive shoot removal, leaf removal, shoot tip removal, shoot topping), foliar microelements and green pruning + microlements treatments were applied in 'Trakya İlkeren' grape cultivar. Microelement application increased cluster (382.1 g) and berry weight (4.4 g), berry length (19.7 mm) and width (18.2 mm), cluster length (19.5 cm) and width (13.9 cm), berry volume (3.30 cm3) and berry firmness (7.46 N). The highest maturity index was detected in the control group (23.4). While the most intense L* color value was determined in the green pruning + micro element application, the b* color value was determined in the green pruning application. It was determined that leaf area (211.2 cm2), leaf chlorophyll index (32.75 SPAD), shoot diameter (11.13 mm), shoot length (194.71 cm) and internode length (76.81 mm) increased with microelement application. Among the treatments, the most effective application on bud fruitfulness in the following year was at microelement application (1.34 clusters). The effects of the treatments on the amount of Total soluble solids pH, titratable acid and a* color value were not significant. In this study; green pruning + microelement application was recommended for yield and quality sustainability. According to bud fruitfulness results, the highest cluster numbers per node were obtained from pruning with 4 to 10 buds. It is recommended to prune medium or long to obtain higher yields from this cultivar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grapes are a globally important fruit with significant economic value, influenced by factors such as sugar content, organic acids, hormones, and antioxidants. Understanding the dynamics of these compounds during grape development and ripening is critical for optimizing berry quality and production. This study investigates the changes in sugar, organic acids, hormones, and antioxidants in two grape varieties, 'Italia' and 'Bronx Seedless', at various growth stages (BBCH-77, BBCH-79, BBCH-81, BBCH-83, BBCH-85, and BBCH-89). Regarding sugars, significant variations were observed due to grapevine cultivar and phenological stage. 'Bronx Seedless' grapes consistently displayed lower sugar content than 'Italia' grapes, regardless of the type of sugar being examined. The BBCH-77 stage consistently exhibited lower sugar levels compared to BBCH-89. The varieties 'Bronx Seedless' and 'Italia' exhibited distinct nutritional profiles, each with their unique advantages in terms of sugar content and organic acid composition. Both varieties were rich in the primary sugar glucose and fructose, with 'Bronx Seedless' displaying notably high levels of the beneficial tartaric acid, enhancing its nutritional value. On the other hand, 'Italia' stood out for its higher concentrations of fumaric, butyric, and oxalic acids, contributing to its unique taste and health benefits. Throughout their growth stages from BBCH-77 to BBCH-89, an increase in organic acid levels was observed, peaking at the BBCH-85 stage, except for maleic acid. In terms of hormonal content, 'Italia' exhibited higher levels compared to 'Bronx Seedless'. The predominant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA), alongside lower quantities of zeatin, indicated a strong physiological response to environmental and developmental cues in both varieties, with hormone levels increasing as the grapes approached maturity. Antioxidant profiles also varied between the two varieties, with 'Italia' consistently showing higher antioxidant levels than 'Bronx Seedless'. Antioxidant levels consistently increased from BBCH-77 to BBCH-89. This comprehensive analysis contributes to our understanding of the complex processes underlying grape berry development and ripening, with potential implications for enhancing grape quality and refining production strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grapes are globally popular with wine production being one of the most well-known uses of grapes worldwide. Brazil has a growing wine industry, and the Serra Gaúcha region is a significant contributor to the country's wine production. Nonetheless, other states are increasing their relevance in this segment. Environmental factors and the soil microbiome (bacteria and fungi) heavily influence grape quality, shaping the crucial ''terroir'' for wines. Here, soil quality was assessed through nutrient analysis and bacteria microbial diversity, which could significantly impact grape health and final wine attributes. Soil samples from São Paulo's vineyards, focusing on Syrah, Malbec, and Cabernet Sauvignon, underwent chemical and microbial analysis via 16S rRNA metabarcoding and highlighted significant differences in soil composition between vineyards. Statistical analyses including PCA and CAP showcased region-based separation and intricate associations between microbiota, region, and grape variety. Correlation analysis pinpointed microbial genera linked to specific soil nutrients. Random Forest analysis identified abundant bacterial genera per grape variety and the Network analysis revealed varied co-occurrence patterns, with Cabernet Sauvignon exhibiting complex microbial interactions. This study unveils complex relationships between soil microbiota, nutrients, and diverse grape varieties in distinct vineyard regions. Understanding how these specific microorganisms are associated with grapes can improve vineyard management, grape quality, and wine production. It can also potentially optimize soil health, bolster grapevine resilience against pests and diseases, and contribute to the unique character of wines known as terroir.

Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Grape molasses is one of the most popular and traditional food in North Macedonia, mostly used in the past decades. Mainly it is produced by using a traditional protocol (technique) of preparing the molasses, commonly known as "Madzun". The present study summarizes data for characterization of some physical and chemical properties of grape molasses (Madzun) from Vranec grape variety. Comparative analyses have been conducted for samples produced using traditional (four samples) and industrial (one sample) techniques. The water-soluble dry mater contents of the samples were determined in the range from 61.67% to 75.17%. Total sugar contents of the grape molasses (Madzun) samples were determined in the range from: 47.27% to 72.42%. Furthermore, the content of sucrose in all samples was at low levels (<0.1%), which indicates that no sugar, additionally had been added in the production of grape molasses (Madzun). The total phenols expressed as gallic acid were identified in five samples and significant differences were observed between samples. Sensory analysis of the samples was carried out by a committee consisting of 7 members. All committee members were females with long-term experience in sensory evaluation of plant-based foods. The following parameters were evaluated: colour, smell, taste, sweetness, acidity, texture and aftertaste. Based on the sensory evaluation data, the highest score of 17.92 points (maximum referent declared value is 20 points) was obtained for V3 sample - the best grape molasses (Madzun) produced using traditional technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HIKMA: Revista de Traducción is the property of UCOPRESS Editorial Universidad de Cordoba and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ekşi Kara (functional female flowers) and Gök Üzüm (hermaphroditic flowers) are the two most important autochthonous varieties of middle Anatolia. This clone selection study started with mass-selection in producer vineyards consisting of approximately 5000 vines by The International Organization of Vine and Wine (OIV) clonal selection procedure. Two-years genetic and sanitation were examined visually in population and 220 clone candidates were ampelography and fertilization biology and bud fertility determined for Ekşi Kara variety. The clone candidates were ranked at the level of sums, with weighted grading of three-year yield, growth, and quality records. Sanitation analyses of the superior clones were made. 17 clones in the Ekşi Kara grape variety were selected according to their superior scores in genetic selection and sanitation analyses. Eleven clones were selected by mass selection from Gök Üzüm carried out in a single location, and 2 clones were selected with genetic selection scores and health tests. Grapevine fleck virus (GfKV) was the most common (≅ 29%) in the samples tested, Grapevine leafroll associated virus 1+3 (GLRaV-1 + 3, ≅ 26%), Grapevine virus A (GVA, 12%), Grapevine leafroll associated virus-2 (GLRaV-2, ≅ 3%), Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV) / Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) (≅ 1%) are fallowed with indicated percentage. Although virus and bacterial infections are common in the vineyards, enough healthy clones were selected. 17 Ekşi Kara and 2 Gök Üzüm clones selected as pollinators were grafted onto the 110R rootstock for clone comparison in homogeneous conditions, and a "Clone Comparison Vineyard" was established in Selçuk University. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are beneficial bacteria that promote plant growth by adhering to the root surfaces in the rhizosphere region of plants. In addition to improving the physical properties of soils, these bacteria increase plant growth and yield by positively affecting nitrogen fixation, phosphorus solubility, water and nutrient uptake of plants. In this study, the effects of bacteria applications on the vegetative development and yield levels of Karaerik and Narince grape varieties, which are important table varieties of Erzincan and Tokat regions, grown in greenhouses in Erzurum central conditions were investigated. In the study, 4 different bacterial combinations (Pseudomonas chlororaphis + Paenibacillus pabuli + Bacillus simplex + Pseudomonas fluorescens) that promote plant growth were applied to the plant root zone as a solution. In the study, the effects of PGPR applications on the vegetative growth of vines, some pomological characteristics, yield levels, macronutrient contents of leaves and physical and chemical properties of greenhouse soils were determined. While aggregate stability and porosity values of PGPR treated soils increased, water permeability and bulk density values decreased. Bacterial applications in both grape varieties showed a positive effect on shoot length, shoot diameter, number of nodes, berry width, berry length, cluster width, cluster length, number of seeds, number of clusters, cluster weight, number of berries, berry weight, total yield and macronutrient content of leaves. According to the control group, PGPR applied soils; organic matter content increased by 76.2%, aggregate stability values increased by 49.5% and porosity by 5.5%, while water permeability decreased by 18.3% and bulk density by 3.9%. Depending on the application, it was determined that the yield increased by 42.8% in Karaerik grape variety and 35.7% in Narince grape variety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this work is to assess the impact of grape varieties on the prices of Italian wines. As an important share of this wine is exported worldwide, we look at international markets. We gauge this influence by estimating a hedonic price model based on a sample of 2315 Italian still wines reviewed in Robert Parker’s Wine Advocate. The work expands results offered in literature so far as it considers quite a large number of international national and autochthonous varieties used for producing both red and white wines. Moreover, we propose an original perspective by exploring the different impacts of ageing on wine prices according to the different grape varieties utilized. Results show that, besides the well-known Italian geographical divide, many grape varieties significantly associate with different price levels. Overall, this impact is larger in the case of red wines than for the white ones. Furthermore, for the formers there are few well known varieties associated with positive price premiums, while for white wines, less widespread autochthonous varieties gain higher prices. Last, we found that successful ageing process involve both native varieties of northern and southern Italy as well as international ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about the relationship between distribution and market share in the wine category. Understanding the influences of product and distribution characteristics at the SKU-level and incorporating them into marketing strategy and planning has important managerial and academic implications. Sales of 3,524 wine SKUs across 4,218 stores in 4 states in the US over one year of observation are analyzed. We use an established distribution velocity model (Reibstein & Farris 1995) to estimate the relationship between distribution and market share. We then use the market share deviations from the expected values and apply a secondary robust regression to investigate possible relationships between various product- and distribution characteristics and those market share deviations. The results show that the distribution velocity in wine retailing is convex and increasing, in line with previous findings for other consumerpackaged goods in the marketing literature. Beyond distribution breadth, we find that overall parent brand performance (above), unit price (above), packaging type (above), country-of-origin, grape variety, sales consistency (above) and store specialization (below) are associated with above or below expected market share of wine SKUs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the biology of grape mealybug, Planococcus ficus (Signoret, 1875) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was investigated in different grape varieties under laboratory conditions at 25 ± 1°C temperature, 65 ± 5% relative humidity, and 16:8 hours light:darkness photoperiod. Life tables of four different grapevine cultivars of Planococcus ficus were created, two of which are for wine (Emir, Kalecik karası) and two for table grapes (Yalova incisi, Trakya ilkeren). The results determined that the most suitable vine varieties for pest development were Emir and Yalova incisi, which are white grape varieties. The Yalova incisi and Emir cultivars were determined to be the most suitable host plants, with the highest values of life table parameters [generation time=31.6.4 ± 0.96 days, net reproductive rate = 32.3 ± 10.0 females/female/offspring, r=0.1 ± 0.01 females/female/day, gross reproductive rate=99.1 ± 16.99 nymphs/female] and (T0=38.4 ± 1.22 days, R0 = 40.8 ± 11.53 females/female/offspring, r = 9.7 ± 0.01 females/female/day, gross reproductive rate=155.1 ± 12.14 nymphs/female).

In Mexico, viticulture represents the second source of employment in the agricultural area after the fruit and vegetable sector. In developed countries, remote sensing is widely used for vineyard monitoring; however, this tool is barely used in the developing countries of Iberoamerica. In this research, our overall objective is to characterise two vineyards in the state of Queretaro (Mexico) using Sentinel-2 and meteorological data, specifically spectral and thermal indices. Results show that spectral indices obtained from Sentinel-2 bands have adequately characterised the phenological dynamics of the different varieties of the vineyards. The Modified Soil-Adjusted Vegetation Index (MSAVI) was adequately used to discriminate between the first stages of vineyards, while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was useful for monitoring vineyards during the rest stages of vineyards. Thermal indices have shown that the best grape varieties are those that can adapt to both cooler and warmer temperatures, have a reasonable ripening period, and can produce wines with balanced acidity and flavours. In conclusion, the combination of meteorological (including thermal indices) and remote sensing data (NDVI and MSAVI) provide information for choosing a suitable grape variety for this region.

The FTIR-ATR method coupled with the multivariate analysis of specific spectral areas of samples was developed to characterize two white grape varieties (Sauvignon Blanc and Hibernal) and two blue grape varieties (André and Cabernet Moravia) of wine planted and harvested in the Moravia region, Czech Republic. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed using fingerprint regions of FTIR spectra for all wines. The results obtained by principal component analysis in combination with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) scores yielded clear separation between the four classes of samples and showed very good discrimination between the wine samples, with a 91.7% overall classification rate for the samples. The conducted FTIR spectroscopy studies coupled with chemometrics allowed for the swift analysis of multiple wine components with minimal sample preparation. These methods can be used in research to improve specific properties of these wines, which will undoubtedly enhance the quality of the final wine samples obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: Climate change has been driving warming trends and changes in precipitation patterns and regimes throughout Europe. Future projections indicate a continuation of these trends in the next decades. This situation is challenging the sustainability of viniculture and, thus, significant efforts towards adaptation should be then carried out by local winegrowers. Method: Ecological Niche Models were built, using the ensemble modelling approach, to estimate the bioclimatic suitability of four main wine-producing European countries, namely France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, in the recent past (1989–2005), for the cultivation of twelve Portuguese grape varieties. The models were then used to project the bioclimatic suitability to two future periods (2021– 2050 and 2051–2080) to better understand the potential shifts related to climate change (modeled after Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios). The models were obtained with the modeling platform BIOMOD2, using four bioclimatic indices, namely the “Huglin Index”, the “Cool Night index”, the “Growing Season Precipitation index”, and the “Temperature Range during Ripening index” as predictor variables, as well as the current locations of the chosen grape varieties in Portugal. Results: All models performed with high statistical accuracy (AUC > 0.9) and were able to discriminate several suitable bioclimatic areas for the different grape varieties, in and around where they are currently located but also in other parts of the study area. The distribution of the bioclimatic suitability changed, however, when looking at future projections. For both climatic scenarios, projected bioclimatic suitability suffered a considerable shift to the north of Spain and France. In some cases, bioclimatic suitability also moved towards areas of higher elevation. Portugal and Italy barely retained any of the initially projected varietal areas. These shifts were mainly due to the overall rise in thermal accumulation and lower accumulated precipitation in the southern regions projected for the future. Conclusion: Ensemble models of Ecological Niche Models were shown to be valid tools for winegrowers who want to adapt to a changing climate. The long-term sustainability of viniculture in southern Europe will most likely have to go through a process of mitigation of the effects of increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fruit cracking is a phenomenon in which the peel cracks during grape berry development, which seriously affects the yield and quality of the fruit. However, there are few studies on the mining of candidate genes related to berry cracking. In order to better understand the genetic basis of berry cracking, we used the results of previous quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping, combined with field surveys of berry-cracking types and the berry-cracking rate, to mine candidate berry-cracking genes. The results showed that three identical QTL loci were detected in two years (2019 and 2020); and three candidate genes were annotated in the QTL interval. In mature berries, the expressions of the candidate genes were more abundant in the cracking-susceptible parent ('Crimson Seedless') than in the cracking-resistant parent ('Muscat Hamburg'). Grape berry cracking is a complex trait controlled by multiple genes, mainly including genes encoding cellulose synthaseelike protein H1, glucan endo-1,3-beta-glucosidase 12, and brassinosteroid insensitive 1-associated receptor kinase 1. The high expression of the candidate berry-cracking genes may promote the occurrence of berry cracking. This study helps elucidate the genetic mechanism of grape berry cracking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, eight cultivars, all of which are Vitis vinifera L., are grown in Aksaray province were determined. Identification material was selected approximately 20 years old, own roots vines in the producer vineyards. Ampelographic characteristics are defined by 123 descriptive characters in the OIV (The International Organization of Vine and Wine) list of grape and grapevine rootstock varieties identification criteria. With the numerical codes of the OIV identification criteria, similarity analysis was made in the IBM SPSS Statistics software (SPSS) package program, and the similarity relationships of the cultivars were visualized with a dendrogram. Aşeri and Mor Üzüm varieties defined in Aksaray province are not registered in the European Catalogue, but all varieties are Vitis vinifera L. Subsp. vinifera is registered as Turkey varieties. All the cultivar excluding Aşeri, and Emir names defined here are included in the Turkey grapevine genetic resources list, and several cultivars containing the same name or synonyms have been defined in different studies. The ampelographic descriptions of Aşeri and Emir grape varieties were made for the first time. The ampelographic definitions of Ak Dimrit, Çavuş, Kalecik Karası, Mor Üzüm, Parmak Üzümü and Sergi Karası cvs were confirmed with previous descriptions made in different provinces. The similarities and differences of the varieties we identified were reflected in the similarity dendrogram. Six of the eight grape varieties are hermaphrodite, and two of them (Çavuş and Sergi Karası) are functional female flowers. In the international variety catalogue records, the most common Aksaray variety on a global scale is Çavuş variety originating from Turkey. The cv. Parmak Üzümü was a separate ecotype due to its differences from previous identification records. It would be appropriate to protect the Aşeri, Emir, and Parmak Üzümü varieties, which we described for the first time, in the grapevine genetic resources of Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of phytosanitary treatments on the soil yeast load in Vineyard Iași. The experiment study included 4 local grape varieties: Busuioacă de Bohotin, Fetească Albă, Fetească Neagră and Fetească Neagră (from Collection of grape varieties) from viticultural center Copou. The samples were taken at 3 depths: 5-7 cm, 10-15 cm, 15-20 cm. To determine the influence of phytosanitary treatments on the diversity and distribution of yeasts, 2 soil samples were taken in the 5-7 cm shoot phenophase at 10-day intervals. The yeast strains isolation and obtaining of the pure cultures was completed by successive replications using sowing on solid nutrient media technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty / ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of COMU Journal of Agriculture Faculty / ÇOMÜ Ziraat Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The origin of the names of indigenous Albanian grape varieties is the aim of this work. In total, about 40 ampelonyms were collected and studied. Most of them are original – a. clearly motivated: Korrithi (July), Dimerak (winter), Manakuq (red mulberry) and many others; b. based on Albanian toponyms: Durrsaku, Kallmet, Muzhaku, Sinabel and others. About a third of the Albanian ampelonyms are borrowings and are due to the contacts with the neighbouring ethnic groups: Debina (Greek), Mavrud (Greek/Slavic), Dimjat, Mereshnik, Tajka, Vranak (Slavic), Qelibar, Jediveren (Turkish), Serinё (Turkish/ Greek), Rozё (Italian). To emphasize the relatively late penetration of the grape variety, xenonomination (Stambolleshë) can be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Xinjiang is the largest grape-producing region in China and the main grape cultivation area in the world. The Eurasian grape resources grown in Xinjiang are very rich in diversity. The sugar composition and content are the main factors that determine the quality of berries. However, there are currently no systematic reports on the types and contents of sugars in grapes grown in Xinjiang region. In this research, we evaluated the appearance and fruit maturity indicators of 18 grape varieties during fruit ripening and determined their sugar content using GC-MS. All cultivars primarily contained glucose, D-fructose, and sucrose. The glucose content in varieties varied from 42.13% to 46.80% of the total sugar, whereas the fructose and sucrose contents varied from 42.68% to 50.95% and 6.17% to 12.69%, respectively. The content of trace sugar identified in grape varieties varied from 0.6 to 2.3 mg/g. The comprehensive assessment by principal component analysis revealed strong positive correlations between some sugar components. A comprehensive study on the content and types of sugar will provide the foundation to determine the quality of grape cultivars and effective ways to utilize resources to improve sugar content through breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grapes are a globally important fruit with significant economic value, influenced by factors such as sugar content, organic acids, hormones, and antioxidants. Understanding the dynamics of these compounds during grape development and ripening is critical for optimizing berry quality and production. This study investigates the changes in sugar, organic acids, hormones, and antioxidants in two grape varieties, ‘Italia’ and ‘Bronx Seedless’, at various growth stages (BBCH-77, BBCH-79, BBCH-81, BBCH-83, BBCH-85, and BBCH-89). Regarding sugars, significant variations were observed due to grapevine cultivar and phenological stage. ‘Bronx Seedless’ grapes consistently displayed lower sugar content than ‘Italia’ grapes, regardless of the type of sugar being examined. The BBCH-77 stage consistently exhibited lower sugar levels compared to BBCH-89. The varieties ‘Bronx Seedless’ and ‘Italia’ exhibited distinct nutritional profiles, each with their unique advantages in terms of sugar content and organic acid composition. Both varieties were rich in the primary sugar glucose and fructose, with ‘Bronx Seedless’ displaying notably high levels of the beneficial tartaric acid, enhancing its nutritional value. On the other hand, ‘Italia’ stood out for its higher concentrations of fumaric, butyric, and oxalic acids, contributing to its unique taste and health benefits. Throughout their growth stages from BBCH-77 to BBCH-89, an increase in organic acid levels was observed, peaking at the BBCH-85 stage, except for maleic acid. In terms of hormonal content, ‘Italia’ exhibited higher levels compared to ‘Bronx Seedless’. The predominant hormone, abscisic acid (ABA), alongside lower quantities of zeatin, indicated a strong physiological response to environmental and developmental cues in both varieties, with hormone levels increasing as the grapes approached maturity. Antioxidant profiles also varied between the two varieties, with ‘Italia’ consistently showing higher antioxidant levels than ‘Bronx Seedless’. Antioxidant levels consistently increased from BBCH-77 to BBCH-89. This comprehensive analysis contributes to our understanding of the complex processes underlying grape berry development and ripening, with potential implications for enhancing grape quality and refining production strategies.

The work purpose was to apply the analytical hierarchical process (AHP) method for ranking and selecting grapevine varieties, to assess the market demands for developing a program of setting up new plantations in a near future in Huşi Vineyard, one of the oldest vineyards of the Moldavian Hills Viticultural Region. Seven grapevine varieties of white wine (Aligoté, Băbească gri, Donaris, Ozana, Pinot gris, Riesling italian, Fetească regală) and fourteen criteria (quantitative and qualitative)were used in the AHP exercise. The analyses were carried out using the Expert Choice Desktop software. Ozana, Băbească gris and Aligoté genotypeswere selected as having the greatest potential for Huşi vineyardfrom the group of white wine genotypes taken into the study. The work can contribute to the maintaining of a durable viticulture, to quality white wines production and a more reliable future of the viticultural area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is determination of the quality of red wines from grape varieties Vranec, Merlot and Frankovka fermented by wine yeasts from the French manufacturer SELECTYS® LA DÉLICIEUSE and baker’s yeast seeded in a ratio of 0.25 g/L. The research was done during 2020 and 2021 in the Vinica vineyard, where the three grape varieties are grown at an altitude from 400 to 520 m. Regarding enological parameters, the highest amount of alcohol was measured for Merlot wines fermented by French yeast (13.07%), Frankovka wine fermented by baker’s yeast had the highest amount of sugar (9.71 g/L), Vranec wine produced by baker’s yeast had the highest total acidity (7.37 g/L) while the highest concentration of volatile acids was determined for Frankovka wine fermented by French yeast SELECTYS® LA DÉLICIEUSE (1.58 g/L). The impact of wine yeast to the quantity of particular elements was the most statistically significant for Fe57 in Merlot and Vranec wines, Cu65 in Frankovka wines and Pb208 in Merlot. Vranec and Merlot wines fermented by baker’s yeast indicated higher amounts of phenolic compounds while Frankovka wines produced by SELECTYS® LA DÉLICIEUSE showed opposite tendency with significantly higher amounts of polyphenols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to isolating and selection soil yeast strains from the indigenous flora of Iasi vineyard. In the research activity, were chosen four grape varieties Fetească Neagră, Fetească Albă, Busuioacă de Bohotin and Fetească Neagră from the ampelographic collection of "Vasile Adamachi" Farm, from viticultural center Copou. The experimental protocol provided for the sampling of soil samples in two different phenophases of plant development: the end of flowering and ripeness stage. The soil samples were taken at 3 depths: 5-10 cm, 10-15 cm, 15-20 cm. Isolation of yeast strains and obtaining pure cultures was accomplished by successive replicates using the GPCA solid medium seeding technique. Thus, 18 yeast strains were selected from the soil and analyzed morphologically regarding the shape, profile, color and surface of the colony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rootstock had a significant impact on the quantity and quality of grapes of the varieties grafted on it. That had been determined by the different growth strength of the rootstocks, their different absorption capacity and compatibility with the cultivated vine. During the period 2017-2020, a study was carried out on the agrobiological and technological properties of grapes and wine of the Kaylashki Rubin variety, grafted on vine rootstocks SO4, 110 Rihter, 44-53 Malegue and Fercal. Differences in the investigated indicators were found as a result of the influence of the used rootstocks. A mechanical analysis was made to determine the composition and structure of the clusters and berries. For the period, the highest average yield per vine was reported for Fercal rootstock, while the best theoretical yield had the variant on 44-53 Malegue rootstock. The chemical composition of grapes and experimental wines had been determined. On the average for the period the highest sugar accumulation and respectively the lowest titratable acids in grapes were reported in the variant of 44-53 Malegue rootstock. The opposite relationship was observed for 110 Richter. Differences in the chemical composition of the wines depending on the used rootstocks were found. The wines from 44-53 Malegue variant had the highest average alcohol content and sugar-free extract, but the lowest rates of titratable acids. The average amounts of the total phenolic compounds and anthocyanins in the wines from the variants of the different rootstocks were close. Their values were the lowest in the samples 2017 vintage. The rootstock type also affected the organoleptic properties of the Kaylashki Rubin wines; however, there was no common trend for the studied period. In 2018 and 2020, the samples from the 110 Rihter variant showed the best tasting qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On January 1, 2023, a "reformed" Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) will come into force, which is innovative by nature in structural terms, and focused on environmental and social sustainability issues, aimed at a comprehensive digitizationbased modernization of the agri-food sector. The new CAP keeps the current structure based on expenditure and regulatory measures, but includes a new planning tool, the national CAP Strategic Plan, a new CAP management model, and the new delivery model (NDM). Concerning EU wine policy, the new regulations foresee a number of specific amendments to existing rules, including changes that will apply to financial support for the wine sector with a reduced budget and to the regulatory measures. Among the latter, the most globally impacting are labelling rules, which require more information to consumers and allow the use of an e-label, the use of hybrid grape varieties for the production of appellation wines, and the inclusion among CAP regulated products of partially or totally de-alcoholised wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IntroductionClimate change has been driving warming trends and changes in precipitation patterns and regimes throughout Europe. Future projections indicate a continuation of these trends in the next decades. This situation is challenging the sustainability of viniculture and, thus, significant efforts towards adaptation should be then carried out by local winegrowers.MethodEcological Niche Models were built, using the ensemble modelling approach, to estimate the bioclimatic suitability of four main wine-producing European countries, namely France, Italy, Portugal, and Spain, in the recent past (1989–2005), for the cultivation of twelve Portuguese grape varieties. The models were then used to project the bioclimatic suitability to two future periods (2021– 2050 and 2051–2080) to better understand the potential shifts related to climate change (modeled after Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Representative Concentration Pathways 4.5 and 8.5 scenarios). The models were obtained with the modeling platform BIOMOD2, using four bioclimatic indices, namely the “Huglin Index”, the “Cool Night index”, the “Growing Season Precipitation index”, and the “Temperature Range during Ripening index” as predictor variables, as well as the current locations of the chosen grape varieties in Portugal.ResultsAll models performed with high statistical accuracy (AUC > 0.9) and were able to discriminate several suitable bioclimatic areas for the different grape varieties, in and around where they are currently located but also in other parts of the study area. The distribution of the bioclimatic suitability changed, however, when looking at future projections. For both climatic scenarios, projected bioclimatic suitability suffered a considerable shift to the north of Spain and France. In some cases, bioclimatic suitability also moved towards areas of higher elevation. Portugal and Italy barely retained any of the initially projected varietal areas. These shifts were mainly due to the overall rise in thermal accumulation and lower accumulated precipitation in the southern regions projected for the future.ConclusionEnsemble models of Ecological Niche Models were shown to be valid tools for winegrowers who want to adapt to a changing climate. The long-term sustainability of viniculture in southern Europe will most likely have to go through a process of mitigation of the effects of increasing temperatures and decreasing precipitation.

The FTIR-ATR method coupled with the multivariate analysis of specific spectral areas of samples was developed to characterize two white grape varieties (Sauvignon Blanc and Hibernal) and two blue grape varieties (André and Cabernet Moravia) of wine planted and harvested in the Moravia region, Czech Republic. Principal component analysis and hierarchical cluster analysis were performed using fingerprint regions of FTIR spectra for all wines. The results obtained by principal component analysis in combination with linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) scores yielded clear separation between the four classes of samples and showed very good discrimination between the wine samples, with a 91.7% overall classification rate for the samples. The conducted FTIR spectroscopy studies coupled with chemometrics allowed for the swift analysis of multiple wine components with minimal sample preparation. These methods can be used in research to improve specific properties of these wines, which will undoubtedly enhance the quality of the final wine samples obtained.

Grape canes represent a valuable source of numerous polyphenols with antioxidant properties, whose compositions vary depending on the genotype and environmental factors. Antioxidant activities of pure molecules are often reported without considering possible interactions that may occur in complex polyphenol mixture. Using UPLC-MS-based metabolomics and unsupervised classification, we explored the polyphenol variations in grape cane extracts from a collection of European varieties. Antioxidant activities were assessed using ORAC, ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, CUPRAC and chelation assays. Pairwise correlations between polyphenols and antioxidant capacities were performed to identify molecules that contributed more to the antioxidant capacities within a complex mixture of polyphenols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The marketability of table grapes is mainly characterized by berry size, color, taste and texture. Mechanical measurements of table grape berries could provide objective information on the textural qualities of grape berries. In addition, this method might be suitable to study the effects of phytotechnical methods (such as girdling) on table grape quality. The aim of this preliminary work was to demonstrate how instrumental testing could be used to examine the effects of girdling on berry grape texture and define the textural characteristics of table grape berries. Cane girdling was carried out at veraison in two table grape varieties. Texture analysis was performed several times during the maturity. Besides this examination another five varieties were analyzed to assess their berry mechanical properties. Double compression test was used to determine berry hardness and its derived parameters. Puncture test was applied to evaluate skin hardness, skin elasticity and skin break energy. Skin thickness was also investigated. Berry hardness, skin hardness and skin thickness of the girdled grapevines were significantly affected by this technique. Most of the textural parameters showed differences among the seven cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Excedentary, deficient or untimely reaching of the optimal thermal, insolation and water thresholds influences the passage of the vegetation phenophases of the varieties, always with negative implications in the quantitative and qualitative grape production. Our research team conducted studies on the main climatic elements recorded in the Murfatlar wine center during 1989-2018 and created a database on the succession of vegetation phenophases, in relation to climate change and the specificity of wine and table grapevine cultivars, between the years 2000-2019. Due to climate change, significant effects may be seen on grapevines, due to the interaction between climatic conditions specific to the Murfatlar vineyard, the effect of increased CO2 on photosynthesis, and the genetic resistance of plants. The analysis of the climatic elements carried out over a period of 30 years (1989-2018) shows an increase in temperatures during the winter and during the vegetation period, the four seasons being no longer very well defined. By analyzing the development of the vegetation phenophases in the Murfatlar Wine Center during the 20 studied years, the following can be observed: budburst takes place throughout April for all the studied cultivars; flowering begins in the last decade of May and early June, depending on the cultivar and the recorded temperatures; harvest for the early ripening varieties begins in the second half of July, for the medium ripening varieties in August, and for the late ripening varieties in September; full maturity is usually achieved one month after harvest, depending on the characteristics of each variety; harvesting takes place when the grapes have reached the sugar concentration and acidity necessary to obtain quality wines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lucrari Stiintifice, Universitatea de Stiinte Agricole Si Medicina Veterinara Ion Ionescu de la Brad Iasi, Seria Horticultura is the property of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine (Editura Ion Ionescu de la Brad) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)