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In this paper I will attempt to show how horror movies function as societies' nightmares. They can be interpreted as depictions of our collective struggle to integrate and inevitably repress national trauma. In most psychotherapeutic traditions dreams are regarded as valuable communications from the unconscious and vital for psychological maturation. Among dreams, nightmares often point to indigestible experiences on an individual level. Similarly I will argue that horror movies grapple with our collective traumas and can be interpreted just like dreams. They are our collective nightmares. The logic of this approach is based on psychodynamic and analytic theory and the shared characteristics (isomorphism) of watching a movie and having a dream. Relevant psychodynamic theory and movie analysis will be used to further this point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Happé's Strange Stories task was developed in 1994 to assess theory of mind, the ability to infer mental states in oneself and others. Since then, it has undergone revisions, translations, and adaptations. A modified version of the task, the Strange Stories-Revised (SS-R), previously showed satisfactory qualities in a study aiming at identifying psychometrically acceptable social cognitive measures. Objective: The current study expands upon the psychometric evaluation study by examining the qualities of a short version of the SS-R in a sample of healthy adult subjects. Methods: One hundred and eighteen healthy adults completed the task along with neurocognitive measures. Mean scores of the long and short versions were compared. Associations between ToM as measured by performance on this abbreviated version of the SS-R, and potential confounders were explored. Internal consistency, dimensionality of the short version, and performance comparisons across three stages of aging (18–34; 35–59; 60–85 years old) were investigated, and standard measurement error was calculated to improve precision and data interpretation. Results: Reliability coefficients were comparable in the short and long versions. Principal component analysis showed that a one-factor structure best fits the data. Significant differences were observed in ToM performance across the three age groups, indicating a decline with time that was also captured by the long version, starting during midlife and increasing in significance with age. Conclusion: The short version of the SS-R is a promising measure that can be profitably used in time-limited settings to assess theory of mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the Monge–Ampère equation with three independent variables, which occurs in electron magnetohydrodynamics. A group analysis of this strongly nonlinear partial differential equation is carried out. An eleven-parameter transformation preserving the form of the equation is found. A formula is obtained that permits one to construct multiparameter families of solutions based on simpler solutions. Two-dimensional reductions leading to simpler partial differential equations with two independent variables are considered. One-dimensional reductions are described that permit one to obtain self-similar and other invariant solutions that satisfy ordinary differential equations. Exact solutions with additive, multiplicative, and generalized separation of variables are constructed, many of which admit representation in elementary functions. The obtained results and exact solutions can be used to evaluate the accuracy and analyze the adequacy of numerical methods for solving initial–boundary value problems described by strongly nonlinear partial differential equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports findings from four group experiments in New Caledonia. They have as a common denominator: the 'Intermediate Transcultural Space' as inspired by Winnicott (1971) that all feature the themes of violence, the influence of culture and support group therapy. They all take place over a period of 10 years of practice. I continued to develop each of these group formats until I eventually arrived at an intergenerational, multicultural group for adolescents with a record of violence and criminal offences who fell within the remit of the French Child and Youth Judicial Protection Service along with the Kanak Custody Senate. The group offers an accessible landing stage that allows the young people to move forward along the long road of restoring self-esteem, and transforming their trauma and violent behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the concept of "total situation," which, even though introduced into psychoanalytic thinking via sister disciplines, has gradually acquired a relatively prominent position in therapeutic practice. It is used as a metaphor for the envelopment of the unfolding transferential and otherwise events in the analytic process. Irrespective of whether one focuses on the individual analytic condition or the group analytic one, contemporary psychoanalytic perspectives include both bipersonal unconscious interactions as well as the various levels of the total situation in their conceptualizations of the nature of the process. Such a complex approach can only be achieved through the so-called binocular vision of the analyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long‐held conviction of a mutually exclusive relationship between psychoanalysis, which allegedly proceeds purely in terms of individual psychology, and historical social science, which is interested primarily in the analysis of collectives, has significantly hindered dialogue between the disciplines. Norbert Elias's "figurational" sociology, which has been strongly influenced by psychoanalysis and group therapy, has the potential to indicate a way in which social science‐oriented historical research might investigate the network of relations between individual and "collective" psychic processes without relying on artificial dichotomies. Elias's figurational theory, for its part, does not sufficiently take into account the question of a collective or social unconscious, so this article examines approaches that attempt to explore and conceptually define a supra‐individual unconscious. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the system of non-stationary one-dimensional equations consisting of a parabolic Burgers equation for the velocity of a viscous gas and a hyperbolic Hopf equation for the velocity of solid particles. The Burgers and Hopf equations are connected into a system due to relaxation terms simulating the momentum transfer between the carrier phase (gas) and the dispersed phase (particles). The momentum transfer intensity is inversely proportional to the relaxation time of the particle velocity to the gas velocity (stopping time). A dispersion relation is constructed for this system. A particular solution corresponding to the damping of a low-amplitude sound wave is found. For an infinitely short velocity relaxation time, the effective viscosity of the gas-dust medium is derived, which is determined by the viscosity of the gas and the mass fraction of particles in the mixture. The Lie algebra of symmetries of Burgers–Hopf system is found. Invariant submodels with respect to the basis operators of the symmetry algebra are derived. These submodels are explicitly integrated, except for one that defines stationary motion. For this submodel, a code has been developed for the numerical generation of particular solutions of the system. It is shown that the invariant solution determined by this submodel, in the asymptotic case of infinitely short velocity relaxation time also makes it possible to obtain the effective viscosity of the gas-dust mixture. Moreover, this effective viscosity coincides with the viscosity value determined from the dispersion relation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The total content cΣ of similar organic compounds is conventionally determined without their separation by measuring their generalized spectral signals at one or several analytical wavelengths. The possibility of the correct cΣ estimation with the strongly pronounced intragroup selectivity of signals has not been previously tested. To verify this group analysis option, model hexane solutions of the known composition containing mono-, bi-, and tricyclic arenes at cΣ ~ 10–4 mol/dm3 simultaneously have been analyzed. At a fixed wavelength, the molar absorptivities of arenes with different numbers of rings differ by two to three orders of magnitude. Two options of group analysis have been compared: (i) measuring the generalized signal of arenes at 260 nm with the subsequent calculation of the result using the univariate calibration in terms of naphthalene or anthracene and (ii) measuring the generalized signals at m wavelengths in the spectral range of 250–290 nm with the subsequent calculation of the result using the inverted multivariate calibration. The first method (the calculation of the total index) has led to large systematic errors, sometimes over 100% in the absolute value, which do not decrease upon variation in the wavelength and nature of a standard substance. The second method has ensured more correct results, and already at m = 11, the errors of group analysis have been no more than 10%. Thus, at the strongly pronounced intragroup selectivity of the signals, the group analysis can and should be carried out using inverted multivariate calibrations. It has been established that the errors of cΣ estimation sharply grow if a sample contains components of a desired group that were not taken into account when constructing the inverted calibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the group structure of the Guéant–Pu equation of the fractional order with respect to the price of the underlying asset variable. It is one of the models of the dynamics of options pricing, taking into account transaction costs. The search for continuous groups of linearly autonomous equivalence transformations is carried out. The equivalence transformations found are used in constructing a group classification (within the framework of linearly autonomous transformations) of the equation under consideration with a nonlinear function in the right side of the equation as a free element. In the case of a nonzero risk-free rate, it is shown that two cases of Lie algebras of the equation under study are possible: two-dimensional in the case of a special type of free element and one-dimensional in the remaining cases. If the risk-free rate is zero, there are four variants of the Lie algebra, which can be two-, three-, or four-dimensional. In the future, we assume to use the obtained group classification in calculating invariant solutions and conservation laws of the model under study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transference phenomena such as bodily sensations, feelings and associations that observers experience in themselves have already been shown in previous studies to be suitable for learning more about processes in analytic groups. For this study, we compared the manifest interactions of around 100 participants in a large group that took place in Altaussee, Austria, in spring of 2022 in the context of the Covid pandemic and the Russian threat of war with the content-analyzed perceptions of 10 observers. Above all, it proved important to express and share personal fears – according to the observers' associations, the group became a mirror of society affected by the pandemic, war and the movement of refugees. The mature processing of the threatening feelings of fear and anger is striking. Divisions are dissolved, images of the enemy are scrutinized and aspects of own perpetratorship are recognized. In the group, it is possible to look together at the threatening aspects, which is also reflected in the transference feelings of the observers. Parallel to a case-by-case „regression in the service of the ego", evil-punishing superego parts are weakened: not being allowed to feel good oneself in times of war and global crisis. Some aspects of the manifest group harmony were perceived by the observers as exaggerated, some aspects of the regression as denying reality, some aspects of the insular setting as sectarian. In a mature way of dealing with external pressures, the knowledge of threats seems to be shifted from the constantly agonizingly conscious to the co-conscious, where it remains available when needed without dominating the state of mind. At the same time, it is not blocked from perception, i.e. it is not denied, split off and repressed. Tolerance of ambiguity is developed as a resource that strengthens personal resilience and everyday competence in society: the participants reflect on their basic ethical attitude of human solidarity as well as their ability to abstain from unproductive actionism as well as their ability to endure powerlessness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-level sports competitions involve facing highly challenging situations. Athletes must maintain strong team cohesion with peers, have specific mental abilities, and high-stress control to overcome adversity and report high sports performance. This research aimed to identify team cohesion profiles and examine whether participants differed significantly in their mental abilities and stress management. The sample consisted of 146 promising and talented athletes from the Sports Talent Development of the Provincial Council of Guipúzcoa (Spain) (Mage = 20.08; SD = 4.68), who completed the questionnaire on Psychological Characteristics Related to Sports Performance (CPRD). Cluster analyzes revealed three profiles; (a) profile with low team cohesion; (b) profile with average team cohesion; (c) profile with high team cohesion. Results showed significant differences in mental abilities (i.e., positive self-talk), and marginally significant differences in self-confidence, between the profiles. The best scores were reported in profile (b). In conclusion, the combination of low individualism, high social cohesion, and medium team spirit seems to be the most recommendable for promoting mental abilities and self-confidence in athletes' samples. As practical implications, the programs that train the mental abilities of athletes and control management should consider the importance of team cohesion to obtain improvements in the results of the competitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The green and low-carbon development of industrial parks plays an important role in promoting industrial and technological agglomeration, How to optimise their green and low-carbon development pathways is an important management question to be answered, requiring the examination of multiple path based on a histological perspective. Based on the technology–organisation–environment framework, this study selected 29 state-level economic and technological development zones (ETDZs) in China as research objects, and explored multiple sets of paths using fuzzy set qualitative comparison and necessity-contribution analysis. The study found that: 1) four promotion paths can be adopted for green low-carbon development of the zones: endogenous drive, balanced promotion, core support drive and comprehensive drive; 2) single environmental factor does not constitute a bottleneck hindering the green low-carbon development of the zones, which should be combined with the actual situation of the zones, and the balanced enhancement of the effectiveness of green and low-carbon should be realised through measures such as industrial policy, environmental risk prevention, and performance assessment of green policies. Finally, the study proposes the following policy recommendations: industrial parks should focus on the key role of environmental risk prevention, apply a combination of measures in accordance with their own realities, and appropriate external pressure can help promote green and low-carbon development.

As digital technology continues to evolve, the fusion of traditional cultural heritage with digital media art design has emerged as a crucial demand and innovative mode of expression. Within the context of digital art leadership, this study delves into the contemporary reinterpretation of traditional rural culture. By examining how rural traditional culture is portrayed under the guidance of digital art, we use the digital culture museum—which embodies both digital and rural traditional cultures—as a case study. A specifically designed questionnaire was employed to assess the effectiveness of this modern reinterpretation. Subsequently, key indicators influencing the efficacy of the contemporary translation of rural traditional culture were identified. The fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis was utilized to conduct group analyses, aiming to delineate the pathways that could enhance the contemporary reinterpretation of rural traditional culture. The findings reveal that rural traditional culture, under the stewardship of digital art, achieves a more effective modern reinterpretation. Notably, over 85% of respondents exhibited a positive response to the amalgamation of digital art with traditional culture in museums, expressing a preference to engage with traditional cultural content through this medium. The analysis of pathways to enhance the modern translation of rural traditional culture showed overall consistency and coverage rates of 0.921 and 0.695, respectively. The integration of tradition with modernity, alongside enhanced interactivity and participation, are identified as pivotal elements in augmenting the modern reinterpretation of rural traditional culture.

This paper first constructs a basic framework for digital governance of platform-type organizations and explores the application of digital governance of platform-type organizations and the social governance process from the three dimensions of the logic of efficiency, the logic of legitimacy, and the logic of social relations. Then, the driving elements of digital governance of platform-based organizations are studied using the fsQCA method and QCA analysis, and the influence of social synergy and people’s participation on the effectiveness of digital governance of platform-based organizations is analyzed. The results show that attention allocation, social governance resources, digital governance capacity, social digital environment, cultural openness, peer competition pressure, and innovation environment need to reach at least 94.5%, 79.53%, 75.4%, 81.5%, 77.5%, 78.35%, and 78.33% of the social governance quality bottleneck level, respectively. This research paper explores the drivers and influencers of platform governance performance, which helps to identify the patterns of platform operations.

This paper combines the DEA-Malmquist index model and the fsQCA method, and applies them together in studying the exploration of digital transformation paths of small and medium-sized enterprises. First, the data of a traditional company from 2018 to 2022 is selected as the initial research sample, and the data of the sample enterprise is organized. Then, according to the data type of each condition and result, the data were converted into affiliation scores by applying the direct calibration method. The calibrated data were entered into the fsQCA 3.0 software for the necessary conditions test, and the sufficiency antecedent group state analysis was performed for high-level digital transformation. Finally, the performance of enterprises after digital transformation was analyzed in terms of 2 aspects: profitability and operational capacity. The results show that there are 4 paths of high-level digital transformation for SMEs: aspiring firm-led, aspiring government-led, aspiring firm-against-against-against-government synergistic and aspiring firm-against-efficient-market synergistic. The operating margin of transformed enterprises is significantly higher than that of non-transformed and the industry average, with a minimum value of 6.51% in 2021, which is much higher than that of non-transformed. The operating cycle of pre-transformation firms stays at 100-240 days in 2018-2022, which is significantly higher than the level of 80-100 days in the post-transformation period.

On a Lie group, we introduce a family of group-invariant metrics and show that the curves invariant under this group are spirals in all the introduced metrics (i.e., they have constant curvatures). An important role is played by an algebra, which we call dual, defined on the same group. The main relation between these algebras is that the trajectories of the one-parameter groups generated by one algebra are invariant curves in the metric that is invariant under the other algebra. The fact that these curves are spirals distinguishes our approach from that of Cartan, who considered the trajectories of one-parameter groups as geodesics in some metric. The presented results are related to the analysis of the geometric meaning of the previously obtained classification of one-dimensional kinetic equations, where invariant curves are the trajectories of particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a reflection on the context from which group analysis emerged in Britain during the Second World War. Edward Glover's objections to the work of army psychiatry in a radio broadcast in November 1943, and the difficult collaboration between the War Office and psychiatrists as they sought to develop officer selection and training procedures, influenced developments in psychoanalysis, including the emergence of group analysis. It considers the response of the British Psychoanalytical Society whose members were engaged in army psychiatry work alongside colleagues from the Tavistock Clinic. Bion's and Rickman's collaboration and the experiments at Northfield were an outcome. The abrupt ending of the first Northfield experiment, and the development of psychiatry more broadly, prompted serious questioning within the Society about its isolationalist policies. The Society's move to develop its training role, and to participate in post war health, mental health and welfare services was a result. Not only did it ensure the Society's survival, but enhanced the emergence of group analysis as a discipline within the psychoanalytic project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: Smoking has been reported to be a risk factor for a variety of diseases. In Japan, the Brief Job Stress Questionnaire (BJSQ) has been administered by the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare since December 2015, but few reports have focused on its relationship with smoking. We investigated the current situation of smokers among staff of Kagoshima University who underwent a medical check-up. Patients and Methods: Of 2,478 people who underwent a medical check-up in May and June 2021, we targeted 2,237 workers who reported whether they smoked. We examined results of the medical check-up and BJSQ and the background of smokers (n=139, 6.2%). We compared smokers and non-smokers (n=2,098) using propensity score matching (PSM) for sex, age, drinking habits, medication for dyslipidaemia, and overtime working hours at a 1:1 ratio. Results: The results showed that white blood cell count (p=0.044), platelet count (p<0.001), glutamyl transferase (p=0.023), and triglyceride (p=0.027) were significantly higher among current smokers in comparison with current non-smokers. Smokers reported significantly more stress than non-smokers in terms of social support (p=0.027). Conclusion: As a result of PSM, several blood test items related to non-communicable diseases (lifestyle-related diseases) showed high values in current smokers, and these individuals reported significantly more stress than non-smokers. According to the emphasis on group analysis in the Total Health Promotion Plan revised in 2020, our findings can be helpful in enhancing smoking cessation programs in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, I will present a personal journey of making sense of the experience of sibling abortion under China's Once-child Policy and transgenerational trauma related to China's Cultural Revolution in a group analysis training group. The first part of this paper will reflect on and analyse how groups helped me to claim the identity as a mourner, allowed both the presence and absence of my unborn brother to become real, and offered me reparative family relationships when I dealt with my grief. Drawing on the concept of large-group identity and transgenerational transmission, the second part of this paper will explore how experiences in groups enabled me to discover and understand the transgenerational transmission of trauma related to the Cultural Revolution in my family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origins of the Mexican people and their impact on their social unconscious have been presented in the first part of this article. This second part starts with a discussion of the unavoidable need to include the political dimension in any group-analytic theory and enquiry. It then sketches the socio-political evolution of the country up to the present and its impact on the collective mood and relations among individuals and groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social unconscious of a country or people is shaped by their origins and by the major collective traumatic experiences of their past. In the case of Mexico, this has been the trauma of the Spanish Conquest, that aimed to subjugate its originary peoples and obliterate their whole culture, language, and religion, which nonetheless subsisted subterraneously, syncretized with those of their invaders. It was a veritable genocide, both physical and cultural. The Mexican population was born from the mating of a brutal foreign conqueror and a subjected native woman, resulting in mestization, both physical and cultural. The psychic and social aftermath of these origins has been a deep ambivalence of Mexicans towards their identity and the foreign invader. This is similar to the fate of the unwelcome and abused child described by Ferenczi. Such underlying factors, derived from the collective history of peoples should be taken into account in any psychoanalytic or group-analytic enquiry of individual patients and groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: supervision; ethics; psychoanalysis; group analysis; training thinking; reciprocity; mutuality; co-creation EN supervision ethics psychoanalysis group analysis training thinking reciprocity mutuality co-creation 90 95 6 03/31/23 20230301 NES 230301 I am pleased to have the opportunity to respond to Farad Dalal's provocative paper: The Ethics of Supervision ([2]). In fact, one of the elements that Dalal misses by addressing all types of supervision at the same time is the one enormous characteristic of supervision in training. In this paper, Dalal turned his considerable intellect to the question of the 'ethics I of i supervision, rather than ethical issues in supervision'. Supervision, ethics, psychoanalysis, group analysis, training thinking, reciprocity, mutuality, co-creation. [Extracted from the article]

A partial case of the Guéant–Pu model of options pricing, which takes into account transaction costs and the impact of operations on the market in the absence of a permanent market impact, is considered. Three recursion operators for the considered equation are found using P. Olver's criterion. An hierarchy of generalized symmetries for the model is constructed using the recursion operators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the bridge technical evaluation work, there is a lack of matching degree between the bridge parts and component weights and the actual situation. Analytic hierarchy process (AHP), expert group analysis and entropy weight method were used to build a comprehensive analysis system of bridge parts and component weights. The “subjective weight” of bridge parts and components was obtained through AHP and expert group analysis. The “objective weight” of bridge parts and components was obtained by using entropy weight method to analyze the bridge structure health monitoring data. The bridge parts and components weight system that considers both subjective and objective factors is obtained through weight fusion. Taking the Qingzhou Channel Bridge of Hong Kong Zhuhai Macao Bridge as the analysis object, the weight system was given by comparing the current bridge technical status evaluation standards. The results show that the weight value obtained by the group analysis method is basically consistent with the standard weight value. The weight value of superstructure obtained by entropy weight method is slightly larger than the standard weight value, and the weight value of substructure and bridge deck system is basically the same. The weight value of the superstructure obtained by the weight fusion method is too large, the weight value of the bridge deck system is too small, and the weight value of the substructure is basically the same. The analysis results obtained by weight fusion comprehensively consider the subjective and objective factors, which are closer to the actual situation of the project and reasonably reflect the weight of bridge parts and components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When dealing with complex functional brain networks, group analysis still represents an open issue. In this paper, we investigated the potential of an innovative approach based on PARAllel FActorization (PARAFAC) for the extraction of the grand average connectivity matrices from both simulated and real datasets. The PARAFAC approach was solved using three different numbers of rank-one tensors (PAR-FACT). Synthetic data were parametrized according to different levels of three parameters: network dimension (NODES), number of observations (SAMPLE-SIZE), and noise (SWAP-CON) in order to investigate the way they affect the grand average estimation. PARAFAC was then tested on a real connectivity dataset, derived from EEG data of 17 healthy subjects performing wrist extension with left and right hand separately. Findings on both synthetic and real data revealed the potential of the PARAFAC algorithm as a useful tool for grand average extraction. As expected, the best performances in terms of FPR, FNR, and AUC were achieved for great values of sample size and low noise level. A crucial role has been revealed for the PAR-FACT parameter, revealing that an increase in the number of rank-one tensors solving the PARAFAC problem leads to an increase in FPR values and, thus, to a worse grand average estimation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Samples of complex composition usually contain similar organic compounds, molecules of which differ in the composition and structure but are characterized by common features (structural, functional, chemical analytical, etc.), uncharacteristic for other compounds. summary concentration of similar compounds are figures of the group composition of a studied sample. Procedures for their determination are widely used in analytical control and research laboratories. A special type of chemical analysis, group analysis (GA) was developed by the end of the 20th century. Structural group analysis (SGA) is considered an important special case of GA. Unfortunately, the methodological and metrological aspects of GA and SGA have been studied insufficiently. A conventional system of terms in this field also has not been developed. This paper considers the system of terms and the history GA, principles of group formation, and methods of the assessment of summary concentration. The unresolved problems of GA are emphasized. These are the uncertainty of the qualitative composition of groups, hindering the interpretation of the results of group analysis, and also intragroup selectivity and nonadditivity of the analytical signals. Possible solutions of these problems are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Group analysis (or group analytic psychotherapy) is a group psychotherapy technique. For group members, successful treatment in a group is also connected with the therapist's preparatory tasks relating to group development, which primarily refers to the selection of group members and their preparation. The development of a group can be viewed through various stages of group development. Each subsequent stage of group development is shaped and built upon the successfully mastered previous stage. Early developmental failures will, therefore, become visible through further group existence and group dynamics. The purpose of this paper is to present the course of a group process and events in the group in relation to the exclusion of a suicidal member. The first part of the presentation refers to the exclusion of the member, while the second part includes a later group period when consequences referring to the slow dethronement of the conductor and the slow working of the negative part of transference are still present, in addition to the development of the scapegoat phenomenon. The dethronement of the conductor, the working of the aggressive/negative part of transference and finding of a scapegoat are characteristics of the second phase of group development, which in this case was prolonged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In graph theory, complex structures are studied, as well as the dynamics of the connectivity strength of this structure. However, in the estimation procedure, particular characteristics need to be considered at some level as informative when estimating the characteristics of a group. This work proposes a model that provides dynamic estimation of the network structure based on a model that makes it possible to incorporate hierarchy (individual information) in the process. In addition, we show the feasibility of modeling a complex structure by levels, exemplifying this by cluster analysis as a visualization of the embedding projection reduction space. Our case study is a neuroscience experiment, which needs to estimate the brain connectivity map, that is, to study the information flow of the brain in resting-stage subjects. Methods for estimating group networks can be grouped into the following 4 categories: group-structure (GS), virtual-typical-subject (VTS), common-structure (CS), and individual-structure (IS). These four group-structure estimation methods were compared in the context of the Multiregression Dynamic Models. Results showed that the proposed Bayesian Network Structure Dynamic estimation, using GS and hierarchical dynamic models, accommodates the latent/personal information in the estimation process by extracting the pattern shared between them. Moreover, the cluster analysis estimation corroborates the empirical results and expert judgments. • New statistical methodological dynamic Bayesian Network structure estimation. • The Brain Group Hierarchical Dynamic Model accommodating latent/personal Brain information. • Embedding projection reduction space visualization, via cluster analysis. • Four BN group-structure estimation methods are compared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two‐dimensional two‐temperature nonstationary gas dynamics equations with the relaxation Landau–Teller equation are considered in the paper. The group analysis method is applied to the study these equations. The admitted Lie groups are found for two modifications of relaxation time. Optimal systems of one‐ and two‐dimensional subalgebras are constructed for the group corresponding to the case of varying relaxation time which is closer to the case of ideal gas dynamics. Solutions with two and one independent invariant variables are derived using the optimal systems of admitted Lie algebras. The corresponding reduced systems were numerically calculated and compared with numerical solutions of analogous problems for classical gas dynamics equations. The differential conservation laws which present the fundamental properties of two‐temperature gas dynamics equations are also obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inverted multivariate calibration methods are used for the spectrometric determination of the total concentration (cΣ) of substances of the same type in environmental samples and food products. They represent сΣ as a sum of generalized signals (Aj), measured at different wavelengths (λj) and multiplied by corresponding regression coefficients (kj). The values of kj are found using chemometric algorithms based on the absorption spectra of mixtures of the known composition included in the training set. At the additive absorbance of mixtures, this method of group analysis gives rather accurate results. The ability of determining the total concentration of analytes with nonadditive absorbance in this way is unobvious; this case has not been studied. The aim of this study was to test the applicability of inverted calibrations for the nonadditive absorbance of analytes. Mixtures of complex compounds of Cu, Co, Ni, Zn, and Pb with the photometric reagent 4-(2-pyridylazo)resorcinol (PAR) were used as model samples. Aqueous solutions of these complexes at pH 10 have rather similar absorption spectra with maxima at 490–530 nm. In the absorption spectra of many solutions containing ions of these metals and an excess of PAR, we observed statistically significant (up to 30 rel %) positive deviations from additivity. To construct an inverted calibration, 14 mixtures with a known total metal concentration (сΣ from 8 to 25 µmol/L) were used; their absorbance was measured at six wavelengths. The least-squares estimates of regression coefficients were found using the Microsoft Excel software. Based on the resulting calibration, the cΣ values were calculated for mixtures of test samples. Relative errors in determining сΣ did not exceed 8 rel % at RSD < 4%, and the systematic errors were statistically insignificant. A further increase in the number of analytical wavelengths and the size of the training set did not decrease the errors significantly. Thus, inverted calibrations are applicable to the determination of the total concentrations of similar substances with both additive and nonadditive absorbances of the sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accumulating evidence points toward an association between older age and performance decrements in social cognition (SC). We explored age-related variations in four components of SC: emotion recognition, theory of mind, social judgment, and blame attributions. A total of 120 adults divided into three stages (18–34 years, 35–59 years, 60–85 years) completed a battery of SC. Between and within age-group differences in SC were investigated. Path analyses were used to identify relationships among the components. Emotion recognition and theory of mind showed differences beginning either in midlife, or after. Blame attributions and social judgment did not show a significant difference. However, social judgment varied significantly within groups. Path models revealed a relationship between emotion recognition and theory of mind. Findings highlight age-related differences in some components and a link between two components. Strategies promoting social functioning in aging might help to maintain or improve these abilities over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conference 'Life and death of psychoanalytic societies: lessons from history and new prospects for unions' was held on 23-24th January 2021 online via Zoom with the main location in Kyiv, Ukraine. It was the Ist conference initiated by the Division 'Psychoanalytic Psychology and Psychotherapy' of the National Psychological Association of Ukraine, a new valid member of the European Federation of Psychologists' Associations (EFPA). The organisers of the conference managed to involve 62 colleagues from different psychoanalytic societies from Ukraine, Italy, Japan, and Armenia. 6 institutions became the co-organizers of the conference. The conference created a place for psychoanalysts to reflect fruitfully on the history and the present functioning of psychoanalytic societies and to discuss current challenges and future prospects for the unions. The generous exchange of thoughts and the atmosphere of acceptance of otherness established a favourable platform for psychic investment in the future of psychoanalytic societies in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After an introduction by Pier Francesco Galli, the paper presented at a meeting entitled “Ten years of groups in Italy”, organized by Enzo Spaltro (1929-2021) in Milan in May 1970, is published. These are the themes that are discussed, among others: the role of the intellectual, and in particular of the psychoanalyst, in a society in transformation and which is modernizing; the function of group psychological and psychotherapeutic techniques and their possible use in a manipulative way; the importation of theories and techniques and the problem of possible cultural “colonization” by other countries; industrial and organizational psychology and the role of the psychologist in companies; and so on. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What perceptions do group participants have about silent observers, what transferences are involved, what function can the listeners have for the group? In an anonymous survey and evaluation based on content analysis, almost all participants reported positive, and two thirds also negative impressions and perceptions. Observers were perceived as being familiar or supportive and as threatening or constraining to an approximately equal extent. There was no outright demonization or perception of a divide between the group leader(s) and the observers, as described in the older literature. Group participants also appear to perceive observers as representatives of their own superego, which are 'silenced'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Few studies have investigated the influence of COVID-19 conspiracy theories on digital contact-tracing adoption and the differentiated uptake of digital contact-tracing by COVID-19 risk factor and by exposure risk. Methods Using a cross-sectional survey conducted in France in November 2020 (N  = 1042), we investigate the factors associated with the use of the French 'TousAntiCovid' contact-tracing application. Our independent variables of interest include COVID-19 and 'TousAntiCovid' perceptions, trust in the government, time and risk preferences and the level of adherence to COVID-19 conspiracy theories. We conduct regression analyses by COVID-19 risk factor and exposure groups. Results Among the full sample, a negative association is found between the propensity to believe in COVID-19 conspiracy theories and the use of 'TousAntiCovid'. French respondents at risk of severe COVID-19 form are more likely to use 'TousAntiCovid'. No difference in uptake is found by exposure group. Group analyses indicate that the factors associated with the uptake of digital contact-tracing differ by COVID-19 risk factor and exposure risk. Conclusion Governmental communication to fight COVID-19 misinformation and to stress out the utility and data safety of 'TousAntiCovid' should be reinforced. Targeted communication campaigns should be conducted among low adoption groups and key groups in COVID-19 transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monthly particle-phase ambient samples collected at six sampling locations in Yuxi, a high-altitude city on the edge of Southeast Asia, were measured for particle-associated PAHs. As trace substances, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are susceptible to the influences of meteorological conditions, emissions, and gas-particulate partitioning and it is challenging job to precise quantify the source and define the transmission path. The daily concentrations of total PM2.5-bound PAHs ranged from 0.65 to 80.76 ng/m3, with an annual mean of 11.94 ng/m3. Here, we found that the concentration of PM2.5-bound PAHs in winter was significantly higher than that in summer, which was mainly due to source and meteorology influence. The increase of fossil combustion and biomass burning in cold season became the main contributors of PAHs, while precipitation and low temperature exacerbated this difference. According to the concentration variation trend of PM2.5-bound PAHs and their relationship with meteorological conditions, a new grouping of PAHs is applied, which suggested that PAHs have different environmental fates and migration paths. A combination of source analysis and trajectory model supported local sources from combustion of fossil fuel and vehicle exhaust contributed to the major portion on PAHs in particle, but on the Indochina Peninsula the large number of pollutants emitted by biomass burning during the fire season would affect the composition of PAHs through long-range transporting. Risk assessment in spatial and temporal variability suggested that citizens living in industrial areas were higher health risk caused by exposure the PM2.5-bound PAHs than that in other regions, and the risk in winter was three times than in summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: Introducción y objetivo: A pesar de que el término hepatocarcinoma se utiliza para designar tumores primarios hepáticos, su etiología, variación geográfica, comportamiento y asociación con alteraciones genéticas específicas hace de esta una enfermedad con elevada heterogeneidad. El objetivo de esta investigación es establecer características clínicas que permitan definir conglomerados homogéneos utilizando análisis de clúster. Materiales y métodos: Esta investigación desarrolló un análisis exploratorio de clúster utilizando el método K-means para subclasificar a 119 casos de pacientes con hepatocarcinoma de los cuales 62 cumplieron con criterios de inclusión y no de exclusión. Para el análisis de clúster se definió un espacio N dimensional donde N fue igual al número de variables incluidas en el estudio (N̊=̊17), las coordenadas espaciales correspondieron a cualquier magnitud posible entre el valor mínimo y el máximo de las variables incluidas (edad, volumen tumoral, AFP, AST, BD, Alb, Na, INR, Cr, HBV, OH, NASH, tumor Múltiple, Neo, HCV, Sexo, Cirrosis). Resultados: Se identificaron cuatro patrones con características clínicas homogéneas en los cuales la edad de presentación, el antecedente de infección por virus de hepatitis B, la alteración del perfil hepático con dominancia colestásica y los bajos niveles de albúmina se asociaron con un aparente peor pronóstico. Conclusión: Se demuestra cómo la heterogeneidad en hepatocarcinoma puede reducirse utilizando métodos de aprendizaje no supervisado para definir subgrupos específicos, en los cuales los mecanismos fisiopatológicos descritos puedan explicar mejor el comportamiento tumoral y definir determinantes pronósticos relacionados con los subgrupos. Abstract: Introduction and objective: Even though the term hepatocellular carcinoma designates the most common type of primary liver cancer, the disease has a high level of heterogeneity due to its etiology, geographic variation, behavior, and association with specific genetic alterations. The aim of the present study was to establish, through a cluster analysis, the clinical characteristics that enable homogeneous conglomerates to be defined. Materials and methods: An exploratory cluster analysis was developed utilizing the K-means method for sub-classifying 119 cases of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Sixty-two of those patients met the inclusion criteria, as well as none of the exclusion criteria. For the cluster analysis, an n-dimensional space was defined, in which n was equal to the number of variables included in the study (n = 17). The spatial coordinates corresponded to any possible magnitude between the minimum and maximum values of the variables analyzed (age, sex, tumor volume, AFP, AST, DB, Alb, Na, INR, Cr, HBV, HCV, OH, NASH, cirrhosis, multiple tumors, and neotumor). Results: Four patterns with homogeneous clinical characteristics were identified, in which age at presentation, history of hepatitis B virus infection, altered liver profile with cholestatic dominance, and low albumin levels were associated with an apparently worse outcome. Conclusion: How heterogeneity in hepatocellular carcinoma could be reduced was shown through utilizing an unsupervised learning method to define specific subgroups, in whom known pathophysiologic mechanisms could better explain tumor behavior and define the determining prognostic factors related to the subgroups.

Objective: Group‐analytic psychotherapy is probably the most commonly used psychodynamic group therapy in Europe. This paper describes focused group analytic psychotherapy (FGAP), a new time–limited version of this therapy, based on clinical experience and research. The therapy/suitability of patients: It is relatively structured and individually oriented, and designed for patients with a certain ability to tolerate internal and external stress, without decompensating or developing serious behavioral disturbances (they should have a limited degree of personality pathology). Patients entering FGAP should establish a circumscribed therapy focus ahead of therapy, based on some dysfunctional patterns of interpersonal problems, conflicts, and/or symptoms related to a psychodynamic hypothesis/case formulation. Selection/preparation: The paper describes patient selection and preparation, the evolvement of the group process, and how therapist and other group members interact/intervene. Clinical material/vignettes: Central elements in the evaluation and aspects of the therapy are described and illustrated with an extensive case description and clinical material and vignettes from the group process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined how people living with schizophrenia recognize their lived experiences in free-floating group discussions. Interpretative phenomenological and group analyses were employed to collect qualitative data from 14 patients. The identified superordinate theme was "re-figuration of suffering" including: "being treated as an object," "encountering the self through others," and "returning to the self." Participants shared their traumatizing stories of being alienated, discovered the realities of their lives and responsibilities through inward and outward observations, and progressed to a self-returning stage while regaining their appreciation of others and hope for the future. The contributions of psychiatric nursing practice were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Against the background of an interview study, which starts from the retrospectively reported group experience and analyzes it qualitatively, the concept of the difficult group situation (SG) will first be proposed. SG are understood as potential breaking points where the helpful alliance is particularly challenged. Following on from this, it is examined how the patients dealt with the SG. Five subgroups are described, each dealing differently with the SG. SG can lead to retreats but can also cause learning processes as a challenge. SG are influenced by the leadership style, the type of group members and individual psychodynamic readiness. Therapeutically it is important to anticipate, accompany and post-process SG, if necessary also to support the patients in supplementary individual discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews significant aspects of the work of Trigant Burrow (1875–1950), an early psychoanalyst who, while less well known than many of his contemporaries, was, as a number of commentators have argued, well ahead of his time. This article discusses four areas of his theory: the preconscious, the nest instinct, and the love subject; primary unity, primary intersubjectivity, and the "I" persona; social images, social neurosis, and the social unconscious; and, finally, group, community, and society. The article argues that the study of Burrow's work is important, firstly, in recognizing the historical antecedents of what may be viewed as a social turn in both psychoanalysis and psychotherapy; and, secondly, in helping psychoanalytic thinking to be more open to diversity with regard to marginalized theory and people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author of this article poses three inter-related themes. 1) The primacy of the death instinct that accounts for destructivity in groups and, especially, for anti-Semitism. 2) There is a blind spot in group analysis that conceals the importance of anti-Semitism in its inception and history, which he deems to be largely derived from Foulkes's idealization of groups and denial of their destructive potential. Hence, anti-Semitism is part of the foundation matrix of group analysis. 3) Group analytical practice, right down to its clinical details, can be understood as a performative realization of the rabbinic Jewish tradition. The present reviewer disagrees with these three points and expounds the reasons for this. However, he welcomes the opportunity it provides to engage in a most needed critical discussion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]