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El artículo aborda la historia de una diferenciación espacial cada vez menos importante en el presente: la distinción urbano-rural. Para ello, se opta por un enfoque analítico espacial que se pregunta cómo se constituyen, utilizan y perciben los espacios urbanos y cómo cambian con el tiempo los espacios urbanos, su percepción y representación. Las fuentes analizadas son vistas de ciudades de principios de la Edad Moderna, así como mapas urbanos específicos. El principal objetivo es discernir cómo se representan en las vistas y los mapas los límites de la ciudad o la demarcación de los suburbios y el campo circundante. Esta demarcación se entiende como una construcción iconográfica que contribuyó igualmente a conformar la idea de territorio urbano y rural, de estilos de vida urbanos frente a los rurales; en definitiva, a definir urbanidad y ruralidad. Sin embargo, un análisis más detallado de mapas individuales (el mapa de Zúrich de Jos Murer, así como un mapa de París de Jean Delagrive) nos permite deducir que la representación de territorios extraurbanos o suburbios podía tener razones políticas o administrativas. De esta forma, como muy tarde en el siglo XVIII, los mapas se convirtieron también en un instrumento de las administraciones urbanas, que, en ocasiones, trataban de impedir la expansión del espacio urbano.

In the shadows of a Shinto torii (gateway) in São Paulo's 'Japanese' neighbourhood rests the city's first burial ground for enslaved Africans. Recently unearthed, the gravesite is one of the few visible remains of the Liberdade neighbourhood's significance in São Paulo's 'Black zone'. This article excavates the history of the nearby Remedies church, the headquarters of Brazil's Underground Railroad and a long-time museum to the enslaved. The 1942 demolition of the Remedies church, I argue, comprised part of a spatial project of forgetting centred on razing the city's 'Black zone' and reproducing São Paulo as a non-Black, ethnically immigrant metropolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo propone reflexionar en torno a las humanidades, la historia espacial y algunas expe­riencias que han combinado datos, mapas antiguos y sistemas digitales para la georreferenciación de fuentes y su visualización en mapas. Se argumenta que estas herramientas y su uso en la historia espacial tienen un gran potencial para enriquecer la comprensión sobre la historia de la ciudad, no solo a partir de las nuevas posibilidades en el manejo y organización de fuentes, sino también mediante las formas de análisis y colaboración que permiten los nuevos escenarios de las narrativas espaciales. Con ello se evidencian tanto las vías metodológicas que han abierto estas herramientas, como los desafíos a futuro que les plantean a quienes quieran hacer uso de ellas.

The article aims to reflect on the humanities, spatial history and some experiences that have combined data, old maps and digital systems for the georeferencing of sources and their visualization on maps. It is argued that these tools and their use in spatial history have great potential to enrich the understanding of the history of the city, not only from the new possibilities in the management and organization of sources, but also through the forms of analysis and collaboration that allow the new scenarios of spatial narratives. This shows both the methodological paths that these tools have opened, as well as the future challenges that they pose to those who want to use them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumo Na América portuguesa explode em finais de 1660 um protesto no qual a elite local depõe o governador régio e assume a gestão da cidade do Rio de Janeiro por cinco meses. Em 1675, na colônia inglesa da Virginia, homens de fronteira somados a outros segmentos atacam o governador e seus aliados, deflagrando uma guerra civil conhecida como Revolta de Bacon, em homenagem ao seu principal líder. Este artigo examina um fenômeno espacial observado a partir do contraste entre essas duas rebeliões. Enquanto em terras fluminenses as ações rebeldes convergem para o espaço da cidade de São Sebastião do Rio de Janeiro reforçando o papel central da capital onde as negociações e os protestos se concentraram, na Virginia, ao contrário, a dispersão espacial é flagrante, com o esvaziamento da capital Jamestown que foi totalmente incendiada durante os conflitos que se espalham pelo território.

This article analyses efforts by the state of Oaxaca to mark its border from 1856 to 1912. State officials hoped to demarcate a permanent border along the frontier as a way to delineate a peaceful ending to on-going boundary disputes, some of which allegedly dated to pre-Columbian times. The activity of marking Oaxaca's boundary effectively represented a literal process of Mexican state formation. Oaxaca officials attempted to negotiate the state's jurisdictional limits in cooperation with other federations as well as with their own citizens as they located the parameters of the state and the limits of its authority during the era. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Vulnerability-in-production is offered as a theoretical construct to highlight two interrelated aspects of vulnerability: a process where landscapes are altered and developed in a manner that retains their productivity for property owners and other stakeholders and a recursive and relational process that is always in production and inscribed unevenly over time and space. The 1991 Oakland Hills (Tunnel) Firestorm remains the largest conflagration—in terms of numbers of dwellings destroyed—in California's history. Using the Tunnel Fire as a starting point for analysis, this article argues for the dedicated application of spatial history analysis to vulnerability. A first spatial history section highlights how land development strategies from the mid-1800s to the early 1900s contributed to the production of vulnerable conditions in Oakland. A second section describes how conservative homeowner politics and state tax restructuring spanning the 1950s to the 1980s further generated vulnerabilities throughout the city. A third spatial history section reveals processes that undergird and connect uneven patterns of affluence and vulnerability within Oakland. Collectively, these sections enhance our epistemic commitment to the study of vulnerability through spatial–historical analysis that uses diverse data, visualizations, and analytic techniques; our understanding of vulnerability as a recursive and relational process; and our appreciation for the political ecological nature of vulnerability—where affluence and levels of net vulnerability are highly uneven yet also deeply intertwined in their production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]