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[Objective] The aims of this study are to explore the response mechanism of territorial spatial change to habitat quality, and to provide reference for territorial spatial planning and ecological environmental protection. [Methods] Based on the land use data from 2000 to 2020 in Hubei Province, the InVEST model was used to evaluate the temporal and spatial evolution characteristics of habitat quality, and the response degree of regional habitat quality to the change of territorial spatial type was explored from the perspective of tertiary space. [Results] (1) In Hubei Province, the intensity of land use increased year by year in the past 20 years. In the conversion of land space type, the conversion area of production space to ecological space was the largest, accounting for 3.86%. (2) The habitat quality degradation index increased gradually, and the habitat degradation degree increased gradually. The average habitat quality increased first, then decreased and then increased in the temporal distribution, and the spatial distribution showed a spatial pattern of high level in the northwest and low level in the southeast. (3) The spatial types of habitat quality decline mainly occurred in the transformation from ecological space to production space and living space, and the transformation from production space to living space also led to a downward trend in habitat quality. Generally speaking, the increase of ecological space helped to improve regional habitat quality, while the increase of living space reduced regional habitat quality. [Conclusion] Habitat quality in Hubei Province from 2000 to 2020 was greatly affected by the change of territorial space. Paying attention to the change of territorial space type and strictly controlling the scale of construction land can provide theoretical reference for the rational formulation of territorial space planning and ecological protection practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a major public health issue in Hubei Province; however, research on the direct and indirect effects of factors affecting HFMD is limited. This study employed structural equation modeling (SEM) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) to investigate the various impacts and spatial variations in the factors influencing the HFMD epidemic in Hubei Province from 2016 to 2018. The results indicated that (1) with respect to the direct effects, the number of primary school students had the greatest positive direct effect on the number of HFMD cases, with a coefficient of 0.542. Socioeconomic factors strongly influence HFMD cases more directly than natural factors. (2) Concerning indirect effects, the minimum temperature, combined with the per capita disposable income of urban residents, had the greatest positive indirect effect on HFMD cases, with a coefficient of 0.022. Both natural and social factors had more substantial direct impacts on the HFMD epidemic than indirect impacts. (3) Regarding total effects, the number of primary school students, through various natural and social factors, had a total effect coefficient of 0.503 on HFMD incidence. (4) The number of primary school students, per capita GDP, and the number of hospital beds per thousand people had the most significant spatial impacts on HFMD cases. In underdeveloped regions, the HFMD epidemic is more heavily influenced by economic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo investigate the prevalence, awareness, treatment, control, and treatment-control rates of hypertension among adults in Hubei province, and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of hypertension in this region. MethodsBlood pressure measurement and face-to-face interview with the Chinese Adult Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance Survey Questionnaire were conducted during May – December 2020 among 21 973 adult (≥ 18 years) permanent residents recruited using stratified multistage random cluster sampling at 10 counties/districts/prefectures in Hubei province. The participants′ information on hypertension prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control were collected and analyzed. ResultsAmong the 20 286 participants included in the analysis, a total of 8 287 hypertensive subjects were identified and the complex-weighted prevalence of hypertension was 33.3%. Of the 8 287 hypertensive participants, 3 807 (43.1% after complex weighting) were aware of their hypertension, 3 324 (37.2%) were receiving treatment, and 828 (9.2%) had their blood pressure under control. Of the 3 324 hypertensive participants receiving treatment for hypertension, 828 (24.6% after complex weighting) had their blood pressure under control. The complex-weighted prevalence of hypertension among all participants, the complex-weighted ratios of awareness, treatment, and blood pressure control of hypertension among hypertensive participants differed significantly by gender, age, and education (all P < 0.05); the complex-weighted ratio of controlled blood pressure among the hypertensive participants receiving hypertension treatment differed significantly by education level (P < 0.05). The complex-weighted ratios of awareness and treatment among hypertensive participants differed significantly by urban/rural residence (both P < 0.05). ConclusionThe prevalence of hypertension is high among community-dwelling adults in Hubei province, but the awareness, treatment, and control levels of hypertension are low among community-dwelling hypertensive adults.

In 2021 and 2022, archaeological surveys and major excavations were conducted at the Xuetang Liangzi site in Areas B, C, and E. These efforts uncovered archaeological remains that include a complete sequence of Paleolithic cultures in southern China. The history of prehistoric human activity at the site spans more than one million years, covering the early to late Paleolithic period. The No. 3 skull of Yunxian Man, unearthed from Layer 3 in Area B, dates to approximately one million years ago and is the best-preserved hominin cranium found on the Eurasian continent of its period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the intensity and constraint factors of land use conflicts provides essential insights for efficient land use planning. Currently, China's spatial development is gradually transitioning towards the coordinated development of production, living, and ecological functions (PLEFs). Previous studies have typically focused on land use conflicts from a micro perspective, examining conflicts between production, living, and ecological land uses at a fine scale. There is limited research from a macro perspective that conducts a theoretical analysis based on the production, living, and ecological functions of land use conflicts themselves. In addition, existing studies primarily analyze the influencing factors of land use conflicts, with limited literature directly addressing the constraint factors of land use conflicts. This study focuses on 12 prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province, China, using data from 2010 to 2020. It categorizes land use conflicts at the macro level into production perspective, living perspective, and ecological perspective conflicts. For each of these conflict perspectives, different pressure, state, and response indicators are introduced. This approach leads to the development of a theoretical framework for analyzing land use conflicts at the macro level. On this basis, a spatiotemporal evolution analysis of land use conflicts was conducted. Additionally, using a constraint factor diagnosis model, the study analyzed the constraint factors of land use conflicts at the macro level across cities, leading to the following research conclusions: (1) the land use conflicts from the production and living perspectives in the 12 prefecture-level cities of Hubei showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2020, while the land use conflicts from the ecological perspective exhibited a downward trend; (2) during the study period, Wuhan exhibited the highest intensity of land use conflicts from both the production and living perspectives, while Ezhou experienced the highest intensity of land use conflicts from the ecological perspective for most of the study period; (3) the main constraining factors of land use conflicts from the production perspective in the 12 prefecture-level cities of Hubei are population density, average land GDP, and effective irrigation rate. The primary constraining factors of land use conflicts from the living perspective are population density, urbanization rate, and average land real estate development investment. The main constraining factors of land use conflicts from the ecological perspective are population density, average land fertilizer input, and effective irrigation rate. This study constructs a new theoretical framework for land use conflict assessment at the macro level, providing a novel approach for studying land use conflicts at the macro scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A comprehensive understanding of village development patterns and the identification of different village types is crucial for formulating tailored planning for rural revitalization. However, a model for large-scale village classification to support tailored rural revitalization planning is still lacking. This study aims to develop a large-scale village classification model using the Gaussian Mixture Models to support tailored rural revitalization efforts. Firstly, we propose a multi-dimensional index system to capture the diverse features of massive villages. Secondly, the GMM clustering algorithm is applied to identify distinct village types based on their unique features. The model was employed to classify the 25,409 villages in Hubei province in China into four classes. Villages in these classes exhibit discernible differences in spatial distribution, topography, location, economic development level, industrial structure, infrastructure, and resource endowment. In addition, the GMM-based village classification model demonstrates a high level of agreement with evaluations made by planning experts, confirming its accuracy and reliability. In the empirical study, our model achieves an overall accuracy of 95.29%, signifying substantial concordance between the classifications made by planning experts and the results generated by our model. Based on the identified features, tailored paths are proposed for each village class for rural revitalization efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The updated List of National Key Protected Wild Plants (LNKPWP) was released by National Forestry and Grassland Administration and Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of China in September 2021. By integrating literature search, herbarium record, field investigation and expert consultation, we compiled the updated list, investigated the geographic distribution map, research progress, threatened status, and protection status of national key protected wild plants (NKPWP) in Hubei Province. The results are as follows: (1) There are 155 species on the LNKPWP in Hubei Province, of which 11 species are protected at Category I and 144 species are protected at Category Ⅱ. (2) Geographic distribution of NKPWP in Hubei Province is uneven and concentrated in West and Southwest Hubei, with Shennongjia and Lichuan have the greatest numbers of NKPWP. (3) The most studied species are the species with economic value, flagship species and regional representative species. In addition, more than a third of the species (55 species) are almost unstudied. The research of NKPWP in Hubei Province focused on genetic diversity, genetic structure, future distribution prediction under global change conditions, and phylogeography, etc. (4) According to the Red List of China Biodiversity — Volume of Higher Plants, the NKPWP in Hubei Province contain 9 critically endangered species, 30 endangered species, 41 vulnerable species and 19 near-threatened species. The main threatened factors are direct mining or logging, habitat degradation or loss, and species intrinsic factors. (5) Until now, 137 (88.4%) species of NKPWP in Hubei Province are wholly or partially located in protected areas, and the remaining 18 species (11.6%) are completely located outside protected areas. A total of 93 species of NKPWP have been introduced and cultivated in Hubei Province, while the other 62 species have not been recorded under ex situ conservation. In addition, very few species have been reintroduced into the wild. (6) Up to now, although the distribution ranges of seven wild plants in Hubei Province (five of which are endemic to Hubei) are limited and they are negatively affected by internal causes and human interference, they have not been included in the LNKPWP. In addition, this study points out the knowledge gaps in the research and protection of NKPWP in Hubei Province, and puts forward specific research suggestions and protection strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geology & Resources is the property of Geology & Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To better protect the ecological environment, this study investigates the evolution of the landscape in Hubei Province and its impact on Net Primary Production (NPP). By utilizing landscape assessment tools and neighborhood proxy methods, it quantifies the changes in NPP resulting from landscape transformations over periods of 5 and 20 years. The results indicate significant NPP variations, with changes ranging from −406.199 to 507.181 g*C/m2. The geographical detector model identifies key drivers, particularly noting significant changes in landscape features at type boundaries, which affect NPP. Land cover, especially transitions between forests, shrublands, and croplands, is identified as a critical factor. This research highlights the complex relationship between landscape modifications and NPP variations, emphasizing the importance of ecological considerations in landscape management amid urbanization. It offers valuable insights for future landscape management and conservation strategies in Hubei, aiming for ecological preservation alongside development. Additionally, this work fills a theoretical gap by linking changes in landscape features to NPP, proposing new perspectives for landscape protection and ecological capacity enhancement, and providing practical guidance for improving NPP and coordinated landscape management in Hubei.

Under the background of climate change, extreme and continuous low temperature rain and snow processes occur from time to time, bringing many adverse effects to social life. In order to further evaluate the continuous low temperature rain and snow weather, . In order to further restore the disaster scenario, the indicators of the evaluation of the continuous low temperature rain and snow process at a single station in Hubei province were revised, and the regional evaluation model of the continuous low temperature rain and snow process was fur? ther established. The revised evaluation index was applied to the evaluation of single station and regional continuous low temperature rain and snow process in Hubei Province. The results showed that: (1) The five most serious regional continuous low temperature rain and snow processes occurred in 1954, 1969, 1977, 1984 and 2008, respectively. The most serious process was from December 24, 1954 to January 18, 1955, followed by January 12, 2008 to February 5, 2008. (2) The regions prone to regional continuous low temperature rain and snow process? es in Hubei Province were concentrated in the alpine or semi-alpine regions of western Hubei, Jingzhou area in Jianghan Plain, Hanjiang River valley, low mountain plain area in Southeastem Hubei and the gap of Mountains in northeast Hubei Province. (3) Under the back? ground of climate warming, both single-station and regional continuous low temperature rain and snow processes in Hubei Province occurred more frequently before the 1980s, and decreased after the 1990s, but the severity of the events became more extrem.

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Low-carbon development has become the trend of regional high-quality development. As the first low-carbon pilot provinces, Hubei Province is the "leader" of regional carbon emission reduction. This paper analyses the changes in carbon emissions from energy consumption in Hubei Province from 2000 to 2021 and the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon emissions of cities and counties in Hubei Province from 2007 to 2017, and at the same time combines with the STIRPAT model to analyse the main factors affecting carbon emissions in Hubei Province. The results are as follows. (1) From 2000 to 2021, the carbon emissions in Hubei Province experienced three stages of rapid growth, slow growth and fluctuation changes, and the carbon footprint intensity showed a decreasing trend. (2) From 2007 to 2017, the carbon emissions of all cities and counties in Hubei Province showed an increasing trend, but there were large regional differences in carbon emissions, with the highest value in Wuhan and the lowest value in Shennongj ia Forestry District; and carbon footprint intensity of all cities and counties showed a decreasing trend. (3) Population size and energy consumption structure are the main factors affecting carbon emissions in Hubei Province, and the influence of other factors from strong to weak is urbanization rate, economic output, technological level, industrial structure, government financial expenditure, among which industrial structure is the only factor that has an inhibiting effect on carbon emissions in Hubei Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) has become one of China's most important freshwater aquaculture species. As the epicenter of crayfish cultivation, Hubei province provides the majority of germplasm resources for breeding applications. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of P. clarkii in this area remains largely incomplete, hindering the effective utilization of these germplasm resources. In this study, 20 polymorphic microsatellites were developed and used to investigate genetic diversity and differentiation in representative P. clarkii populations from five cultivated and five wild populations in Hubei province. A total of 169 alleles were discovered at these loci, and the average polymorphic information content was calculated as 0.584. Diversity index of expected heterozygosity (He) indicated a relatively medium genetic diversity across all populations (0.431 ~ 0.565), while wild populations exhibited higher genetic diversity (He = 0.542) compared to that in cultured populations (He = 0.478). The average value of pairwise population differentiation index (Fst) was 0.108, manifesting a moderate level of genetic differentiation among populations. Analysis of molecular variance between ten populations revealed that genetic variation mostly resided within individuals (79.4%), with slightly higher variation observed in cultured populations (84.79%) compared to that in wild populations (80.52%). Bayesian assignment, dendrogram, and principal component analysis grouped the genotypes into three clusters with wide variation among the accessions. These results reflected substantial genetic differentiation presented in P. clarkii populations. Our findings shed light on the diversity status of P. clarkii in Hubei province and will be great value for genetic improvement through selective breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important incentive and constraint system to coordinate the contradiction between ecological resource protection and regional economic development, the ecological and environmental protection effect after its implementation deserves special attention, especially for China, which involves the widest scope of payment and the largest transfer and has become the largest governmental ecological compensation program in China and even in the world. Starting from the evolution of China's eco-financial transfer system, this study conducts an empirical investigation of the ecological and environmental protection effect of the eco-financial transfer system. Such an undertaking is based on the theoretical exploration of the impact mechanism of the eco-financial transfer system to improve the ecological environment quality and based on the panel data of 40 counties in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2020. Results of the study show that the ecological financial transfer system can promote the improvement of regional ecological environment quality, but the promotion effect is insignificant. The financial funds reflect more of a financial compensation effect than a system incentive effect. The increase in the scale of ecological transfer payments is conducive to strengthening the incentive function of the system, promoting local governments to increase environmental protection expenditures and environmental regulation efforts to improve the quality of the ecological environment. Therefore, in the process of implementing ecological financial transfers from the province to the counties, the concept of ecological value contribution should be incorporated into the fund allocation process. In addition, the current ecological transfer payment fund allocation method should be reconstructed on the basis of the ecological value contribution to enhance the guiding role of "high quality and high price, more work and more gain." The goal is to effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of local governments for ecological environmental protection. Findings have significant guidance for developing countries that are currently seeking to formulate and implement such policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Background Reliable health-related quality of life data are critical in developing countries, in order to advocate for government agencies to develop national hemophilia care programmes. This study aims to explore the current status and influencing factors of health-related quality of life among adolescents with hemophilia in Hubei Province, so as to provide empirical data for professionals. Methods A total of 84 children with hemophilia aged 8 to 18, who were registered in Tongji Hemophilia Treatment Center and Hubei Hemophilia Home, were selected using a cluster sampling method. The "General Situation Questionnaire of Hemophiliac Adolescents", designed by Tongji Hemophilia Treatment Center, and "the Chinese version of Canadian hemophilia outcomes-kid's life assessment tool (CHO-KLAT)", were used for this study conducted from June 1, 2022 to December 30, 2022. Results 82 completed questionnaires were included. The average age of the 82 adolescents was 13.04 ± 3.29 years and all were males. Among them, 67 were hemophilia A and 15 were hemophilia B. 61 cases were severe type, 19 were moderate type and 2 cases were mild type. The average total score of the CHO-KLAT for adolescents with hemophilia in Hubei Province was 49.49, which was lower than their counterparts in developed countries. The statistically significant influencing factors included residence, annual family income, and disease type. Conclusion This study provides empirical data support for the health management of adolescents with hemophilia, highlighting the importance of improving medical resource access, transfusion convenience, and psychological support in enhancing the quality of life for this group. The results emphasize the need for healthcare systems and policymakers to take specific measures to address these factors to improve the treatment and care conditions for adolescents with hemophilia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The practice of realising the value of ecological products in Hubei Province has achieved certain positive results, due to the wide range of fields involved in the transformation of the value of ecological products and the existence of trans-regional characteristics, there is still much room for the development of the institutional system and practical exploration of the transformation of the value of ecological products. Based on the status quo, achievements and problems in realising the value of ecological products, this study proposes that the realisation of the value of ecological products in Hubei Province should focus on key aspects such as trading of ecological resources, compensation for ecological protection, compensation for ecological and environmental damages, synergistic development of the two areas, and project construction access, so as to broaden the path of realising the value of ecological products, improve the supporting system, and stimulate the institutional system and practice exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study region: Hubei province, Yangtze River Basin, Central China Study focus: Risk and loss analysis constitutes a critical element of flood disaster management. Nevertheless, the relationship between risk and loss has been infrequently examined in the literature. Here we developed a comparative analysis framework for assessing flood risk and loss in Hubei Province. The risk model incorporates 22 indicators in terms of hazard, exposure, vulnerability and emergency response & recovery capability. Indicator weights were determined through a combination of objective and subjective weighting methods based on the game theory. Flood risk and loss levels were classified using fuzzy comprehensive evaluation and grey correlation analysis respectively. New hydrological insights: Annual risk and loss maps exhibit a spatial pattern of higher levels in the eastern regions and lower levels in the western regions. However, the relationship between risk and loss was not as well as expected during designated flood periods. While regions impacted by disasters typically demonstrated higher risk levels, the risk in the regions unaffected by flood disasters appeared to be overestimated. By analyzing flood risk and loss across various temporal scales, this research contributes a novel perspective for the evaluation of flood risk models.

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to systematically study the evolution process and driving effects of the decoupling relationship between rural settlements and rural population. The research results were expected to provide guidance for the optimal allocation of rural land resources. [Methods] Based on the theory of decoupling and the theory of human-land relationship, the evolutionary mechanism of the phenomenon of "population reduction and land increase" in rural areas was conducted. Taking Hubei Province as an example, an empirical study was carried out using multiple remote sensing images and social statistical data from 2000 to 2020, combined with the Tapio decoupling model and LMDI decomposition method. [Results] (1) Rural settlements and population showed negative decoupling of growth, strong negative decoupling, negative decoupling of recession, and strong negative decoupling from the early stage of urbanization, rapid urbanization development, deepening urbanization development, and rural revitalization. (2) In the past 20 years, Hubei Province showed an overall trend of “decreasing population and increasing residential land”, with an increase of 1.71×104 hm2 in rural residential land and a decrease of 13.75 million people in rural permanent residents. The relationship between rural population and residential land was not coordinated. Most rural areas in Hubei Province have been in a strong negative decoupling state between rural residential land and population for a long time. The relationship between rural population and rural residential land in 2015-2020 was slightly better than that in 2000-2015. Moreover, the relationship between rural population and rural residential land in eastern Hubei was better than that in western Hubei region. (3) The intensity effect of land use and urbanization effect were the dominant factors for the expansion of rural settlements in Hubei Province, while the urban-rural population structure effect and the regional total population effect were the main hindrance factors. The contribution of each factor varied significantly across regions in Hubei Province. [Conclusion] The key to alleviating the simultaneous population reduction and residential land increase in rural areas lies in optimizing the urban and rural population structure and enhancing the intensive utilization of rural residential land.

Objective To explore the optimal prediction model for hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Hubei province, and to provide a basis for establishing a monitoring and early warning model for HFRS. Methods Using monthly surveillance data of HFRS incidence in Hubei province from 2005 to 2021, eight single time series models based on exponential smoothing (ETS), seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) with and without regression variables, a state space model with Box 一 Cox transformation, ARMA errors, trend, and seasonal components (TBATS), a time series neural network model (NNETAR) with and without regression variables, a linear regression time series model (TSLM), and a cubic spline prediction model (SPLINEF) were used to build 162 models through 1 -4 model combinations. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used as an evaluation index to evaluate the fitting and prediction performance of the models. The comprehensive fitting and prediction performance were evaluated by calculating the mean MAPE of fitting and prediction. Results The TSLM model and its combined models had a comprehensive MAPE of more than 100%. Among the other 98 models, the optimal fitting models for single, two, three, and four - model combinations were SPLINEF (IL 98%), SARIMA - SPLINEF (15. 14%), SARIMA - NNETAR - REG - SPLINEF (16.06%), and SARIMA - TBAT - NNETAR 一 REG 一 SPLINEF (17. 75%), respectively. The optimal prediction models for single, two, three, and four - model combinations were SARIMA - REG (34.48%), SARIMA - REG - TBATS (22.77%), SARIMA - TBATS - SPLINEF (23.84%), and SARIMA - SARIMA - REG - TBATS - SPLINEF (22.31%), respectively. The optimal fitting and prediction models for single, two, three, and four 一 model combinations were SPLINEF (24.75%), SARIMA 一 SPLINEF (22. 55%), SARIMA - TBATS - SPLINEF (20. 92%), and SARIMA - SARIMA - REG - TBATS - SPLINEF (20.75%), respectively. Conclusion Based on the number of models, fitting and prediction accuracy, SARIMA 一 TBATS - SPLINEF is considered the optimal prediction model and can be used for monitoring and early warning of HF RS in Hubei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resource carrying capacity is indispensable for sustainable development, acting as a crucial determinant for harmonizing ecological preservation with socio-economic development. This study centers on Hubei Province, which is an important water conservation area in the Yangtze River Basin and is one of the core water source areas for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and evaluates the water resource carrying capacity of the three major urban agglomerations in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2020 based on the four dimensions of water resources, economics, society, and ecology, using the entropy weighting method and the TOPSIS model to construct an evaluation index system. We then employ the kernel density estimation method, ArcGIS visualization, and the Dagum Gini coefficient method to perform a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal differences, dynamic evolution, and contribution sources. The results show that (1) the water resource carrying capacity of Hubei Province as a whole increased from a severe overload to overload level during the study period. The water resource carrying capacity of the three major urban agglomerations shows a regional distribution pattern where the Yi-Jing-Jing-En agglomeration's capacity surpasses that of the Wuhan urban agglomeration, which is bigger than Xiang-Shi-Sui-Shen urban agglomeration. A lower ecological water use rate primarily constrains the enhancement of the carrying capacity of water resources in Hubei Province. (2) The kernel density estimation reveals an increase in the overall water resource carrying capacity across Hubei Province's three major urban agglomerations during the study period, alongside a pronounced trend towards polarization. (3) While the overall Gini coefficient, indicating an imbalance in water resource carrying capacity in Hubei Province, remains high, it demonstrates a declining trend, suggesting a growing disparity in water resource carrying capacity across the province's three major urban agglomerations. Hubei Province's water resource carrying capacity faces challenges of an overall imbalance and localized vulnerability. Strategies should aim to enhance synergy, address these deficiencies directly, and devise targeted measures tailored to the distinct features of various urban clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Fragile ecosystems that are affected by erosion from high pollution environmental loads pose a serious threat to human health and well-being. The evaluation of regional environmental loads has become a major issue for eco-environmental conservation and management. As a key region in central China, Hubei Province relies on ecosystems and the environment, which offer an important foundation for sustainable development and continuous improvements in social productivity. For this study, seven influencing factors were selected, and a correlation degree model was applied to assess Hubei Province's environmental loads during the period from 1995-2019. The results show that the overall environmental loads exhibit a fluctuating decreasing trend in response to economic growth and development actions. Moreover, as eco-environmental pollution problems have been addressed and improved over time, the ecosystem operating status has been gradually optimized. Finally, the paper concludes with a proposal of specific measures designed to mitigate Hubei Province's ecological loading from the perspectives of industrial structure, public awareness and technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1954, a devastating flood struck the entire Yangzi River basin, causing the first major natural disaster in the newly established People's Republic of China (PRC). The young regime had just embarked on its First Five-Year Plan, aimed at achieving rapid economic development and industrialization. The flood swept across several provinces, displaced populations, and submerged farmlands, posing both a new challenge and an opportunity for the regime to shape the socioeconomic landscape of the affected regions. This article uses a localized perspective to examine how the rural society of Hubei Province, the hardest-hit area, responded to the disaster. The central government's self-help doctrine delegated much power to local governments and communities. Local officials and rural cadres had considerable leeway in managing the relief campaign as they simultaneously followed the state macroeconomic policy of rural collectivization. The 1954 flood in Hubei Province serves as a case study that illustrates the complexities of disaster management in the early years of the PRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The aims of this study are to elucidate the relationship between the production-living-ecological functions in Hubei Province and the role of their influencing factors on the spatial layout of the territorial space, and to provide theoretical support for optimizing the development and protection pattern of the territorial space. [Methods] The framework of ‘function evaluation-quantification of relationships-identification of mechanisms’ was follows to evaluate the production-living-ecology functions based on the grid scale, and the root mean square error (RMSE) model and geographical detector model were used to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors of spatial functional trade-off relationships, respectively, which broke through the limitations of existing studies on the dynamic evolution of spatial function relationships at the microscopic scale. [Results] (1) From 2000 to 2020, the production and living functions of the region had been improved, with significant changes in the high areas of Wuhan City and low areas of the western mountainous areas of Hubei, expanding by 538.54 km~2 and 14 207.47 km² respectively. The overall ecological function had weakened, and the reduction in the high areas of the four mountainous regions had been marked, with an average annual decrease of 1 009.50 km². (2) During the study period, the intensity of production-living function trade-off was characterized by a ‘Λ’-shaped evolution, and the spatial layout showed an ‘expansion of low-value areas and contraction of high-value areas’, especially in the central and western parts of Suizhou City and the main urban area of Wuhan City. The change patterns of production-ecological function intensity and living-ecological function intensity were similar, with an inverted N-shaped evolution trend, but the spatial distribution pattern differed significantly, showing a ‘high in the middle and low around’ distribution pattern and a center-periphery spatial layout, respectively. (3) In 2000—2005, 2005—2010, 2010—2015, and 2015—2020, the dynamic changes of the production-life function trade-off index were especially prominent in the main urban areas of one provincial center of Wuhan and two provincial sub-centers of Xiangyang and Yichang, some counties and districts of Wuhan Metropolitan Area and mountainous areas of western Hubei Province. The significant changes of production-ecological function trade-off index and living-ecological function trade-off index mainly distributed in four mountainous areas and some counties and districts of Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province. (4) Population density, GDP, and human activity intensity were the main drivers of the territorial spatial functional trade-off relationship. [Conclusion] The overall level of synergy among the production-living-ecological functions in Hubei Province is improving, and socio-economic activities have a greater impact on the coordinated development of the production-living-ecological functions, which should be followed up by strengthening the territorial space control and management in accordance with the local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective Carbonate rocks have a significant carbon sink effect in water cycle. Since karst landforms are widely distributed in China, research on the potential of karst carbon sinks plays an important role in formulating regional strategies for increasing carbon sinks. Methods In this study, groundwater monitoring points in Hubei Province, which is located in the karst area of Southwest China, were selected. Quantitative calculations and method comparisons were performed based on the hydrochemical runoff method and the infiltration-equilibrium chemistry method. The spatial pattern and magnitude of karst carbon sinks in the hilly mountains of Hubei Province from 2019 to 2021 were evaluated via ArcGIS spatial analysis techniques. Additionally, the most suitable method for estimating karst carbon sinks at the regional scale were explored, the comprehensive analysis of the drivers of karst carbon sinks was performed, and the potential for increasing sinks were explored. Results The results showed that: (1) the intensity of carbon sinks estimated by the infiltration-equilibrium chemistry method were 2020>2019>2021. The total amount of karst carbon sinks in wet year (2020) was approximately 6 times of that in dry year (2019). The average annual carbon sink intensity in the three years was 12.84 t/(km2·a) and the annual total amount of carbon reached 163.89×104 t/a; (2) the infiltration-equilibrium chemistry method was more accurate in calculation results and simpler in data acquisition than the hydrochemical runoff method, and had a certain universality at both large and small spatial scales; (3) the change in carbon sinks was highly dynamic. The extent of changes in carbon sinks under climate change was mainly determined by runoff depth, with the intensity of carbon sinks increasing with runoff depth, while land use regulated the intensity of carbon sinks in karst processes; and (4) the karstification is strong in southwestern Hubei Province, so a pilot field of karst carbon sinks could be established within the area to quantitatively evaluate artificial interventions to increase carbon sinks. Conclusion This study not only provides an accurate and easy-to-use method for estimating karst carbon sinks, but also determines the magnitude and spatial pattern of karst carbon sinks in Hubei Province and figures out the coupling effect of the driving factors of carbon sink intensity, which demonstrates the complexity and anthropogenic control lability of karst carbon sinks. The results of this study provides a reliable scientific basis for the formulation of environmental protection policies and artificial sink increase measures.

Water resources are important resources for social development. Revealing the characteristics of spatial equilibrium of water resources in Hubei Province can provide a basis for the sustainable utilization of water resources and economic development in Hubei Province. Three indexes of water resources including load index, water use efficiency, and agricultural water-soil matching coefficient were selected, and the Gini coefficient was used to calculate and analyze the equilibrium. The spatial equilibrium coefficient of water resources was utilized to reflect the overall equilibrium level of water resources in Hubei Province under the combined action of the three indexes, and the spatial equilibrium of water resources in Hubei Province was analyzed with the aid of transit water dependence. ① From 2010 to 2022, the overall load index (4.35–16.22) and water use efficiency (54.01–152.41) of water resources in Hubei Province showed an upward trend, while the agricultural water-soil matching coefficient (1.73–0.82) showed a downward trend. Economic development, population change, and cultivated land area were increasingly mismatched with water resources, but the utilization efficiency of water resources was gradually improved, and the level of economic development was conducive to improving the utilization efficiency of water resources. ② From 2010 to 2022, the spatial equilibrium of water resources in Hubei Province was gradually weakened. Affected by the disequilibrium of load index and agricultural water-soil matching coefficient of water resources, as well as the huge difference in the transit water dependence of each city, the matching between water resources endowment and the development of each city was gradually unbalanced. ③ Cities such as Wuhan, Yichang, and Xiangyang have a great influence on the spatial equilibrium of water resources in the region and the whole province. Therefore, Hubei Province should promote water-saving technology, improve water use efficiency, strengthen regional ties, accelerate resource equilibrium, actively introduce water diversion projects, and implement the development pattern of "one center and two wings". It is also necessary to strictly adhere to the red line of protecting cultivated areas of 1.8 billion mu while taking food sources from fields besides irrigation agriculture.

High-resolution bioclimatic data are crucial to providing fine-scaled insights into biodiversity assessment, forestry, and agricultural management. Existing global bioclimatic datasets often exhibit kilometer-level coarse resolution or have miss the data in recent decades, potentially resulting in the issues of lower spatial accuracy, limited information, and restricted applicability in fine-scaled studies. Hubei Province in Yangtze River Middle Reaches has sparse meteorological stations in high-altitude mountainous areas to map the high-resolution bioclimatic variables directly. This study developed a 30-year averaged bioclimatic dataset for Hubei Province during 1991–2020 at a 30-m spatial resolution, utilizing monthly temperatures and precipitation derived from a downscaling-calibration framework. The downscaling of 1-km resolution climate variables was achieved by using a random forest model with 30-m resolution terrain and spatial covariates. Then, the geographical differential analysis was applied to improve the accuracy of downscaled products by including additional ground data. The mean absolute errors of calibrated monthly maximum, mean, minimum temperatures, and precipitation based on ordinary kriging decreased from 0.74 °C, 0.47 °C, 0.47 °C, and 28.27 mm to 0.43 °C, 0.28 °C, 0.36 °C, and 21.43 mm, respectively. Finally, calibrated climate variables were employed to calculate 19 annual bioclimatic variables, which were subsequently averaged over the 30-year period. The constructed bioclimatic dataset exhibits high overall consistency with the WorldClim dataset according to pixel-based comparison (Spearman correlation coefficients >0.6), with differences mainly attributed to the superior local accuracy of our dataset and climate changes. The dataset will provide fine-scaled, updated, and reliable data supports for local-related studies and decision making.

Exploring the intensity and constraint factors of land use conflicts provides essential insights for efficient land use planning. Currently, China’s spatial development is gradually transitioning towards the coordinated development of production, living, and ecological functions (PLEFs). Previous studies have typically focused on land use conflicts from a micro perspective, examining conflicts between production, living, and ecological land uses at a fine scale. There is limited research from a macro perspective that conducts a theoretical analysis based on the production, living, and ecological functions of land use conflicts themselves. In addition, existing studies primarily analyze the influencing factors of land use conflicts, with limited literature directly addressing the constraint factors of land use conflicts. This study focuses on 12 prefecture-level cities in Hubei Province, China, using data from 2010 to 2020. It categorizes land use conflicts at the macro level into production perspective, living perspective, and ecological perspective conflicts. For each of these conflict perspectives, different pressure, state, and response indicators are introduced. This approach leads to the development of a theoretical framework for analyzing land use conflicts at the macro level. On this basis, a spatiotemporal evolution analysis of land use conflicts was conducted. Additionally, using a constraint factor diagnosis model, the study analyzed the constraint factors of land use conflicts at the macro level across cities, leading to the following research conclusions: (1) the land use conflicts from the production and living perspectives in the 12 prefecture-level cities of Hubei showed an upward trend from 2010 to 2020, while the land use conflicts from the ecological perspective exhibited a downward trend; (2) during the study period, Wuhan exhibited the highest intensity of land use conflicts from both the production and living perspectives, while Ezhou experienced the highest intensity of land use conflicts from the ecological perspective for most of the study period; (3) the main constraining factors of land use conflicts from the production perspective in the 12 prefecture-level cities of Hubei are population density, average land GDP, and effective irrigation rate. The primary constraining factors of land use conflicts from the living perspective are population density, urbanization rate, and average land real estate development investment. The main constraining factors of land use conflicts from the ecological perspective are population density, average land fertilizer input, and effective irrigation rate. This study constructs a new theoretical framework for land use conflict assessment at the macro level, providing a novel approach for studying land use conflicts at the macro scale.

Cropland quantity and quality are two important indicators for determining agricultural production. However, few studies integrate them at the pixel level for a comprehensive assessment of food production potential. Consequently, it is hard to evaluate the implementation effectiveness of China's Requisition–Compensation Balance of Farmland (RCBF) policy, which requires balances in cropland quality and quantity for land exploitation. Here, we presented a novel framework to assess the impacts of cropland change on food production potential by combining cropland quantity and quality from pixel to county level. The cropland quantity was defined as cropland gain or loss calculated by 30‐m land cover datasets, while cropland quality was characterized by the integration of climate, terrain, and soil factors using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Then, nine distinct patterns, reflecting the interdependence between changed cropland area and production potential, were identified to represent the implementation effectiveness of RCBF policy for each county. Results showed cropland area decreased by 1.85% during 2005–2015 in Hubei Province, which mainly occurred in regions with moisture climate and very flat terrain. A majority of croplands with the best soil fertility remained relatively stable during this period. The pattern "more occupation than compensation" was the dominant way of implementing RCBF in Hubei. Four counties positively responded to RCBF, for which the compensatory croplands had superior quality than occupied croplands. This study presented an efficient way to evaluate the impacts of cropland change on agricultural production potential, which provides valuable insights for researchers and decision‐makers to strengthen practices and improve policies for land reclamation and consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ever more astounding numbers of animals are being farmed for human consumption. Paul Dobraszczyk, a lecturer at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, argues that humanity does not see or bother to comprehend the cruelty these animals are subjected to within industrialised farming processes and slaughterhouses. This, he says, is a design issue, requiring more effort to be made to give these animals a dignified life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo examine annual number of first registered human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases aged ≥ 50 years and its changing trend in Hubei province during 2011 – 2020 for providing evidence to the development of targeted strategies on HIV/AIDS epidemic prevention. MethodsThe data on 9 224 HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥ 50 years first registered in Hubei province during 2011 – 2020 were extracted from the Information System for AIDS Prevention and Control of China′s Disease Prevention and Control Information System and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The changing trend of annual number of the HIV/AIDS cases was analyzed with joinpoint regression model. ResultsThe 9 224 cases aged ≥ 50 years accounted for 35.04% of all the HIV/AIDS cases (n = 26 324) first registered in the province during the 10-year period. The annual number of the cases ≥ 50 years showed a significant increasing trend in the period (Z = 21.01, P < 0.001). The results of joinpoint regression analysis revealed gender- and infection route-different changing trajectories for the annual number of first registered cases aged ≥ 50 years during the period: (1) increasing from 2011 to 2017 for all the male and the female cases, with the annual percentage change (APC) of 24.68 and 23.91; (2) decreasing from 2017 to 2020 for the male cases (APC = – 1.93); (3) increasing slowly from 2017 to 2022 for the female cases (APC = 2.25); (4) increasing rapidly from 2011 to 2016 (APC = 29.31) but slowly from 2016 to 2020 (APC = 2.76) for the male cases sexually infected; (5) increasing from 2011 to 2017 (APC = 26.12) but decreasing from 2017 to 2022 (APC = – 6.34) for the male cases infected homosexually; (6) increasing obviously from 2011 to 2016 (APC = 28.77) and the increase slowing down from 2016 to 2022 (APC = 3.73) for the male cases infected heterosexually; (7) increasing from 2011 to 2017 (APC = 26.01) and the increase slowing down from 2017 to 2020 (APC = 1.47) for the female cases with sexually transmitted infection; and (8) decreasing from 2011 to 2020 for the cases with non sexually transmitted infection or unknown transmission routes (APC = – 25.66). ConclusionThe annual number of first registered HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥ 50 years increased from 2011 to 2020 in Hubei province and the majority of the cases were infected due to heterosexual transmission. The results suggest that targeted interventions should be developed for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS epidemic in the elderly population.

As an important incentive and constraint system to coordinate the contradiction between ecological resource protection and regional economic development, the ecological and environmental protection effect after its implementation deserves special attention, especially for China, which involves the widest scope of payment and the largest transfer and has become the largest governmental ecological compensation program in China and even in the world. Starting from the evolution of China’s eco-financial transfer system, this study conducts an empirical investigation of the ecological and environmental protection effect of the eco-financial transfer system. Such an undertaking is based on the theoretical exploration of the impact mechanism of the eco-financial transfer system to improve the ecological environment quality and based on the panel data of 40 counties in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2020. Results of the study show that the ecological financial transfer system can promote the improvement of regional ecological environment quality, but the promotion effect is insignificant. The financial funds reflect more of a financial compensation effect than a system incentive effect. The increase in the scale of ecological transfer payments is conducive to strengthening the incentive function of the system, promoting local governments to increase environmental protection expenditures and environmental regulation efforts to improve the quality of the ecological environment. Therefore, in the process of implementing ecological financial transfers from the province to the counties, the concept of ecological value contribution should be incorporated into the fund allocation process. In addition, the current ecological transfer payment fund allocation method should be reconstructed on the basis of the ecological value contribution to enhance the guiding role of “high quality and high price, more work and more gain.” The goal is to effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of local governments for ecological environmental protection. Findings have significant guidance for developing countries that are currently seeking to formulate and implement such policies.

Situated southeast of the Chuwangcheng (City of the Chu kings) site, Zhengjiahu cemetery is a significant burial ground occupied throughout the Warring States and Qin-Han periods. Excavation in Area C was conducted in 2021. During the excavation, two noteworthy Qin culture tombs were uncovered—tombs M274 and M234. These tombs yielded a wooden gu-rod with extensive text and painted burial containers. The wooden gu-rod, remarkable in its form and abundant in content, is important for the study of the social history and ideology of the late Warring States period. Additionally, the discovery of painted burial containers bridges a gap in our current understanding of Qin and Han painting media and genres. These artifacts offer indispensable data for researching burial customs and rituals, along with the religious thought of the Qin migrants from Guanzhong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only by improving the production capacity of domestic herbal edible oil can China ensure the safety of the supply chain of the important industrial chain of vegetable edible oil in China and practice the big food concept. In addition to rice, maize, and soybean for using as grain and oil, there are eight kinds of herbaceous edible oil crops in Hubei Province, including rape, peanut, sesame, sunflower, perilla ( perilla seed), cotton, linen and tiger nut ( Cyperus esculentus). This paper studies the main industries of herbaceous edible oil crops and their intellectual property resources in Hubei Province, and analyzes the main problems of its inheritance, innovation and high-quality development under the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property. Finally, it proposes the countermeasures of carrying forward and inheriting traditional knowledge and traditional culture, maintaining the biodiversity of crops, strengthening the creation of new plant varieties and breeding patents, and opening up the whole chain of intellectual property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Only by developing woody edible oilseeds industry can we ensure the safety of the important industrial chain and supply chain of vegetable edible oil in China. There are 13 kinds of woody edible oil plants in Hubei, including Camellia oleifera Abel (oil tea), Juglans regia L. (walnut), Olea europaea L. (olive) and Paconia suffruticosa (oil peony). This paper studies the main industries of woody edible oilseeds in Hubei Province and their intellectual property resources, and analyzes the main problems in their intellectual property protection, inherit- ance, innovation and development. Finally, it proposes some strategies, including carrying forward the traditional knowledge related to woody edible oilseeds, innovating the "agricultural chip", creating key counties of national woody edible oil seeds, and developing industrial clusters with national advantages and characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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