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Hotel star rating systems are useful for classifying and communicating services to the customer. This research examined how visitors' expectations, perceived health safety, attitude, and future behavior vary with hotel star ratings from the vacationer's perspective. The study investigated customer experiences while staying in a star-rated hotel. There has been only a small amount of research attempted to determine the impact of the hotel star rating system on tourists' health safety perceptions. The theoretical model adopted in this research is based on social exchange theory. Using purposive sampling, 678 respondents were examined and evaluated via structural equation modeling with maximum likelihood estimation. The results revealed that the star rating system impacted the attitudes of vacationers and motivated them to improve their future behavior. Government authorities, tourist organizations, and DMOs need to identify what visitors perceive about their accommodations, especially what they expect and how safe they feel, to develop a marketing strategy. This study fills a knowledge gap and offers valuable practical implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents research on the effectiveness of utilizing asbestos waste, particularly chrysotile asbestos, in the production of Portland cement. The study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of transforming asbestos cement (Eternit) through thermal treatment and its enrichment with mineral additives, enabling its integration into the clinker synthesis process. Differences in the physicochemical properties of types of cement produced from conventional raw materials and those manufactured using asbestos waste were analyzed. The research findings indicate that the presence of asbestos in cementitious materials leads to a significant mass loss of 29.4% due to thermal decomposition. Chemical analysis revealed the presence of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) at levels of 4.10% and 3.54%, respectively, suggesting the formation of brownmillerite, a phase typical of cement clinker. Furthermore, compressive strength tests on asbestos-modified cements demonstrated comparable mechanical properties to reference cement (CEM I), indicating their potential applicability in construction. This study provides essential insights into the mineralogical composition of asbestos cement, which is crucial for developing effective methods for its safe disposal. It represents a significant step toward sustainable asbestos waste management and the promotion of innovative solutions in the construction industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In a market economy and financial crisis, the head of any medical institution has to make adequate decisions regarding the cost-effective functioning of the hospital. Along with reducing costs, the main task is to maintain a high level of medical care. In this paper, the economic efficiency of medical activities in three specialized hospitals for rehabilitation (previously called sanatoriums) in the cities of Hisar, Varna and Bankia in Bulgaria was studied. The competitiveness of the presented rehabilitation institutions lies in their ability to design, produce and offer rehabilitation services that are more attractive to patients in terms of price and quality characteristics and more fully meet their needs compared to the rehabilitation services of competitors. Based on the analysis, it was found that in rehabilitation hospitals, through long-term obligations, the purchase of short-term assets necessary for the implementation of activities is financed, and operating income is invested in long-term assets. This fact determines the increase in liabilities to the company by further minimizing free cash flows, which involve financing current activities, but are invested in non-current assets. At the same time, rehabilitation hospitals — budgetary organizations strictly comply with capital expenditures, which must be specified in the appropriate paragraph, with an approved budget according to the appropriate indicator, which proves strict compliance with budgetary discipline and control over the flow of funds.

BACKGROUND: Readymade garment workers globally experience distinctive vulnerabilities at the workplace. The situation is worse in many developing countries. However, there is a lack of scientific evidence about the health and safety of garment workers in the workplace. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to examine the patterns of illness and injury of garment workers, factory level health safety policies and programs, and views and perception of management staff at factories in Bangladesh. METHODS: This mixed-method study was conducted among garment workers and management level staff between January 2018 and April 2019. We extracted 4000 health records of the workers who attended primary health care centers of the factories and conducted 11 key informant interviews using qualitative method from different management-level staff. RESULTS: Half of the workers (51.0%) were working in the sewing section following 12.8% in quality control and 12.3% in the laundry section. A review of the medical records showed that peptic ulcer diseases (PUDs) (19.2%), fever (11.7%), loose motion (10.3%), and headache (9.4%). Needle injury was uncommon for taking medical care. Occupational safety and health management, safe drinking water, access to maternity leave and other facilities were better in large and medium factories compared with those in small factories. CONCLUSIONS: Although the readymade garments sector is one of the largest sources of foreign currency revenue earnings in Bangladesh, occupational health and safety issues of workers remain a big concern. Thus, support from the government needs more focus on the health and safety of workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Food in Health & Disease / Hrana u Zdravlju i Bolesti is the property of University of Tuzla, Faculty of Pharmacy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

BACKGROUND: Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a severe occupational health issue among medical radiation practitioners. It is mostly linked to personal protective wear, working posture, tools employed and ergonomics. OBJECTIVE: To assess and evaluate the musculoskeletal disorders among nuclear medicine professionals (NMP) in India. METHODS: An online survey was distributed to 455 NMP throughout India between November 2021 and March 2022 covering the demographic characteristics and questions for evaluation of musculoskeletal symptoms using the Standardized Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ). Participants with any pre-existing musculoskeletal disorder or trauma were excluded. Descriptive statistics summarized the data from the demographics, discomfort, aches and work-related musculoskeletal injuries. Chi-square test was used to examine the association between the obtained values. RESULTS: 91 out of 124 respondents were included based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results shows that there is a significant association between the height of the individual and neck pain, body mass index and elbows pain, age and low back pain, experience in the current work and upper back pain, the weight of the individual and knee pain, use of mobile lead screens and shoulder pain, use of gonad shield, trouble in the ankles and use of lead screens, and QC phantoms for gamma camera / PET and wrists/hands pain. CONCLUSION: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders among NMP are resulting from factors of individual demographic variables (such as age, height, weight, body mass index), years of experience at the current workplace and of using instruments in their work area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Výživa a Potraviny is the property of Spolecnost pro Vyzivu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study considers the medical and socio-pedagogical risks of primary school children using digital devices and social networks, based on the results of a medical and social study, the purpose of which was to assess and systematize these risks. The digital devices, the Internet and activities on social networks have become an integral part of the lives of modern children. However, their use can negatively affect the neuropsychic status of the child and lead to problems with vision and the musculoskeletal system. For this reason, parental control over the use of gadgets and social networks that is safe for children’s health is very important. The methodological basis of the research was social pedagogy, which explores the processes of interaction of a growing person with various objects of society in the main spheres of his/her life: family, educational and social, performing an integrating function in the study of current social problems of children, families and society by various scientific disciplines. A complex of research methods was used, with the main one being a questionnaire survey of parents with children of primary school age and living in the Borovsky district of the Kaluga region (the research base of the Research Institute of Hygiene and Health Protection of Children and Adolescents, National Medical Research Center for Children’s Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation). It was found that watching videos is a risk of increased irritability, computer games, searching for information on the Internet, uncontrolled use of digital media - a risk of visual impairment, using social networks - complaints for communication difficulties. More than 50% of parents need help from specialists in improving digital literacy and using digital devices safely for children’s health.

Anna Bednarek,1 Iwona Bodys-Cupak,2 Adrianna Serwin,1 Elżbieta Cipora3 1Department of Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland; 2Department of Nursing Fundamentals, Institute of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland; 3Medical Institute, Jan Grodek State University in Sanok, Sanok, PolandCorrespondence: Anna Bednarek, Department of Health Promotion Chair of Nursing Development, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, S. Staszica 4-6 Street, 20-081, Lublin, Poland, Tel +48 81 448 67 20 ; +48 607 607 115, Email anna.bednarek@umlub.plIntroduction and Objective: An important role in building opinions and attitudes regarding breastfeeding by mothers is played by the medical staff taking care of the mother woman expecting a baby. Breastfeeding is a standard in infant nutrition. The knowledge and support of the medical staff can help a woman make the decision to breastfeed. At the same time, it creates conditions for an optimal working environment for medical staff, affecting the quality of care. The aim of the study was identify mothers’ attitudes towards breastfeeding in the context of health safety and professional lactation education.Materials and Methods: Data for the study were obtained on the basis of a proprietary questionnaire and a standardized research tool, which was the questionnaire for assessing knowledge and attitudes towards breastfeeding The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale designed by Arlene De la Mora (IIFAS). The study involved 439 women who gave birth to a child in the last 5 years.Results: Extensive knowledge about the benefits of breastfeeding for the child’s body is declared by 67.9% of women. The vast majority of respondents (94.1%) pointed to supporting the development of the immune system. Most women (85%) obtained information on breastfeeding from the Internet, and 58.5% from medical personnel. Most respondents (88.8%) assessed their partner’s attitude towards breastfeeding as positive. The result, The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale was equal to 50.97, which proves the positive attitude of women to breastfeeding.Conclusion: Promoting the best way to feed children, which is breastfeeding, plays an important role in building mothers’ opinions and attitudes about breastfeeding.Keywords: mothers’ attitudes towards breastfeeding, lactation education, health safety, nurses, midwives

Dried and boiled sheep meat products made according to traditional technologies are highly valued by the people of the Middle East, Central Asia and the Balkan countries. In recent years, the industry's interest in the production of these products has been growing by applying traditional production technologies in industrial conditions while meeting high levels of hygiene requirements and producing products with standardized characteristics. The acceptability of these products by consumers accustomed to certain properties of traditional products mostly depends on the sensory characteristics of industrially produced products. Therefore, in this work, the goal is to examine the sensory properties of dried and boiled sheep meat products, during the production of which eight different treatments were used. As said before, materials for this research were dried and boiled sheep meat products produced by eight different treatments. For research in this work, meat obtained from the Pramenka breed sheep, which were raised in a rural household, was used. Goats moved freely and fed on mountain pastures. The slaughtering and bleeding of the sheep was done in the local meat industry. After bleeding, the carcasses were cooled for 24 hours at a temperature of 1°C, and after being separated from the carcasses, the thigh meat was cut into pieces of equal size. After brining, the pieces of meat are heat-treated at boiling temperature or smoked and dried. Meat samples taken from pieces of finished products were used for chemical and sensory analysis. Sensory evaluation was conducted in the sensory evaluation laboratory by six trained evaluators (professors and faculty assistants). During the evaluation, a test of descriptive analysis was used. The obtained results were processed statistically. ANOVA was used to examine significant differences between treatments, and statistically significant differences between treatments were examined with the Tukey test (a = 0.05, p < 0.05 and a = 0.01, p < 0.01). The impact of different heat treatment procedures on the health safety of products was determined based on the content of heavy metals (ICP OES was used for the analysis), and PAHs (GC-MS was used for the analysis) in the finished products. Based on the overall score for sensor quality, the boiled and dried products met the evaluator's requirements. Average scores for boiled products were slightly higher than for dried products, although the difference was small. The overall sensory score influenced the selection of some experimental groups as treatments in which the products received the highest scores. Four out of 6 evaluators gave the highest rating (92.33 - 96.33%) to the samples of boiled sheep meat products obtained under the following conditions: time 1 hour and 47 minutes and temperature 65 - 75 °C. The majority of evaluators (4 out of 6) gave the highest score to sheep meat samples (89 - 95.33%), which were obtained by the drying process under the following conditions: drying time 2 hours at a temperature of 14 - 15 °C, smoking time 5 hours at temperature 14 - 15 °C, air circulation 40 - 50 m³/min. and air humidity 85 - 88%. The concentrations of detected heavy metals were within the permitted limit values. The obtained values were not statistically significant, which means that the temperature and time values in the processing had no significant influence on their content. The following PAH compounds were detected in sheep meat products: acenaphthylene (Acy), fluorene (Fln), phenanthrene (Phe), anthracene (Ant) and pyrene (Pyr), while the content of compound considered as toxicity indicator (benzo(a)pyrene) was not detected in the products in any of the experimental groups of boiled and dried products. The results obtained during the conducted research showed that sheep meat products made in industrial conditions according to traditional technologies have a high sensory quality, which indicates their acceptability by consumers. In addition, these products are completely safe for consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disinfection and sterilization based on the use of UVC radiation are the key technologies ensuring health and safety. Their reliability depends on assuring the effectiveness of the performed process. In recent years, the rapid development of LED sources emitting high-power radiation in the UVC range has been observed, and there is a growing interest in using them in a variety of smart applications, mostly because they are easy to control, do not contain hazardous substances, and there are prospects to increase their energy efficiency. However, the literature does not provide enough knowledge on the reliability of disinfection with high-power UVC LEDs. This research aims to present a methodology of linking the performance characteristics with assessing the forecasted changes in the disinfection efficiency of exemplary UVC high-power LEDs caused by thermal and temporal changes in their characteristics. Based on the performed degradation test, the impact of the temperature and time of operation of the high-power UVC LEDs on the effectiveness of disinfection was evaluated, and the required disinfection times for exemplary pathogens were calculated. The results reveal a strong influence of the time of operation of high-power UVC LEDs on the disinfection reliability caused by the degradation of their optical power but with a low significance of wavelength shift. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study evaluated the practice of Medication Safety and assesses the knowledge of medication safety practices among hospital pharmacists in a teaching hospital in southeast Nigeria. It was a quantitative study divided broadly into two phases. Phase one involved the collection of the medication error forms filled by pharmacists in the hospital over 3 months; January – March 2021. The second phase was the administration of self-completed questionnaires. The data was collected and analyzed. The medication errors encountered were assessed, classified, and the prevalence determined. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise the data. Overall, 68 medication error forms were collected over the 3-month data collection period. The top category of prescribing error was dose/frequency omitted (24.65%), followed by duration/stop date omitted and dose inappropriate (over), both were 17.81%. The medication safety domain to which pharmacists demonstrated the highest positive response rate (PRR) was Personal Influence Over Safety with 63.33% (SD±20.09), and the domain with the lowest positive response rate was Facilitators and Barriers at the Workplace with 46.25% (SD±25.67). Most of the pharmacists answered yes to having filled out the hospital’s medication error form at least once. 3 of the 4 medication safety domains had above-average positive response rates (PRR). The medication safety domain with the lowest PRR was the facilitators and barriers at the workplace domain with 46.25%. There were no significant differences in associations between pharmacists of different ages, years of experience, and different genders in their attitudes toward medication safety; after applying Pearson’s correlation test.

On the basis of routine microbiological tests and selected physicochemical parameters, the quality and food safety of Polish varietal honeys were evaluated. The study included 21 honey samples from 5 varieties (multifloral, honeydew, rapeseed, buckwheat and linden), in which the moisture and extract content, water activity, pH and free acids were determined, and the colony count, the presumptive Bacillus spp., the total fungal count and the presence of anaerobic spore-forming bacilli were examined. More than half (52%, 11/21) of the analyzed honeys contained fewer microorganisms than 10 cfu/g, and in the remaining samples, their numbers ranged from 5 × 101 cfu/g to 4.5 × 102 cfu/g. In all the honeys, the number of presumptive Bacillus spp. in 1 g was less than 10 cfu. In 81% (17/21) of the samples, the total count of fungi in 1 g of honey was less than 10 cfu, and the most contaminated was buckwheat honey (3 samples). The anaerobic spore-forming bacteria was detected in 0.1 g only in one sample of buckwheat honey. The values of the physicochemical parameters did not exceed the accepted limits, which indicated that the honey environment was unfavourable for the development of the tested microbial profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Footwear roughing dust (FRD) is generated from roughing operations involved in footwear manufacturing. The dust is created by the friction of emery paper against the grain surface of finished leather. FRD coming from finished leather is likely to contain chromium, which is widely used for leather processing. Generally, chromium is found in two forms in the leather industry, namely Cr (III) and Cr (VI), of which the latter has an evident and adverse effect on human health. This study aims to identify the major effects of FRD on workers’ health and to find out the correlation with the factors influencing those adverse health effects. In this study, a survey among 30 roughing operators from eight footwear factories in Bangladesh was conducted. The major health effects of FRD are eye irritation, skin itching, chest pain, coughing, and fatigue. This study constructed three hypotheses to investigate whether human health is affected by FRD with working experience, the age of workers, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). The results showed that working experience and use of PPE have distinct influences on the health effects caused by FRD, whereas workers’ age has no impact on their health effects. Finally, some recommendations are formulated to prevent or mitigate workers’ adverse health effects in order to ensure a better working environment in the footwear industry [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pharmacists' knowledge of medication risks and benefits during pregnancy, as well as their competence in making appropriate therapeutic decisions to optimize medication use among pregnant women, is crucial. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of Jordanian pharmacists regarding medication risks and safety during pregnancy and assess their abilities to make appropriate therapeutic decisions and optimize medication use. Methods: A self-administered questionnaire was sent to 400 randomly selected pharmacists practicing in Amman, Jordan. A validated questionnaire, consisting of six sections with predefined options, was employed. Results: A total of 233 pharmacists completed the questionnaire, resulting in a response rate of 58.2%. Nearly 73.4% of pharmacists (N = 171) correctly identified the drug of choice for hypertension during pregnancy. Over 70% of pharmacists (N = 169) determined the correct dose of aspirin to prevent preeclampsia. About 50% of pharmacists exhibited limited knowledge regarding drug risks and safety during pregnancy. There was a significant difference in the pharmacists' scores on all tests based on their marital status and years of experience (p = 0.04 and p = 0.01, respectively). Among pharmacists, 79.8% stated that they studied pharmacotherapy during pregnancy in their undergraduate courses. Conclusion: Pharmacists have demonstrated an inadequate level of preparedness in providing appropriate pharmaceutical care for pregnant women. Therefore, there is an urgent need to collaborate between national health authorities and academic institutions to empower pharmacists and enhance their knowledge and skills necessary to improve the health outcomes of pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Safety & Security Sciences Review / Biztonságtudományi Szemle is the property of Obuda University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cultural safety is a decolonizing and transformative approach to health care aimed at achieving health care that recognizes, respects and nurtures the needs, rights and identities of Indigenous peoples. Such a transformation requires new or radically reimagined professional roles. Based on a rapid review design, this synthesis aimed to identify fundamental characteristics of cultural safety interventions that involved the creation or transformation of professional roles. The 23 included studies presented three main categories of professional roles for cultural safety. These roles were focused on (a) supporting health care system navigation, (b) providing a new or improved service offering, and (c) building organizational capacity to provide culturally safe health care. Our results demonstrate that cultural safety can be implemented by key actors playing different roles at different levels of the health care organization. These roles should be viewed as complementary to one another and be defined and implemented in partnership with Indigenous partners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial planning based on environmental justice is a key activity in the process of the provision of equal rights to live in a safe environment and possess the opportunities of using it. Irrational development of land containing historical earth surface contamination constitutes a severe threat to the health safety of residents, and it may consequently lead to slow violence. This paper's objective is to identify districts of Warsaw where the phenomena of environmental injustice and slow violence in post-industrial areas occur and fill in the indicated knowledge gap in such issues in Poland. The aim is also to answer the question as to whether contamination of the pedosphere and changes in land use in brownfields have a considerable effect on differences related to the health safety of residents of particular districts of Warsaw. The results of analyses of correlations of soil environment risk, health safety of residents, social, and planning conditions show that, in districts with a large share of areas included in the register of historical earth surface contamination, higher-than-average soil environment risk occurs, and it is related to the transformation of brownfields. Wola is a district affected by the phenomenon of slow violence and environmental injustice. According to the research, Wola is an area of accumulation of the highest levels of soil contamination, as well as some of the least favorable indices of health safety of residents and social conditions (in the case of both, Wola takes the second position). It is also a place of dynamic, unplanned transformations of brownfields, resulting in the "discovery" of historical earth surface contamination at the stage of the investment process. As evidenced based on the example of Wola, lack of spatial planning in contaminated areas leads to the exposure of their residents to a higher soil environment risk that may result in reduced health safety and the occurrence of slow violence. Therefore, rational planning of development of land containing historical earth surface contamination, with consideration of the aspects of health safety of residents, is an instrument of provision of environmental justice in terms of access to healthy life and residential environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to evaluate the health safety (concentrations of pesticide residues and heavy metals) and nutritional parameters (macro- and microminerals and crude fibre) of coffee silver skin (CS), as well to isolate proteins from this by-product using an optimised microwave extraction method. The CS by-product samples showed the highest amount of potassium, followed by calcium, magnesium, and sodium. Iron was found in the highest quantity among the microminerals, followed by copper, manganese, zinc, and chromium. The CS sample showed a large amount of fibre and a moderate quantity of proteins obtained by the optimised microwave extraction method. Four heavy metals (nickel, lead, arsenic, and cadmium) were detected, and all were under the permitted levels. Among the 265 analysed pesticides, only three showed small quantity. The results for the proteins extracted by microwave showed that the total protein concentration values ranged from 0.52 ± 0.01 mg/L to 0.77 ± 0.07 mg/L. The highest value of the concentration of total proteins (0.77 ± 0.07 mg/L) was found in the sample treated for 9 min, using a power of 200 W. Based on these results, it can be concluded that CS is a healthy and nutritionally rich nutraceutical that could be used in the production of new products in the food industry and other industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the study: the need to provide antimicrobial packaging using antimicrobial substances of both organic and inorganic origin to ensure the quality and safety of food products in emergency conditions: war, pandemic, etc. The purpose of the article is to highlight the need to create hygienic safety of the population's health and ensure the safety of food products, which are of crucial importance for survival in the conditions of war and the epidemiological situation. Field of application of results. The results of the research can be used in the activities of manufacturing enterprises, enterprises in the field of commodity science, institutions of higher education to increase the effectiveness of practical training of specialists in commodity science. Results of the work. Based on the conducted research, the impact of antimicrobial packaging on ensuring the quality and safety of food products in emergency situations in the country (war, pandemics, etc.) was considered. Conclusions. Therefore, the main purpose of food packaging is to protect them from microbial and chemical contamination, from oxygen, water vapor and light. Therefore, the type of packaging plays an important role in determining the shelf life of food products, especially for storage in special conditions. Thanks to the correct choice of packaging materials and packaging technology, it is possible to guarantee the high quality and freshness of the product during the time required for its industrial production and consumption.

Disinfection and sterilization based on the use of UVC radiation are the key technologies ensuring health and safety. Their reliability depends on assuring the effectiveness of the performed process. In recent years, the rapid development of LED sources emitting high-power radiation in the UVC range has been observed, and there is a growing interest in using them in a variety of smart applications, mostly because they are easy to control, do not contain hazardous substances, and there are prospects to increase their energy efficiency. However, the literature does not provide enough knowledge on the reliability of disinfection with high-power UVC LEDs. This research aims to present a methodology of linking the performance characteristics with assessing the forecasted changes in the disinfection efficiency of exemplary UVC high-power LEDs caused by thermal and temporal changes in their characteristics. Based on the performed degradation test, the impact of the temperature and time of operation of the high-power UVC LEDs on the effectiveness of disinfection was evaluated, and the required disinfection times for exemplary pathogens were calculated. The results reveal a strong influence of the time of operation of high-power UVC LEDs on the disinfection reliability caused by the degradation of their optical power but with a low significance of wavelength shift.

On the basis of routine microbiological tests and selected physicochemical parameters, the quality and food safety of Polish varietal honeys were evaluated. The study included 21 honey samples from 5 varieties (multifloral, honeydew, rapeseed, buckwheat and linden), in which the moisture and extract content, water activity, pH and free acids were determined, and the colony count, the presumptive Bacillus spp., the total fungal count and the presence of anaerobic spore-forming bacilli were examined. More than half (52%, 11/21) of the analyzed honeys contained fewer microorganisms than 10 cfu/g, and in the remaining samples, their numbers ranged from 5 × 101 cfu/g to 4.5 × 102 cfu/g. In all the honeys, the number of presumptive Bacillus spp. in 1 g was less than 10 cfu. In 81% (17/21) of the samples, the total count of fungi in 1 g of honey was less than 10 cfu, and the most contaminated was buckwheat honey (3 samples). The anaerobic spore-forming bacteria was detected in 0.1 g only in one sample of buckwheat honey. The values of the physicochemical parameters did not exceed the accepted limits, which indicated that the honey environment was unfavourable for the development of the tested microbial profile.

Copyright of Res Historica is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the study was to determine the doses of selected bioelements delivered to the body as a result of consuming water from various types of intakes (surface water from the river, water from infiltration wells, treated water directed to the water supply system) and additionally as a result of using bottled water. The present study analysed the content of 33 elements in water, grouped into microelements, ultratrace elements and other elements found in the aquatic environment. The majority of those elements are essential to proper human development and functioning. They can enter the human body together with water: (a) ingested directly, (b) present in food, (c) inhaled or (d) absorbed through skin. The results obtained were compared with the chemical composition of 29 types of bottled water (mineral and spring water) available in the retail market. Reference doses for each of the parameters were calculated in accordance with the US EPA guidelines and compared with the doses recommended in other research studies. Two water treatment plants (WTPs and WTPss) located in southern Poland were selected as research facilities. Water treatment plants treat surface water from rivers and groundwater from infiltration wells using sand filters. It was found that the average mineralisation of water supplied in the water distribution system ranges from 0.15 to 0.2 mg dm-3, which indicates that it has characteristics of natural low-mineral spring water. It provides 0.0001%-0.0003% of the recommended daily intake (RDI) for Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, and Sn for children and for adults. The novelty of the article is the determination of the doses of microelements in bottled water. Bottled mineral water provides considerably higher doses of microelements than the values stemming from the RDI. The delivered doses of carcinogenic and potentially carcinogenic elements are of particular importance. In the case of Al, Cr, and Ni, the total recommended dose was exceeded 1 to 2 times for children and 1.5-7 times for adults. It was demonstrated that consumers should be careful about drinking water with an elevated content of microelements that are characterized by a very small, yet critical difference between the reference dose and the recommended dose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the research conducted for the purpose of this article was the crisis generated by the COVID 19 p andemic, which continues to spread around the world. An attempt was made to define the current and anticipated consequences of the pandemic in terms of several areas of the broadly understood concept of safety. Purpose: The purpose of the article was to present one of the possible methods for examination of the multidimensional safety problems generated by the pandemic at a national and international level. Method: The article was prepared using a problem based approach and elements of the heuristic method: the new look method and the analogue method The research part was, in turn, based on critical document analysis. Results: The article demonstrates the possibilities offered by a holistic researc h perspective and the need for an inter and transdiscipli nary approach. On the basis of the current experience with the pandemic, several theoretical models were suggested for examining the consequences of COVID 19 and prepare for similar challenges in the future The applicability of these models was previously tested empirically in relation to the crisis management system in Poland. Conclusions: The conclusions may have cognitive and practical value, especially in relation to safety systems and the related subsystem of health safety, as well as for education.

In recent years, the sanitization of environments, devices, and objects has become mandatory to improve human and environmental safety, in addition to individual protection and prevention measures. International studies considered ozone one of the most useful and easy sanitization methods for indoor environments, especially hospital environments that require adequate levels of disinfection. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the microclimate influence on sanitizing procedure for indoor settings with ozone, to prevent infections and ensure the safe use of the environments. The concentration of ozone was measured during sanitization treatment and estimation of microorganisms' survival on the air and different contaminated plates after the sanitization operations were performed. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in the microbial count that always fell below the threshold value in different conditions of distance, temperature, and relative humidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This academic article reviews the air transport in Thailand, specifically the situation and the outlook. The authors surveyed and collect the data from secondary sources both internally and internationally including the public sector annual report, private, and academicians. The situation has been predicted into three phase cases including; best case scenario, moderate, and worst-case scenario. Additionally, the service quality, the reskills and upskills for employee acquiring new skills, the organization transformation, and the technology adaptation are required. More importantly, the health safety plan and policies of air carriers shall be implemented and communicate to the public to assure their safe journey. Meanwhile, the adoption of technology could also minimize the repetitive work and human contact but it could provide new air travel experiences. The earliest the air transport industry was revitalized; it means the socioeconomic improvement.

The aim of this research was to evaluate the health safety (concentrations of pesticide residues and heavy metals) and nutritional parameters (macro- and microminerals and crude fibre) of coffee silver skin (CS), as well to isolate proteins from this by-product using an optimised microwave extraction method. The CS by-product samples showed the highest amount of potassium, followed by calcium, magnesium, and sodium. Iron was found in the highest quantity among the microminerals, followed by copper, manganese, zinc, and chromium. The CS sample showed a large amount of fibre and a moderate quantity of proteins obtained by the optimised microwave extraction method. Four heavy metals (nickel, lead, arsenic, and cadmium) were detected, and all were under the permitted levels. Among the 265 analysed pesticides, only three showed small quantity. The results for the proteins extracted by microwave showed that the total protein concentration values ranged from 0.52 ± 0.01 mg/L to 0.77 ± 0.07 mg/L. The highest value of the concentration of total proteins (0.77 ± 0.07 mg/L) was found in the sample treated for 9 min, using a power of 200 W. Based on these results, it can be concluded that CS is a healthy and nutritionally rich nutraceutical that could be used in the production of new products in the food industry and other industries.

How to improve the adoption of green control techniques by farmers under the trend of continuous labor outflow is of vital importance to ensure food safety and promote sustainable agricultural development in China. Previous studies focused on the impact of changes in the economic value perception caused by labor migration on the adoption of green control techniques by farmers. However, the potential contribution of health safety and ecological safety perceptions to the adoption of techniques has not been fully discussed. This article established a theoretical framework including 'labor migration-value perception-green control technology adoption'. Based on the field survey data of 712 rural households in Hubei and Jiangxi provinces, this study used the Ordered Probit model and linear regression model to investigate the impact of labor migration on farmers' adoption of green control techniques and its mechanism. The results showed that: First, labor migration had a positive impact on the farmers' adoption of green control techniques. The above conclusion was still valid after considering the possible endogeneity and measurement errors caused by missing variables. Second, the analysis of the mechanism found that the greater the proportion of migrant workers, the stronger the farmers' perception of the economic value of adopting green control techniques, and the stronger the perception of health safety and ecological safety brought to themselves and their families, thus promoting farmers to adopt green control techniques. The three intermediary effects accounted for 20.3%, 34.1%, and 24.0% of the total effect. Third, farmers' health, years of education, planting scale, technical training and technical subsidies also had a significant impact on farmers' adoption of green control techniques. Therefore, strengthening farmers' vocational training and agricultural technology training to improve their ability to participate, and relying on the government, enterprises, and new media to cultivate farmers' comprehensive technical awareness can be effective methods to promote and popularize green control techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Skin cancer attributed to sunlight exposure has an increasing trend worldwide, resulting in increased problems for healthcare services. This study aimed to evaluate the health safety practices of high school students in Saveh, Iran according to a sun protection guideline produced locally for Iran. Method This cross-sectional study was done in 31 government and private high schools of Saveh, a central city of Iran. A sun protection questionnaire was designed in accordance with Iran sun protection guideline which has been developed based on the World Health Organization and US Environmental Protection Agency guidelines. The questionnaire consists of four sections of demographic information, knowledge, attitude, and protection behavior. A total of 504 students were selected by simple random sampling method. Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple linear regression analysis were used to assess the correlation between knowledge, attitude and behavior of the participants. Results The mean score of the students’ knowledge, attitude, and behavior regarding harmfulness of ultraviolet radiation was 50.79 ± 14.64, 60.41 ± 15.04, and 45 ± 11.59, respectively. A significant association was observed between attitude and knowledge, behavior and knowledge as well as attitude. There was a significant correlation between sex and protective behaviors, sex and knowledge (p ≤ 0.001), and education level and knowledge (p = 0.002). Conclusion students who protected themselves from sunlight less than others believed that their protection level was adequate. Health concerns related to sun exposure suggest the need for increasing the student’s awareness in sun protection area. As behavior is influenced by cultural aspects, implementation of the current guideline can be effective in reducing the health effects of sun exposure.

In order to improve the quality and health safety of fermented milk, soya fermented by different lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was used. It was found that soya fermented by solid state (SSF) and submerged (SmF) fermentation can be used for the processing of innovative fermented milk, because the final product is enriched with soya proteins and LAB. Lactobacillus sakei in milk-soya samples, treated with submerged fermentation, was responsible as the strain for low active acidity (pH 4.62), high titratable acidity (99.0 T) and degradation of lactose (up to 4.18%) P ≤ 0.05, lower amounts of D(-) lactic acid isomers, biogenic amines and high acceptability of the final product. The results showed a possibility for innovations to use LAB, especially L. sakei, in soya fermentation and production of fermented milk products of valuable composition.

Abstract The term “Lotus Birth” identifies the practice of not cutting the umbilical cord and of leaving the placenta attached to the newborn after its expulsion until it detaches spontaneously, which generally occurs 3–10 days after birth. The first reported cases of Lotus Birth date back to 2004 in Australia. Supporters of such a procedure claim that the newborn is better perfused, endowed with a more robust immune system and “less stressed”. However, it should be pointed out that histopathological study of the placenta is increasingly being requested in order to investigate problems of an infective nature or dysmaturity affecting the foetus, and situations of risk affecting the mother. Moreover, from the legal standpoint, there is no uniform position on the question of whether the placenta belongs to the mother or to the newborn. Lastly, a proper conservation of the embryonic adnexa is very difficult and includes problems of a hygiene/health, infectivological and medico-legal nature. The authors analyzed all these aspect in the Italian legislative framework, reaching the conclusion that Lotus Birth is inadvisable from both the scientific and logical/rational points of view.

Health is not only a public good, but also a means of prosperity, and a strategically important goal in the policy of any state. In this article we discuss how Japan has dealt with epidemics over time, the evolution of the Japanese healthcare system especially related to patient safety and life expectancy, and the current confrontation with the Covid-19 pandemic, including the Covid-19 vaccination in a difficult and controversial global context. Japan sparked imagination and curiosity long ago. It is interesting to follow the specific cultural approach, on the one hand tributary to extreme traditionalism, and on the other hand to modernization and technologization at the highest level visible especially in urban spaces applied in many Japanese fields of activity, including the health system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 has impacted all aspects of everyday normalcy globally. During the height of the pandemic, people shared their (PI) with one goal—to protect themselves from contracting an “unknown and rapidly mutating” virus. The technologies (from applications based on mobile devices to online platforms) collect (with or without informed consent) large amounts of PI including location, travel, and personal health information. These were deployed to monitor, track, and control the spread of the virus. However, many of these measures encouraged the trade-off on privacy for safety. In this paper, we reexamine the nature of privacy through the lens of safety focused on the health sector, digital security, and what constitutes an infraction or otherwise of the privacy rights of individuals in a pandemic as experienced in the past 18 months. This paper makes a case for maintaining a balance between the benefit, which the contact tracing apps offer in the containment of COVID-19 with the need to ensure end-user privacy and data security. Specifically, it strengthens the case for designing with transparency and accountability measures and safeguards in place as critical to protecting the privacy and digital security of users—in the use, collection, and retention of user data. We recommend oversight measures to ensure compliance with the principles of lawful processing, knowing that these, among others, would ensure the integration of privacy by design principles even in unforeseen crises like an ongoing pandemic; entrench public trust and acceptance, and protect the digital security of people.

The corona virus has emerged as a dreaded disease globally, and it is no longer a news that the virus is a killer disease. It has paralyzed individual and nations' economic activities due to the governments' orders made to curtail its spread. Based on this, the researchers explored parental responses to social and safety needs of their school children during the pandemic in Ogun State, Nigeria. Four research questions were raised, and a questionnaire titled "COVID-19 Pandemic and Parental Response to School Children Survey" (online) was used to elicit data from 5,340 respondents. The data collected were analyzed using frequency count, simple percentage, mean, standard deviation, and Analysis of Variance. The findings revealed that the parental response to their children social needs was high, while their response to safety needs was low. Also, it was discovered that there was a significant influence between parental socioeconomic background and the needs of school-age children. It was therefore recommended that, parents must have intimate relationship with their children by meeting their needs, protecting them, and never allow communication gap between them and their children. The government also should assist parents in meeting the needs of the school-age children, especially in the time of crises or emergencies like the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, microbiological quality of drinking water deriving from the private wells from Koprivnica-Križevci County was investigated. A total of 287 samples from different locations were collected during 2018 and analysed for the following microbiological parameters: total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Clostridium perfringens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and the number of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria at 36 °C and 22 °C. The results showed that 24 % of the analysed water samples were of unsatisfactory microbiological quality, with high incidence of faecal contamination. Well water is still the main source of drinking water for many residents of this County, especially in its rural parts, so continuous monitoring and disinfection of drinking water deriving from private wells is of exceptional importance for the public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pandemic caused by the COVID-19 has caused disorders and enormous damage in all modes of transport. Carriers as well as transport users have faced great challenges of maintaining traffic. Measures and requirements imposed on them were often obscure, imprecise, and the journey itself was uncertain. Passengers were in fear of whether they would be able to reach their destination, but also whether they will succeed in preserving their health. Carriers, on the other hand, have also sought to adapt and provide passengers with safe transport. Nevertheless, the pandemic caused financial collapse of many carriers, landed the world fleet and closed many airports. Various legal instruments related to the protection of public health are applied in air transport, and they have been adopted within the framework of the World Health Organisation (WHO), the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) and the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA), which will be presented in the paper. Various epidemiological measures related to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic have been prescribed in air transport, applicable during the journey, which have certain specifics in relation to other modes of transport. The paper will present epidemiological measures as well as the procedure applied when there is a passenger on the flight who shows symptoms of an infectious disease, and new procedures related to transport of goods. It will also address the obligation to complete certain forms and provide various information as well as the obligation to compensate costs for cancelled flights. There is no doubt that the COVID-19 pandemic has a significant economic impact on air transport, and efforts will be made to present measures and provide forecasts for the recovery of air traffic in the period that follows. The paper will also address the question as to whether existing legislation and measures are appropriate, whether relevant international organisations have taken prompt measures to protect and ensure air transport during the pandemic, and whether sufficient measures have been taken to protect the health of passengers on the flight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the theoretical and practical aspects related to the essence and functioning of the HACCP system in selected catering companies. Design/methodology/approach: The article uses the method of analyzing the content of the HACCP book of two companies. The thematic scope relates to the research question: does the HACCP system help in appropriate production management in catering companies? Findings: The research shows that Food monitoring and proper storage temperature control are strictly adhered to thanks to the HACCP system. All the established activities and rules in the HACCP system greatly help in the proper management of production, mainly by preventing the occurrence of a hazard. The system HACCP controls the entire production process, so you can be sure that the finished product is safe. Research limitations/implications: The limitations encountered by the author are mainly the reluctance of companies to present the functioning of HACCP in their area. It is difficult to get a company to provide HACCP documentation. Practical implications: The practical implications of the article are the strengthening of the importance of HACCP in the surveyed companies. The owner will change the menu – there will be a note about the functioning of the HACCP system in the restaurant. Research has strengthened the company's marketing. Originality/value: The article has value for owners of catering businesses. Originality consists in presenting the HACCP quality manual and discussing its records. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]