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[Objective] The biochemical quality of natural hybrid progenies from the new tea variety with yellow bud Huangjinya' was explored, which provided reference for the systematic identification, localization improvement, development and utilization of Huangjinya. [Method] The contents of gallic acid, caffeine, EGC, C, EC, EGCG, GCG, ECG and theanine from 111 Huangjinya natural hybrid progenies were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The biochemical quality of 111 Huangjinya natural hybrid progenies was evaluated through correlation analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis. [Result] The variability coefficient of 12 biochemical traits were 8. 47%126.53%, and the average value was 34. 90%. GCG had the highest degree of variability, followed by gallic acid (82.91%), while caffeine had the lowest variability coefficient. The genetic diversity index of 12 biochemical traits were 0.983 2. 088, and the average value was 1.896. Caffeine had the highest diversity index, followed by ester catechins (2.057), while gallic acid had the lowest diversity index. There were rules in the correlation of 12 biochemical trait to a certain degree, among which the catechin traits had significant correlation. 25 pairs of correlation coefficient from 36 pairs of correlation coefficient of 9 catechin traits had extremely significant positive correlation, and a pair of correlation coefficient had significant positive correlation. There were significant positive correlation between caffeine and EGCG, between caffeine and ECG, between caffeine and ester catechins, between caffeine and total catechins, whose correlation coefficients were 0. 394, 0. 357, 0. 460 and 0. 386. The theanine was negatively correlated with caffeine, EC and non-ester catechins, and correlation coefficients were 0.212, 0.228 and 0.190, respectively. The theanine was extremely negatively correlated with EGCG, ECG, ester catechins and total catechins, whose correlation coefficients were 0.282, 0.414, 0.402 and 0.430, respectively. 5 principal components were extracted by PCA and the cumulative contribution rate was 83.541%. Total catechins, ester catechins, EGCG and ECG from the first principal component were the main traits to evaluating biochemical quality of 111 progenies. In addition, the comprehensive assessment results showed that HJY-F1-52, HJY-F1-82, HJY-F1-61 and HJY-F1-46 were excellent in biochemical quality. 111 progenies were divided into 4 categories by cluster analysis, and the main biochemical characteristics of class II were higher content of caffeine, EGCG, ECG, ester catechins and total catechins, while was lower content of theanine. The main biochemical characteristics of class IV were lower content of caffeine, C, EGCG, ester catechins and total catechins, while was higher content of theanine. Class I and class III were between the class II and class IV. [Conclusion] The biochemical traits of Huangjinya natural hybrid progenies owned rich genetic diversity. 4 germplasm (HJY-F1-52, HJY-F1-82, HJY-F1-61 and HJY-F1-46) with better biochemical performance were selected based on the comprehensive score of the principal components, which could form new varieties and be used in developing the new products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, Eucalyptus plantations occupy 22 million ha area and is one of the preferred hardwood species due to their short rotation, rapid growth, adaptability and wood properties. In this study, we present results of GWAS in parents and 100 hybrids of Eucalyptus tereticornis × E. grandis using 762 genes presumably involved in wood formation. Comparative analysis between parents predicted 32,202 polymorphic SNPs with high average read depth of 269-562× per individual per nucleotide. Seventeen wood related traits were phenotyped across three diverse environments and GWAS was conducted using 13,610 SNPs. A total of 45 SNP-trait associations were predicted across two locations. Seven large effect markers were identified which explained more than 80% of phenotypic variation for fibre area. This study has provided an array of candidate genes which may govern fibre morphology in this genus and has predicted potential SNPs which can guide future breeding programs in tropical Eucalyptus. • In bi-parental population of E. tereticornis x E. grandis , highest heritability was documented for cellulose percent. • Genome-wide association study was conducted for 17 wood property traits using 13,610 polymorphic SNPs from 762 genes. • A total of seven markers explained more than 80% phenotypic variance for fibre area. • This study has provided an array of candidate genes which may have significant effect on fibre morphology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthurium is an important ornamental crop in the world market and its floral scent can enhance its ornamental value. To date, studies of the components and formation mechanism of the floral scent of Anthurium are relatively few. In this study, the scent profiles of two Anthurium varieties were measured by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). There were 32 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in Anthurium ‘Mystral’, and the most abundant compound was eucalyptol (57.5%). Extremely small amounts of VOCs were detected in Anthurium ‘Alabama’. Compared with A. ‘Alabama’, most genes related to floral scent synthesis exhibited a higher expression in A.‘Mystral’, including AaDXS, AaDXR, AaMDS, AaHDS, AaTPS, AaDAHPS, AaADT2, AaPAL1, and AaPAL2. In order to produce new varieties of Anthurium with fragrance, 454 progenies of two crossbred combinations of A. ‘Mystral’ and A. ‘Alabama’ were obtained. Four F1 generation plants with different floral scent intensities were selected for further study. The major components of floral scent in the progenies were similar to that of the parental A.‘Mystral’ plant. The expression patterns of genes related to floral scent synthesis were consistent with the relative contents of different types of VOCs. This study revealed the profiles of volatile compounds and associated gene expression in two Anthurium cultivars and their F1 hybrids, which provided a basis for the floral scent inheritance of Anthurium andraeanum.

In this study, the intergeneric hybrids F1, F2, BC1F1, BC1F2, and BC2F1 from Elytrigia elongata and Triticum aestivum crosses were produced to study their chromosome pairing behavior. The average E. elongata chromosome configuration of the two F1 hybrids agreed with the theoretical chromosome configuration of 21I+7II, indicating that the genomic constitution of this F1 hybrid was ABDStStEeEbEx. Compared with the BC1F1 generation, the BC2F1 generation showed a rapid decrease in the number of E. elongata chromosomes and the BC1F2 generation showed a more extensive distribution of E. elongata chromosomes. In addition, pairing between wheat and E. elongata chromosomes was detected in each of the wheat-E. elongata hybrid progenies, albeit rarely. Our results demonstrated that genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) using an E. elongata genomic DNA probe offers a reliable approach for characterizing chromosome pairing in wheat and E. elongata hybrid progenies.

By intergeneric sexual hybridization between Sinapis alba and Brassica oleracea, F1, F2 and BC1 progeny plants were produced. S. alba plants (genome SS, 2n = 24) were pollinated with B. oleracea (genome CC, 2n = 18), and the fertile F1 plants were pollinated with B. oleracea to obtain BC1 plants. GISH analysis showed that 10 out of 12 F1 plants had 12 S. alba chromosomes (one full S chromosome set) and nine B. oleracea chromosomes (one C chromosome sets), representing the expected hybrids. However, two F1 plants had 12 S chromosomes and 18 C chromosomes (two C chromosome sets), indicating unexpected hybrids. A maximum of three trivalents between C and S chromosomes were identified at metaphase I of semi-fertile F1 pollen mother cells (PMCs), which indicates homology and chromosome pairing between these two genomes. The C genome had obviously been doubled in two F2 plants from selfed semi-fertile F1 plants. BC1 plants consisted of 18 C chromosomes and different numbers of one, five and six additional S chromosomes, respectively. Monosomic alien addition lines developed in the present study can be used for B. oleracea breeding and Sinapis alba gene mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anthurium is an important ornamental crop in the world market and its floral scent can enhance its ornamental value. To date, studies of the components and formation mechanism of the floral scent of Anthurium are relatively few. In this study, the scent profiles of two Anthurium varieties were measured by gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). There were 32 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) identified in Anthurium 'Mystral', and the most abundant compound was eucalyptol (57.5%). Extremely small amounts of VOCs were detected in Anthurium 'Alabama'. Compared with A. 'Alabama', most genes related to floral scent synthesis exhibited a higher expression in A.'Mystral', including AaDXS, AaDXR, AaMDS, AaHDS, AaTPS, AaDAHPS, AaADT2, AaPAL1, and AaPAL2. In order to produce new varieties of Anthurium with fragrance, 454 progenies of two crossbred combinations of A. 'Mystral' and A. 'Alabama' were obtained. Four F1 generation plants with different floral scent intensities were selected for further study. The major components of floral scent in the progenies were similar to that of the parental A.'Mystral' plant. The expression patterns of genes related to floral scent synthesis were consistent with the relative contents of different types of VOCs. This study revealed the profiles of volatile compounds and associated gene expression in two Anthurium cultivars and their F1 hybrids, which provided a basis for the floral scent inheritance of Anthurium andraeanum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we explored the metamorphosis and skeletal development of hybrids between Epinephelus awoara (♀) and Epinephelus tukula (♂) (EAT). Currently, many varieties with good characters have been produced by cross breeding, which plays an important role in the development of aquaculture. However, few basic studies have focused on the developmental biology of hybrid progeny. We studied the morphological characteristics and body structure of larvae and juveniles of the hybrid and measured their body length. The results showed that the metamorphosis process of the hybrid grouper was comparable to that of other groupers. Moreover, using whole-mount bone-staining technology, the ontogeny and ossification of the cranium, appendage skeleton and vertebral column were observed and described in the larvae and juveniles. Newly hatched larvae did not have a skeleton. Head cartilage and the pectoral fin developed at 3 days after hatching (DAH), and the total length (TL) was 2.74 ± 0.06 mm. Cartilage of the dorsal fin and pelvic fin developed at 15 DAH (3.90 ± 0.97 mm TL). The vertebral column and caudal fin cartilage appeared at 18 DAH (4.69 ± 0.58 mm TL). Cartilage was observed in the anal fin at 22 DAH (6.16 ± 1.76 mm TL). The second dorsal fin spine and pelvic fin spine were fully ossified between 24 and 26 DAH (8.01 ± 1.41–9.29 ± 1.64 mm TL). The first skeletal part that completed ossification was the pelvic fin, which occurred at the 44 DAH (24.64 ± 3.63 mm TL). The vertebral column was fully ossified at 47 DAH (29.70 ± 1.97 mm TL). The dorsal fin and anal fin were ossified at 51 DAH (34.64 ± 1.92 mm TL) and the cephalic skeleton, caudal fin and pectoral fin were fully ossified at 68 DAH (41.89 ± 2.16 mm TL). These results provide abundant biological data on the metamorphosis and skeletal development of larvae and juvenile groupers, as well as analysis of the growth and survival rate advantage of hybrid offspring. • Metamorphosis and skeletal development of the hybrid grouper were observed. • Other bones start to ossify when the second dorsal spine ossified completely. • The hybrid grouper has heterosis in growth and survival rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]