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4 results on '"grey matter thickness"'

1. Brain cortical variability, software, and clinical implications

Author

Mikhael, Shadia S., Pernet, Cyril, and Hernandez, Maria Valdes

Subjects
612.8, cortical, variability, morphometry, grey matter thickness, grey matter volume, white matter surface area
Abstract

It is essential to characterize and quantify naturally occurring morphometric changes in the human brain when investigating the onset or progression of neurodegenerative disorders. The aim of this thesis is to characterize the properties and measure the performance of several popular automated magnetic resonance image analysis tools dedicated to brain morphometry. The thesis begins with an overview of morphometric analysis methods, followed by a literature review focusing on cortical parcellation protocols. Our work identified unanimous protocol weaknesses across all packages in particular issues when addressing cortical variability. The next chapters present a ground truth dataset and a dedicated software to analyse manually parcellated data. The dataset (https://datashare.is.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/2936) includes 10 healthy middle-aged subjects, whose metrics we used as reference against automated tools. To develop the ground truth dataset, we also present a manual parcellation protocol (https://datashare.is.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/3148) providing step-by-step instructions for outlining three cortical gyri known to vary with ageing and dementia: the superior frontal gyrus, the cingulate gyrus and the supramarginal gyrus. The software, Masks2Metrics (https://datashare.is.ed.ac.uk/handle/10283/3018), was built in Matlab to calculate cortical thickness, white matter surface area, and grey matter volume from 3D binary masks. Characterizing these metrics allowed further understanding of the assumptions made by software when creating and measuring anatomical parcels. Next, we present results from processing the raw T1-weighted volumes in the latest versions of several automated image analysis tools-FreeSurfer (versions 5.1 and 6.0), BrainGyrusMapping, and BrainSuite (version 13a)- against our ground truth. Tool repeatability for the same system was confirmed as multiple runs yielded identical results. Compared to our ground truth, the closest results were generated by BrainGyrusMapping for volume metrics and by FreeSurfer 6.0 for thickness and surface area metrics. In conclusion, our work sheds light on the significance of clearly detailed parcellation protocols and accurate morphometric tools due to the implications that they both will have. We therefore recommend extra caution when selecting image analysis tools for a study, and the use of independent publicly available ground truth datasets and metrics tools to assist with the selection process.

Published
2018

2. Performance differences on reading skill measures are related to differences in cortical grey matter structure in young adults

Author

Johns, Clinton, Jahn, Andrew, Jones, Hannah, Kush, Dave, Molfese, Peter, Van Dyke, Julie, Magnuson, James, Tabor, Whitney, Mencl, W., Shankweiler, Donald, and Braze, David

Subjects
neuroimaging, phonological decoding, grey matter volume, supramarginal gyrus, grey matter thickness, reading skills, individual differences, print exposure, structural mri
Abstract

We investigated relations between cortical grey matter structure and individual differences in an array of literacy-related skills in a community-based sample of young adults. Whole-brain analysis revealed several structural correlates of skills related to establishing links between phonological and orthographic information. Decoding ability was positively correlated with grey matter volume (GMV) in left superior temporal sulcus, and grey matter thickness (GMT) in right superior temporal gyrus. Print exposure was negatively correlated with GMT in both left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis) and the left fusiform gyrus (including the visual word form area). Both measures were also related to supramarginal gyrus (SMG), but with differential specificity: decoding was positively associated with GMV in left anterior SMG, and print exposure was negatively associated with GMT in left posterior SMG. These results refine previous functional and clinical findings by suggesting a novel role for left posterior SMG in the development of proficient reading.

Published
2022
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3. The Effect of Ageing-Related Cortical Thickness Asymmetry Loss on Resting-State Effective Connectivity

Author

Korbmacher, Max, Specht, Karsten, and Vaisvilaite, Liucija

Subjects
Grey Matter Thickness, Neuroscience and Neurobiology, Grey Matter Asymmetry, Cognitive Neuroscience, fMRI, Life Sciences, BETULA, Default Mode Network, functional Magnet Resonance Imaging, Ageing, Grey Matter Lateralisation, Grey Matter, Arts and Humanities, Systems Neuroscience, Magnet Resonance Imaging, Central Executive Network, resting state
Abstract

Master's Project at the University of Bergen Student: Max Korbmacher Supervisors: Karsten Specht and Liucija Vaisvilaite

Published
2022
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4. Individual differences in decoding skill, print exposure, and cortical structure in young adults

Author

W. Einar Mencl, Hannah R. Jones, Whitney Tabor, Dave Kush, Andrew Jahn, Peter J. Molfese, Donald Shankweiler, James S. Magnuson, David Braze, Clinton L. Johns, and Julie A. Van Dyke

Subjects
PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Motion Perception, Cognition and Perception, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Vision, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Touch, Taste, and Smell, Audiology, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Language and Linguistics, 0302 clinical medicine, Supramarginal gyrus, Reading (process), PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Audition, grey matter thickness, Psychology, Visual word form area, Young adult, media_common, neuroimaging, 05 social sciences, Cognition, FOS: Psychology, medicine.anatomical_structure, reading skills, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Picture Processing, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Vestibular Systems and Proprioception, Decoding methods, print exposure, structural mri, Linguistics and Language, medicine.medical_specialty, Cognitive Neuroscience, media_common.quotation_subject, supramarginal gyrus, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Psychology|Cognition and Perception, Experimental and Cognitive Psychology, Grey matter, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Embodied Cognition, 050105 experimental psychology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Neuroimaging, medicine, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, individual differences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Perceptual Organization, phonological decoding, grey matter volume, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences, bepress|Social and Behavioral Sciences, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Multisensory Integration, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, PsyArXiv|Social and Behavioral Sciences|Perception|Action
Abstract

This exploratory study investigated relations between individual differences in cortical grey matter structure and young adult readers’ cognitive profiles. Whole-brain analyses revealed neuroanatomical correlations with word and nonword reading ability (decoding), and experience with printed matter. Decoding was positively correlated with grey matter volume (GMV) in left superior temporal sulcus, and thickness (GMT) in right superior temporal gyrus. Print exposure was negatively correlated with GMT in left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis) and left fusiform gyrus (including the visual word form area). Both measures also correlated with supramarginal gyrus (SMG), but in spatially distinct subregions: decoding was positively associated with GMV in left anterior SMG, and print exposure was negatively associated with GMT in left posterior SMG. Our comprehensive approach to assessment both confirms and refines our understanding of the novel relation between the structure of pSMG and proficient reading, and unifies previous research relating cortical structure and reading skill. © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/ 4.0/)

Published
2017

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