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An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of three oil sources with the inclusion of three levels on some performance variables, carcass quality, and broiler organs. The sources used were palm oil (Elaeis guineensis), chicken oil, and Sacha inchi oil (Plukentia volubilis). A total of 324 female Ross 308 line were assigned in a completely random design to nine treatments with six repetitions of six birds per repetition, which were fed with a diet based on corn and soybean meal containing 3, 6, and 9% inclusion of each one of the oil sources for the periods between 8 to 21 days of age and 22 to 42 days of age. Live weight and feed consumption data were recorded weekly to calculate the feed conversion ratio, considering mortality. On day 42, one female broiler from each repetition was randomly selected, weighed, and sacrificed, to obtain upgraded data characteristics from the carcass. The results suggest that there was no significant difference in animal response variables or channel quality. Regarding the carcass variables and some poultry organs, the only one affected by the source was the deposition of abdominal fat. Sacha inchi oil produced carcasses with a lower average of abdominal fat in relation to weight and slaughter, with no differences between palm and chicken oils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba, no existe consenso acerca de qué valor del índice cintura/cadera debe ser considerado de riesgo para identificar disglucemias. Objetivos: Determinar el punto de corte del índice cintura/cadera como predictor de disglucemias para ambos sexos, en personas con sospecha de padecer diabetes mellitus. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con 975 personas, de ellas 523 mujeres y 452 hombres. La muestra no fue obtenida de población general y no fue aleatoria. A los sujetos se les realizó interrogatorio, examen físico y estudios complementarios. Se determinaron distribuciones de frecuencia de las variables cualitativas y cuantitativas. Se utilizó para el procesamiento estadístico el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, análisis de regresión logística y el análisis de curvas Receiver Operator Characteristic. Se empleó la prueba Chi Cuadrado para evaluar la significación estadística. Resultados: En ambos sexos observamos una correlación directamente proporcional y significativa entre el índice cintura/cadera y las diferentes variables estudiadas, entre ellas: glucemia en ayunas y a las 2h, insulinemia en ayunas, triglicéridos, ácido úrico y el índice de resistencia a la insulina (HOMA-IR). El colesterol se comportó de la misma forma en los hombres, pero en las mujeres se verificó una correlación débil y no significativa. El punto de corte óptimo del índice cintura/cadera, como predictor independiente de disglucemias, fue de 0,85 en las mujeres y 0,93 en los hombres. El índice cintura/cadera presentó un buen poder predictivo para identificar a sujetos con y sin disglucemias para ambos sexos y superior al de la edad. Conclusiones: El punto de corte óptimo del índice cintura/cadera, como predictor independiente de disglucemias, es de 0,85 en las mujeres y 0,93 en los hombres. Su poder predictor de disglucemias fue bueno.

RESUMEN Introducción: En Cuba no existe consenso acerca del valor del índice de conicidad que debe ser considerado de riesgo para identificar disglucemias. Objetivos: Determinar el punto de corte del índice de conicidad como predictor de disglucemia en ambos sexos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal con 975 personas (523 mujeres y 452 hombres), que asistieron a consulta externa del Instituto Nacional de Endocrinología por sospecha de diabetes mellitus entre abril de 2008 y abril de 2013. Se les realizó interrogatorio, examen físico y estudios complementarios (prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa, insulinemia en ayunas, lípidos y ácido úrico). Se utilizó para el procesamiento estadístico el coeficiente de correlación de Pearson, análisis de regresión logística y el análisis de curvas Receiver Operator Characteristic. Resultados: En el sexo femenino se observó una correlación directamente proporcional y significativa entre el índice de conicidad y las variables glucemia en ayunas y a las 2 h, insulinemia en ayunas, colesterol, triglicéridos, ácido úrico y el índice “homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance”. En el sexo masculino se observó una correlacióndirectamente proporcional y significativa entre el índice de conicidad y las variables estudiadas, excepto con los triglicéridos. El índice de conicidad tuvo su mayor poder predictor de disglucemia con un punto de corte de 1,18 para las mujeres y 1,20 en hombres. Conclusiones: El punto de corte óptimo del índice de conicidad como predictor de disglucemia fue de 1,18 para las mujeres y 1,20 para los hombres; es decir que tuvo un buen poder predictivo de disglucemias en el sexo femenino, no así en el masculino.

La evaluación uni y multivariada de la conformación corporal de machos y hembras de dos híbridos experimentales de tres vías destinados a la producción de pollos camperos, en comparación con Campero INTA como genotipo de referencia, tanto en términos de un conjunto de medidas lineales registradas antes de la faena como de cuatro índices zoométricos, puso en evidencia una base genética al menos parcialmente independiente para forma y tamaño corporal. El estudio de componentes principales de la proporción de pechuga, pata-muslo y grasa abdominal y del rendimiento a la faena mostró la existencia de fuentes de variación para pechuga y pata-muslo independientes de la grasa corporal así como dos fuentes de variación para pechuga, una de ellas independiente y la otra negativamente asociada con la proporción de pata-muslo. Si bien el análisis multivariado permitió caracterizar a las aves de uno y otro sexo en base a particularidades de potencial trascendencia selectiva no evidentes a partir de los respectivos análisis univariados, las diferencias entre grupos genéticos dentro de sexo no fueron productivamente trascendentes. Las aves de crecimiento lento evaluadas en este trabajo presentan un buen desarrollo muscular, a diferencia de los antiguos pollos de campo, mantienen el dimorfismo sexual propio de la especie y exhiben un fenotipo "tipo faisán" que les es característico y que, junto con una pigmentación variable de su plumaje diferente del blanco puro, los identifica y distingue de los híbridos comerciales propios de la avicultura industrial. En lo referente a los cortes de valor carnicero, pechuga y pata-muslo, los dos cruzamientos experimentales de tres vías evaluados pueden considerarse similares entre sí y similares también al grupo de referencia DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.19137/cienvet2014-1613

The objective of this research was evaluate the effect of Mentha spicata L. infusion on the productive performance and organoleptic characteristics of Cobb 500 broilers. The management, biosecurity and welfare of birds for open houses systems were followed using a completely random design (CRD). In order to evaluate treatments effects during 35 days, 200 1-day-old mixed chickens were distributed in five treatments, with four réplicas, of 10 birds each in the following groups: T1 (control), T2 (M. spicata infusion at 10%), T3 (M. spicata infusion at 20%), T4 (M. spicata infusion at 30%) and T5 (M. spicata infusion at 40%). The variables studied were broilers productives performance, carcass weight, abdominal fat and organoleptic characteristics. The data was processed using statistical program Statgraphics Centurión XV.I, performing a multivariate analysis of variance and determining the factors with effect, and ANOVA of productive variables per week; contingency tables were prepared with organoleptic indicators data to determine differences (Chi-square test). Results show no effect on productive parameters up to 30% per liter because a decrease in feed consumption in the slaugther week for T5 (40% of infusion) which indicate a limit of infusion use; the principal effects on infusion M. spicata L was on abdominal fat which was lower thickness in T4 (30%) and T5 (40%) maybe due to the presence of flavonoids in the mint plant, which have a positive effect on lipid metabolism, resulting in a lean product. Flavor, tenderness and juiciness showed a favorable acceptance for meat of animals recibing the infusion treatements in relation to the control group due to the tendency of the majority of the Ecuador population to consume products with markables organoleptics characteristiques coming from animals raised in tradicional form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Un total de 144 pollos de engorde de la línea genética CobbAvian, 48 criados hasta los 42 días de edad fueron distribuidos en un diseño experimental de parcelas divididas comprendidas en cuatro tratamientos con tres repeticiones, cada una de ellas con 12 individuos, 6 de cada sexo, con el objetivo de evaluar el efecto de la sustitución del grano de maíz, en un 50, 75 y 100% por harina integral de zapallo (HIZ), como fuente alternativa de energía, proteína y pigmentos naturales, en el rendimiento general de las aves, durante las fases de crecimiento y finalización. El resultado más sobresaliente, se obtuvo con la ración sustituida en un 50%, que comparada con las demás inclusiones de harina integral de zapallo, obtuvo el promedio más alto de peso vivo, ganancia de peso, peso en canal, conversión y eficiencia alimenticia. Además, este tratamiento no tuvo diferencias significativas (p

O objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a associação entre o uso de serviços de saúde e obesidade em adultos brasileiros. Realizou-se estudo transversal de base populacional em 100 municípios de 23 estados brasileiros. Os desfechos foram: atendimento domiciliar, utilização de serviço médico na unidade básica de saúde (UBS), uso de serviços médicos fora da UBS, uso de pronto-socorro e internação hospitalar. O excesso de peso foi avaliado por aferição do IMC e da circunferência abdominal (CA). Entre os 8.603 sujeitos estudados, o atendimento médico na UBS foi 14% e 18% maior entre obesos e com CA de risco muito aumentado, respectivamente, após ajuste para as variáveis sociodemográficas e sedentarismo, mas perdeu significância quando ajustado para hipertensão e diabetes autorreferidos. Para o pronto-socorro, ambas as exposições implicaram um aumento de cerca de 20% na probabilidade de uso deste serviço, após ajustes. O excesso de peso aumentou a probabilidade de utilização de consulta médica na UBS e em serviços de urgência e emergência.

Introduction and Objectives: Body shape (BSP) and body image (BI) are part of the external physical structure, then modifications in body shape necessarily affect body image; however, both combined have not been studied. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the statistical relationship between BSP and BI in university students.Method: Two hundred and ninety-six participants (17-35 years) were included in this study. Different anthropometric measurements were used to define their somatotype (BSP), body mass index (BMI), waist to hip ratio (WHR) and waist circumference (WC). In addition, a questionnaire on body image perception was applied (McElhone et al.), regarding "how do I look?", "how do I think others see me?", "how do others see me?", and "how do I want to look like?".Results: On average, men perceived themselves in normal weight; in contrast, women perceived themselves as overweight. Men were meso-endomorphic, while women were endo-mesomorphic as an average.Conclusion: Body shape measured as somatotype as well as WC and WHR were excellent determinants of body image. Participants who presented a higher endomorphy, WC and WHR and a lower ectomorphy had a higher appreciation of being overweight or obese and wish to become thinner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Abdominal fat mass is an important risk factor of inflammation in the general population as it is in haemodialysis (HD) patients. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of adiposity using the conicity index (Ci) with nutritional-inflammatory markers and to analyse whether these factors were related with the clinical outcome in HD patients. Methods: A cross-sectional study in 80 HD patients (men, 65%; aged 68.2 ± 14.2) was carried out. Abdominal fat deposition was evaluated by Ci median with regard to baseline inflammatory, anthropomorphic, and nutritional markers. Linear regression analysis was applied to identify whether serum C-reactive protein (CRP), as an inflammatory biomarker, was an independent predictor of Ci in HD patients. Results: Mean Ci was significantly greater in men (p = 0.001). Significant positive correlations were observed between Ci and serum triglycerides (r = 0.23; p < 0.05) and Ln of serum CRP (r = 0.27; p < 0.01). A significantly higher median Ci (men ≥ 1.39 and women ≥ 1.33) was observed in inflammated overweight patients by multivariate analysis (p < 0.05). Serum CRP, as an inflammatory biomarker, was a significant predictor (p = 0.021) of Ci, but its predictive value disappeared after median Ci adjustment of linear regression analysis. Conclusion: Abdominal fat mass, measured by Ci, appears directly linked to inflammation in dialysis. Results support the hypothesis that inflammation in HD patients has pleiotropic effects depending on abdominal body adiposity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 10-week of endurance training or resistance training on regional and abdominal fat, and in the lipid profile, examining the associations among the changes in body composition, weight, waist circumference and lipid profile. Body composition, waist circumference and lipid profile were analyzed in 26 volunteers healthy young men (age 22.5 ± 1.9 yr), randomly assigned to: endurance group (EG), resistance group (RG) or control group (CG). The EG significantly decreased after training the body weight, body mass index, total body fat and percentage of fat, fat and percentage of fat at the trunk and at the abdominal region and High-Density Lipoprotein. The RG significantly increased total lean mass and decreased total cholesterol, High-Density and Low-Density Lipoprotein. Close relationship were found among changes in weight, total lean mass, regional fat mass, waist circumference and changes in lipid profile (all p < 0.05). We concluded that 10-week of endurance training decreased abdominal and body fat in young men, while 10-week of resistance training increased total lean mass. These types of training had also effects on lipid profile that seem to be to some extent associated to changes in body composition; however it requires additional investigation.

Introduction: Computerizd tomography (CT) is the gold standard for the evaluation of intra- (IAF) and total (TAF) abdominal fat; however, the high cost of the procedure and exposure to radiation limit its routine use. Objective: To develop equations that utilize anthropometric measures for the estimate of IAF and TAF in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: The weight, height, BMI, and abdominal (AC), waist (WC), chest (CC), and neck (NC) circumferences of thirty obese women with PCOS were measured, and their IAF and TAF were analyzed by CT. Results: The anthropometric variables AC, CC, and NC were chosen for the TAF linear regression model because they were better correlated with the fat deposited in this region. The model proposed for TAF (predicted) was: 4.63725 + 0.01483 x AC - 0.00117 x NC - 0.00177 x CC (R² = 0.78); and the model proposed for IAF was: IAF (predicted) = 1.88541 + 0.01878 x WC + 0.05687 x NC -0.01529 x CC (R²=0.51). AC was the only independent predictor of TAF (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The equations proposed showed good correlation with the real value measured by CT, and can be used in clinical practice.Introducción: La tomografia computarizada (TC) es el estándar de oro para la evaluación de la grasa intra-abdominal (GIA) y abdominal total (GAT), pero los altos costos y la exposición a la radiación limitan su uso rutinario. Objetivo: Desarrollar ecuaciones para la estimación de la GIA y la GAT en mujeres obesas con el sindrome del ovario poliquistico, utilizando medidas antropométricas. Métodos: Se evaluó el peso, la altura, el IMC y las circunferencias abdominal (CA), cintura (CC), pecho (CP) y cuello (Ccu) de 30 mujeres obesas con SOP. La GIA y GAT fueron analizados por la TC. Resultados: El modelo propuesto fue: GAT = 4,63725 + 0,01483 x CA - 0.00117 x CCu - 0,00177 x CP (R² = 0,78); y para la GIA fue: GIA = 1, 88541 + 0, 01878 x CC + 0,05687 x CCu - 0,01529 x CP (R² = 0,51). La CA fue La única variable predictora independiente de la GAT (p < 0,01). Conclusión: Las equaciones propuestas correlacionaronse bien con el valor real, medido a través de la TC, y se puede utilizarlas en la práctica clínica.

Objective: To assess five years trends in total and abdominal fat in Spanish adolescents. Design: Two cross-sectional studies: adolescents from the city of Zaragoza (Spain) assessed during 2001-2002 and 2006-2007. Subjects: 399 adolescents in 2001-02 and 392 adolescents in 2006-07. Main outcome measurements: Socio-economic status was assessed using the education level of both parents. A complete anthropometric assessment was performed in both surveys using the same methodology: weight, height, skinfold thickness (biceps, triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, thigh and calf) and circumferences (waist and hip). The body mass index (BMI) and the sum of 6 skinfold thicknesses were calculated. Body fat percentage (BF%) was also calculated by the formulas described by Slaughter et al. Results: After adjusting for age and pubertal status, only females showed a significantly decrease in weight, BMI and waist circumference, and a significant increase in the sum of 6 skinfolds (all P < 0.05 and Cohen's d ≥ 0.25) in 2006-2007, when compared to values obtained in 2001-2002. Males did not show any significant change between the two surveys. Concerning centile values, a slight general reduction was observed in weight, BMI and waist circumference for both males and females. On the contrary, the sum of 6 skinfolds and the BF% were higher in 2006-2007 than in 2001-2002. Conclusion: According to these results, there might be a levelling-off in the trends of BMI, BF% and waist circumference in male adolescents from Zaragoza. In females, despite a trend towards higher body fat mass, there was a trend towards lower BMI and waist circumference values.Objetivo: Evaluar las tendencias de cinco años de la grasa total y abdominal de adolescentes españoles. Diseño: Dos estudios transversales: adolescentes de la ciudad de Zaragoza (España) evaluados durante 2001-2002 y 2006-2007. Sujetos: 399 adolescentes en 2001-02 y 392 adolescentes en 2006-07. Principales variables estudiadas: El estado socioeconómico se evaluó usando el nivel educativo de ambos progenitores. Se realizó una evaluación antropométrica completa en ambos estudios con la misma metodología: peso, talla, grosor del pliegue (bíceps, tríceps, subescapular, suprailíaco, muslo y pantorrilla) y circunferencias (cintura y cadera). Se calcularon el índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la suma del grosor de 6 pliegues. También se calculó el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) con las fórmulas descritas por Slaughter et al. Resultados: tras ajustar por edad y estado puberal, sólo las chicas mostraron un descenso significativo del peso, IMC y la circunferencia de la cintura, y un aumento significativo en la suma de los 6 pliegues cutáneos (todos ellos P < 0,05 y d de Cohen ≥ 0,25) en 2006-2007, en comparación con los valores obtenidos en 2001-2002. Los chicos no mostraron cambios significativos entre ambos estudios. Con respecto a los percentiles, se observó una reducción leve del peso, IMC y circunferencia de la cintura en chicos y chicas. Por el contrario, la suma de los 6 pliegues cutáneos y el %GC fueron mayores en 2006-2007 que en 2001-2002. Conclusión: de acuerdo con estos resultados, podría haber un resultado neutro en las tendencias del IMC, %GC y circunferencia de la cintura en los adolescentes varones de Zaragoza. En las chicas, a pesar de una mayor tendencia a una mayor grasa corporal, hubo una tendencia a unos menores valores de IMC y de circunferencia de la cintura.

FUNDAMENTO: A obesidade androgênica está associada a um risco maior de distúrbios metabólicos, favorecendo assim a ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares e outras morbidades. OBJETIVO: Verificar a influência da área de tecido adiposo visceral (ATAV), medida pela tomografia computadorizada, sobre alterações metabólicas em adultos e idosos. MÉTODOS: Tomografias computadorizadas e valores de lipoproteínas: o colesterol total e frações, os triglicérides, a glicemia e o ácido úrico foram obtidos de 194 indivíduos estratificados por sexo, grupo etário e massa corporal, e analisados utilizando os testes de correlação e de média. RESULTADOS: Os idosos apresentaram maiores valores da ATAV, glicemia, ácido úrico e colesterol total. As maiores correlações foram encontradas entre a ATAV, os triglicérides e o VLDL-c (r > 0,5; p < 0,01), em ambos os grupos etários. A média da área de tecido adiposo visceral mostrou-se sempre mais elevada quando os valores de triglicérides e de glicemia estavam alterados, em ambos os grupos etários. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria dos exames apresentou forte correlação com a ATAV considerada de risco para alterações metabólicas. Em idosos, a área de tecido adiposo visceral de risco parece ser superior a de adultos.FUNDAMENTO: La obesidad androgénica está asociada a un riesgo mayor de disturbios metabólicos, favoreciendo así la ocurrencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares y otras morbilidades. OBJETIVOS: Verificar la influencia del área de tejido adiposo visceral (ATAV), medida por la tomografía computarizada, sobre alteraciones metabólicas en adultos y adultos mayores. MÉTODOS: Tomografías computarizadas y valores de lipoproteínas: el colesterol total y fracciones, los triglicéridos, la glucemia y el ácido úrico se obtuvieron de 194 individuos estratificados por sexo, grupo de edad y masa corporal, y se analizaron utilizando las pruebas de correlación y de promedio. RESULTADOS: Los adultos mayores presentaron mayores valores de la ATAV, glucemia, ácido úrico y colesterol total. Las mayores correlaciones se encontraron entre la ATAV, los triglicéridos y el VLDL-c (r > 0,5; p < 0,01), en ambos grupos de edad. La media del área de tejido adiposo visceral se evidenció siempre más elevada cuando los valores de triglicéridos y de glucemia estaban alterados, en ambos grupos de edad. CONCLUSIÓN: La mayoría de los exámenes presentó fuerte correlación con la ATAV considerada de riesgo para alteraciones metabólicas. En adultos mayores, el área de tejido adiposo visceral de riesgo parece ser superior a la de adultos.BACKGROUND: Androgenic obesity is associated with a higher risk of metabolic disorders, thus favoring the occurrence of cardiovascular diseases and other morbidities. OBJECTIVE: To verify the influence of the visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, measured by computed tomography (CT), on the metabolic alterations in adult and elderly individuals. METHODS: CT results and lipoprotein levels, total cholesterol and fractions, triglycerides, glycemia and uric acid levels, were obtained from 194 individuals stratified by sex, age group and body mass and analyzed using the tests of correlation and means. RESULTS: The elderly individuals presented higher VAT area, glycemia, uric acid and total cholesterol levels. The most important correlations were observed between VAT area, triglycerides (TG) and VLDL-c (r > 0.5; p < 0.01), in both age groups. The mean VAT area was always higher when TG and glycemia levels were altered, in both age groups. CONCLUSION: Most tests showed a strong correlation with VAT area, which was considered as risk for metabolic alterations. In elderly individuals, the risk VAT area seems to be higher than that of adult individuals.

FUNDAMENTO: A obesidade abdominal apresenta elevada prevalência em mulheres com síndrome dos ovários policísticos (SOP) e está associada a um aumento do risco cardiovascular. OBJETIVO: Verificar a acurácia da circunferência da cintura (CC), da relação cintura-quadril (RCQ), da relação cintura-estatura (RCEST) e do índice de conicidade (índice C), no que se refere à detecção de fatores de risco cardiovascular (FRCV) em mulheres com SOP. MÉTODOS: Por meio de estudo transversal, foram alocadas 102 mulheres (26,5 ± 5 anos) com diagnóstico de SOP, de acordo com o consenso de Rotterdam. O colesterol total (CT), os triglicerídeos (TG), o LDL-colesterol (LDL-C), o HDL-colesterol (HDL-C), a glicemia de jejum, a glicemia após teste oral de tolerância à glicose (TOTG) e a pressão arterial (PA) foram avaliados em todas as pacientes, além das variáveis antropométricas. RESULTADOS: A relação cintura-estatura foi o marcador que apresentou correlações positivas significativas com o maior número de FRCV (PA, TG e glicemia após TOTG), destacando-se ainda a correlação negativa com HDL-C. Todos os marcadores antropométricos avaliados se correlacionaram positivamente com PA, enquanto CC e RCQ apresentaram correlação positiva também com TG. No tocante à acurácia para detecção de FRCV, os indicadores antropométricos considerados apresentaram taxas de sensibilidade superiores a 60%, com destaque para a RCEST, que apresentou sensibilidade superior a 70%. CONCLUSÃO: A RCEST demonstrou ser o indicador antropométrico com a melhor acurácia para a predição de FRCV. Nesse sentido, propõe-se a inclusão desse parâmetro de fácil mensuração na avaliação clínica para o rastreamento de mulheres com SOP e FRCV.FUNDAMENTO: La obesidad abdominal presenta elevada prevalencia en mujeres con Síndrome de Ovarios Poliquísticos (SOP) y está asociada a un aumento del riesgo cardiovascular. OBJETIVO: Verificar la precisión de la circunferencia de la cintura (CC), de la relación cintura-cadera (RCC), de la relación cintura-estatura (RCEst) y del índice de conicidad (índice C), en los que se refiere a la detección de factores de riesgo cardiovascular (FRCV) en mujeres con SOP. MÉTODOS: Por medio de estudio transversal, fueron seleccionadas 102 mujeres (26,5 ± 5 años) con diagnóstico de SOP, de acuerdo con el consenso de Rotterdam. El colesterol total (CT), los triglicéridos (TG), el LDL-colesterol (LDL-c), el HDL-colesterol (HDL-C), la glucemia en ayunas, la glicemia después del test oral de tolerancia a la glucosa (TOTG) y la presión arterial (PA) fueron evaluadas en todas las pacientes, además de las variables antropométricas. RESULTADOS: La relación cintura-estatura fue el marcador que presentó correlaciones positivas significativas con el mayor número de FRCV (PA, TG y glucemia después del TOTG), destacándose además la correlación negativa con HDL-C. Todos los marcadores antropométricos evaluados se correlacionaron positivamente con la PA, mientras que CC y RCC presentaron correlación positiva también con TG. En lo tocante a la precisión para detección de FRCV, los indicadores antropométricos considerados presentaron índices de sensibilidad superiores al 60%, destacándose la RCEst, que presentó sensibilidad superior al 70%. CONCLUSIÓN: La RCEst demostró ser el indicador antropométrico con la mayor precisión para la predicción de FRCV. En este sentido, se propone la inclusión de ese parámetro de fácil medición en la evaluación clínica para el rastreo de mujeres con SOP y FRCV.BACKGROUND: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) present a high prevalence of abdominal obesity, which is associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. OBJECTIVE: To verify the accuracy of the waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and the conicity index (CI) in the detection of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF) in women with PCOS. METHODS: The present transversal study allocated 102 women (26.5 ± 5 years) with a diagnosis of PCOS, according to the Rotterdam criteria. Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), fasting glucose, glucose after the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and blood pressure (BP) were evaluated in all patients, in addition to the anthropometric variables. RESULTS: The WHtR was the marker that presented significant positive correlations with the highest number of CVRF (BP, TG and post-OGTT glucose), whereas there was a negative correlation with HDL-C. All the evaluated anthropometric markers were positively correlated with BP, whereas WC and WHR also presented a positive correlation with TG. Regarding the accuracy for the detection of CVRF, the anthropometric markers presented a sensibility > 60%, especially the WHtR, which had a sensibility > 70%. CONCLUSION: The WHtR showed to be the most accurate anthropometric indicator for the prediction of CVRF. In this sense, we propose the inclusion of this easily-measured parameter in the clinical assessment for the screening of women with PCOS and CVRF.

FUNDAMENTO: A correlação entre aumento de gordura visceral e de resistência à insulina coloca o diâmetro abdominal sagital e o perímetro da cintura como instrumentos potenciais para a predição de resistência à insulina. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a reprodutibilidade de diferentes aferições do diâmetro abdominal sagital e do perímetro da cintura e analisar o poder discriminante dos mesmos para predizer resistência à insulina. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados 190 homens adultos. O diâmetro abdominal sagital (menor cintura, maior diâmetro abdominal, nível umbilical e ponto médio entre as cristas ilíacas) e o perímetro da cintura (nível umbilical, menor cintura, imediatamente acima da crista ilíaca e ponto médio entre a crista ilíaca e a última costela) foram aferidos em quatro locais diferentes. A resistência à insulina foi avaliada pelo índice HOMA-IR. RESULTADOS: Todas as medidas apresentaram correlação intraclasse de 0,986-0,999. Tanto o diâmetro abdominal sagital aferido na menor cintura (r=0,482 e AUC=0,739±0,049) como o perímetro da cintura aferido no ponto médio entre a última costela e a crista ilíaca (r=0,464 e AUC=0,746±0,05) apresentaram maiores correlações com o HOMA-IR, bem como um melhor poder discriminante para o HOMA-IR segundo a análise ROC (pFUNDAMENTO: La correlación entre aumento de la grasa visceral y de la resistencia a la insulina pone el diámetro abdominal sagital y el perímetro de la cintura como los instrumentos potenciales para la predicción de resistencia a la insulina. OBJETIVO: Evaluar la reproductibilidad de distintas mediciones del diámetro abdominal sagital y del perímetro de la cintura y analizar el poder discriminante de las mismas para predecir resistencia a la insulina. MÉTODOS: Se evaluaron a 190 varones adultos. El diámetro abdominal sagital (menor cintura, mayor diámetro abdominal, nivel umbilical y punto promedio entre las crestas ilíacas) y el perímetro de la cintura (nivel umbilical, menor cintura, inmediatamente superior a la cresta ilíaca y punto promedio entre la cresta ilíaca y la última costilla) se calcularon en cuatro locales diferentes. La resistencia a la insulina se evaluó por el índice HOMA-IR. RESULTADOS: Todas las mediciones presentaron correlación intraclase de 0,986-0,999. Tanto el diámetro abdominal sagital calculado en la menor cintura (r=0,482 y AUC=0,739±0,049) como el perímetro de la cintura calculado en el punto promedio entre la última costilla y la cresta ilíaca (r=0,464 e AUC=0,746±0,05) presentaron mayores correlaciones con el HOMA-IR, así como un mejor poder discriminante para el HOMA-IR según el análisis ROC (pBACKGROUND: The correlation between the increase in visceral fat and insulin resistance makes the sagittal abdominal diameter and the waist perimeter as potential tools for the prediction of insulin resistance. OBJECTIVE: To assess the reproducibility of different measurements of the sagittal abdominal diameter and the waist perimeter and analyze the discriminating power of the measurements when predicting insulin resistance. METHODS: A total of 190 adult males were studied. The sagittal abdominal diameter (smallest girth, larger abdominal diameter, umbilical level and midpoint between the iliac crests) and the waist perimeter (umbilical level, smallest girth, immediately above the iliac crest and midpoint between the iliac crest and the last rib) were measured at four different sites. Insulin resistance was assessed by the homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index. RESULTS: All measurements presented an intraclass correlation of 0.986-0.999. The sagittal abdominal diameter measured at the smallest girth (r=0.482 and AUC=0.739±0.049) and the waist perimeter measured at the midpoint between the last rib and the iliac crest (r=0.464 and AUC=0.746±0.05) presented the highest correlations with the HOMA-IR and the best discriminating power for HOMA-IR according to the ROC analysis (p

Introducción: la obesidad es una condición compleja multifactorial, que tiene componentes genéticos y ambientales, y dispara diversas anormalidades, según la predisposición de los individuos y de las poblaciones. Las repercusiones más frecuentes del sobrepeso y la obesidad se asocian con la aparición de diferentes enfermedades crónicas, entre las que se encuentran la enfermedad cardiovascular, la diabetes y las enfermedades del aparato locomotor. Se ha comprobado que el riesgo de que aparezcan estas enfermedades crónicas en la población, aumenta de manera progresiva a partir de un índice de masa corporal de 21. Según cálculos recientes de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, en los últimos años se ha producido un aumento de la incidencia mundial de sobrepeso que llega a 1.600 millones y de obesidad que alcanzó 400 millones en 2005. Además, se prevé que estas cifras se eleven más y lleguen hasta 2.300 millones y 700 millones, respectivamente en 2015. Objetivo: conocer el perfil epidemiológico del sobrepeso y la obesidad, y evaluar la relación con sus principales comorbilidades como la hipertensión arterial, la diabetes mellitus y algunas dislipidemias en la población adulta de Cartagena de Indias. Métodos: estudio transversal analítico, en el que se evaluaron 749 personas por muestreo aleatorio estratificado de las diferentes zonas de Cartagena, aplicando un formato de encuesta estructurada, con el fin de obtener las variables sociodemográficas y antropométricas. Para las variables bioquímicas se determinó glucemia en ayunas, colesterol total, colesterol HDL y triglicéridos. Resultados: se evidencia una prevalencia alta de sobrepeso y obesidad, que sumados constituyen 62% de la población (41% de sobrepeso y 21% de obesidad). Se determinó la prevalencia de obesidad abdominal según los criterios del ATP III, encontrándose que 41,8% de la población presentó obesidad abdominal, de éstos 39,3% mostraba hipertensión arterial, 31,9% algún tipo de dislipidemia y 11,2% diabetes mellitus tipo 2. Conclusiones: estos resultados indican que el sobrepeso, la obesidad y sus comorbilidades asociadas como la hipertensión arterial, la dislipidemia y la diabetes mellitus tipo 2, son factores que requieren una intervención inmediata por parte de las autoridades de salud para aminorar su impacto negativo sobre la población adulta de Cartagena de Indias, en especial derivadas del incremento de la morbi-mortalidad por enfermedad cardiovascular.Introduction: obesity is a complex multifactorial condition with genetic and environmental components. According to the predispositions in individuals and populations, it triggers several abnormalities. The most frequent repercussions of overweight and obesity are associated with the appearance of different chronic diseases, among those cardiovascular disease, diabetes and musculoskeletal diseases. It has been proved that the risk of the appearance of these chronic diseases in the population increases progressively from a body mass index of 21. According to recent WHO data, in the last years there has been an increase in the world population overweight incidence reaching 1,600 millions and in obesity, that reached 400 millions in 2005. Besides, it is expected that these numbers may rise reachind 2,300 millions and 700 millions, respectively. Objective: to recognize the epidemiological profile of overweight and obesity and assess the relationship with its main comorbidities such as arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus and some dyslipidemias in the Cartagena de Indias adult population. Methods: analitical cross-sectional study. 749 people were assessed by stratified simple random format in order to obtain the sociodemographic and anthropometric variables. Assessment of glycemia levels was performed after fasting. Total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and triglycerides were also determined. Results: a high prevalence of overweight and obesity was shown, making up 62% of the population (41% overweight and 21% obesity). Prevalence of abdominal obesity was determined according to ATP III criteria, detecting obesity in 41,8%. Among these, 39,3% had arterial hypertension and some kind of dyslipidemia and 11.2% had diabetes mellitus type II. Conclusions: these results showed that overweight, obesity and its associated comorbidities such as hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus type 2, are factors that require an immediate intervention of the health authorities in order to reduce its negative impact on the adult population of Cartagena de Indias, especially in those arising from increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular disease.

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre o consumo de bebidas alcoólicas e adiposidade abdominal. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com uma amostra de homens doadores de sangue (N=1.235), de 20 a 59 anos, em Cuiabá (MT), realizado de agosto/1999 a janeiro/2000. Os indicadores de adiposidade abdominal foram circunferência da cintura e relação cintura/quadril, ajustados pela adiposidade total. As medidas aferidas foram: peso, estatura, circunferências da cintura e do quadril. O consumo de álcool foi avaliado utilizando-se um questionário sobre tipo, freqüência e quantidade da bebida consumida. A associação entre o consumo de álcool e adiposidade abdominal foi analisada por regressão linear múltipla, com os modelos ajustados para idade, atividade física, tabagismo e adiposidade total. RESULTADOS: Após ajuste, a circunferência da cintura e a relação cintura quadril mantiveram-se associadas positivamente ao consumo de cerveja (p=0,02) e ao total de álcool consumido (p=0,01 e 0,03, respectivamente). O consumo de aguardente mostrou associação somente com a circunferência da cintura (p=0,04). CONCLUSÕES: O consumo de álcool, particularmente de cerveja, associou-se com a localização abdominal de gordura.OBJETIVO: Analizar la asociación entre el consumo de bebidas alcohólica y adiposidad abdominal. MÉTODOS: Se efectuó estudio transversal con una muestra de hombres donadores de sangre (N= 1.235), de 20 a 59 años, en Cuiabá (Centro-Oeste de Brasil), realizado de agosto/1999 a enero/2000. Los indicadores de adiposidad abdominal fueron circunferencia de la cintura y relación cintura/cuadril, ajustadas por la adiposidad total. Las medidas verificables fueron: peso, estatura, circunferencias de la cintura y del cuadril. El consumo de alcohol fue evaluado utilizándose un cuestionario sobre tipo, frecuencia y cantidad de la bebida consumida. La asociación entre el consumo de alcohol y adiposidad abdominal fue analizada por regresión lineal múltiple, con los modelos ajustados para la edad, actividad física, tabaquismo y adiposidad total. RESULTADOS: Posterior al ajuste, la circunferencia de la cintura y la relación cintura/cuadril se mantuvieron asociados positivamente al consumo de cerveza (p=0,02) y al total de alcohol consumido (p=0,01 y 0,03, respectivamente). El consumo de aguardiente mostró asociación solamente con la circunferencia de la cintura (p=0,04). CONCLUSIONES: El consumo de alcohol, particularmente de cerveza, se asoció con la localización abdominal de gordura.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between alcohol consumption and abdominal fat. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in a sample of male blood donors (n=1,235), aged 20-59 years, in the city of Cuiabá, Central-West Brazil, between August 1999 and January 2000. Waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were indicators of abdominal fat, adjusted for total adiposity. Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences were measured. Alcohol consumption was evaluated using a questionnaire collecting information on type, frequency, and amount of consumption. The association between alcohol consumption and abdominal fat was assessed through multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, physical activity, smoking, and percent of body fat. RESULTS: After adjustment, waist circumference and waist-to-hip ratio were positively associated with beer (p = 0.02) and total alcohol consumption (p=0.01; p=0.03, respectively). Waist circumference was positively associated with spirit consumption (p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: Alcohol intake, particularly beer, was positively associated to abdominal fat.

Introducción: en adultos y en niños, la circunferencia de la cintura como indicador de masa grasa intra-abdominal, se correlaciona de manera más directa con el riesgo de enfermedad cardiovascular y con un perfil lipídico aterogénico, que la obesidad, determinada por el índice de masa corporal. Objetivo: caracterizar la circunferencia de la cintura en los niños y escolares del Programa de Nutrición de Manizales. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo. Población de estudio: 10.720 niños y escolares de ambos géneros, de instituciones públicas urbanas y rurales de Manizales. Variables y análisis: edad, género, estatura, peso y circunferencia de la cintura. En cada género se compararon medianas de la cintura con diferente clasificación de la estatura (U de Mann Whitney), proporciones de bajo y alto índice de masa corporal (chi²) y promedios de la circunferencia de la cintura en niños con índice de masa corporal bajo y normal (U de Mann Whitney). La correlación con la cintura se estimó separada por género. Se aceptó como significativo todo valor de pP90) fue significativamente más alta en ambos géneros (p=0,020 niños; p=0,0450 niñas), que con el índice de masa corporal (>P95).INTRODUCTION: waist circumference in adults and children as intra-abdominal fat mass indicator is correlated in a more direct way with the risk of cardiovascular disease and with an atherogenic lipid profile than obesity, determined by the body mass index. OBJECTIVE: characterize waist circumference in school children from the Manizales Nutrition Program. MATERIALS AND METHODS: descriptive study. COHORT STUDY: 10720 children from both genders of Manizales public urban and rural institutions. VARIABLES AND ANALYSIS: age, gender, height, weight and waist circumference. Mean waist measures were compared in each gender with different classification of height (Mann Whitney U), low and high body mass index proportions and mean waist circumference in children with low body mass index and normal (Mann Whitney U). Correlation with waist was estimated separate by gender. All value of pP90) was significant higher in both genders (p=0.020 boys; p=0.045 girls) than with body mass index (>P95).

Introduction: the evaluation of the body fat distribution by anthropometry can serve to identify excess visceral fat. This diagnosis will enable implementation of specific measures to both prevent and treat excess visceral fat in postmenopausal women.Objective: the aim of this study was to analyze different anthropometric indicators and identify the best cutoff points to discriminate subjects with high visceral fat area (HVFA) in postmenopausal women.Methods: cross-sectional study with a sample of 255 postmenopausal women. Different Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed and the areas under them compared in terms of the conicity index (C-index), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist circumference (WC), weight-to-height ratio (WHtR) and HVFA. Sensitivity and specificity identified the best cutoff points between the different anthropometric indicators in order to discriminate subjects with HVFA. The confidence interval was set at 95%.Results: statistically significant areas under the ROC curve were found for all anthropometric indicators analyzed. The following cutoff points, with their respective sensitivities and specificities to discriminate subjects with HVFA, were suggested: C-index (1.19; 75.00%- 74.77%); BMI (27.3 kg/m2; 81.08%-80.37%); WHR (0.98; 90.54%-83.18%); WC (85 cm; 85.14%-81.31%); and WHtR (0.55; 80.41%-80.37%).Conclusion: these results demonstrate that anthropometric indicators identify HVFA well in postmenopausal women and can be used instead of more sophisticated exams to detect high levels of visceral fat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two hundred and sixteen unsexed 14 daysold Marshall broiler chicks were used in a 3×3 factorial experimental design to test the effect of restricting feed intake of birds by 0 %, 20 % and 40 % levels for 2, 4 and 6 weeks after two weeks of the starter phase. The unrestricted (control) treatments were fed ad libitum throughout the experiment. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Data were collected and calculated on weight gain, feed:gain, feed intake, mortality, proximate composition of meat and cost-benefit analysis. Data obtained were subjected to a 2-way analysis of variance. Results showed significantly higher (p<0.05) final weights in the unrestricted birds (control) compared to the restricted birds. Interaction between duration of restriction and level of restriction indicated that weight gain and feed intake significantly (p<0.05) reduced as duration and level of feed restriction increased. Feed:gain was significantly (p<0.05) different across the treatments with birds restricted at 40 % for 6 weeks having the best feed:gain (1.91). The mortality recorded was not significant (p>0.05) across duration and level of restriction. Abdominal fat decreased with increasing duration and level of restriction with birds on 40 % level and 6 weeks duration of restriction having the lowest fat content (0.20 %). Crude protein content of the breast muscle significantly increased while crude fat content of the breast muscle significantly decreased with duration and level of restriction. Crude fat content was lowest at 40 % level and 6 weeks duration of feed restriction. As level and duration of feed restriction increased, feed cost/ kg reduced. Birds restricted at 40 % level for 2, 4 and 6 weeks durations respectively had better cost benefit than birds restricted at 0 and 20 % levels for 2, 4 and 6 weeks durations. It can be concluded that the best feed:gain, lower abdominal fat, higher protein and better cost benefit was achieved in birds restricted at 40 % for 6 weeks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and identifying its components in young adults may constitute an important prevention tool. Objective: Analyzing applicability of the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) for predicting components of MS in young adults. Methods: Cross-sectional survey with 444 individuals, mean age 25.6±6.5, 77.7% females. We obtained data on weight, height, waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage (BF%), fasting glycemia, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-c), LDL cholesterol (LDL-c), and blood pressure (BP), as well as information on their lifestyles. Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHR) and VAI were calculated. Adiposity measurements were compared to the MS components, and for VAI, we determined the predictive capacity of MS components occurrence and the area below the ROC curve. Results: VAI correlated to glucose (r=0.136), HDL-c (r=-436), and TG (r=0.825) in females, and amongst men, it correlated to glucose (r=0.258), HDL-c (r=-0.550), TG (r=0.897), and DBP (r=0.290). An increased VAI was associated to an increased risk of abdominal obesity (OR=1.86), hypertriglyceridemia (OR=30.74), and low HDL-c (OR=3.95). Among obesity indicators, VAI presented a larger area below the curve for increased TG and low HDL-c. Conclusion: VAI presented an association to MS components in males and females with an increased risk of abdominal obesity, hipertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-c, proving to be a good MS components predictor even among healthy young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Para estudiar el comportamiento productivo de pollos cuello desnudo heterocigotos, con diferentes espacios vitales, se utilizaron 144 pollos, sin sexar, de la estirpe T451N, de 1 a 91 d de edad. Se distribuyeron según diseño de bloques al azar, con arreglo factorial 3 x 2 en seis tratamientos: tres espacios vitales (5, 10 y 15 m2) y dos dietas (0 y 3 % harina de hojas de Morus alba), al 30 % de restricción. Se evaluó la ganancia de peso, conversión alimentaria, rendimiento en canal y sus cortes principales; además de la deposición de la grasa abdominal. La interacción espacio-dieta fue significativa en consumo, ganancia de peso (P < 0.05) y conversión alimentaria (P < 0.01). Los resultados indicaron mayor eficiencia productiva con 10 m2/ave. Con respecto a la dieta control (1.62 g/kg PV), el mayor peso vivo (3.15 kg) y la menor deposición de grasa abdominal (1.46 g/kg de (PV) se obtuvieron con la dieta que incluyó 3 % de harina de hojas de morera, independientemente del espacio vital utilizado. El espacio vital influyó en el rendimiento de la canal y sus cortes principales (muslos + encuentros y pechuga), que fueron superiores, con 10 y 15 m2. Se concluye que la cría en pastoreo de pollos cuello desnudo heterocigotos, alimentados con dieta con 3 % de harina de hojas de morera, al 30 % de restricción en 10 m2 por ave, mejoró el comportamiento productivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cadernos de Saude Publica is the property of Escola Nacional de Saude Publica Sergio Arouca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El exceso de tejido adiposo visceral se asocia con factores de riesgo cardiovascular. Recientemente, el diámetro abdominal sagital (DAS) se ha convertido en un indicador de obesidad central y puede ayudar en la predicción del riesgo cardiovascular. El objetivo del estudio es revisar la literatura científica sobre la utilización del DAS para evaluación nutricional de adultos. Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos electrónicas SciELO , MEDLINE (PubMed) y Biblioteca Virtual de Salud. El DAS se asocia con la grasa abdominal (especialmente visceral) y diferentes factores de riesgo cardiovascular, como resistencia a la insulina, presión arterial y lipoproteínas plasmáticas, en mayor magnitud que indicadores tradicionales como el índice de masa corporal y la relación cintura/cadera. El DAS se puede utilizar en combinación con otras medidas antropométricas. Todavía no hay puntos de corte establecidos para la clasificación. El DAS puede ser una alternativa para estimar la grasa visceral, pero el pequeño número de estudios y la falta de consenso sobre la referencia anatómica para el registro de medidas dificultan la determinación del punto de corte para su interpretación.

Univariate and multivariate characterization of male and female chickens belonging to two three-way experimental hybrids developed for producing free range chickens, in comparison with Campero INTA as the reference genotype, both in terms of a set of linear measurements recorded before slaughter as well as with four zoometric indices, revealed an at least partially independent genetic basis for shape and body size. The principal component multivariate analysis of carcass yield at slaughter plus breast, legthigh and abdominal fat proportions evinced the presence of sources of variation for breast and leg-thigh independent of body fat content as well as two sources of variation for breast percentage, one independent and the other negatively associated with leg-thigh proportion. Although the multivariate analysis allowed characterizing the birds of each sex in terms of some particularities of potential selective significance not apparent when using a univariate approach, differences among genetic groups within sex were not remarkable from a productive point of view. Slow-growing type birds evaluated in this study showed a good breast muscle development -unlike the old-fashioned field chickens- maintain the typical sexual dimorphism of the species and exhibit their characteristic “pheasant type” phenotype together with a variable plumage pigmentation different from pure white which identifies and distinguishes them from those hybrids usually exploited by the commercial poultry industry. Regarding slaughter traits both experimental three-way crosses can be considered similar not only between them but also when compare with the reference genetic group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 10-week of endurance training or resistance training on regional and abdominal fat, and in the lipid profile, examining the associations among the changes in body composition, weight, waist circumference and lipid profile. Body composition, waist circumference and lipid profile were analyzed in 26 volunteers healthy young men (age 22.5 4- 1.9 yr), randomly assigned to: endurance group (EG), resistance group (RG) or control group (CG). The EG significantly decreased after training the body weight, body mass index, total body fat and percentage of fat, fat and percentage of fat at the trunk and at the abdominal region and High-Density Lipoprotein. The RG significantly increased total lean mass and decreased total cholesterol, High-Density and Low-Density Lipoprotein. Close relationship were found among changes in weight, total lean mass, regional fat mass, waist circumference and changes in lipid profile (all p < 0.05). We concluded that 10-week of endurance training decreased abdominal and body fat in young men, while 10-week of resistance training increased total lean mass. These types of training had also effects on lipid profile that seem to be to some extent associated to changes in body composition; however it requires additional investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Computerizd tomography (CT) is the gold standard for the evaluation of intra- (IAF) and total (TAF) abdominal fat; however, the high cost of the procedure and exposure to radiation limit its routine use. Objective: To develop equations that utilize anthropometric measures for the estimate of IAF and TAF in obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Methods: The weight, height, BMI, and abdominal (AC), waist (WC), chest (CC), and neck (NC) circumferences of thirty obese women with PCOS were measured, and their IAF and TAF were analyzed by CT. Results: The anthropometric variables AC, CC, and NC were chosen for the TAF linear regression model because they were better correlated with the fat deposited in this region. The model proposed for TAF (predicted) was: 4.63725 + 0.01483 x AC - 0.00117 x NC - 0.00177 CC (R² = 0.78); and the model proposed for IAF was: IAF (predicted) = 1.88541 + 0.01878 x WC + 0.05687 x NC 0.01529 x CC (R²=0.51). AC was the only independent predictor of TAF (p < 0.01). Conclusion: The equations proposed showed good correlation with the real value measured by CT, and can be used in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION: Metabolic syndrome is defined as the simultaneous presence of abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, fasting hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, establishing the diagnosis with the presence of three or more individual disturbances. OBJECTIVES: To determine cardiovascular risk factors present in the population of Guaica. To determine the presence of metabolic syndrome in the population attending a type-I integral rural clinic of Guaica, Venezuela. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A cross-sectional descriptive study. The study population is formed by 80 patients attending a type-I integral rural clinic in Guaica, we proceeded to the measure of blood pressure, abdominal circumference, of fasting capillary glucose and weight. RESULTS: 45% of the studied population had central obesity, hypertension total population was formed by 35%. Fasting hyperglycemia was present in 32.5% and was more prevalent in men. The presence of metabolic syndrome was 31.25% and was more prevalent in women. Finally, 82% of the population has at least one criterion for metabolic syndrome. DISCUSSION: The majority of the studied population has at least one risk factor for metabolic syndrome which was present in 31.25% of the population of Guaica Venezuela. This results take us to make prevention of this disease of public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The following research aims at identifying the relationship between physical activity, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) with hypertension among women. Materials and Methods: It was chosen 145 women submitted to height, BMI, WC and blood pressure measurements. The cut-off points for BMI and WC followed previous definitions shown in literature. The evaluation of physical activity was given by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), short version. The descriptive method, frequency distribution and logistic regression, directed to obtain the Odds Ratio, with confidence interval (CI) of 95% adopting p<0.05, were used. Results: Physical activity did not associate with hypertension, and significant Odds Ratio was found for overweight (OR=6.36; IC=1.49-27.09; p=0.01), obesity (OR=26.70; IC=6.19-115.09; p=0.00) e WC level of action 2 (OR=25.71; IC=6.44-102.70; p=0.00). Discussion: The regular physical activity is recommended for the blood pressure control; nevertheless, this research found no ratio to hypertension, but the anthropometric indexes were efficient on this proposal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Salud Pública is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to determine the relationship between the abdominal obesity and cardiovascular risk factors in apparently healthy subjects from Mexico City. Methods: a total of 186 apparently healthy men and nonpregnant women from Mexico City, were enrolled in a cross-sectional study. A detailed medical history and physical examination were performed. Abdominal obesity was defined by waist circumference = 80 cm for women and = 90 cm for men. Results: a total of 125 women (67.2 %) and 61 men (32.8 %) were enrolled. Of them, 151 (81.2 %) had insulin resistance and 130 (69.9 %) abdominal obesity. Among obese subjects 96 (46.2 %) showed metabolic syndrome. There were a high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (31 %) and low serum levels of HDL-cholesterol (58 %). Conclusions: the used cut point for the abdominal obesity, despite that identified a high proportion of subjects with cardiovascular risk, it did not recognize a high proportion of subjects with disorders in their lipid profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico de corte transversal en adultos con hipertensión arterial dispensarizados del Policlínico Puentes Grandes entre enero y junio de 2005; con el objetivo de establecer la correlación entre las variables lipídicas y antropométricas en pacientes con hipertensión arterial. La frecuencia de alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico se incrementó en la medida en que lo hizo la circunferencia de la cintura y resultó más elevada entre los individuos con obesidad abdominal. Un índice de masa corporal entre 25-29,9 kg/m2 determinó una frecuencia mayor de alteraciones lipídicas, que afectaron más al sexo femenino. Se concluyó que alteraciones del metabolismo lipídico reA cross-sectional epidemiological study was made on hypertensive adults seen at Puentes Grandes polyclinics from January to June, 2005. The aim was to determine the correlation between lipid and anthropometric variables in patients with blood hypertension. The frequency of lipid metabolism disorders increased as much as waist circumference, being more pronounced in individuals having abdominal obesity. Body mass index of 25-29,9 kg/m² determined a higher frequency of lipid alterations that mainly affected females. It was concluded that lipid metabolism disorders were more often in overweighed patients with abdominal obesity. There was high correlation among the studied variables.