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Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents a qualitative study based on focus groups, whose main objective is to analyze the perceptions that different groups of people with disabilities have regarding the products and services offered by companies in the tourism sector, with emphasis on the images they project, the accessibility information they transmit and the communication and provision of services once the person is at the destination. The results point to the need for a systemic, integral and structural change in the sector that takes into account the intrinsic diversity of citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: One of the effects of the internal war in Colombia was to hinder the expression of the social conflict and of the organizations that mobilize the popular sectors. The plebiscite to ratify the Peace Accord aimed at putting an end to the war was a politically polarized juncture channeled through the electoral process. The shift in the centrality of the issue of the internal war after the signing of the Accord opened the possibility of expression of the social conflict. However, in a country with weak social and political organizations to shape this conflict, it is expressed: 1) without politically aligned framings; 2) as a generalized discontent with the elites and a feeling of "tilted playing field". Therefore, political polarization after the plebiscite is low. We develop this argument based on the analysis of voters' positions in relation to the most important issues of the political agenda: Peace Agreement, redistributive agenda (taxes and welfare) and governmental management of the COVID pandemic, and gender agenda. Methodology: The article is based on 16 focus groups conducted between September and November 2021 in three regions of Colombia --Bogotá, Antioquia and the Caribbean-- in which voters from the two main 2018 electoral options participated, with gender balance and variation in occupation and between middle and lower classes. Conclusion: The data show that there is no political polarization at the citizen level. Instead, a high level of discontent towards political and economic elites is observed, which may be at the basis of electoral support for Petro in 2022. Originality: The article offers an alternative look at the perception that many Colombians have that they live in a polarized society and contributes to the understanding of electoral support for an "anti-system" force in the 2022 election. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Latino Studies is the property of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigacion & Educacion en Enfermeria is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Enfermeria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper investigates the impact of the introduction in Primary and Secondary Education of a musical repertoire based on the musical preferences of the students. Starting from a socio-critical position and through an interpretative methodological process by means of a multi-case study, the aim is to analyse how the implementation of dialogical music gatherings affects classroom dynamics and whether this didactic strategy can facilitate a change towards a critical music education. Six cases are studied in six schools, both primary and secondary. The information was obtained from focus groups with students and researchers, research diaries, playlists and conversations held on a social network. After analysing the data, the focus is on a) what the students listen to and how this shapes their identity; b) the topics discussed after listening; c) the educational changes after the implementation of the tertulias and their strengths; and d) the difficulties encountered. This study is in line with some of the findings of previous research and can help teachers and researchers to open up more democratic, open, committed, reflective and critical educational-musical scenarios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El objetivo del artículo que se presenta es mostrar la importancia de las redes sociales virtuales y el uso, sobre todo social, que hacen las y los jóvenes preparatorianos hidalguenses en la construcción de una ciudadanía global. Para dar cuenta de ello se realizó una investigación, cuya metodología fue mixta, es decir, cuantitativa a través de una encuesta, y cualitativa mediante 3 grupos focales. El cuestionario atendió a los siguientes tópicos: conectividad, uso de redes sociales, actividades en ellas, reacciones y perspectivas. Los grupos focales atendieron a tres bloques: redes sociales, política y ciudadanía, ciudadanía y ciudadanía global. Los principales hallazgos encontrados fueron que el uso de las redes sociales entre los jóvenes está muy extendido, sobre todo en páginas de entretenimiento, reaccionando y difundiendo aproximadamente la mitad de los encuestados a temas de derechos humanos, y menor medida hacen un uso de ellas para la discusión y el activismo social, a pesar de que mayoritariamente consideran que generan dinámicas de movilización social, solidaridad global, pensamiento crítico y que pueden ayudar a generar una sociedad más democrática. Estos datos extraídos del análisis de datos de la encuesta se complementan con la información obtenida en la fase cualitativa del estudio. De ellas se destaca que los participantes significaron a las redes sociales principalmente como: refugio, universo virtual, centro de convivencia, caos ordenado; reconocen que su uso ha cambiado la forma en que las personas se relacionan entre sí y se comunican, así como su autopercepción y la percepción que tienen de los demás y de la sociedad; mantienen una posición ambivalente respecto al tipo de ciudadanía al que se adscriben, conteniendo elementos de la liberal –vínculo jurídico-, republicana –participación ciudadana- y comunitaria –pertenencia a una comunidad-, así como de una más cosmopolita que identifican con las posibilidades que ofrecen las redes sociales. Las conclusiones principales fueron que los preparatorianos hidalguenses utilizan a menudo las redes sociales, son importantes en su vida cotidiana, conocen sus alcances y posibilidades de información, y difusión temas sociales y de movilización, también reconocen su capacidad democratizadora y de conformación de una ciudadanía global, aunque son pocos los que señalan participar activamente en ella.

Comprender las experiencias de personas con gota sobre sus causas y desencadenantes, tratamientos y medidas terapéuticas recomendadas e impacto de vivir con este problema. Estudio cualitativo descriptivo. Muestreo opinático, buscando variabilidad discursiva según género, edad, posición socioeconómica y tratamientos. Se hicieron 3 grupos focales con 11, 6 y 7 personas, siguiendo un guion de temas preestablecido. Análisis siguiendo procedimientos del análisis de contenido temático. Participaron 19 varones y 5 mujeres de diferentes edades, posición socioeconómica y tratamientos. Comorbilidades frecuentes: hipertensión e hipercolesterolemia. Como causas de gota mencionaron la genética y la falta de eliminación renal del urato. Refirieron escaso conocimiento de las causas, y necesitar más explicaciones sobre las mismas. Como desencadenantes del ataque identificaron: excesos alimentarios y/o enólicos, traumatismos, estrés o no seguir el tratamiento. Enumeraron diversos tratamientos farmacológicos y expresaron preocupación por sus posibles efectos adversos. Destacaron dificultades de adherencia a las recomendaciones. También describieron medidas no farmacológicas: descanso, frío, calzado adecuado, andar, beber agua y dieta. La gota crónica tiene un impacto importante en la vida diaria de pacientes y familiares. El dolor invalida y comporta dificultades para realizar actividades cotidianas. Refirieron sentirse irritables y con cambios de humor, que repercuten en sus relaciones familiares. Estos hallazgos aportan propuestas para mejorar la atención de las personas con gota. Se recomienda mejorar la información sobre sus causas, los desencadenantes de la crisis, las recomendaciones alimentarias y el ejercicio. Las causas tras la variabilidad de recomendaciones sobre tratamientos y hábitos de vida deberían analizarse en profundidad. To delve into the experiences of people living with gout regarding its causes and triggers, recommended treatments and therapeutic measures, and the impact of living with this problem. Descriptive qualitative study. Opinion sampling, looking for discursive variability according to sex, age, socioeconomic position and treatments. Three focus groups were made with 11, 6 and 7 people, following a pre-established script of topics. Analysis following thematic content analysis procedures. Participants were 19 men and 5 women, of different ages, socioeconomic status and treatments. Frequent comorbidities: hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Genetics and the lack of renal elimination of urate were mentioned as causes of gout. They reported little knowledge of the causes and need more explanations about them. As triggers of the attack they identified: excess food and / or alcohol, trauma, stress or not following the treatment. Various drug treatment and expressed concern about their possible adverse effects were listed. Difficulties in adherence to the recommendations were also described. Non-pharmacological measures: rest, cold, proper footwear, walking, drinking water, and diet were also described. Chronic gout has an important impact on the daily life of patients and their families. Pain invalidates and leads to difficulties in performing daily activities. Irritations and mood swings were reported, which affect their family relationships. These findings provide proposals to improve the care of people with gout. Information on its causes, the triggers of the crisis, dietary recommendations and exercise should be improved. The variability of treatments and recommendations on lifestyle should be analysed in depth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El sexismo es definido como una actitud de animadversión y discriminación dirigida hacia las personas en base a su categoría sexual o género, sustentando las relaciones de desigualdad entre hombres y mujeres. Glick y Fiske (1996), en su teoría del sexismo ambivalente, lo conceptualizan como un constructo bidimensional conformado por el sexismo hostil y el sexismo benevolente. Asimismo, la adolescencia ha sido identificada como una etapa evolutiva clave en el desarrollo de creencias y manifestaciones sexistas, existiendo evidencia acerca de mayores niveles de sexismo en poblaciones vulnerables. Por ello, el presente estudio tiene por objetivo comparar actitudes sexistas entre dos grupos de mujeres adolescentes: las que se encuentran bajo medidas judiciales (MJ) y población general (PG). Para ello se diseñó un estudio cualitativo mediante el uso de la técnica focus group en el que participaron un total de n=13 mujeres adolescentes con un rango de edad de entre 16 y 19 años, creando dos grupos focales en función de su contexto -MJ y PG-. A partir del análisis del discurso se identificó una predominancia del sexismo hostil en el grupo MJ, mientras que el grupo de PG presentó una mayor ambivalencia y equilibrio entreactitudes hostilesy benevolentes. En este sentido,en elsegundo grupo se detectó una mayor conciencia y crítica hacia actitudes sexistas, señalando en reiteradas ocasiones el rechazo hacia las mismas. Además, los argumentos ofrecidos por el grupo MJ evidencian la interiorización de diferentes mitos del amor romántico, entendiendo los celos como una muestra de amor y aceptando la compatibilidad de amor y maltrato en relaciones de pareja. Los resultados coinciden con hallazgos obtenidos en estudios cuantitativos sobre el mismo constructo e indican la pertinencia de implementar medidas preventivas a diferentes niveles, contemplando las necesidades específicas de poblaciones vulnerables. El presente estudio ha sido realizado en el marco de un proyecto financiado por la Conselleria d’Innovació, Universitats, Ciència i Societat Digital (Generalitat Valenciana) [AICO/2021/143].

El objetivo de este artículo es describir el proceso de diseño y validación de los mensajes de las guías alimentarias escritas bajo el sistema de lecto escritura braille dirigido a personas con discapacidad visual. El proceso involucró las siguientes etapas: i) diseño y elaboración del material con el contenido de mensajes de las guías alimentarias, así como, la adecuación del formato; ii) validación técnica con representantes del Consejo Nacional para la Integración de la Persona con Discapacidad (CONADIS); y iii) validación operativa mediante grupos focales con niños, adolescentes y adultos con discapacidad visual que saben leer braille. Los participantes confirmaron la legibilidad, claridad y comprensión de los mensajes y aprobaron el formato del material diseñado. Finalmente, se destaca que la participación de informantes claves y personas con discapacidad visual en todas las etapas resultó relevante para la elaboración de un material informativo con los mensajes de alimentación saludable en braille.

Copyright of Paideia (0103863X) is the property of Paideia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Profesorado: Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado is the property of Profesorado: Revista de Curriculum y Formacion del Profesorado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Scientific literature has shown that teacher characteristics and skills are one of the main sources of variation in students' academic performance. This potential that teachers have in improving the quality of the education system justifies the importance of identifying the teacher-related factors that are positively related to student learning. This study aims to contribute to this purpose by analysing the professional profile of a good secondary school teacher from the perspective of students, members of school management teams, and the teachers themselves. For this purpose, a qualitative research design was established based on an analysis of the views of the participants. Five focus groups were conducted with the participation of five members of school management teams, nine teachers and nine students. Through both the a priori and inductive coding of the content of these focus groups, the professional profile of a good teacher was identified. This profile was made up of three teaching skills and seven personal skills, specified in 79 actions. The integration of all the participants' perspectives enabled the creation of a comprehensive proposal of an effective teacher by capturing the nuances provided by each individual perspective. Based on this, new research and actions can be designed that contribute to improving the quality of initial and in-service training for secondary school teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/Context: What could lead some individuals to be more prone to lie about engaging in corruption? We contend that a psychological approach to the study of corruption can be employed to understand who lies about corrupt behavior and why. Since social desirability bias (SDB) is related to the appropriateness of behavior, conflicting social norms in a context where corruption is widespread--like in several Latin American countries--can result in SDB in the context of surveys that directly ask for past corrupt behavior. Moreover, due to conflicting norms, some subgroups of the population might be particularly affected by SDB. Methodology: Together, focus groups, list experiments, and survey data provide evidence that supports our psychological approach. Conclusion: Overall, we confirm that SDB is at work even in a context in which corruption is widespread like Peru. Statistically speaking, we only find evidence in support of the existence of gender socialization as an important source of SDB when directly reporting past bribing behavior in Peru. However, other substantive--not statistically significant--differences related to age merit further discussion and research. Originality: This work has two main contributions; first, it highlights the importance designing unobtrusive measures when studying the prevalence of corrupt practices in Latin America; and second, it shows that policy interventions to fight corruption may not be equally effective across different groups of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Profesorado: Revista de Currículum y Formación del Profesorado is the property of Profesorado: Revista de Curriculum y Formacion del Profesorado and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Comunicación 'Vivat Academia' is the property of Facultad de Ciencias de las Informacion de la Universidad Complutense (Espana) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To explore healthcare professionals’ opinions about low-value practices, identify practices of this kind possibly present in the hospital and barriers and facilitators to reduce them. Low-value practices include those with little or no clinical benefit that may harm patients or lead to a waste of resources. Method: Using a mixed methodology, we carried out a survey and two focus groups in a tertiary hospital. In the survey, we assessed doctors’ agreement, subjective adherence and perception of usefulness of 134 recommendations to reduce low-value practices from local and international initiatives. We also identified low-value practices possibly present in the hospital. In the focus groups with professionals from surgical and medical fields, using a phenomenological approach, we identified additional low-value practices, barriers and facilitators to reduce them. Results: 169 doctors of 25 specialties participated (response rate: 7%-100%). Overall agreement with recommendations, subjective adherence and usefulness were 83%, 90% and 70%, respectively. Low-value practices form 22 recommendations (16%) were considered as possibly present in the hospital. In the focus groups, the professionals identified seven more. Defensive medicine and scepticism due to contradictory evidence were the main barriers. Facilitators included good leadership and coordination between professionals. Conclusions: High agreement with recommendations to reduce low-value practices and high perception of usefulness reflect great awareness of low-value care in the hospital. However, there are several barriers to reduce them. Interventions to reduce low-value practices should foster confidence in decision-making processes between professionals and patients and provide trusted evidence. Resumen: Objetivo: Explorar las opiniones de profesionales sanitarios sobre las prácticas de poco valor, identificar aquellas posiblemente presentes en el hospital y las barreras y los facilitadores para reducirlas. Las prácticas de poco valor incluyen aquellas con poco beneficio clínico que pueden perjudicar a los pacientes o desperdiciar recursos. Método: Usando una metodología mixta se llevaron a cabo una encuesta y varios grupos focales en un hospital terciario. En la encuesta se evaluó el grado de acuerdo, la adherencia subjetiva y la percepción de utilidad de 134 recomendaciones para reducir las prácticas de poco valor de iniciativas locales e internacionales, y se identificaron aquellas que podrían estar realizándose en el hospital. En dos grupos focales con profesionales de campos médicos y quirúrgicos, utilizando un enfoque fenomenológico, se identificaron prácticas de poco valor adicionales, barreras y facilitadores para reducirlas. Resultados: En la encuesta participaron 169 médicos de 25 especialidades (tasa de respuesta: 7-100%). El acuerdo con las recomendaciones, la adherencia subjetiva y la utilidad fueron del 83%, el 90% y el 70%, respectivamente. Se identificaron prácticas de poco valor de 22 recomendaciones (16%) posiblemente presentes en el hospital. En los grupos focales se identificaron siete prácticas de poco valor adicionales; la medicina defensiva y el escepticismo debido a evidencia contradictoria como principales barreras; y un buen liderazgo y la coordinación entre profesionales como facilitadores. Conclusiones: El alto grado de acuerdo con las recomendaciones para reducir las prácticas de poco valor y la alta percepción de utilidad reflejan una gran concienciación sobre este problema en el hospital. Sin embargo, existen numerosas barreras para eliminarlas. Las intervenciones para reducirlas deberían fomentar la confianza en la toma de decisiones entre profesionales y pacientes, y proporcionar una evidencia confiable.

Introduction: in Mexico, tobacco and alcohol consumption represent a public health problem. Screening, brief intervention, and treatment models had shown effectiveness to reduce substances use, which is why they have been widely used in a variety of settings. The proximity of trained human resources with consumption problems and diverse situations is one of the most important opportunities they offer. Despite the extensive experience in developing these models, they have been poorly adapted for use by medical and health personnel at the first level of care. Objective: describe barriers and opportunities encountered during the operational implementation of a pilot project for screening, brief counseling and treatment aimed at medical personnel and related to the first level of health care in a Sanitary Jurisdiction of the State of Mexico. Method: two focus groups were carried out on a randomized sample of 15 of 64 certified health professionals who developed practical experience performing interventions with the population of their Health Establishment. Results: communication, personal and organizational barriers were found, however, opportunities that emerged from the implementation of this intervention model were also identified. Discussion and conclusions: the implementation of these interventions in the first level of care has various advantages for the personnel who apply them and the population that receives it, among which the increase in productivity of the screening and brief counseling actions reported in the System of Health Information as well as the opportunity to provide the user a personalized intervention specifically focused on their local population-based problems. ---------- Introducción: en México el consumo de tabaco y alcohol representa un problema de salud pública. Modelos de tamizaje, intervención breve y referencia a tratamiento han mostrado eficacia en disminuir dicho consumo, por lo que se emplean en distintos escenarios. Una de sus características más importantes es la cercanía de los profesionales con las situaciones y problemáticas sobre el consumo. Pese a la amplia experiencia en el desarrollo de estos modelos, han sido poco adaptados para su uso en personal médico y de salud en el primer nivel de atención. Objetivo: describir barreras y oportunidades encontradas durante la implementación de un proyecto piloto de tamizaje, consejería breve y referencia a tratamiento dirigido al personal médico y afín del primer nivel de atención en salud. Método: se realizaron dos grupos focales en una muestra aleatorizada de 15 profesionales de salud certificados de un total de 64, que desarrollaron experiencia práctica realizando intervenciones con la población de su establecimiento de salud. Resultados: se encontraron diversas barreras de comunicación, personales y organizacionales; sin embargo, también se identificaron oportunidades que emergen de la implementación de este modelo. Discusión y conclusiones: el uso de intervenciones breves en el primer nivel de atención tiene ventajas para quien las aplica y las recibe, como el incremento en la productividad de las acciones de tamizaje y consejería breve reportadas en el Sistema de Información en Salud, así como la oportunidad de brindar al usuario una intervención personalizada enfocada específicamente en los problemas de la población local.

Este artículo analiza la relación entre la ciudadanía con la publicidad electoral sobre inseguridad en la elección presidencial de Argentina en 2015. Durante este año, el crimen urbano fue una de las mayores preocupaciones del país al punto de que cuatro de los seis candidatos presidenciales produjeron spots específicos sobre el tópico. En este contexto, el artículo se pregunta: ¿Qué implicaba la inseguridad para los ciudadanos?, ¿acordaban con las promesas de campaña?, ¿cómo interpretaron los materiales audiovisuales sobre inseguridad? El objetivo es explorar cómo las denominadas audiencias electorales interpretaron las publicidades sobre inseguridad en la elección presidencial de 2015 y reflexionar sobre sobre su lugar en los procesos de mediatización política. La realización de seis grupos focales permitió concluir que las audiencias electorales: i. vivencian con preocupación la inseguridad en la ciudad, desconfían de la justicia, la policía y de sus representantes políticos; ii. no critican las promesas puntuales de los candidatos, sino que procuran develar las intenciones reales o engañosas de las publicidades electorales; iii. definen los fragmentos de publicidad electoral como construidos en clave emotiva (por tanto, falsos), o como lógicos y racionales (por tanto, cercanos a la verdad).

This paper describes the development of a scale for measuring systemic supervision which is called the Systemic Supervision Rating Scale (the 3D‐SSRS). This scale was developed through a thematic synthesis of the systemic supervision literature, which included 137 papers on the subject. The scale was then subjected to a face validity investigation via a series of qualitative focus groups. These groups included both supervisors of supervision and students on an AFT Accredited Supervision training. Focus groups were held at the beginning and at the end of the course to understand how useful the 3D‐SSRS was to supervision practice. The 3D‐SSRS uses a seven‐point scale to rate supervision practice and prioritises qualitative comments in 11 dimensions, including the supervisory relationship, context of supervision, developmental stage of supervisee, development of systemic skills and thinking, and attention to power and difference. Practitioner points: Systemic supervision draws on knowledges and skills unique to systemic practice within specific contexts.A new Systemic Supervision Rating Scale (the 3D‐SSRS) has been developed for use in clinical and training contexts of supervision.Initial investigations into the usefulness and face validity of the scale find it able to capture many of the unique aspects of systemic supervisory practice.More research is needed into what makes for effective live supervision, perhaps unique to systemic supervisory practice, and supervision provided to groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Doing physical activity carries multiple benefits both physical and psychological (Aparicio, Carbonell y Delgado, 2010); however, when competitive sports practice is being carried out, the athletes can find themselves with less favoring situations such as pressure, coach demands and a psychologically challenging, environment that may conduce them to stress states (Lucia et al., 2017). The athletes that present stress in their sports practice exteriorize some consequences that may include low quality performance, loss of sleep and appetite, decrease in satisfaction levels for sports training and increase in physical injuries (Abia'n-Vice'n, Ba'guena y Abia'n, 2015). When the stress becomes chronic it becomes as predictor of burnout syndrome in sports (De Francisco, Arce, Vílcheza y Vales, 2016). Also, these consequences may result significative not only in sports training but in the personal life of the athletes, therefore, is important make an intervention for these athletes to avoid reaching chronic stressful states. However, there is little information on the factors that cause stress in child athletes because most of the research in the field has been developed in an older population that practices high-performance sports (Ramírez, 2015), so it isn't appropriate to use this foundation with children because their development stage is different and stress could have different sources and repercussions. In order to know the factors that children perceive as stressors in sports, a qualitative research and phenomenological design was carried out, in which four focus groups were carried out, in which a total of 41 children participated. The inclusion criteria to participate were being affiliated with sports centers of the Mexico City government, being between 6 and 12 years old and having participated in at least one competition or tournament. Children who did not want to collaborate or whose parents did not give consent for their participation were excluded. A comparative analysis was made for the codification and categorization of information that consists of three types of codification: open, axial and selective (Onwuegbuzie, Dickinson, Leech y Zoran, 2011). After the open codification analysis, five preliminary categories were detected, later, in the axial codification, the judges agreed that the five categories of stressors that the children reported were produced in two different contexts: training and competition, so these two were classified as the two major categories. Finally, after the axial coding, every one of these two major categories stayed conformed by five the subcategories: personal situations, coaches, peers, family and external situations. Every subcategory consists of various factors that produce stress to children. In training, the factors that children mentioned are the demands and favoritism by the coach; also to experiment negative emotions like fear, anger or frustration; lack of time to do recreational and academic activities; extreme physical tiredness; negative interaction with peers, violence or exclusion between peers, the demand of satisfactory results by their relatives and the perception of lack of infrastructure for suitable training. In the competitive context, children report that suffering negative emotions generated by the pressure of competition, concerns about their performance in the contest, unpredictable situations such as accidents or delays, uneasiness about the performance of other competitors, and being exposed to the judgments that people who attend the competition will make, were the factors that children consider as generators of stress. In future research, it will be advisable to take into account the time that children have been practicing the sport, since it is possible that the perception of stress changes with the years of training. We can also evaluate in groups of children who are at the same age, since the maturation process progresses rapidly during childhood. It will also be worth differentiating between individual and team sports athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tras entrar en vigor la Ley 1/2004 de Medidas de Protección Integral contra la Violencia de Género (VG), se han identificado progresos, pero también transformaciones en algunos discursos que obstaculizan los avances en igualdad entre mujeres y hombres (Lorente, 2007). Por un lado, las investigaciones exponen que los mitos en torno a la VG siguen vigentes (Bosch y Ferrer, 2012; Bosch, Ferrer y Navarro, 2013; Delegación del Gobierno contra la Violencia de Género, 2014). Por otro, la Universidad debía incluir la igualdad de género y no discriminación transversalmente en la formación, docencia e investigación. Sin embargo, la incorporación en la formación de grado ha sido de bajo impacto y superficial. Este trabajo muestra las ideas que las universitarias de un Grado en Psicología tienen de la VG. Se realizaron dos grupos focales en los que participaron catorce estudiantes. Los resultados giran en torno a cinco categorías: sistema patriarcal, concepto de VG, causas de la VG, tipos de VG, y permanencia en la relación de violencia. Se observa comprensión de algunos elementos de la VG, si bien también se ponen de manifiesto discursos posmachistas. Estos resultados exponen la necesidad de diseñar planes de estudio que incorporen el abordaje de la VG.

Background: National and international studies have revealed low mental health literacy (MHL) on anxiety among adolescents and the need to develop psychoeducational interventions at schools. Objective: To identify the components of a psychoeducational intervention to promote MHL on anxiety among adolescents in the school context. Methodology: An exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study was conducted using 2 focus groups and the content analysis technique. Six health or education professionals participated in the first focus group, and 6 9th-grade adolescents participated in the second focus group. Results: The components of a psychoeducational intervention to promote MHL on anxiety among adolescents in the school context were identified, contributing to its preliminary design. The intervention consists of 4 90-minute sessions using different pedagogical methods and techniques. Conclusion: This study contributed to the preliminary design of the "ProLiSMental" psychoeducational intervention, which aims to enable adolescents to access, understand, and use relevant information that helps them to prevent, recognize, and manage anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: National and international studies have revealed low mental health literacy (MHL) on anxiety among adolescents and the need to develop psychoeducational interventions at schools. Objective: To identify the components of a psychoeducational intervention to promote MHL on anxiety among adolescents in the school context. Methodology: An exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative study was conducted using 2 focus groups and the content analysis technique. Six health or education professionals participated in the first focus group, and 6 9th-grade adolescents participated in the second focus group. Results: The components of a psychoeducational intervention to promote MHL on anxiety among adolescents in the school context were identified, contributing to its preliminary design. The intervention consists of 4 90-minute sessions using different pedagogical methods and techniques. Conclusion: This study contributed to the preliminary design of the "ProLiSMental" psychoeducational intervention, which aims to enable adolescents to access, understand, and use relevant information that helps them to prevent, recognize, and manage anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La presente investigación propone diagnosticar la diversidad nativa de la papa (Solanum spp.) en seis comunidades en la provincia de Tungurahua. La metodología empleada es grupos focales, a partir de la cual se llevaron a cabo 7 grupos de enfoque (conformados por mujeres, líderes comunitarios y jóvenes), en los que participaron entre 8 y 10 personas por grupo de enfoque. Como resultado, se encontró que en las seis comunidades en estudio se identificaron 32 variedades de papa, de las cuales 14 son variedades mejoradas introducidas y 18 son variedades nativas presentes. Las variedades continúan manteniéndose en las comunidades en estudio mediante el reciclaje de semillas. La diversidad de variedades está influenciada por las formas de conservación, los usos y el destino de la producción. El reciclaje de semillas es la forma más común de mantener la diversidad de semillas almacenadas en bolsas y pilas. El uso principal de la diversidad de papas nativas es la alimentación humana, con la cual se preparan diferentes platos típicos. La mayor parte de la producción está destinada a la comercialización en los diferentes mercados de la zona y en menor cantidad se destina a semillas, intercambio, autoconsumo y consumo animal.

En este trabajo se describen brevemente realidades identificadas en relación con el libro de texto, y se reflexiona en cuanto a su papel actual en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje en nivel superior, en el área de ingenierías. Se plantea la pertinencia de apropiarse de una metodología que permita recabar información confiable ante el fenómeno actual de la función del libro de texto. Como fundamento se cuenta con la ingeniería didáctica y tres aspectos relevantes que se desprenden de su teoría: epistemología, didáctica y tecnología. Se señala el interés en los actores que intervienen en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje: profesores y estudiantes, y sus experiencias. Dentro del aspecto de didáctica es posible rescatar las características de herramientas como la entrevista a profundidad y la técnica de grupo focal, que contribuyen al diseño de instrumentos eficaces para la siguiente etapa de una investigación dedicada a analizar hoy en día la función del material de texto en el aula y fuera de ella.

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Antecedentes: En abril de 2018 se detectó un número inusualmente elevado de síntomas irritativos, digestivos y mareos en trabajadores de los laboratorios de microbiología (LAM) y análisis clínicos (LAC) de un hospital de tercer nivel de Mallorca, asociados a olores también inhabituales. Objetivo: Confirmar la existencia del brote, identificar sus causas, y contribuir a su control y prevención. Métodos: Estudio epidemiológico del brote con componentes cualitativo y cuantitativo. El primero se basó en Grupos Focales (GF). El estudio cuantitativo permitió elaborar las curvas epidémicas, basándose en las visitas de los trabajadores al Servicio de Salud Laboral (SSL) y los episodios de incapacidad temporal (IT). Finalmente, se revisaron los informes higiénicos disponibles, valorando las posibles relaciones con la distribución de los casos. Resultados: Mediante los GF se establecieron dos definiciones operativas de caso y se identificación las posibles explicaciones del brote según las percepciones de los trabajadores. El estudio cuantitativo confirmó la existencia de un brote en el LAM, descartándolo en el LAC. Los episodios de IT en el LAM entre las semanas 16 y 39 excedieron en cuatro veces el número de casos esperados. El número de visitas al SSL también mostró un exceso de casos en las mismas semanas. Conclusiones: El estudio cuantitativo confirma la existencia de un brote epidémico que ha finalizado, si bien el estudio cualitativo pone de manifiesto la continuación de los malos olores y molestias. La mejora de los sistemas de vigilancia epidemiológica facilitará la monitorización y control de otros posibles brotes en el futuro.

Introducción: La producción de libros de texto en la Universidad de Distancia de Costa Rica debe usar una serie de elementos necesarios para la educación a distancia. Objetivo: identificar los elementos educativos más importantes utilizados por los editores. Métodos: Utilizamos un cuestionario y un grupo focal con los editores para identificar la frecuencia de cada elemento en 24 libros de texto. Resultados: Más del 90% de las unidades didácticas contienen: gráficos o diagramas, cuadros, definiciones, casos prácticos, discurso didáctico, "atracciones", ejemplos y signos. Entre el 70 y el 90% usan: imágenes, llamadas de atención, secuencia lógica y preguntas insertadas. Menos del 70% usa anécdotas, establecimiento de puntos contrarios, humanización del texto, resúmenes, cronogramas y metáforas. Conclusiones: Si bien se utilizan la mayoría de los elementos recomendados, hay margen para mejorar la variedad y la adaptación de los elementos de aprendizaje utilizados en estos libros de texto.

Objetivo. Explorar las experiencias de entrenadores y profesionales de la salud, al asesorar la transición cultural y la carrera deportiva transnacional de esgrimistas colombianos. Método. Se conformaron dos grupos focales en los que participaron nueve personas (seis hombres y tres mujeres), del equipo multidisciplinario de alto rendimiento en esgrima: cinco entrenadores y cuatro profesionales de la salud. Los datos se analizaron por medio del análisis temático reflexivo. Resultados. Se evidencia que acompañar la transición cultural de esgrimistas transnacionales impacta en el bienestar y las dinámicas de asesoramiento de entrenadores y profesionales de la salud. Se generaron dos temas centrales: (a) en guardia y (b) marchar y romper. En el primero comentaron haber experimentado sorpresa, dilemas y la sensación de pasar a un segundo plano respecto a su rol como asesores técnicos y de la salud. En el segundo, se evidenció el cambio en las dinámicas de asesoramiento (comunicación virtual) y el carácter reactivo de las relaciones a distancia. Conclusión. La carrera deportiva transnacional genera nuevos desafíos para el equipo multidisciplinario que acompaña y asesora a los deportistas, tanto mujeres como hombres. Se proponen recomendaciones prácticas para entrenadores y profesionales de la salud, basadas en la praxis cultural de la Psicología Cultural aplicada al deporte.

Objective. To identify challenges derived from renal insuf­ficiency, as well as potential solutions and an agenda for action. Materials and methods. By adopting a collaborative research approach, diverse stakeholders –sick people, family members, advocacy groups, health professionals, and academ­ics– participated in two gatherings in the context of the World Kidney Day in Guadalajara, Mexico and created an agenda for action. Data was gathered through group discussions. Results. Two main issues are faced by kidney sick people and their family members: the first one related with health services and, second, the lack of economic resources to pay for renal treatment. The agenda for action included rallying on public squares, installing day of the dead altars, video making, and publishing a book. Conclusion. Participation of diverse stakeholders is a valuable option to face challenges derived from renal insufficiency.

Introducción. A pesar de la utilidad de la terapia electroconvulsiva (TEC), existe prevención hacia su uso en varios grupos poblacionales. Objetivos. Explorar y describir, desde el punto de vista de psiquiatras, médicos no psiquiatras y comunidad en general, los conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes respecto a la TEC. Materiales y métodos. Este fue un estudio de grupos focales en el que se hizo un análisis temático de las entrevistas. Resultados. Se evidenció que en la población general hay opiniones diversas, la mayoría negativas, y poco conocimiento, el cual proviene de la industria cinematográfica. Aceptar un tratamiento de TEC es siempre la última opción, pero con mayor información al respecto podría ser más considerado. Aunque los médicos muestran interés por conocer estudios sobre TEC, refieren que no han recibido formación y entrenamiento al respecto, además desconocen los avances en el tema. En el grupo de psiquiatras, los conocimientos, prácticas y actitudes dependieron de la experiencia y contacto con la TEC, pues aunque conocen su existencia, la mayoría no la usa ni la recomienda. Conclusión. Las prácticas y actitudes respecto a TEC en las poblaciones estudiadas varían según las experiencias y conocimientos que se tengan de este procedimiento.

Objectives. The aim of this study was to identify the maternal feeding practices with children who have some kind of disability and its influence in their social inclusion process. Materials and Methods. Three focus groups were carried out with the participation of twelve mothers/caregivers of children with disabilities. Results. The mothers/caregivers are in charge of their children’s progress with respect to their physical health and disability. Their feeding practices contribute to their health condition, to the acquisition of nourishing learning, social behavior at the table, domestic collaboration, as well as to the development of language by means of the communicative interactions, and also the tightening of the affective bond between mother and child. Conclusions. Nourishing practices make possible the cultural transmission of food preferences and aversions and, additionally, generate a context that fosters the development of very diverse learning which, in the case of children with some type of disability, could contribute to the improvement of their pro-social skills and repertoires mediated by their mothers or caregivers.

Objective: to describe a group activity developed in an Academic League for Cancer Prevention. Method: an experience report on an operative group held in the first half of 2019, at a public university in the countryside of São Paulo, with 27 students from the Nursing course aged between 17 and 25 years, attending between the first and seventh school terms. Results: in group discussions, four themes emerged, highlighting aspects of the context of illness from cancer, such as stigmas, fears, desires, fantasies, experiences of cancer as an aggressive and limiting disease for the affected and their families, in addition to coping resources, such as religion/spirituality. Conclusion: the group activity developed in an Academic League for Cancer Prevention revealed the importance of addressing oncology in Nursing graduation, enabling students to deal with situations of intervention and prepare themselves emotionally for the challenges that may emerge in this field in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objetivo: Explorar los principales aspectos psicosociales que influyen en el afrontamiento de la enfermedad de los pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson (EP) y sus familiares cuidadores. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio que constituye la segunda fase de un proyecto de metodología combinada. Emplazamiento: Estudio multicéntrico realizado en la Comunidad Autónoma de Navarra en 2014 con la colaboración de Atención Primaria del Servicio Navarro de Salud-Osasunbidea, la Clínica Universidad de Navarra y la Asociación Navarra de Parkinson. Participantes: Un total de 21 participantes: 9 personas con EP, 7 familiares cuidadores y 5 profesionales sociosanitarios. Método: Los participantes fueron seleccionados mediante muestreo opinático. Se realizaron grupos focales hasta que se consideró adecuada la saturación de los datos. Las transcripciones fueron analizadas por 2 investigadores a través de un análisis de contenido. Resultados: Se identificaron 3 aspectos que influían en cómo pacientes y familiares afrontaban la EP: funcionalidad de la atención sanitaria; entorno familiar, y aceptación de la enfermedad. Considerando estos resultados, se proponen estrategias que podrían promover estos aspectos desde atención primaria, para así mejorar la adaptación a esta enfermedad en pacientes y en sus familiares cuidadores. Conclusiones: La atención sociosanitaria de las personas con EP debería adoptar un enfoque integral que aborde el control de los síntomas del paciente y que responda también a los aspectos psicosociales que influyen en el afrontamiento de la enfermedad, tanto en los pacientes como en sus familiares cuidadores.

The objective of this study is to analyze how food advertising is perceived by mothers from different socioeconomic sectors of the Metropolitan Area of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Between May and November 2015, eight focus groups were conducted with the participation of 49 mothers of different education levels living in the study area. The results show how the purchasing decisions of mothers are influenced by the requests of their children, which are in turn prompted by food advertising and promotion. The study also shows how food advertising and promotion are combined with other environmental factors (greater supply of food products, “more demanding” children) that affect the decision-making process of mothers regarding their children’s nutrition and foster the consumption of certain unhealthy products. This situation was observed in all the focus groups, without differences among education levels.

Due to the social changes that are currently taking place, schools must attend to the emotional training of students. Part of a larger European project on student emotions and current conditions of education systems from participating partners, this study shows the results obtained in Spain (Malaga) for a period of 6-10 years. Specifically, the authors conducted a qualitative study based on the affective dimension of education. In total, 17 teachers participated. The results show that the curriculum is focused on the cognitive dimension, leaving aside the emotional dimension to existing legislation that explicitly stipulates that dimension. Schools should, however, should contemplate their educational function concerning the holistic development of its students, and this process should be designed and implemented on the basis of promoting all dimensions of the person.

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American hospital audits include patient experience and information between health providers and patients. An effective communication promotes stronger relationships between patients and professionals, impacting on the quality of care. We analysed the most important communication elements and moments for patients during their hospitalization, as a consequence of an exacerbation of their chronic disease. Focus groups and in-depth interviews were conducted to 30 admitted patients between 54 and 86 years old. The results identify doctors and nurses as the most effective interlocutors for the transmission of information, establishing differences. Important moments were the admission, before the diagnostic tests and discharge, and the topics of interest are diagnosis and symptoms. Written contents enable to get more information compared to oral transmission because they allow multiple readings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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