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Low-carbon development has become the trend of regional high-quality development. As the first low-carbon pilot provinces, Hubei Province is the "leader" of regional carbon emission reduction. This paper analyses the changes in carbon emissions from energy consumption in Hubei Province from 2000 to 2021 and the spatial distribution characteristics of carbon emissions of cities and counties in Hubei Province from 2007 to 2017, and at the same time combines with the STIRPAT model to analyse the main factors affecting carbon emissions in Hubei Province. The results are as follows. (1) From 2000 to 2021, the carbon emissions in Hubei Province experienced three stages of rapid growth, slow growth and fluctuation changes, and the carbon footprint intensity showed a decreasing trend. (2) From 2007 to 2017, the carbon emissions of all cities and counties in Hubei Province showed an increasing trend, but there were large regional differences in carbon emissions, with the highest value in Wuhan and the lowest value in Shennongj ia Forestry District; and carbon footprint intensity of all cities and counties showed a decreasing trend. (3) Population size and energy consumption structure are the main factors affecting carbon emissions in Hubei Province, and the influence of other factors from strong to weak is urbanization rate, economic output, technological level, industrial structure, government financial expenditure, among which industrial structure is the only factor that has an inhibiting effect on carbon emissions in Hubei Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To better protect the ecological environment, this study investigates the evolution of the landscape in Hubei Province and its impact on Net Primary Production (NPP). By utilizing landscape assessment tools and neighborhood proxy methods, it quantifies the changes in NPP resulting from landscape transformations over periods of 5 and 20 years. The results indicate significant NPP variations, with changes ranging from −406.199 to 507.181 g*C/m2. The geographical detector model identifies key drivers, particularly noting significant changes in landscape features at type boundaries, which affect NPP. Land cover, especially transitions between forests, shrublands, and croplands, is identified as a critical factor. This research highlights the complex relationship between landscape modifications and NPP variations, emphasizing the importance of ecological considerations in landscape management amid urbanization. It offers valuable insights for future landscape management and conservation strategies in Hubei, aiming for ecological preservation alongside development. Additionally, this work fills a theoretical gap by linking changes in landscape features to NPP, proposing new perspectives for landscape protection and ecological capacity enhancement, and providing practical guidance for improving NPP and coordinated landscape management in Hubei.

Under the background of climate change, extreme and continuous low temperature rain and snow processes occur from time to time, bringing many adverse effects to social life. In order to further evaluate the continuous low temperature rain and snow weather, . In order to further restore the disaster scenario, the indicators of the evaluation of the continuous low temperature rain and snow process at a single station in Hubei province were revised, and the regional evaluation model of the continuous low temperature rain and snow process was fur? ther established. The revised evaluation index was applied to the evaluation of single station and regional continuous low temperature rain and snow process in Hubei Province. The results showed that: (1) The five most serious regional continuous low temperature rain and snow processes occurred in 1954, 1969, 1977, 1984 and 2008, respectively. The most serious process was from December 24, 1954 to January 18, 1955, followed by January 12, 2008 to February 5, 2008. (2) The regions prone to regional continuous low temperature rain and snow process? es in Hubei Province were concentrated in the alpine or semi-alpine regions of western Hubei, Jingzhou area in Jianghan Plain, Hanjiang River valley, low mountain plain area in Southeastem Hubei and the gap of Mountains in northeast Hubei Province. (3) Under the back? ground of climate warming, both single-station and regional continuous low temperature rain and snow processes in Hubei Province occurred more frequently before the 1980s, and decreased after the 1990s, but the severity of the events became more extrem.

The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) has become one of China's most important freshwater aquaculture species. As the epicenter of crayfish cultivation, Hubei province provides the majority of germplasm resources for breeding applications. However, the genetic diversity and population structure of P. clarkii in this area remains largely incomplete, hindering the effective utilization of these germplasm resources. In this study, 20 polymorphic microsatellites were developed and used to investigate genetic diversity and differentiation in representative P. clarkii populations from five cultivated and five wild populations in Hubei province. A total of 169 alleles were discovered at these loci, and the average polymorphic information content was calculated as 0.584. Diversity index of expected heterozygosity (He) indicated a relatively medium genetic diversity across all populations (0.431 ~ 0.565), while wild populations exhibited higher genetic diversity (He = 0.542) compared to that in cultured populations (He = 0.478). The average value of pairwise population differentiation index (Fst) was 0.108, manifesting a moderate level of genetic differentiation among populations. Analysis of molecular variance between ten populations revealed that genetic variation mostly resided within individuals (79.4%), with slightly higher variation observed in cultured populations (84.79%) compared to that in wild populations (80.52%). Bayesian assignment, dendrogram, and principal component analysis grouped the genotypes into three clusters with wide variation among the accessions. These results reflected substantial genetic differentiation presented in P. clarkii populations. Our findings shed light on the diversity status of P. clarkii in Hubei province and will be great value for genetic improvement through selective breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an important incentive and constraint system to coordinate the contradiction between ecological resource protection and regional economic development, the ecological and environmental protection effect after its implementation deserves special attention, especially for China, which involves the widest scope of payment and the largest transfer and has become the largest governmental ecological compensation program in China and even in the world. Starting from the evolution of China's eco-financial transfer system, this study conducts an empirical investigation of the ecological and environmental protection effect of the eco-financial transfer system. Such an undertaking is based on the theoretical exploration of the impact mechanism of the eco-financial transfer system to improve the ecological environment quality and based on the panel data of 40 counties in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2020. Results of the study show that the ecological financial transfer system can promote the improvement of regional ecological environment quality, but the promotion effect is insignificant. The financial funds reflect more of a financial compensation effect than a system incentive effect. The increase in the scale of ecological transfer payments is conducive to strengthening the incentive function of the system, promoting local governments to increase environmental protection expenditures and environmental regulation efforts to improve the quality of the ecological environment. Therefore, in the process of implementing ecological financial transfers from the province to the counties, the concept of ecological value contribution should be incorporated into the fund allocation process. In addition, the current ecological transfer payment fund allocation method should be reconstructed on the basis of the ecological value contribution to enhance the guiding role of "high quality and high price, more work and more gain." The goal is to effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of local governments for ecological environmental protection. Findings have significant guidance for developing countries that are currently seeking to formulate and implement such policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims/Background Reliable health-related quality of life data are critical in developing countries, in order to advocate for government agencies to develop national hemophilia care programmes. This study aims to explore the current status and influencing factors of health-related quality of life among adolescents with hemophilia in Hubei Province, so as to provide empirical data for professionals. Methods A total of 84 children with hemophilia aged 8 to 18, who were registered in Tongji Hemophilia Treatment Center and Hubei Hemophilia Home, were selected using a cluster sampling method. The "General Situation Questionnaire of Hemophiliac Adolescents", designed by Tongji Hemophilia Treatment Center, and "the Chinese version of Canadian hemophilia outcomes-kid's life assessment tool (CHO-KLAT)", were used for this study conducted from June 1, 2022 to December 30, 2022. Results 82 completed questionnaires were included. The average age of the 82 adolescents was 13.04 ± 3.29 years and all were males. Among them, 67 were hemophilia A and 15 were hemophilia B. 61 cases were severe type, 19 were moderate type and 2 cases were mild type. The average total score of the CHO-KLAT for adolescents with hemophilia in Hubei Province was 49.49, which was lower than their counterparts in developed countries. The statistically significant influencing factors included residence, annual family income, and disease type. Conclusion This study provides empirical data support for the health management of adolescents with hemophilia, highlighting the importance of improving medical resource access, transfusion convenience, and psychological support in enhancing the quality of life for this group. The results emphasize the need for healthcare systems and policymakers to take specific measures to address these factors to improve the treatment and care conditions for adolescents with hemophilia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Industria Textila is the property of Institutul National de Cercetare-Dezvoltare pentru Textile si Pielarie and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The practice of realising the value of ecological products in Hubei Province has achieved certain positive results, due to the wide range of fields involved in the transformation of the value of ecological products and the existence of trans-regional characteristics, there is still much room for the development of the institutional system and practical exploration of the transformation of the value of ecological products. Based on the status quo, achievements and problems in realising the value of ecological products, this study proposes that the realisation of the value of ecological products in Hubei Province should focus on key aspects such as trading of ecological resources, compensation for ecological protection, compensation for ecological and environmental damages, synergistic development of the two areas, and project construction access, so as to broaden the path of realising the value of ecological products, improve the supporting system, and stimulate the institutional system and practice exploration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To explore the optimal prediction model for hantavirus hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Hubei province, and to provide a basis for establishing a monitoring and early warning model for HFRS. Methods Using monthly surveillance data of HFRS incidence in Hubei province from 2005 to 2021, eight single time series models based on exponential smoothing (ETS), seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average (SARIMA) with and without regression variables, a state space model with Box 一 Cox transformation, ARMA errors, trend, and seasonal components (TBATS), a time series neural network model (NNETAR) with and without regression variables, a linear regression time series model (TSLM), and a cubic spline prediction model (SPLINEF) were used to build 162 models through 1 -4 model combinations. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used as an evaluation index to evaluate the fitting and prediction performance of the models. The comprehensive fitting and prediction performance were evaluated by calculating the mean MAPE of fitting and prediction. Results The TSLM model and its combined models had a comprehensive MAPE of more than 100%. Among the other 98 models, the optimal fitting models for single, two, three, and four - model combinations were SPLINEF (IL 98%), SARIMA - SPLINEF (15. 14%), SARIMA - NNETAR - REG - SPLINEF (16.06%), and SARIMA - TBAT - NNETAR 一 REG 一 SPLINEF (17. 75%), respectively. The optimal prediction models for single, two, three, and four - model combinations were SARIMA - REG (34.48%), SARIMA - REG - TBATS (22.77%), SARIMA - TBATS - SPLINEF (23.84%), and SARIMA - SARIMA - REG - TBATS - SPLINEF (22.31%), respectively. The optimal fitting and prediction models for single, two, three, and four 一 model combinations were SPLINEF (24.75%), SARIMA 一 SPLINEF (22. 55%), SARIMA - TBATS - SPLINEF (20. 92%), and SARIMA - SARIMA - REG - TBATS - SPLINEF (20.75%), respectively. Conclusion Based on the number of models, fitting and prediction accuracy, SARIMA 一 TBATS - SPLINEF is considered the optimal prediction model and can be used for monitoring and early warning of HF RS in Hubei. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resource carrying capacity is indispensable for sustainable development, acting as a crucial determinant for harmonizing ecological preservation with socio-economic development. This study centers on Hubei Province, which is an important water conservation area in the Yangtze River Basin and is one of the core water source areas for the South-to-North Water Diversion Project, and evaluates the water resource carrying capacity of the three major urban agglomerations in Hubei Province from 2005 to 2020 based on the four dimensions of water resources, economics, society, and ecology, using the entropy weighting method and the TOPSIS model to construct an evaluation index system. We then employ the kernel density estimation method, ArcGIS visualization, and the Dagum Gini coefficient method to perform a comprehensive analysis of spatial and temporal differences, dynamic evolution, and contribution sources. The results show that (1) the water resource carrying capacity of Hubei Province as a whole increased from a severe overload to overload level during the study period. The water resource carrying capacity of the three major urban agglomerations shows a regional distribution pattern where the Yi-Jing-Jing-En agglomeration's capacity surpasses that of the Wuhan urban agglomeration, which is bigger than Xiang-Shi-Sui-Shen urban agglomeration. A lower ecological water use rate primarily constrains the enhancement of the carrying capacity of water resources in Hubei Province. (2) The kernel density estimation reveals an increase in the overall water resource carrying capacity across Hubei Province's three major urban agglomerations during the study period, alongside a pronounced trend towards polarization. (3) While the overall Gini coefficient, indicating an imbalance in water resource carrying capacity in Hubei Province, remains high, it demonstrates a declining trend, suggesting a growing disparity in water resource carrying capacity across the province's three major urban agglomerations. Hubei Province's water resource carrying capacity faces challenges of an overall imbalance and localized vulnerability. Strategies should aim to enhance synergy, address these deficiencies directly, and devise targeted measures tailored to the distinct features of various urban clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The purpose of this study was to systematically study the evolution process and driving effects of the decoupling relationship between rural settlements and rural population. The research results were expected to provide guidance for the optimal allocation of rural land resources. [Methods] Based on the theory of decoupling and the theory of human-land relationship, the evolutionary mechanism of the phenomenon of "population reduction and land increase" in rural areas was conducted. Taking Hubei Province as an example, an empirical study was carried out using multiple remote sensing images and social statistical data from 2000 to 2020, combined with the Tapio decoupling model and LMDI decomposition method. [Results] (1) Rural settlements and population showed negative decoupling of growth, strong negative decoupling, negative decoupling of recession, and strong negative decoupling from the early stage of urbanization, rapid urbanization development, deepening urbanization development, and rural revitalization. (2) In the past 20 years, Hubei Province showed an overall trend of “decreasing population and increasing residential land”, with an increase of 1.71×104 hm2 in rural residential land and a decrease of 13.75 million people in rural permanent residents. The relationship between rural population and residential land was not coordinated. Most rural areas in Hubei Province have been in a strong negative decoupling state between rural residential land and population for a long time. The relationship between rural population and rural residential land in 2015-2020 was slightly better than that in 2000-2015. Moreover, the relationship between rural population and rural residential land in eastern Hubei was better than that in western Hubei region. (3) The intensity effect of land use and urbanization effect were the dominant factors for the expansion of rural settlements in Hubei Province, while the urban-rural population structure effect and the regional total population effect were the main hindrance factors. The contribution of each factor varied significantly across regions in Hubei Province. [Conclusion] The key to alleviating the simultaneous population reduction and residential land increase in rural areas lies in optimizing the urban and rural population structure and enhancing the intensive utilization of rural residential land.

Objective Carbonate rocks have a significant carbon sink effect in water cycle. Since karst landforms are widely distributed in China, research on the potential of karst carbon sinks plays an important role in formulating regional strategies for increasing carbon sinks. Methods In this study, groundwater monitoring points in Hubei Province, which is located in the karst area of Southwest China, were selected. Quantitative calculations and method comparisons were performed based on the hydrochemical runoff method and the infiltration-equilibrium chemistry method. The spatial pattern and magnitude of karst carbon sinks in the hilly mountains of Hubei Province from 2019 to 2021 were evaluated via ArcGIS spatial analysis techniques. Additionally, the most suitable method for estimating karst carbon sinks at the regional scale were explored, the comprehensive analysis of the drivers of karst carbon sinks was performed, and the potential for increasing sinks were explored. Results The results showed that: (1) the intensity of carbon sinks estimated by the infiltration-equilibrium chemistry method were 2020>2019>2021. The total amount of karst carbon sinks in wet year (2020) was approximately 6 times of that in dry year (2019). The average annual carbon sink intensity in the three years was 12.84 t/(km2·a) and the annual total amount of carbon reached 163.89×104 t/a; (2) the infiltration-equilibrium chemistry method was more accurate in calculation results and simpler in data acquisition than the hydrochemical runoff method, and had a certain universality at both large and small spatial scales; (3) the change in carbon sinks was highly dynamic. The extent of changes in carbon sinks under climate change was mainly determined by runoff depth, with the intensity of carbon sinks increasing with runoff depth, while land use regulated the intensity of carbon sinks in karst processes; and (4) the karstification is strong in southwestern Hubei Province, so a pilot field of karst carbon sinks could be established within the area to quantitatively evaluate artificial interventions to increase carbon sinks. Conclusion This study not only provides an accurate and easy-to-use method for estimating karst carbon sinks, but also determines the magnitude and spatial pattern of karst carbon sinks in Hubei Province and figures out the coupling effect of the driving factors of carbon sink intensity, which demonstrates the complexity and anthropogenic control lability of karst carbon sinks. The results of this study provides a reliable scientific basis for the formulation of environmental protection policies and artificial sink increase measures.

In 1954, a devastating flood struck the entire Yangzi River basin, causing the first major natural disaster in the newly established People's Republic of China (PRC). The young regime had just embarked on its First Five-Year Plan, aimed at achieving rapid economic development and industrialization. The flood swept across several provinces, displaced populations, and submerged farmlands, posing both a new challenge and an opportunity for the regime to shape the socioeconomic landscape of the affected regions. This article uses a localized perspective to examine how the rural society of Hubei Province, the hardest-hit area, responded to the disaster. The central government's self-help doctrine delegated much power to local governments and communities. Local officials and rural cadres had considerable leeway in managing the relief campaign as they simultaneously followed the state macroeconomic policy of rural collectivization. The 1954 flood in Hubei Province serves as a case study that illustrates the complexities of disaster management in the early years of the PRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fragile ecosystems that are affected by erosion from high pollution environmental loads pose a serious threat to human health and well-being. The evaluation of regional environmental loads has become a major issue for eco-environmental conservation and management. As a key region in central China, Hubei Province relies on ecosystems and the environment, which offer an important foundation for sustainable development and continuous improvements in social productivity. For this study, seven influencing factors were selected, and a correlation degree model was applied to assess Hubei Province's environmental loads during the period from 1995-2019. The results show that the overall environmental loads exhibit a fluctuating decreasing trend in response to economic growth and development actions. Moreover, as eco-environmental pollution problems have been addressed and improved over time, the ecosystem operating status has been gradually optimized. Finally, the paper concludes with a proposal of specific measures designed to mitigate Hubei Province's ecological loading from the perspectives of industrial structure, public awareness and technological innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment is the property of Journal of Ecology & Rural Environment Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences is the property of Editorial Board of Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The aims of this study are to elucidate the relationship between the production-living-ecological functions in Hubei Province and the role of their influencing factors on the spatial layout of the territorial space, and to provide theoretical support for optimizing the development and protection pattern of the territorial space. [Methods] The framework of ‘function evaluation-quantification of relationships-identification of mechanisms’ was follows to evaluate the production-living-ecology functions based on the grid scale, and the root mean square error (RMSE) model and geographical detector model were used to explore the spatiotemporal pattern and influencing factors of spatial functional trade-off relationships, respectively, which broke through the limitations of existing studies on the dynamic evolution of spatial function relationships at the microscopic scale. [Results] (1) From 2000 to 2020, the production and living functions of the region had been improved, with significant changes in the high areas of Wuhan City and low areas of the western mountainous areas of Hubei, expanding by 538.54 km~2 and 14 207.47 km² respectively. The overall ecological function had weakened, and the reduction in the high areas of the four mountainous regions had been marked, with an average annual decrease of 1 009.50 km². (2) During the study period, the intensity of production-living function trade-off was characterized by a ‘Λ’-shaped evolution, and the spatial layout showed an ‘expansion of low-value areas and contraction of high-value areas’, especially in the central and western parts of Suizhou City and the main urban area of Wuhan City. The change patterns of production-ecological function intensity and living-ecological function intensity were similar, with an inverted N-shaped evolution trend, but the spatial distribution pattern differed significantly, showing a ‘high in the middle and low around’ distribution pattern and a center-periphery spatial layout, respectively. (3) In 2000—2005, 2005—2010, 2010—2015, and 2015—2020, the dynamic changes of the production-life function trade-off index were especially prominent in the main urban areas of one provincial center of Wuhan and two provincial sub-centers of Xiangyang and Yichang, some counties and districts of Wuhan Metropolitan Area and mountainous areas of western Hubei Province. The significant changes of production-ecological function trade-off index and living-ecological function trade-off index mainly distributed in four mountainous areas and some counties and districts of Jianghan Plain in Hubei Province. (4) Population density, GDP, and human activity intensity were the main drivers of the territorial spatial functional trade-off relationship. [Conclusion] The overall level of synergy among the production-living-ecological functions in Hubei Province is improving, and socio-economic activities have a greater impact on the coordinated development of the production-living-ecological functions, which should be followed up by strengthening the territorial space control and management in accordance with the local conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Tropical Medicine is the property of China Tropical Medicine Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

High-resolution bioclimatic data are crucial to providing fine-scaled insights into biodiversity assessment, forestry, and agricultural management. Existing global bioclimatic datasets often exhibit kilometer-level coarse resolution or have miss the data in recent decades, potentially resulting in the issues of lower spatial accuracy, limited information, and restricted applicability in fine-scaled studies. Hubei Province in Yangtze River Middle Reaches has sparse meteorological stations in high-altitude mountainous areas to map the high-resolution bioclimatic variables directly. This study developed a 30-year averaged bioclimatic dataset for Hubei Province during 1991–2020 at a 30-m spatial resolution, utilizing monthly temperatures and precipitation derived from a downscaling-calibration framework. The downscaling of 1-km resolution climate variables was achieved by using a random forest model with 30-m resolution terrain and spatial covariates. Then, the geographical differential analysis was applied to improve the accuracy of downscaled products by including additional ground data. The mean absolute errors of calibrated monthly maximum, mean, minimum temperatures, and precipitation based on ordinary kriging decreased from 0.74 °C, 0.47 °C, 0.47 °C, and 28.27 mm to 0.43 °C, 0.28 °C, 0.36 °C, and 21.43 mm, respectively. Finally, calibrated climate variables were employed to calculate 19 annual bioclimatic variables, which were subsequently averaged over the 30-year period. The constructed bioclimatic dataset exhibits high overall consistency with the WorldClim dataset according to pixel-based comparison (Spearman correlation coefficients >0.6), with differences mainly attributed to the superior local accuracy of our dataset and climate changes. The dataset will provide fine-scaled, updated, and reliable data supports for local-related studies and decision making.

Cropland quantity and quality are two important indicators for determining agricultural production. However, few studies integrate them at the pixel level for a comprehensive assessment of food production potential. Consequently, it is hard to evaluate the implementation effectiveness of China's Requisition–Compensation Balance of Farmland (RCBF) policy, which requires balances in cropland quality and quantity for land exploitation. Here, we presented a novel framework to assess the impacts of cropland change on food production potential by combining cropland quantity and quality from pixel to county level. The cropland quantity was defined as cropland gain or loss calculated by 30‐m land cover datasets, while cropland quality was characterized by the integration of climate, terrain, and soil factors using a fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method. Then, nine distinct patterns, reflecting the interdependence between changed cropland area and production potential, were identified to represent the implementation effectiveness of RCBF policy for each county. Results showed cropland area decreased by 1.85% during 2005–2015 in Hubei Province, which mainly occurred in regions with moisture climate and very flat terrain. A majority of croplands with the best soil fertility remained relatively stable during this period. The pattern "more occupation than compensation" was the dominant way of implementing RCBF in Hubei. Four counties positively responded to RCBF, for which the compensatory croplands had superior quality than occupied croplands. This study presented an efficient way to evaluate the impacts of cropland change on agricultural production potential, which provides valuable insights for researchers and decision‐makers to strengthen practices and improve policies for land reclamation and consolidation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation is the property of Bulletin of Soil & Water Conservation Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ever more astounding numbers of animals are being farmed for human consumption. Paul Dobraszczyk, a lecturer at the Bartlett School of Architecture, University College London, argues that humanity does not see or bother to comprehend the cruelty these animals are subjected to within industrialised farming processes and slaughterhouses. This, he says, is a design issue, requiring more effort to be made to give these animals a dignified life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) is the property of Journal of South-Central Minzu University (Natural Science Edition) Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Situated southeast of the Chuwangcheng (City of the Chu kings) site, Zhengjiahu cemetery is a significant burial ground occupied throughout the Warring States and Qin-Han periods. Excavation in Area C was conducted in 2021. During the excavation, two noteworthy Qin culture tombs were uncovered—tombs M274 and M234. These tombs yielded a wooden gu-rod with extensive text and painted burial containers. The wooden gu-rod, remarkable in its form and abundant in content, is important for the study of the social history and ideology of the late Warring States period. Additionally, the discovery of painted burial containers bridges a gap in our current understanding of Qin and Han painting media and genres. These artifacts offer indispensable data for researching burial customs and rituals, along with the religious thought of the Qin migrants from Guanzhong. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only by improving the production capacity of domestic herbal edible oil can China ensure the safety of the supply chain of the important industrial chain of vegetable edible oil in China and practice the big food concept. In addition to rice, maize, and soybean for using as grain and oil, there are eight kinds of herbaceous edible oil crops in Hubei Province, including rape, peanut, sesame, sunflower, perilla ( perilla seed), cotton, linen and tiger nut ( Cyperus esculentus). This paper studies the main industries of herbaceous edible oil crops and their intellectual property resources in Hubei Province, and analyzes the main problems of its inheritance, innovation and high-quality development under the strategy of strengthening the country with intellectual property. Finally, it proposes the countermeasures of carrying forward and inheriting traditional knowledge and traditional culture, maintaining the biodiversity of crops, strengthening the creation of new plant varieties and breeding patents, and opening up the whole chain of intellectual property rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Modern Food Science & Technology is the property of Editorial Office of Modern Food Science & Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

ObjectiveTo examine annual number of first registered human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases aged ≥ 50 years and its changing trend in Hubei province during 2011 – 2020 for providing evidence to the development of targeted strategies on HIV/AIDS epidemic prevention. MethodsThe data on 9 224 HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥ 50 years first registered in Hubei province during 2011 – 2020 were extracted from the Information System for AIDS Prevention and Control of China′s Disease Prevention and Control Information System and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The changing trend of annual number of the HIV/AIDS cases was analyzed with joinpoint regression model. ResultsThe 9 224 cases aged ≥ 50 years accounted for 35.04% of all the HIV/AIDS cases (n = 26 324) first registered in the province during the 10-year period. The annual number of the cases ≥ 50 years showed a significant increasing trend in the period (Z = 21.01, P < 0.001). The results of joinpoint regression analysis revealed gender- and infection route-different changing trajectories for the annual number of first registered cases aged ≥ 50 years during the period: (1) increasing from 2011 to 2017 for all the male and the female cases, with the annual percentage change (APC) of 24.68 and 23.91; (2) decreasing from 2017 to 2020 for the male cases (APC = – 1.93); (3) increasing slowly from 2017 to 2022 for the female cases (APC = 2.25); (4) increasing rapidly from 2011 to 2016 (APC = 29.31) but slowly from 2016 to 2020 (APC = 2.76) for the male cases sexually infected; (5) increasing from 2011 to 2017 (APC = 26.12) but decreasing from 2017 to 2022 (APC = – 6.34) for the male cases infected homosexually; (6) increasing obviously from 2011 to 2016 (APC = 28.77) and the increase slowing down from 2016 to 2022 (APC = 3.73) for the male cases infected heterosexually; (7) increasing from 2011 to 2017 (APC = 26.01) and the increase slowing down from 2017 to 2020 (APC = 1.47) for the female cases with sexually transmitted infection; and (8) decreasing from 2011 to 2020 for the cases with non sexually transmitted infection or unknown transmission routes (APC = – 25.66). ConclusionThe annual number of first registered HIV/AIDS cases aged ≥ 50 years increased from 2011 to 2020 in Hubei province and the majority of the cases were infected due to heterosexual transmission. The results suggest that targeted interventions should be developed for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS epidemic in the elderly population.

As an important incentive and constraint system to coordinate the contradiction between ecological resource protection and regional economic development, the ecological and environmental protection effect after its implementation deserves special attention, especially for China, which involves the widest scope of payment and the largest transfer and has become the largest governmental ecological compensation program in China and even in the world. Starting from the evolution of China’s eco-financial transfer system, this study conducts an empirical investigation of the ecological and environmental protection effect of the eco-financial transfer system. Such an undertaking is based on the theoretical exploration of the impact mechanism of the eco-financial transfer system to improve the ecological environment quality and based on the panel data of 40 counties in Hubei Province from 2010 to 2020. Results of the study show that the ecological financial transfer system can promote the improvement of regional ecological environment quality, but the promotion effect is insignificant. The financial funds reflect more of a financial compensation effect than a system incentive effect. The increase in the scale of ecological transfer payments is conducive to strengthening the incentive function of the system, promoting local governments to increase environmental protection expenditures and environmental regulation efforts to improve the quality of the ecological environment. Therefore, in the process of implementing ecological financial transfers from the province to the counties, the concept of ecological value contribution should be incorporated into the fund allocation process. In addition, the current ecological transfer payment fund allocation method should be reconstructed on the basis of the ecological value contribution to enhance the guiding role of “high quality and high price, more work and more gain.” The goal is to effectively stimulate the enthusiasm of local governments for ecological environmental protection. Findings have significant guidance for developing countries that are currently seeking to formulate and implement such policies.

Only by developing woody edible oilseeds industry can we ensure the safety of the important industrial chain and supply chain of vegetable edible oil in China. There are 13 kinds of woody edible oil plants in Hubei, including Camellia oleifera Abel (oil tea), Juglans regia L. (walnut), Olea europaea L. (olive) and Paconia suffruticosa (oil peony). This paper studies the main industries of woody edible oilseeds in Hubei Province and their intellectual property resources, and analyzes the main problems in their intellectual property protection, inherit- ance, innovation and development. Finally, it proposes some strategies, including carrying forward the traditional knowledge related to woody edible oilseeds, innovating the "agricultural chip", creating key counties of national woody edible oil seeds, and developing industrial clusters with national advantages and characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Geology & Exploration is the property of Geology & Exploration Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Publishing Journal is the property of Wuhan University, School of Information Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

[Objective] The analysis of the spatial and temporal evolution patterns and drivers of ecological lands is of great significance to optimize the ecological security pattern and enhance the sustainable supply of regional ecosystem services in Hubei Province. [Methods] Based on the land survey data, the area and structure, landscape pattern, spatial and temporal changes and drivers of major ecological lands in Hubei Province during 2009—2019 were analyzed by using the landscape pattern indies and Geodetector model. [Results] (1) The total area of ecological lands in Hubei Province showed a rising trend, while the contiguity of major ecological lands decreased during 2009—2019, and the risk of interference and erosion of ecological lands by human activities also increased at the same time. (2) Urbanization and agricultural production activities, such as the development of arable land and orchard, were the main causes of ecological lands loss. On the other hand, forest (lake) rehabilitation and land consolidation project were the main ways to replenish ecological lands in Hubei Province. (3) The major drivers of ecological land change in Hubei Province included average annual precipitation, urbanization rate, per capita arable land area, gross value of primary industry, and edge density and landscape shape index of the ecological land patches. Among them, the interaction between urbanization rate and primary industry output could explain 86.6% of ecological land changes, indicating that the combined effect of urbanization and agricultural development was the main cause of ecological land changes in Hubei Province. [Conclusion] The total amount of ecological land in Hubei Province was improving. However, attention should be focused on the negative impacts of ecological land spatial patterns and human activities, such as living and production, on the ecological land. In the future, it is necessary to optimize the ecological space protection pattern, enhance the utilization efficiency of agricultural and built-up land, and build a solid ecological barrier in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Central China Normal University is the property of Huazhong Normal University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective To analyze the pesticriele; residues in vegetables sold in Hubei Province, and to evaluate; the pesticide; residue; risks. Methods 1 327 samples of 8 types of vegetables were; collected in Hubei Province; in 2022. 46 pesticide; residues were; detected and analyzed, and the; indc;x of foed safety method was used to assess risks. Results 35 were; ele;te;e;te;ei and 16 exceeded the; standard among the; 46 pesticides. The; highest detection rate; was cnoylmorpholinc; (53.09%) anel the; highest exceeding rate; was triazophos (22. 22%). 7 kinds of vegetables were; detected, anel 5 kinds of vegetables exceeded the; stanelarel among the; 8 kinels of vegetables. The; highest detention rate; was melon (65. 79%) anel the; highest exceeding rate; was bean (32. 53%). The; safety index of the; average; value; erf elete;e;te;el pesticide; rcsielucs was less than 1, anel the; safety index of the; maximum value; erf se;ve;n pesticide; residues, such as fipronil, triazophos was more; than 1. Conclusion The; overall risk of pesticide; residues in vegetables sold in Hubei Province; is relatively low in 2022, but some; vegetable; varieties have; a high rate; erf' exceeding the; stanelarel. The; maximum detected values erf pesticide; residues sucli as flufenitrile;, triazophos pose; certain safety risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flash floods are ferocious and destructive, making their forecasting and early warning difficult and easily causing casualties. In order to improve the accuracy of early warning, a dynamic early warning index system was established based on the distributed spatio-temporally mixed model through a case study of riverside villages in Hubei Province. Fully taking into account previous rainfall and assuming different rainfall conditions, this work developed a dynamic early warning threshold chart by determining critical rainfall thresholds at different soil moisture levels (dry, normal, wet, and saturated) through pilot calculations, to support a quick query of the critical rainfall at any soil moisture level. The research results show that of the 74 counties and districts in Hubei Province, more than 50% witnessed higher mean critical rainfall than empirical thresholds when the soil was saturated, and about 90% did so when the soil was dry. In 881 towns, a total of 456 early warnings were generated based on dynamic thresholds from 2020 to 2022, 15.2% more than those based on empirical thresholds. From the perspective of total rainfall, dynamic early warnings were generated more frequently in wet years, while empirical early warnings were more frequent in dry years, and the frequency of two warnings were roughly the same in normal years. There were more early warnings based on empirical thresholds in May each year, but more based on dynamic thresholds in June and July, and early warnings generated based on the two methods were almost equal in August and September. Spatially, after dynamic early warning thresholds were adopted, Shiyan and Xiangyang, both northwestern cities in Hubei Province, witnessed significant increases in early warnings. In terms of the early warning mechanism, dynamic early warning took into account the impact of soil moisture and analyzed the flood discharge capacity of river channels according to the flood stage of the riverside villages. On this basis, the rainfall early warning thresholds under different conditions were determined. This is a refined early warning method that could improve the accuracy of flash flood warnings in Hubei Province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ObjectiveTo examine temporal and spatial distribution patterns and influencing factors of human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) epidemic among adolescents in Hubei province, and to predict prevalence trend of the epidemic for providing reference to HIV/AIDS epidemic prevention and control in the adolescents. MethodsThe data on registered HIV/AIDS incident cases aged 15 – 24 years in Hubei province from 2009 through 2019 were collected from Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention and analyzed statistically with spatial autocorrelation, geographically weighted regression, geographic detector, and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model. Results The HIV/AIDS incidence among the adolescents in the province increased rapidly during the period, with an average annual growth rate of 16.2%. The HIV/AIDS epidemic was the most serious among adolescents living in the central and eastern part of Hubei province, especially in Wuhan city and its surrounding counties and the epidemic spread gradually across the province. Regions with stable high-high clustering of the epidemic were observed in urban Wuhan and its surrounding areas. The regions with high clustering of the epidemic distributed generally from northwest to southeast of the province during the period. The incidence of HIV/AIDS in the adolescents was affected by natural and social factors and there were differences in the intensity and spatial distribution of the factors including traffic network density, population density, the number of schools, number of medical and health institutions, urbanization rate, altitude, and gross domestic product per capita ranking in downward order of the effect intensity of the factor. Both the population density and the traffic network density have a positive effect on the epidemic. The interaction between influencing factors plays an important role in promoting the spread of the epidemic. When any two influencing factors interact with each other, their influence will be enhanced interactively or nonlinearly. Based on the result of ARIMA analysis, the HIV/AIDS epidemic could be more serious among the adolescents in the province during 2020 – 2023, especially in urban Wuhan and some other prefectures. ConclusionThe HIV/AIDS epidemic was spreading among adolescents in Hubei province during 2009 – 2019, suggesting that relevant education and intervention should be strengthened in the population.

ObjectiveTo understand the epidemiological characteristics of influenza in Jingzhou from 2016 to 2021， so as to provide scientific evidence for the formulation of influenza prevention and control policies in this region， and effectively protect people's health.MethodsData of influenza-like illness （ILI） and pathogen surveillance in Jingzhou during 2016‒2021 were collected and statistically analyzed.ResultsA total of 46 272 ILI cases were reported from two hospitals in Jingzhou City from 2016 to 2021. The difference in the constituent ratio of ILI was statistically significant among different age groups （P

Understanding the patterns, relationships, and driving forces between ecosystem services (ESs) supply–demand at multiple spatial scales can facilitate sustainable hierarchical management. However, the scale effects of ESs supply–demand mismatches were typically ignored, resulting in inadequate targeted ecosystem promotion policies. This study identified the supply–demand mismatches of the key ESs (grain production, water yield, carbon sequestration, and soil conservation) using the ecological supply–demand ratio and bivariate Moran's I at three grid and county scales from 2000 to 2020 in Hubei Province, China. Then the spatial regression models were applied to explore the driving forces of these mismatches. The major results revealed that (1) Hubei Province and counties located away from urban areas were self-sufficient in the ESs supply–demand, but the numbers of these counties declined over the twenty years. The characteristics of ESs mismatches in some patches may be obscured at coarser scales. (2) The directions of socioecological drivers were robust, but their intensities changed significantly at the four scales. The normalized difference vegetation index was the primary positive driver at the fine scale, while population, economy, and proportion of construction land became dominant drivers at coarser scales. Factors influencing mismatches were more diverse at the fine scale compared to the coarse scale. (3) Efficient strategies were scale-dependent and place-based. Different management units should clarify their responsibilities and strengthen linkages between upper and lower levels to achieve sustainable ESs development. At the provincial level, strengthening interregional cooperation and allocating surplus grain and water resources from the southwest to urban regions contributes to balancing regional ESs. At the county level, adopting region-specific strategies based on delineating ESs management zones is crucial. At finer management levels, incorporating micro-scale mismatch locations and natural background information can provide valuable guidance for localized ecological protection and restoration projects. The findings underscore the strengths of conducting assessments of ESs supply–demand at multiple scales, enabling different government levels to enhance effective ecosystem management and prevent misinformation.

Longitudinal wheat yields in China have declined in recent times due to climate change, more frequent natural disasters, and suboptimal agronomic management. To date, it has been unclear which factors have predominated yield penalties realised hitherto in Hubei Province. This study aimed to identify key factors limiting wheat production across systems and agroecological regions, and provide a basis for increasing crop production while engendering food security. Survey data from 791 households in Hubei Province were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Significant spatial heterogeneity in average wheat yields was observed, with the Jianghan Plain region having significantly lower yields compared with the northwest region (yield gap: 1125 kg·hm−2). Dryland wheat had higher average yields than rice-rotation wheat (yield gap: 134 to 575 kg·hm−2). Socioeconomic factors, cultivation management measures, and environmental factors contributed differently to yield differences. Input costs and economic benefits were key social factors influencing wheat production. Variation in management were mainly attributed to planting methods, while soil fertility and climatic factors limited yields in some regions. In the northwest, low soil fertility and susceptibility to drought and high temperatures had greater influence on yields. In the Jianghan Plain, soil waterlogging and erosion were key challenges. Waterlogging increased the probability of low yields by 8.6 times, while severe soil erosion increased probability of yield loss by a factor of almost five. Low-yield farms in the Jianghan Plain were 21% higher than those in the northwest. Extreme weather events also contributed to low yields in the Jianghan Plain. We note significant potential for increasing farm-level wheat production in Hubei Province, with large existing differences across agro-ecological regions and planting modes. Differences in cultivation practices was a major driving factor of yield gaps between planting modes, while soil fertility and meteorological disasters drive regional yield differences. These results have implications for those aspiring to narrow the yield gap across regions and increase production of cereal crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Machine learning algorithms, including supervised and unsupervised learning ones, have been widely used in mineral prospectivity mapping. Supervised learning algorithms require the use of numerous known mineral deposits to ensure the reliability of the training results. Unsupervised learning algorithms can be applied to areas with rare or no known deposits. Reinforcement learning (RL) is a type of machine learning algorithm that differs from supervised and unsupervised learning models in that the learning process is performed interactively by the agent and environment. The environment feeds the agent with reward signals and states, and the agent synthetically evaluates the mineralization potential of each state based on these rewards. In this study, a deep RL framework was constructed for mineral prospectivity mapping, and a case study for mapping gold prospectivity in northwest Hubei Province, China, was used to test the framework. The deep RL agent extracted the information of known mineralization by automatically interacting with the environment while simultaneously mining potential mineralization information from the unlabeled dataset. Its comparison with random forest and isolation forest models demonstrates that deep RL performs better regardless of the number of known mineral deposits because of its unique reward and feedback mechanism. The delineated high-potential areas show a strong spatial correlation with known gold deposits and can therefore provide significant clues for future prospecting in the study area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Geology & Resources is the property of Geology & Resources Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)