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Maize is very important in Brazilian agribusiness: it is the second most produced grain in the country. Crops need to be fertilized, especially with nitrogen, to achieve high yields. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of Azospirillum brasilense in maximizing the use of nitrogen by maize crops after soybean cultivation in the same soil. This study was carried out at the Experimental Farm of the State University of Minas Gerais (UEMG), Passos unit. The experiment consisted of planting maize in the same soil where soybeans had previously been grown, with a strip- and split-plot design. The seeds in one strip were inoculated with Azospirillum brasilense, and those in the other strip were not. Each strip was divided into 24 plots measuring 18 m², which received nitrogen doses as urea (0, 10, 35, 70, 140 and 210 kg ha−1 of N), in four replications. Seed inoculation did not result in statistical differences. The plots that received the treatment with chemical nitrogen fertilization exhibited the same results as those that did not, which can be explained by the previous soybean cultivation letting nitrogen in the soil and/or by the effect of Azospirillum brasilense.

There are various sources concerning the manufacture of Indochinese paper at the be­ginning of the 20th century: articles published in colonial magazines by engineers or by industrial managers working in Indochina, photographs and postcards taken by the colonial services; the work of Henri Oger, administrator of the French civil services stationed in Hanoi between 1912 and 1919; and during a later period and Dard Hunter’s book published in 1947, following a trip he made to Indochina. These sources provide a fairly precise idea of paper production and its social organisation in the region. This article presents the production of paper in the northern part of present-day Vietnam. It attempts to show the links between the Chinese and Tonkinese paper making.

The objective of this study was to evaluate nutrient intake and digestibility, yield and components of milk from Holstein × Zebu cows on Tanzania grass pastures using a fixed-rest period or 95% light interception. The treatments consisted of evaluations of two Tanzania-grass pasture-management strategies: LI95 - when the pasture reached 95% light interception (LI), with 3 paddock-occupation days; and FR - the pasture was managed with a 30-days defoliation interval (DI) and 3 paddock-occupation days. Ten recently calved cows per treatment in year 1 and eight cows per treatment in year 2 were used, i.e. five cows per replicate in year 2 and four cows per replicate in year 2. Intake and digestibility of pasture nutrients, milk yield and milk composition were evaluated. The management strategies imposed on the Tanzania-grass pasture did not affect nutrient intake or digestibility. Milk yield and milk components were not affected by the management strategies, but milk yield per area unit was affected by the use of 95% light interception. The management strategy applying 95% light interception implies greater efficiency in the use of area, which translates to a higher milk yield per unit area, and thus it can be recommended to increase milk yield per area.

The selection of a genotype for lawn use must consider the plant survival rate and its soil covering ability, which is directly influenced by the growth of stolons and rhizomes. This study aimed to evaluate the growth and development of Paspalum accession plugs for turfgrass establishment. Plugs of six prostrate growth accessions of Paspalum lepton (PL 01), P. notatum (from PN 01 to PN 06) and Zoysia japonica (ZJ 01), which was used as the control treatment, were planted adding up to 7 treatments. At 63 days after planting, the survival rate, the number of shoots, the expansion capacity, plant height and soil coverage rate were evaluated. Moreover, at 72 days after planting, fresh and dry leaf, root, rhizome and/or stolon biomass, as well as root length were evaluated. Plugs of PL 01 presented the highest values regarding the number of shoots, the expansion capacity, soil coverage and the development of the root system with the largest biomass production. PL 01 and PN 05 along with ZJ 01 presented a high soil coverage rate and all the P. notatum (PN) accessions together with ZJ 01 maintained a lower plant height, but with a length root system higher than the control treatment ZJ 01. The P. lepton (PL 01) and P. notatum (PN 05) accessions can be recommended for turfgrass establishment using plug propagation methods.