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The literature review presented in the bachelor thesis focuses on the ma-nagement and characterization of cattle breeding, specifically the Aberdeen Angus, Limousin, and Charolais breeds. The following chapter describes ecological ag-riculture, as the thesis includes companies that breed cattle in organic farming. The upcoming chapter of the thesis centers on the reproduction of beef cattle breeds. The aim of this thesis was to conduct a comprehensive and continuous analysis throughout the year by which to evaluate the level of reproduction and ma-nagement. The practical part focuses on evaluation the course of delivery, pregnancy diagnosis results, weight of calves at birth and weaning, and the results from semen examination. The data for this thesis were collected from six companies using ac-companying lists of cattle, animal husbandry records, and bull spermograms. In the conclusion of the thesis, the results are summarized and evaluated. Companies specializing in Limousin and Charolais breeding include their bulls in herd for approximately two months. The company that focuses on breeding Aberdeen Angus has its bulls in herd for most of the year. More frequent occurrence of difficult births was recorded for the Limousin breed at the Rolnická Skalná company, and their number significantly exceeded the average incidence of complicated births for this breed. A higher incidence of di-fficult births was also analyzed for the Charolais breed at the SPO-ZEM Nový Kos-tel company. The number of difficult births recorded at the company specializing in breeding Aberdeen Angus slightly exceeded the breed's average. The highest success rate of pregnancy was found in the companies SPO-ZEM Nový Kostel, Farmy Třebeň, and Anonymu. The Naturland company achieved unsatisfactory levels of pregnancy rates. Companies breeding Limousin achieved lower birth weights, nonetheless the values were satisfactory. Weaning weights of calves in these companies were suita-ble. Companies focused on breeding Charolais achieved unsatisfactory average birth weight values but excellent weaning weight values. For the Aberdeen Angus breed, satisfactory average weaning weight was achieved for heifers, while the weight of bulls was lower than usual for the breed. From the total of 12 monitored bulls, all were fertile at the beginning of the breeding season, infertility was diagnosed in three bulls, and one bull had a high number of immobile spermatozoa. In these bulls, a treatment was applied, which was found to be effective only in two breeding males after the third collection. Bulls for which the treatment was ineffective were removed from the breeding pro-gram.

The paper presents research into the changes of properties in cement-bonded particleboards caused by moisture saturation over the course of 504 h. Three particleboard variants were tested, all at the age of 18 months. The first is a standard production-line board manufactured by CIDEM Hranice, a.s. (identified as CP-R). The other two variants were modified by by-products of the particleboard manufacturing process—dust (CP-D) and a particulate mixture (CP-P). The experiment observed changes in the boards’ dimensions, volume, and mass. The effect of moisture on their basic material properties was also investigated. While the boards were being saturated by water, changes in their structure were examined using an optical microscope. It was found that the boards behave differently depending on their composition. Also there were differences in the dynamics of the property changes. The modified particleboards are more susceptible to dimensional and volume changes. Both, volume and mass undergo the most significant changes during the first 24 h. Cracks and air voids inside the wood chips begin to close upon contact with water as a result of swelling. It was observed by optical microscopy that this process occurs within 3 to 5 min since immersion in the water bath. Between 24 and 96 h the rate at which the air voids and pores are closing begins to decrease and there is a difference in the dynamics of mass and volume changes as well. Wet–dry cycling of the boards was analysed as well. Temperature and moisture fluctuations negatively affected particleboard behaviour and properties. Strength dropped up to 50%. Wider cracks in structure of the particleboards were detected by optical microscopy, namely in ITZ (internal transition zone) of cement matrix and spruce chips. Článek prezentuje výzkum zamšřený na změny vlastností cementotřískových desek způsobené saturací desek vodou po dobu 504 hod. Byly testovány tři varianty desek ve stáří 18 měsíců. První sada desek je referenční, tj. standardně průmyslově vyráběná spol. CIDEM Hranice, a.s. (CP-R). Ostatní dvě sady jsou modifikované vedlejšími produkty z výroby cementotřískových desek - prachem (CP-D) a částicovou směsí (CP-P). Byly testovány změny rozměrů, objemu a hmotnosti desek. Vliv vlhkosti na mateirálové vlastnosti desek byl rovněž zkoumán. Byly sledovány změny strukutry optickým mikroskopem při ponoření desek do vody. Bylo potvrzeno rozdílné chování desek v závislosti na složení desek. Byly prokázány diference v dynamice změn hodnocených parametrů. Desky modifikovaného složení jsou náchylnější k rozměrovým a objemovým změnám, ovšem vyhoví požadavkům technických norem. Mechanické vlastnosti desek nebyly negativně ovlivněny. Objemové i hmotnostní změny probíhají nejvýrazněji v časovém intervalu do cca 24 hod. Trhliny a dutiny v oblasti dřevěných třísek jsou při kontaktu desek s vodou postupně vyplňovány bobtnajícími třískami. Optickým mikroskopem bylo potvrzeno, že toto nastává přibližně do 3 až 5 minut od ponoření do vody. V rozmezí 24 – 96 hod již rychlost zaplňování dutin a pórů v deskách klesá. Dynamika změn objemu a hmotnosti je odlišná. Bylo také analyzováno cyklické střídání vlhkého a suchého prostředí. Teplotní a vlhkostí výkyvy negativně ovlivnily chování desek a jejich vlastnosti. Pevnost poklesla až o 50 %. Optickými mikroskopem byly identifikování širší trhliny ve struktuře takto zatěžovaných desek, zejména pak v ITZ (interfaciální tranzitní zóně) cementové matrice a smrkových třísek.

This thesis is focused on an experiment dealing with fertilization of silage corn. The experiment was realized in 2021 in the agricultural enterprise Zemko Kožlí a.s. The field experiment was founded with a hybrid ES Joker and was fertilized with various combinations of fertilizers. In total, eight fertilization variants were created for the experiment in two repetitions. Fertilizers DAM 390, Urea and Amofos were used for fertilization. During the vegetation, differences between fertilization variants were monitored, namely in the number of plants, increase of above-ground biomass, weight of individual plants, weight and number of individual buds, and finally in the total yield from each variant. An additional criterion-em was the evaluation of the percentage of dry matter and the economic evaluation of each variant. The largest yield was recorded for the variant that was fertilized only with nitrogen in the fertilizer Urea. The lowest yield, on the other hand, was for the fertilized phosphorus variants in the fertilizer Amofos in combination with nitrogen in the fertilizer DAM 390. With the increasing dose of industrial fertilizers, the yield of biomass decreased. Experiments of corn fertilized with phosphorus reached higher dry matter.

The topic of this bachelor thesis is "Dependence of noise in the PET image of the liver on the applied activity, weight and BMI of the patient". Positron emission tomography (PET) is currently one of the most widely used examinations in the field of oncological diseases. The goal of the bachelor thesis is to monitor the noise in the PET image of the liver during positron emission tomography (PET) with FDG (fluorodeoxyglucose) depending on the applied activity, weight and BMI of the patient. Another goal of this work is to propose an alternative algorithm taking into account BMI in order to maintain the image quality and reduce the radiation exposure associated with the examination in addition to the existing algorithm for determining the activity of the applied amount of FDG based purely on patient weight. In connection with these goals, a hypothesis was developed where, taking into account the patient's BMI in determining the activity of the applied amount of FDG, the radiation exposure associated with the examination can be reduced while maintaining the noise level. In the introduction to this bachelor's thesis, I focused on a detailed description of the principle of the PET imaging method, it´s construction and everything associated with the PET imaging method. A substantial part of the theory of this work is occupied by information related to the quality of the PET image, especially the noise level. I also specified the individual radiopharmaceuticals used in the field of PET and I focused more attention on the radiopharmaceutical FDG, which is crucial for this work. Part of this bachelor thesis also deals with the applied activity and the elements related to it, is weight and BMI. In the last part of the bachelor thesis I focused on the description of the hybrid PET / CT method. The practical part was focused on quantitative research. For this research, it was first determined what parameters will need to be found for the processing of the practical part and then data were collected from patients examined by FDG PET / CT at the PET center in the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s. for the calendar year 2021. This data was then graphically plotted and finally used for analysis. In addition to the dependence of noise on patient weight, a representation of weight on patient BMI was created. The results of the practical part showed that the noise is affected by the applied activity, weight and BMI of the patient and based on further analysis, the initial hypothesis was confirmed. The final results of this work can be further used to optimize the examination protocol in the PET center of the Hospital of České Budějovice a.s.

The diploma thesis deals with the monitoring of reproduction and weight gain in exhibition Dutch pet rabbits. The breed in which the work was monitored has stably 25 females and 8 - 10 males. During the breeding season, this breed base produces approximately 370 - 400 young rabbits. In the literary part of this work is described the history and origin of rabbit breeding in our country, the breed standard Dutch black, as well as general information about the sexual system, rabbit breeding and nutrition of these animals. The practical part includes monitoring, which deals with a given number of litters for the breeding period, in which natality and mortality, weight gains, the course of rearing and the drawing of the breed are monitored. In addition, behavior, pregnancy, childbirth and litter care are observed in females in breeding. At the end of the thesis, these findings are processed and the whole breeding is evaluated according to the obtained data.

Aim of the work: The aim of this work was based on a questionnaire survey to find out the respondents' views on whether smoking cigarettes, electronic cigarettes and the use of heated tobacco affects body weight, including gender differences. The secondary aim was determined with any likelihood of replacing respondents who vape EC or use heated tobacco according to a variable flavor, food, or snack of EC or heated tobacco. Methods: An anonymous online questionnaire consisting of 18 questions was spreaded via Facebook in the Spolucestování, Kolej 17. listopadů and 1. LF UK Nutriční terapeuti interest groups from 21 April 2021 to 31 March 2021, as well as through the discussion forums of the eMimino and Mamaguru websites. Only individuals who smoke cigarettes, vape electronic cigarettes with nicotine or use heated tobacco could participate in the questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was completed by 190 respondents. , while 6 respondents were excluded due to incomplete answers or failure to meet the entry criteria. The final set includes 184 respondents. Results: The group of 184 respondents consisted of 101 women and 83 men. Average age of the group was 27.63 ± 8.20 years, average age of women 27.10 ± 7.53 years, average age of men 28.27 ± 8.96 years. The result shows that 34% of...

Object of this thesis was evaluating growth ability of galloway calves in chosen company. Source of dates was KUMP and the observed period was from 2005 to 2020, ie a total of sixteen years. In thesis was observed indicators of growth ability, specifically achieved weight in 120 and 210 days with increments during inspected years per observed period and their comparison between bulls and heifers. Furthermore, the effect on these abilities of each breeding bull, that was active in herd, and effect on number of calved females or their parity. Finally, a comparison of the achieved values in monitored company with the average in Czech Republic. Large differences were found between bulls and heifers, where bulls achieved on average, about of 10 % higher values of gained weight and gain than heifers. A significant effect was also found according to the order of calving, when the growth abilities of calves are improved from the sixth birth, thanks to better milkiness of cows. The effect of breeding bull is quite noticeable, because the biggest difference between the minimum and maximal achieved average weight in 120 and 210 days is 38 kg for heifers and 54 kg for bulls.

The understanding of rock mass has great benefits in engineering and geology. This understanding can benefit in the field of colonizing and terraforming other planetary bodies. To achieve this task, we can begin by using current methods to see if we can evaluate rock mass and if these can be inferred to understanding rock mass on other planetary bodies. Therefore, this bachelor's thesis is sought to examine if the use of compositional and volume information in order to figure out the mass of a rock pebbles on planetary bodies. For this purpose, 3D computing Photogrammetry method and X-ray Fluorescence methods were used to derive the necessity physical quantities for the mass computing. Five rocks where used in this study. Data was collected and analyzed using the two methods, software program and instruments. The results showed use of the two methods were accurate and efficient. Compare to the classic methods, these two methods proved as efficient and accurate.

Bachelor thesis focuses on the design and verification of an intervention programme aimed at developing endurance in women. Women aged twenty to thirty years were selected for the research. The aim of the work was to create and implement a three-month intervention programme aimed at developing endurance in women aged twenty to thirty years, which was conducted three times a week. At the beginning of the intervention programme, the first measurement and weighing was carried out, in the middle of the second and final measurements and weighing after its completion. The Cooper Test was chosen as a means of evaluation. It was a 12-minute endurance run in the same terrain. We've been examining the distance and heart rate of the women. The regularity of the trainings managed to achieve a decrease in heart rate and the longer distance for a given time, and in some cases a weight loss was also achieved. Key words

The aim of this work was to create a database of parameters from selected agricultural technology usable for computer simulation of soil compaction caused by traveling agricultural equipment over the land. Above all, these were the vertical loads under the individual axles, the total weight, the tires used and other parameters characterizing the selected technique. It was a technique chosen in two companies near Milevsko and Sedlčany. The energy pullers included Massey Ferguson and Steyer tractors, which were configured with manure spreaders, forage harvesters, semi-trailers, and rollers. In the theoretical part of the thesis there is a description of what would be helfull and also a description of the selected technique.. The technical parameters and their use in the company are described for each machine. The machines are assigned photos for their demonstration. In the practical part of the bachelor thesis are recorded the measured results in tables. These tables also include the conversion of the measured values into percentages of each of the axles of the entire kit, as well as the comparison of the measured values from the machine's nameplate with the measured values. Furthermore, in the practical part of the division of machines according to the company in which the measurement took place and in what sequence. A detailed description of the machines with specific equipment in the company and a description of the vertical load of the individual axles and the total weight of the whole set of the selected machine in the energy tensile configuration.

For my dissertation, I have chosen to monitor and research growing children in Prague and in the Central Bohemian Region. Primarily, I am interested in the growth period of the younger school age (which corresponds to the first degree of compulsory school attendance). However, I also monitored and worked with the growth data of infant and pre-school aged children. The reason for this is that I needed the growth data from a longer period of time for a better assessment. I am really interested in the area of child anthropology because I belive the growth of every child is essential for their future. The final height and weight of the individual, specifically his/her total body proportions, can have a significant influence on their next life. I am convinced that this can have a major influence on the health, social application and self-confidence for each of us. Thanks to a very willing approach of a Prague pediatrician I managed to accumulate the growth data of children living in Prague. I would like to compare the obtained data with the data of children living in the Central Bohemian Region. I was able to gain the growth data of the children thanks to the friendly cooperation of my pupils'parents, my acquaintances and friends. Children were selected according to their health cards. On these cards...

Theme of this work is breeding of cattle meat breed Hereford breed and their crossbreds with Charolais and Czech spotted cattle. We monitored the influence of sex, breed of father and mother, parity and month of calving on the average weight of calves at 120, 210 and 365 days of animal age. Growth of calves in individual cross combinations were evaluated too. The study was performed on the selected herd of 215 pieces of cattle: 85 of Hereford breed, 68 of Charolais breed and 62 of Czech spotted cattle breed. The herd is bred on the private farm with a total area 90ha of pastures located in the South Bohemian village Lhota near Mladosovice. We used information and performance of the herd of cattle between the years: 2017 and 2018. This diploma thesis confirms that higher average weights can be attain as crossbreeding of meat breeds and also by crossbreeds with dual purpose cattle breeds. Calves born in the late months of the year come up to higher average weights too. From the statistical analysis it is possible to prove the influence of the parent combination on the average weights of calves and their weight gains. The lowest weight gains were observed in calves of crossbred combination of Charolais vs. Czech spotted cattle (0.83 kg per day) and the highest values were detected in calves of Charolais vs. Hereford breeds (1 kg per day).

This paper deals with the problem of data collection and processing as a part of the Weight-in-Motion system. The authors present the concept and technical solution of the short time signals processing unit that addresses the given requirements.

This research is science engineering topic based on compositional and volume information to figure out the mass of a rock pebbles on a planetary surface. For this purpose, 3D computing Photogrammetry method and X-ray Fluorescence methods were used to derive the necessity physical quantities for the mass computing First section discusses the moon, its characteristics and possibility of terraforming. The second half of this bachelor's thesis is focused on modeling and its techniques. The final part summarizes the results derived from modeling chapter.

The aim of this bachelor thesis is to create a database of parameters to enable computer modeling and simulation of soil compaction resulting from vertical loads under individual tractor axles. The tractors used for obtaining these parameters were selected in the Author's place of residence and close surroundings. The theoretical part provides tractor comparison by purpose, chassis, frame, fuel, and gearbox. Furthemore the comparison of different types of tyres is included as these affect tractor's weight distribution in relation to the ground. In the practical part, the Author gathered parameters required for the database from a total of 20 tractors, these included manufacturers such as Massey Ferguson, Stey, John Deere, Zetor and New Holland. Some parameters included the vertical loads for front and rear axles, which was then calculated as a percentage of the total load, tractor dimensions, tire sizes and manufacturer, power output, tank volume and year of manufacture.

In three locations in the Czech Republic an analysis of sex ratio and age structure of selected populations of wild boar was conducted in order to assess age and sex structure of hunted game. The analysis was conducted in 2016-2018 during organised hunts without distinction of sex and age. Altogether, 665 wild boars were assessed, out of which 384 were females and 281 males. Sex was identified with each head, so was their age – according to teeth development, and their weight – using scales. According to the results, the sex ratio is deteriorating with growing age, leaving more females; examined locations show poor structure of game from the point of view of both age and sex. Although farrowing was at its highest in spring, it is happening all year round.

Topic: Comparison of bodytypes and proportions to performance of athletes Goal: The goal is to compare bodytypes of world elite athletes from past and present in athletic throws. Second goal is to compare weight and height in different disciplines. Methods: Research in specialized sources, analyse and comparison athletes bodytypes. Comparison of bodytypes with performances in disciplines. Results: We created a document which contain if body proportions are affecting on a throwers performance in short and long therm. From our results is obvious that hight and weight are really matters in some disciplines. We found a strong dependence in javelin throw and in shot put. In disciplines where prevails rotation moves is dependence much low or there is practicaly none. In the second part we found out differences in hight and weight in throws through the time. Key words: bodytype, long performance, athletic throws, body composition, height, weight, BMI

The main aim of this thesis is to describe relationship between the physical state of wild boars and their ability to reproduce. The study is focused exclusively on wild boars of feminine gender. The sows were firstly examined in relationship to the certain biotope and consequently according to the particular age groups. The core of the research was to confirm or refute whether the litter size is influenced by nutrition of the sows. The samples of the research were gathered in various locations of the Czech Republic, mostly in Bohemia and in the surroundings of Brno. Subsequently, the samples were processed and analysed in a laboratory. The collected data were organized and statistically evaluated. Microsoft Excel was used for processing and graphical presentation of the given data. The outcome of the research confirmed the relation between age, amount of body fat and litter size. The thesis also proved that food abundance supports bigger litter sizes of wild boars.

My study researches the individual male characteristics of Cordulegaster boltonii in relation to their epigamic behavior. The first part of this study analyzes the relations of the measured characteristics (length and height of the wing, wings area, body weight, age), in the second part I assess their possible effect on the epigamic behavior of males of Cordulegaster boltonii, specifically how they affect the intensity of searching for females. Males of this species perform distinctive scanning flights over a stream to find an ovipositing female to mate with her. I used individually marked males to quantify their performance which can be interpreted as reproductive success because more active males are more likely to meet and mate females. My work includes 3 methods of evaluating activity. The first is based on the actual number of flights, the second on the average daily order of the males (based on the number of flights in days when the males have been seen). The third method combines the average daily order with number of days when the males could be seen. In the second part of the study I evaluate the effect of the above-mentioned individual characteristics on the flight activity of males. The outcome of the GLM indicates that the only characteristic with significant effect is the age of the...

The aim of this dissertation was to analyze the relation between the growth intensity of Czech Fleckvieh heifers and their milk production. The dissertation can be divided into five parts. In the first part, the age, weight and average daily gain of the heifers was determined. For the whole research period, 8985 individual weighings were performed. In the second part of the dissertation, the condition of 538 heifers together with the measurement of their cross height was evaluated. In the third part of this work, weighing of live weight of heifers was assessed in relation to their subsequent milk production, which was found in 1867 breeding females with 4536 weighings. The fourth part of the thesis evaluated the effect of age at first calving on selected indicators of milk production in individual lactations in 7871 milk cows. In the fifth part, the influence of the daily gain of heifers on selected meat production indicators was analyzed, where the total number of analyzed heifers was 480 pieces. All the evaluated breeding females were recorded in the main section of the Czech Fleckvieh herd book. In cases where the average daily gain of live weight was measured, the weight of the calf at birth of 32 kg was taken as the initial live weight. The statistical evaluation of the results was carried out in the SAS program. Evaluating the growth of heifers, good results of BCS were achieved by heifers with a high intensity of their growth. The heifers, which reached the highest gains, also had the highest cross height values. Furthermore, it can be stated that the average daily gain of 0.801 to 0.999 kg/day is optimal, as for the milk production, for the heifers aged up to 7 months. An optimal daily gain of older heifers was over 1.000 kg/day. In this dissertation, it was confirmed that the ideal age for the first calving is in the range of 23 to 26 months. When analyzing the beef production of heifers, it was proven that the breeding cows with higher daily gains achieve better classification and heavier carcass weights.

Tobacco use is closely related to changes in body weight. Undesired weight gain following smoking cessation occurs in most patients. The mechanism responsible for changes in body weight post cessation are only partially understood. Several hypotheses have suggested a temporary increase in blood pressure following smoking cessation. In addition, weight concerns after quitting are common, and may affect tobacco dependence treatment outcomes. The aim of our study was to monitor changes in body weight, blood pressure, incretins and selected hormonal parameters among ex-smokers after three months of abstinence. We also examined factors associated with smoking-related weight concerns. We monitored and evaluated selected parameters (personal history, questionnaires, anthropometric, biochemical, hormonal) and compared before and after tobacco dependece treatment, if patients underwent such treatment. We found that smoking cessation was associated with weight gain. Smokers who were more tobacco dependent or more sedentary were at increased risk. The prevalence of diagnosis hypertension did not differ among non-smokers, former smokers and smokers adjusting for age and BMI. In the pilot phase of our study we demonstrated that three months of smoking abstinence was associated with an increase in serum leptin...

Free-ranging population of sika deer, roe deer and wild board in micro-region "Konstantinolázeňsko" in Czech Republic, has been determining dressed body weight, whole body weight, weight of head, weight of limb and weight of internal organs (heart, lungs, liver, spleen and kidneys). The correlation between all weights was calculated. During the research was determined mean weight between whole body and dressed body. In this study the dressed mean weight of sika deer was 74,03 % of the whole mean weight. For wild board the mean dressed weight was about 78,56% of the whole weight and for roe deer mean it was about 76,66% of the whole weight. Obtain weight has been statistically analyzing of ages, sexuality, seasonal variation. For both sexuality of wild board was statically proven that body weight is increasing with age. For sika deer calfs was statically proven that body weight was higher if the calf was shoot after 15. 1. then cals was shoot before. For sika deer with out age difference was statically proven that sika males had higher body weight than sika females. Other types of statistics are listed in the document.

Mating behaviour of cockroaches is spectacular phenomenon with three different mating patterns traditionally distinguished. The most common and probably ancestral is type A - female climbing. Then it is type B - male climbing and type C - no climbing. Mating type was described in around 30 Blaberidae species. As it is the only cockroach family where all three types are present, it is an interesting model group for studying evolutionary questions. The main goal of the thesis was detail exploration and description of mating sequences in 21 Blaberidae species, 17 of which haven't been examined in this aspect before. An intrageneric diversity in mating patterns (genus Pycnoscelus) was described for the first time. Moreover, in case of P. tenebrigera, it was not possible to assign its mating pattern to any of the three traditional types. Multidimensional statistical analysis and biological interpretation of qualitative behavioural elements revealed two well separated clusters of mating sequensces. Consequently, we propose to distinguish only two types of mating pattern - ancestral type (identical with type A) and derived type. We also discussed the relationship between wing reduction and occurence of derived mating types. Evaluation of quantitative behavioural elements revealed positive correlation between...

Topic: Comparison of bodytypes, weight, hight and It'srelationship to performance Goal: The goal is to compare body types of world elite athletes from past and present in athletict hrows. Second goal is to compare weight and height in different disciplines. Methods: Research in specialized sources, analyse and comparison athletes body types. Comparison of body types with performances in disciplines. Results: Wecreated a dokument which contain if body proportions are affecting on a throwers performance in short and long therm. From our results is obvious that hight and weight are really matters in some disciplines. We found a strong dependence in javelin throw and in shot put. In disciplines where prevails rotation moves is dependence much lowor there is practicaly none. In the second part we foundout differences in hight and weight in throws through the time. Keywords: bodytype, long performance, athletic throws, body composition,height, weight, BMI

Title: Reduction of body weight before the competitions in fitness - a review study Objectives: The main aim of the bachelor thesis was to analyze the specifics and principles of nutrition in bodybuilding, to characterize the most commonly used diets, and to identify the most appropriate diet during the pre-competitive period. Methods: In this review study, the electronic databases SportDiscuss, ScienceDirect and Ebsco were used to obtain relevant information. In addition, the work contains an appendix illustrating the author's own experience of work in preparing for competitions in bodybuilding in the Bikini fitness category. Results: The bachelor thesis contains a brief overview of some dietary guidelines and recommendations, which are commonly practiced before a bodybuilding competition. It gives the choice and comparison of both diets that are currently used and those used in the past. Conclusions: The analysis of the dietary recommendations shows that, at present, there is no single universal recommendation. However, the choice of diet should be individualized based on the current needs of athletes. Key words: Reduction, body fat, body weight, training, athlete, bodybuilding, nutrition, diet

Main aim of the diploma thesis was the analysis of Highland cattle herd and presentation of possibilities of this breed usage in mountain and submoutain areas in the area of the Czech Republic with respect to production of breeding stock and beef. Secondary target was to evaluate the longevity and length of productive life phase of cows of this breed and to describe all management procedures of the studied herd. On the ecological farm with extensive breeding of Highland cattle where the research was done total number of 60 cows and 101 calfs was bred. The structure of cows was analysed according to the year of birth, number of calves, calving interval, age at the first calving and birth difficulty. The average age of cows in the herd was 5 years and maximum number of calves per cow was 11. Calving interval was up to 350 days in 20.4% of the breeding cows, however 14.8% of cows experienced calving interval even more than 710 days. The age at the time of first calving was up to 4 years and the birth difficulty was classified as 100% without any human help. The calves reached in the years 2014 and 2015 an average weight at the age of 120 days 120 kg and 129 kg respectively. At the age of 210 days the weights were 177 kg and 182 kg respectively. The average daily gains were 825 g and 735 g in case of 120 days and 884 g and 772 g in case of 210 days respectively. The difference was not statistically significant. The average weight of steers at the age of 20 months was approx. 335 kg and slaughter weight at 46 months was 563 kg in average. It can be claimed that with appropriate herd management comparable results can be reached under average conditions in the Czech Republic. This also means that a satisfying economic profit is attainable

In this bachelor´s thesis, I observed the effect of an age on weight and height in the cross of heifers of Czech Fleckvieh cattle breed. This observation of population of 538 heifers took place in December 2014 at the farm in Pikárec. At this population weighing and measuring the height of the cross was done. The collected data was then processed, analyzed and used to evaluate the effect of an age on the monitored physical parameters of heifers. The part of the thesis also focuses on assessing the impact of the season at birth on weight and height in the cross. The obtained results show that heifers reach the ideal weight at the first insemination at the age of 13-14 months, which corresponds to the first calving in the age of 22-23 months. This parameter significantly exceeds the breeding objective of Czech Fleckvieh cattle breed and approximates a bit of parameters of breeding objective of Holstein cattle breed. This could significantly reduce the cost of breeding the heifers. It was also found that the reported average height in the cross significantly exceed the Rating methodology for growth and development of heifers of Czech Fleckvieh cattle breed released in 2000.

The aim of hydroponic cultivation experiment was the determination of the influence of deficient nutrition on the maize (Zea Mays, L.) growth and root system. The model crop was maize hybrid SY ONDINA. The experiment had six deficient variants (P, N, K, Ca, S, Mg) and variant with all nutritions (control variant). During the experiment were taking plants at an interval of 7 days. The dry matter of root and stem was weighed, the content of nutrition and the size of root system were set. The antagonism and synergism between elements were showed. The bigger reduction of root dry mass had plants with potassium and calcium deficiency. The plants with deficient (expecially deficiency of calcium, nitrogen, magnesium and potassium) had very restricted root structure. The lowest value of root electrical capacitancy had plants with potassium and calcium deficiency.

Topic: Intervention Program for Weight Reduction in Adults Goals: The aim of this thesis is to devise as well as implement an intervention program covering exercise and dietary regimes for individuals that are overweight or obese. The goal also involves verifying the effectiveness by measuring various anthropometric parameters. Methods: The monitoring activities covered the period from 2.2. 2015 until 3.8. 2015. The intervention sample involved 9 individuals aged between 26 and 59. The sample was composed of three women and six men. The intervention program lasted for three weeks and I measured the weight using a normal personal weight and the waist circumference using a measuring tape. Results: The intervention program had a positive impact on the individuals that were involved. This resulted in decreased weight and a reduction in the weight circumference. The average loss of weight was 2.1 kg and the average waist circumference reduction was 2.4 cm. Thanks to the intervention program, the monitored anthropometric values were reduced. However, it also lead to the people achieving a better relationship towards physical activity and increased their awareness of the principles of a healthy diet. Keywords: overweight, obesity, physical activity, nutrition, weight, energy balance

The diploma thesis surveys the problematics of multidimensional Riemann integral. The goals of the thesis are, firstly, to provide a clear summary of the Multidimensional Riemann Integration Theory, secondly, to describe the basic calculation methods on carefully chosen examples, and, thirdly, to demonstrate its practical use in mathematics and natural sciences in general.

Diploma thesis is focused on a roller and prismatic bales, their the most important functional units and description this units followed by practical measurement selected parameters. First part contains a distribution presses on a round baller and square baller and their inclusion into agricultural machinery lines. The following describes the most important functional units of both types. Second part contains field-laboratory measurement, there are evaluated weight package parameters depending on its compression. Furthemore, performance is evaluated based on different parameters.

The aim of the thesis was to evaluate factors influencing the market production of bulls and pigs. For bulls , I focused on the influence of breed , carcass weight and influence of age . In pigs, I watched the effect of carcass weight ( HJUT ) . I started from the measured data that have been gathered under demolition leaves carcasses of bulls and pigs. From these data, I analyzed the impact on bulls breed Holstein cattle , Czech Pied cattle and Holstein crossbreds and Czech Pied cattle. Then I dealt with a market value of pigs and bulls , which I set as the sum of the prices of individual cut-out parts of their carcasses. I assessed the relationship of cutting prices of individual parts of the total sales of carcasses of bulls and pigs. Likewise, I also evaluate the weight of each cut-out portion to the total weight of carcasses of bulls and pigs. Regarding the relationship between výsekovými parts of carcasses of pigs and bulls and total prices for slaughtered uprané body , the highest value of the correlation coefficient in pigs ( r = 0.9958 ) was found in the leg , with the bulls u perk (r = 0.9073 ) .

Title: A support exercise program for the reduction of children's obesity Goals: The goal of this master thesis is to outline and realize some support exercise program for elementary school children who have diagnosis of overweight and obesity. This program will be held in a medical institution Dr. L. Filipa, Lázně Poděbrady. The effectiveness of the program will be tested by anthropometric parameters. Methods: The program was held from 26.3. - 22.4. 2014. The intervened group contained 12 participants, 6 boys and 6 girls, between 10 - 12 years old. The measurement of the anthropometric indicators was made by bioelectrical impedance analysis. The abdomen circumference was measured by a measuring-tape. Results: The support exercise program had a positive impact for the reduction of the children's obesity. The average loss of the weight at the intervened group was 4,4 kg, the BMI was reduced about 1, 8 kg/m2 . The body fat was reduced about 3,1 %, the abdomen circumference was reduced about 5, 7 cm and the muscle mass increased about 1,7 %. The program had a positive reply and helped children to create more positive relation toward physical activity. . Key words: obesity in children, physical activity, exercise program, elementary school children, weight, BMI, body fat.

Growth, that is a sensitive indicator of children's health, should be evaluated in relation to suitable reference data. Under the term "physiological growth of chidren" is understood growth of long-term breast-fed infants that is - in the first months of their life - different from the growth of infants, who were not breast fed. This Thesis is focused on evaluation of impacts the long-term breast-feeding has on the growth of children in their pre-school age and on the differences in comparison with the children, who were breast- fed only minimally or not at all. Data used for this Thesis elaboration were obtained from a questionnaire and by measuring the essential physical proportions of children in different nursery and primary schools in Prague. Thereafter; by analysing the received data, we have come to the conclusion that long-term breast-feeding does not have any significant impact onto stature, weight nor head circumference of pre-school children. Some differences were detected concerning the BMI values and thickness of skin folds; however, the results were out of accord with our expectations that the long-term breast-fed children will have lower BMI values than the children, who were breast-fed just minimally. Comparing the Z-score of the long-term breast-fed children with regard to the data from the...

Fitness in ground squirrels is a frequently discussed topic, reported in many publications, although it was rarely the subject of their study. The aim of this study was to determine which factors and find out how they affect the fitness of individuals, and thus the whole population of the European ground squirrel in Czech Republic. For this purpose we collected body mass data at three studied population, which are the main indicator of the fitness in ground squirrels. We also recorded information about injuries, reproduction status, ectoparasites and endoparasites. Moreover we collected all available data on the body mass of European ground squirrel in the central European region, and we compiled overview of body mass changes during the season. This enables us to compare our data with typical/common body mass value in particular sex, age and season. Recorded differences in body mass at three studied sites were related to sex, age, locality and season. We found positive correlation between the body mass and injuries from fights/reproduction activity in adult males. The relationship between body mass and reproduction activity of females was not found. Four species of ectoparasites, mostly occurring in adults, were recorded in studied populations. We also found five species of endoparasites, which...