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Abstract Background Poor neurological recovery in patients after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has been frequently reported; however, no study has analyzed the preoperative imaging characteristics of patients to investigate the factors affecting surgical prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that affect the preoperative imaging characteristics of patients and their influence on poor neurologic recovery after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 89 patients who met the criteria for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of single-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy and evaluated the patients’ neurological recovery based on the recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores at the time of the final follow-up visit. Patients were categorized into the “good” and “poor” groups based on the JOA recovery rates of ≥ 50% and

This study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of primary hepatic angiosarcoma, a rare and aggressive malignancy, focusing on its diagnostic challenges and unique imaging characteristics. The objective is to delineate the distinctive features of angiosarcoma through computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging modalities, contributing to improved diagnostic precision and adding valuable insights to the scientific literature. We present the case of a 25-year-old male with primary hepatic angiosarcoma, emphasizing the challenges in distinguishing it from other vascular tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Poor neurological recovery in patients after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion has been frequently reported; however, no study has analyzed the preoperative imaging characteristics of patients to investigate the factors affecting surgical prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors that affect the preoperative imaging characteristics of patients and their influence on poor neurologic recovery after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 89 patients who met the criteria for anterior cervical discectomy and fusion for the treatment of single-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy and evaluated the patients' neurological recovery based on the recovery rate of the Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores at the time of the final follow-up visit. Patients were categorized into the "good" and "poor" groups based on the JOA recovery rates of ≥ 50% and < 50%, respectively. Clinical information (age, gender, body mass index, duration of symptoms, preoperative JOA score, and JOA score at the final follow-up) and imaging characteristics (cervical kyphosis, cervical instability, ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL), calcification of herniated intervertebral discs, increased signal intensity (ISI) of the spinal cord on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and degree of degeneration of the discs adjacent to the fused levels (cranial and caudal) were collected from the patients. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors for poor neurologic recovery. Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.56 ± 11.18 years, and the mean follow-up was 26.89 ± 11.14 months. Twenty patients (22.5%) had poor neurological recovery. Univariate analysis showed that significant predictors of poor neurological recovery were age (p = 0.019), concomitant OPLL (p = 0.019), concomitant calcification of herniated intervertebral discs (p = 0.019), ISI of the spinal cord on T2WI (p <0.05), a high grade of degeneration of the discs of the cranial neighboring levels (p <0.05), and a high grade of discs of the caudal neighboring levels (p <0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that ISI of the spinal cord on T2WI (p = 0.001 OR = 24.947) and high degree of degeneration of adjacent discs on the cranial side (p = 0.040 OR = 6.260) were independent risk factors for poor neurological prognosis. Conclusion: ISI of the spinal cord on T2WI and high degree of cranial adjacent disc degeneration are independent risk factors for poor neurological recovery after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion. A comprehensive analysis of the patients' preoperative imaging characteristics can help in the development of surgical protocols and the management of patients' surgical expectations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-grade adenosquamous carcinoma (LGASC) is a rare variant of metaplastic breast carcinoma that consists of glandular and squamous elements in a spindle cell background. They lack distinctive imaging features and overlap with other breast neoplasm characteristics, posing a diagnostic challenge. We present the case of a 60-year-old woman with metachronous bilateral invasive breast carcinoma (MBBC). The mastectomy specimens of her left breast carcinoma revealed nests of squamous- appearing cells and “comma” glandular structures on a microscopic level. Comprehensive immunohistochemical examination of ER, PR, Her-2, p63, and CK7 CK5/6 confirmed the diagnosis of LGASC. Unlike other invasive breast carcinomas, LGASC have an indolent course and favorable prognosis. Eight years after surgery, she was diagnosed with a non-specific type of invasive breast carcinoma of the right breast via imaging, core needle biopsy and immunohistochemistry. This was a rare case of MBBC that has not been previously reported. Therefore, we report and review the relevant literature to raise awareness of this disease.

Study Design. A retrospective cohort study. Objective. This study aimed to assess postoperative sclerotic modic changes (MCs) following transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion for lumbar degenerative disc disease, investigating their prevalence, risk factors, and association with clinical outcomes. Summary of Background Data. Sclerotic MCs may occur in patients with lumbar degenerative disc disease after lumbar interbody fusion. The incidence and characteristics of postoperative sclerotic MCs, as well as their clinical impact, are unknown. Materials and Methods. The study included 467 patients (510 levels) who underwent single or two-level transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion surgery, divided into a postoperative sclerotic MC group (60 patients, 66 levels) and a non-MC group (407 patients, 444 levels). The time of development and location of postoperative sclerotic MCs, fusion rate, cage subsidence, bilateral process decompression, and cross-link usage were recorded. Preoperative, postoperative, and follow-up visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index scores were collected. Multivariable logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with the development of postoperative sclerotic MCs. Results. The prevalence of postoperative sclerotic MCs was 12.8%. The postoperative sclerotic MC group had a higher body mass index (BMI). The postoperative sclerotic MC group demonstrated a fusion rate of 47%, significantly lower than that of the non-MC group (71%) at six months post-operation. At final follow up, the fusion rate in the postoperative sclerotic MC group was 62%, significantly lower than that of the non-MC group (86%). Postoperative visual analogue scale and Oswestry disability index scores were significantly higher in the group with postoperative sclerotic MCs. BMI and osteoporosis were significantly associated with the development of postoperative sclerotic MCs. Conclusion. Postoperative sclerotic MCs generally appear within the first year after surgery, with a prevalence of 12.8%. The presence of postoperative sclerotic MCs can adversely impact postoperative outcomes. To prevent postoperative sclerotic MCs, the authors postulate extending the immobilization period with external bracing and improving the management of BMI and osteoporosis in the perioperative time window. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a summary of three common false-bottom occurrences in echosounder imaging based on an analysis of echosounder data. Utilizing the imaging principle of the echosounder, a comprehensive analysis was conducted and an explanation of each situation's causes, imaging characteristics, impacts, and solutions is presented. Additionally, the article includes calculations to determine the precise location of the false bottom, which were subsequently validated through actual data collection. To address the two most impactful false-bottom scenarios in target detection, solutions are proposed from two perspectives. By accurately judging the position and imaging characteristics of these false bottoms, the article concludes with an analysis of the causes of false bottoms and presents corresponding solutions. The article aims to facilitate the rapid identification and elimination of false bottoms, thus mitigating their adverse effects on target detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Recent studies have identified that glioblastoma IDH-wildtype consists of different molecular subgroups with distinct prognoses. In order to accurately describe and classify gliomas, the Visually AcceSAble Rembrandt Images (VASARI) system was developed. The goal of this study was to evaluate the VASARI characteristics in molecular subgroups of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. Methods: A retrospective analysis of glioblastoma IDH- wildtype with comprehensive next-generation sequencing and pre-operative and post-operative MRI was performed. VASARI characteristics and 205 genes were evaluated. Multiple comparison adjustment by the Bejamin-Hochberg false discovery rate (BH-FDR) was performed. A 1:3 propensity score match (PSM) with a Caliper of 0.2 was done. Results: 178 patients with GBM IDH-WT met the inclusion criteria. 4q12 amplified patients (n = 20) were associated with cyst presence (30% vs. 12%, p = 0.042), decreased hemorrhage (35% vs. 62%, p = 0.028), and non-restricting/mixed (35%/60%) rather than restricting diffusion pattern (5%), meanwhile, 4q12 non-amplified patients had mostly restricting (47.4%) rather than a non-restricting/mixed diffusion pattern (28.4%/23.4%). This remained statistically significant after BH-FDR adjustment (p = 0.002). PSM by 4q12 amplification showed that diffusion characteristics continued to be significantly different. Among RB1-mutant patients, 96% had well-defined enhancing margins vs. 70.6% of RB1-WT (p = 0.018), however, this was not significant after BH-FDR or PSM. Conclusions: Patients with glioblastoma IDH-wildtype harboring 4q12 amplification rarely have restricting DWI patterns compared to their wildtype counterparts, in which this DWI pattern is present in ~ 50% of patients. This suggests that some phenotypic imaging characteristics can be identified among molecular subtypes of IDH-wildtype glioblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rotation of targets in high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images results in complex and nonlinear micro-Doppler modulation of SAR returns, exhibiting distinct and diverse imaging characteristics under different conditions. This poses challenges to image interpretation, target detection and recognition. This article establishes signal models for single and multiple scattering of rotating targets in high-resolution spaceborne SAR and, in conjunction with the processing procedures of range Doppler algorithm (RDA), derives the azimuth bandwidth and the conditions for azimuth frequency aliasing caused by rotation. Quantitative analysis of the errors introduced by target rotation in various signal domains is performed, taking into account the stationary phase point offset, the rotation-induced range migration correction error, and the change of azimuth phase in detail. In addition, representative signatures of these influences in SAR images are simulated and interpreted and more accurate theoretical models of imaging results are derived. The processing and analysis of both simulation and real measured data validate the correctness of the theoretical derivation in this study and provide support for the interpretation and information extraction of high-resolution SAR rotating targets.

Efficient monitoring of marine aquaculture zones (MAZs) is crucial for facilitating coastal resource management. To achieve this, we developed a specialized deep convolutional neural network tailored for extracting MAZs from synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery, integrating prior analytical knowledge of MAZ imaging features. A total of 47 Sentinel-1 dual-polarized (VV and VH) SAR images spanning 2016–2023 in China's Subei Sandbanks along the Yellow Sea coast were collected due to appropriate tidal level and acquired time. We first comprehensively analyzed of normalized radar cross section (NRCS) values for MAZs under varying tidal levels and aquaculture facility structures. Rising tide-induced submergence resulted in a significant mean NRCS reduction of 7.01 dB (VV) and 4.54 dB (VH), causing MAZ signals to resemble seawater. In addition, during low tide, volume scattering from the net screen on the aquaculture rafts increased VH-polarized image recognizability, with a smaller NRCS overlap (64%) between MAZs and tidal flats compared to VV-polarized images. Hence, VH-polarized images taken during low tide with intact aquaculture facilities were selected for dataset construction due to their reliability in characterizing MAZs. Building upon the classical U-Net framework, we introduced four modifications informed by our imaging characteristics analysis to enhance the model's performance. Testing experiments demonstrated an impressive F1-score of 94.77%, highlighting the effectiveness of incorporating prior knowledge into refining deep learning models. Applying the model to SAR images from 2016 to 2023 revealed concentrated MAZs in the relatively flat southeastern Subei Sandbanks, with a noticeable scale decline post-2021 resulting in a 67.65% reduction over the years.

To examine the risk factors associated with coronary heart disease (CHD) in young males and assess the distinctive features of coronary angiography (CAG). The clinical data of 266 young men who underwent CAG were collected and categorized into CHD group and control group based on the results of CAG. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for CHD in young men. Additionally, we selected 112 middle-aged and elderly men with CHD to form the middle-aged and elderly case group. We then compared the CAG characteristics and short-term prognosis with those of the CHD group. The CAG examination revealed a CHD detection rate of 42.11% (112/266) in young men, with 154 patients (57.89%) exhibiting no significant stenosis. Notably, the CHD group had higher rates of family history, hypertension and an elevated triglyceride glucose product (TyG) index (p < 0.05), along with a shorter duration of sleep compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis confirmed family history of CHD, hypertension, TyG index ≥8.83, and insufficient sleep duration as risk factors for CHD in young men. Additionally, the CHD group had a higher proportion of single-vessel coronary artery disease compared to the middle-aged and elderly case group (p < 0.05). Conversely, the middle-aged and elderly case group had a higher proportion of multi-vessel coronary artery disease, left circumflex artery involvement, and right coronary artery involvement (p < 0.05). The CHD group exhibited a lower overall incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events compared to the middle-aged and elderly case group (p < 0.05). The incidence of CHD in young men is closely associated with a family history of CHD and hypertension. High TyG index and insufficient sleep duration may also increase the risk of CHD.

Sanmei Zhuang,1,&ast; Xiaohong Yu,1,&ast; Yupeng Zhang,1,&ast; Xiaoyang Chen2,&ast; 1Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Jinjiang Municipal Hospital, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362200, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaoyang Chen, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou, Fujian, 362000, People’s Republic of China, Email 1073356693@qq.comBackground: EBV pneumonia with multiple cavitary pulmonary lesions is clinically rare. We analyzed the clinical characteristics, diagnosis and treatment, with an aim to enhance clinicians’ awareness of this disease and reduce misdiagnosis and missed diagnoses.Case Presentation: This paper presents A 59-year-old male patient’s initial symptoms included fever, cough, sputum, and asthma. The pulmonary CT imaging demonstrated multiple patchy and ground glass consolidation in both lungs, partial cavitary formation, and subpleural mesh lattice changes in the lower lobe of both lungs. Further analysis, including bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) and CT-guided percutaneous lung biopsy mNGS, supported the diagnosis of EBV pneumonia. The patient was treated with acyclovir antiviral therapy for a week, resulting in symptom relief. Follow-up lung CT scans indicated interval reduction of inflammatory lesions, cavities, and interstitial changes. As the patient’s condition improved significantly and he was discharged from hospital. The treatment was continued with oral acyclovir for 12 days. Subsequent outpatient follow-up CT performed 12 days after discharge revealed further improvement of the inflammatory lesions, as well as a reduction in cavitary and interstitial changes.Conclusion: The clinical imaging findings in the presented case were highly distinctive and have not been documented in either domestic or international literature. This uniqueness could have potentially contributed to misdiagnosis or overlooked diagnosis. mNGS of percutaneous lung puncture tissue is valuable for the diagnosis of infection with rare lung pathogens.Keywords: adult EBV pneumonia, metagenomic next-generation sequencing, imaging characteristics, diagnosis, treatment

Purpose: The purpose of this retrospective study was to analyze the imaging and pathological features, treatment, and prognosis of patients with primary intraventricular lymphomas (PIL) in order to enhance physicians' understanding of the diagnosis and treatment of PIL. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 13 cases of PIL that were hospitalized in our institution. Clinical and imaging data of the patients were collected and compared with the pathology data to summarize and analyze the qualitative diagnostic value of magnetic resonance (MR) features. Results: Among the enrolled patients, there were nine males and four females, with an average age of (56 ± 9.0) years. The major clinical features observed in PIL patients were headache and dizziness. All 13 patients underwent plain and contrast-enhanced MR scans, revealing multiple foci in 7 cases and single foci in 6 cases. The lesions were located in the lateral ventricle in 10 cases, the third ventricle in 4 cases, and the fourth ventricle in 4 cases. Plain MR scans demonstrated an isointense or slightly hypointense signal on T1-weighted imaging (T1WI) and an isointense or slightly hyperintense signal on T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Contrast-enhanced scans showed uniform and consistent enhancement of the tumors. Surgical treatment was performed in all patients, and postoperative pathology confirmed the presence of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Conclusions: PIL exhibits specific imaging and pathological features, with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma being the main pathological type. Pathological examination and immunophenotype analysis serve as the gold standards for PIL diagnosis.

Abstract Objective This study aimed to summarize and analyze the characteristics of pulmonary sequestration to improve our understanding of this disease. Methods Between January 2019 and April 2023, the clinical data of 13 patients with pulmonary sequestration underwent surgical treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University. Results The male‐to‐female ratio was 4:9, the age was 0.5 to 60 years, and the average age was 38 ± 19 years. There were 10 and 3 cases of intralobar and extralobar pulmonary sequestration, respectively. Chest enhanced computed tomography (CT) and three‐dimensional vascular reconstruction showed that the abnormal blood vessels were derived from the descending thoracic aorta in nine cases and from other blood vessels in four cases. Three patients underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy, two underwent thoracoscopic segmentectomy, and eight underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection. All the patients successfully completed the surgery and were discharged postoperatively. Conclusions Some patients with pulmonary sequestration exhibit no obvious symptoms. Patients with clinical symptoms are easily confused for pneumonia, bronchial cysts, lung abscesses, and lung tumors; therefore, patients with pulmonary sequestration are prone to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Currently, enhanced chest CT combined with three‐dimensional vascular reconstruction can accurately show the course, branches, and relationship with the mass of the feeding artery. Routine pathological examination is helpful to further clarify the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration. Minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery is the preferred treatment for patients with pulmonary sequestration. Surgical resection is safe and feasible, and satisfactory results are typically obtained.

Abstract Introduction The clinical symptoms of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia are still poorly understood. This study was designed to summarize the clinical features and outcome of eight C. psittaci pneumonia patients diagnosed by targeted next generation sequencing (tNGS). Methods We included eight C. psittaci pneumonia patients admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to July 2022. The tNGS was performed to the samples collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of each patient. Their clinical data were analysed, including baseline features, clinical symptoms, chest radiographic findings and laboratory examinations. Results The tNGS sequence number for C. psittaci was in a range of 10 to 1722. The radiographic characteristics were mainly featured by patchy consolidation shadows, ground‐glass density shadows, air bronchogram and slight pleural effusion. Within 1–3 days after hospitalization, most patients showed increased neutrophil ratio, C‐reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and decreased lymphocyte count, total protein, albumin and prealbumin. Some patients showed increased glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Three critically ill patients showed increased creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme and high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐TnT) levels. Conclusions A poultry or bird contact history, typical flu‐like symptoms, patchy consolidation, ground‐glass density shadow and air bronchogram may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of C. psittaci pneumonia. Increase in creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme and hs‐TnT may indicate a severe condition. Moxifloxacin and minocycline were effective in the management of C. psittaci pneumonia.

AIM: To observe the clinical features of acute macular neuroretinopathy(AMN)induced by Omicron.METHODS: A retrospective study. A total of 9 patients(18 eyes)diagnosed with AMN from December 2022 to January 2023 in the Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were included. Patients underwent spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA), fundus photography, autofluorescence(AF), infrared reflectance(IR), optical coherence tomography angiography(OCTA)and multicolor, etc. Furthermore, they were followed up for 1～3mo and observed the prognosis.RESULTS: The initial symptom of the Omicron-induced AMN was the sudden onset of central/paracentral scotoma in the eyes with or without impaired vision and metamorphopsia, and the scotoma could persist for at least 3mo. The image features of AMN are as follows. First, the SD-OCT examination showed the rupture of outer retinal layers, scattered hyperreflective lesions, and atrophy of outer retinal layers. In severe cases, hyperreflective lesions were seen in the inner nuclear layer(INL)or with microcystic cavities under the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE). Second, the OCTA examination demonstrated the decreased blood flow density of the deep capillary plexus(DCP)of the macula. Third, the IR examination showed the weak reflection of lesion areas. Fourth, the fundus photography demonstrated the localized brown wedge-shaped lesion.CONCLUSIONS: The Omicron-induced AMN is mostly found in young females, and the characteristic manifestation of fundus is damage to the outer retinal layers. The extent of fundus lesions is related to the systemic inflammatory response and ocular microcirculatory changes after infection. The multimodal fundus image examination and a history of Omicron infection are helpful to diagnose the Omicron-induced AMN.

Purpose: MRI has an important role in diagnosing pilocytic astrocytoma and post-surgical follow-up since the surgical approach has a leading role in its treatment. The purpose of our study is to provide an overview of the typical and atypical MRI findings in a series of pediatric patients with isolated—not NF1-related—pilocytic astrocytomas and to correlate specific MRI patterns with clinical variables. Methods: This is a cross-sectional retrospective study providing the analysis of several clinical and neuroradiological findings from a cohort of pediatric pilocytic astrocytoma, starting from the data collected in the Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (FINCB) internal Cancer Registry during an 11-year time period (January 2008–January 2019). Results: Fifty-six patients were included in the study. Median age at diagnosis was 9.4 years; a slight female prevalence was noticed (m/f ratio 44.6%/55.4%). The majority of pPAs had well-defined contours: 51 (91.1%), 47 (88.7%) were hypointense on T1-wi, all of them were hyperintense on T2-wi, 46 (90.2%) were hyperintense on FLAIR, and 48 (85.7%) were heterogeneous on T1-wi and T2-wi sequences. We found positive correlation between pPAs location and age (r = 0.017), and small degree of connection between pPAs location and gender (Cramer's V = 0.268). Conclusions: We presented typical and atypical pPAs MRI findings. Age and tumor location were positevely correlated, while degree of connection between gender and pPAs location was small. All of this may aid clinicians, most of all neuroradiologists, neurosurgeons, and neurologists in proper diagnoses and follow-up of these specific patient population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The clinical symptoms of Chlamydia psittaci pneumonia are still poorly understood. This study was designed to summarize the clinical features and outcome of eight C. psittaci pneumonia patients diagnosed by targeted next generation sequencing (tNGS). Methods: We included eight C. psittaci pneumonia patients admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to July 2022. The tNGS was performed to the samples collected from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of each patient. Their clinical data were analysed, including baseline features, clinical symptoms, chest radiographic findings and laboratory examinations. Results: The tNGS sequence number for C. psittaci was in a range of 10 to 1722. The radiographic characteristics were mainly featured by patchy consolidation shadows, ground‐glass density shadows, air bronchogram and slight pleural effusion. Within 1–3 days after hospitalization, most patients showed increased neutrophil ratio, C‐reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and decreased lymphocyte count, total protein, albumin and prealbumin. Some patients showed increased glutamic‐pyruvic transaminase, glutamic‐oxaloacetic transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase levels. Three critically ill patients showed increased creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme and high‐sensitivity troponin T (hs‐TnT) levels. Conclusions: A poultry or bird contact history, typical flu‐like symptoms, patchy consolidation, ground‐glass density shadow and air bronchogram may contribute to the diagnosis and treatment of C. psittaci pneumonia. Increase in creatine kinase, creatine kinase isoenzyme and hs‐TnT may indicate a severe condition. Moxifloxacin and minocycline were effective in the management of C. psittaci pneumonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to summarize and analyze the characteristics of pulmonary sequestration to improve our understanding of this disease. Methods: Between January 2019 and April 2023, the clinical data of 13 patients with pulmonary sequestration underwent surgical treatment at the First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University. Results: The male‐to‐female ratio was 4:9, the age was 0.5 to 60 years, and the average age was 38 ± 19 years. There were 10 and 3 cases of intralobar and extralobar pulmonary sequestration, respectively. Chest enhanced computed tomography (CT) and three‐dimensional vascular reconstruction showed that the abnormal blood vessels were derived from the descending thoracic aorta in nine cases and from other blood vessels in four cases. Three patients underwent thoracoscopic lobectomy, two underwent thoracoscopic segmentectomy, and eight underwent thoracoscopic wedge resection. All the patients successfully completed the surgery and were discharged postoperatively. Conclusions: Some patients with pulmonary sequestration exhibit no obvious symptoms. Patients with clinical symptoms are easily confused for pneumonia, bronchial cysts, lung abscesses, and lung tumors; therefore, patients with pulmonary sequestration are prone to missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis. Currently, enhanced chest CT combined with three‐dimensional vascular reconstruction can accurately show the course, branches, and relationship with the mass of the feeding artery. Routine pathological examination is helpful to further clarify the diagnosis of pulmonary sequestration. Minimally invasive thoracoscopic surgery is the preferred treatment for patients with pulmonary sequestration. Surgical resection is safe and feasible, and satisfactory results are typically obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Non‐calcified ductal carcinoma in situ (NCDCIS) presents as a heterogeneous entity on various imaging modalities, most frequently presenting symptomatically as a palpable lump. The combination of multiple modalities and knowledge of its potential radiological appearances are important in minimising misdiagnosis. Compared to conventional 2D mammography, both sonography and digital breast tomosynthesis show higher diagnostic accuracy in the detection of NCDCIS. Newer modalities of contrast‐enhanced digital mammography and MRI have limited data at present, but early results indicate greater sensitivity for the detection of lesions that may be occult on ultrasound or mammography. Here, we present an illustrative study highlighting the varied appearances of NCDCIS on several imaging modalities including a brief review of the literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a summary of three common false-bottom occurrences in echosounder imaging based on an analysis of echosounder data. Utilizing the imaging principle of the echosounder, a comprehensive analysis was conducted and an explanation of each situation’s causes, imaging characteristics, impacts, and solutions is presented. Additionally, the article includes calculations to determine the precise location of the false bottom, which were subsequently validated through actual data collection. To address the two most impactful false-bottom scenarios in target detection, solutions are proposed from two perspectives. By accurately judging the position and imaging characteristics of these false bottoms, the article concludes with an analysis of the causes of false bottoms and presents corresponding solutions. The article aims to facilitate the rapid identification and elimination of false bottoms, thus mitigating their adverse effects on target detection.

Multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor (MVNT) of the cerebrum is a rare and benign lesion which has been recently included in World Health Organization Classification of the central nervous system tumors. Another entity of lesions would present the same radiological characteristics; however, it would be in the posterior fossa, hence its name: infratentorial multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor. They are frequently characterized by the presence of cystic (or cyst-like) nodular lesions and may show cortical involvement. They mainly can be differentiated from other cystic entities, by their clustered and unchanging nature over time. We present the case of a 54-year-old patient who has consulted for epileptic seizures. Magnetic Resonance Imaging showed a multicystic-looking mass involving the vermis and the left cerebellar hemisphere that had no changes at follow-up in the last year suggestive of infratentorial multinodular and vacuolating neuronal tumor.

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Abstract Objective To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis, and discuss its guidance in diagnosing. Methods The clinical data of patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis in our hospital from January 2014 to May 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the immunocompromised group and the immunocompetent group. The symptomatic features, laboratory examination, imaging manifestations, and curative effect were analyzed. Results The most common symptoms of patients were cough and sputum production, followed by fever. The immunocompetent group has a significantly higher accident rate of cough and fever than the immunocompromised group, while the immunocompromised group has a significantly higher accident rate of headache and dizziness (P

AIM: To delineate the different imaging characteristics of uveal schwannoma from melanoma and discuss the optimal treatment strategy for intraocular schwannoma. METHODS: Case series of three patients diagnosed with intraocular schwannoma was collected at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Guangzhou, China from July 2014 to December 2020. All the study patients underwent ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The clinical features, therapeutic strategies, and prognoses of all patients were reviewed. RESULTS: Ultrasonography of all three patients (all females, mean age, 39y, age range, 23-54y) showed low to medium reflectivity with a homogeneous internal structure. MRI of all three patients demonstrated isointensity on T1-weighted imaging spin-echo (T1WI SE) images and hypointense on fast spin-echo T2-weighted images (FSE T2WI) images with respect to the brain. Minimally invasive pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and local resection of the tumor was performed for all patients, and the diagnosis of schwannoma was confirmed by histopathological examination. CONCLUSION: The present study indicates that ultrasonography and MRI features of uveal schwannoma may contribute to the differentiation of uveal schwannoma from melanoma, and the optimal therapy for intraocular schwannoma is minimally invasive PPV and local resection.

Copyright of Imaging Science & Photochemistry is the property of Imaging Science & Photochemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article was to summarize the clinical features and treatment course in patients with pulmonary cryptococcal infections with different imaging manifestations and to analyse the relevant factors. Categorical variables are described in this paper as percentages, and continuous variables are expressed as medians and quartiles or means and standard deviations. Factors associated with prolonged treatment of pulmonary cryptococcosis with different imaging manifestations were estimated via multivariable analyses with the Cox proportional hazards model. A total of 238 patients were analysed. A significant proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus constituted 18% to 25% of patients with multiple nodules and diffuse infiltrates (p = 0.026). The serum antigen level was markedly elevated in patients with diffuse infiltrates and consolidation (p < 0.001). A significant proportion of patients who presented with solitary nodules were initially diagnosed through thoracic surgery conducted to remove the lesion (p < 0.001). The treatment duration for patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis presenting as single or multiple nodules on imaging was shorter than the traditionally considered 6 months (p < 0.001). Imaging revealed that pulmonary cryptococcosis most commonly involved the right lower lung. Serum antigen assays, the number of infectious lobes, the presence of extrapulmonary lesions and the presence of lesions in the lower right lobe were suggested to be predictive indicators for a longer treatment duration. There was no significant difference in the percentage of patients who used amphotericin B or amphotericin B liposomes among patients with the four different types of imaging presentations.

Background and purpose: Dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumor (DNT) is a rare and benign mixed neuronal-glial tumor. This paper was to study the clinicopathological features and the key points of differential diagnosis of DNT. Methods: The data of 6 cases with DNT diagnosed by pathological examination in The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and Suzhou Municipal Hospital from March 2009 to January 2021 were collected, the clinicopathological features, imaging characteristics and immunohistochemical phenotype were retrospectively analyzed, and the patients were followed up. Results: The main symptoms of the patients were limb convulsions and epilepsy. Four tumors were located in temporal lobe, 1 in parietal lobe, and 1 in frontal lobe. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), tumors mainly showed cystic lesions with septum and “triangle sign”, T1-hypointensity and T2-hyperintensity. Peripheral edema was inconspicuous. The histopathological hallmarks were so called specific glioneuronal element with myxoid matrix, floating neurons or proliferative astrocytes scattering among oligodendrocyte-like cells, which distributed in bundles, nests, microcysts with focal calcification. Immunohistochemistry showed that scattered neurons expressed Syn, NeuN and MAP2, oligodendrocyte-like cells expressed Olig-2 and S-100, and GFAP was expressed in proliferative astrocytes. The expression of P53 was wild-type. The index of Ki-67 was less than or equal to 2%. All patients received surgical treatment without radiotherapy or chemotherapy. Five patients were followed up, and one of them had recurrent epilepsy 3 years after operation. Conclusion: DNT can be cured by surgery, and it can be diagnosed by combination of clinical features, imaging examination and pathology without the need for radiation and chemotherapy.

This case report describes a 35‐year‐old female patient who presented with palpitations and shortness of breath. Imaging findings suggested a cardiac tumor, histopathology confirmed primary cardiac angiosarcoma. This tumor is highly aggressive, usually occurs in the right atrium, lacks specificity in clinical presentation, is prone to early metastasis, and has a poor prognosis. Echocardiography is the method of choice for early detection and is important in assessing tumor size, location, mode of attachment and whether cardiac function is impaired. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) imaging characteristics of granulomatous lobular mastitis (GLM) and the value of differentiating GLM from breast cancer. Materials and methods: The study included 30 women with GLM (mean age 36.7 ± 5 years [SD]) and 58 women with breast cancer (mean age 48. ± 8 years [SD]) who were scheduled for ultrasound-guided tissue biopsy. All patients were evaluated with conventional US and CEUS prior to the biopsy. In both groups, the parameters of the quantitative and qualitative analysis of the CEUS were recorded and compared. The receiver-operating-characteristics curves (ROC) were created. Sensitivity, specificity, cutoff, and area under the curve (AUC) values were calculated. Results: TTP values in GLM were statistically higher than in breast cancer (mean, 27.63 ± 7.29 vs. 20.10 ± 6.11), but WIS values were lower (mean, 0.16 ± 0.05 vs. 0.28 ± 0.17). Rich vascularity was discovered in 54.45% of breast cancer patients, but only 30.00% of GLM patients had rich vascularity. The AUC for the ROC test was 0.791 and 0.807, respectively. The optimal cut-off value for TTP was 24.5s, and the WIS cut-off value was 0.185dB/s, yielding 73.33% sensitivity, 84.48% specificity, and 86.21% sensitivity, 70% specificity respectively in the diagnosis of GLM. The lesion scores reduced from 4 to 3 with the addition of CEUS for the patients with GLM. However, the scores did not change for the patients with breast cancer. Conclusion: CEUS could help distinguish GLM from breast cancer by detecting higher TTP and WIS values, potentially influencing clinical decision-making for additional biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of pulmonary cryptococcosis, and discuss its guidance in diagnosing.Methods: The clinical data of patients diagnosed with cryptococcosis in our hospital from January 2014 to May 2020 were collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the immunocompromised group and the immunocompetent group. The symptomatic features, laboratory examination, imaging manifestations, and curative effect were analyzed.Results: The most common symptoms of patients were cough and sputum production, followed by fever. The immunocompetent group has a significantly higher accident rate of cough and fever than the immunocompromised group, while the immunocompromised group has a significantly higher accident rate of headache and dizziness (P < 0.05). The positive rate of serum cryptococcal capsular antigen (CrAg) test of the two groups were 83.33% and 86.96%, respectively. While the positive rate of CrAg test in cerebrospinal fluid of the immunocompromised group was significantly higher than that of the immunocompetent group (P < 0.05). The lesions of pulmonary cryptococcosis were predominantly present in the lower part of the lung periphery and significantly distributed in the right lung (P < 0.05). The most common imaging finding of pulmonary cryptococcosis was halo sign (64.58%), followed by multiple nodules, and trachea sign was significantly more common in the immunocompetent group.Conclusions: Cryptococcosis has an insidious onset, which can infect healthy people as well. Conducting a CrAg test is good for screening and diagnosing cryptococcosis. We should be alert for the high risk of cryptococcal meningoencephalitis in patients with compromised immune function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we reported a panel of rare diseases involving bilateral lower extremities with similar imaging patterns on 99 m Tc-MDP bone scans. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6PD deficiency), Gaucher disease (GD), steroid-induced osteonecrosis, progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (PDD), Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) and Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) were included and imaging characteristics were analyzed. The rare properties of these diseases and mimicking features on 99 m Tc-MDP bone scans rendered differential diagnosis difficult but necessary. We believe that the rarely known imaging features of the reported diseases will undoubtedly help nuclear medicine physicians make differential diagnoses in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Meningiomas are common neoplasms of the central nervous system, comprising between 24 and 30% of primary intracranial tumors, most commonly affecting females in their middle age or later adult life [1] [2]. Meningiomas are classified as benign, atypical or anaplastic meningiomas depending mostly on histopathological criteria known to be associated with worse prognosis in terms of tumor progression, recurrence risk after surgery and overall survival. The 2016 edition of World Health Organization (WHO) classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors recognizes brain invasion as an independent criterion for diagnosing an atypical grade II meningioma [3]. Meningioma grading based on the WHO classification of CNS tumors thoroughly impacts therapeutic management and tumor prognosis. Aggressive meningiomas, a different phenotype of tumors, characterized by rapid growth and involvement of adjacent brain tissue, blood vessels and bone, was not previously listed as an independent entity in the WHO classification of meningothelial-cell tumors. Regarding the increasing importance of tumor grading in meningioma treatment strategies, the authors here provide an overview of clinicopathological and radiographic features, surgical management and long-term prognosis of this novel meningothelial tumor entity, the aggressive meningioma. In particular, we aimed to describe pre-, intra- and postoperative methods for recognizing aggressive meningiomas and explore the implications of this diagnosis on both surgical strategies and adjuvant therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Meningiomas are tumors of the meninges that arise primarily from arachnoidal cap cells, but they can also occur rarely as primary tumors in other localizations, such as within the ventricles. They stand for 24-30% of primary intracranial tumors and affect mostly women in their middle age or later adult life [1, 2]. Meningiomas can be classified, according to World Health Organization (WHO) classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors, as benign (grade I, most frequently encountered type), atypical (grade II) or anaplastic (grade III), based mostly on histopathological criteria known to be associated with tumor progression, recurrence risk and survival. Since meningioma grading based on the WHO classification is the most important factor determining therapeutic management and tumor prognosis, there has been an increasing interest in adding new criteria for better characterization of these tumors. Thus, the 2016 edition of WHO classification recognized brain invasion as an independent criterion for atypical (grade II) meningioma diagnosis [3]. However, meningiomas that display aggressive features such as rapid growth and higher recurrence rate, can also involve blood vessels and bone. Hence, the authors aim to describe a different entity, aggressive meningiomas, not previously listed as a tumor phenotype in the WHO classification of meningothelial-cell tumors, with regard to pre-, intraand postoperative methods for diagnosis and explore the implications on surgical strategies and adjuvant therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a single-center retrospective study. We reviewed the files of all patients diagnosed with primary intracranial meningioma at the 4th Clinical Department of Neurosurgery, Bagdasar-Arseni Clinical Emergency Hospital, between January 2013 and December 2018 and identified the cases of aggressive meningiomas, characterized by either: invasion into the brain parenchyma, involvement of the major blood vessels, cranial vault bone lysis without involvement of the outer table of the skull or complete bone destruction and aesthetic deformity, as showed by preoperative imaging and confirmed by histopathological examination. RESULTS We identified 291 patients with tumors meeting the required imagistic/histopathological criteria, from which we selected 2 representative cases for the current articles, aiming to better describe this tumor entity regarding pre-, intra- and postoperative aspect and therapeutic strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large field circular scanning system obtains remote sensing images by rotating scanning, which is one of the technical ways to effectively expand the field of view of geostationary orbit optical remote sensing imaging system. However, due to its special rotation scanning imaging mechanism, the on-orbit imaging process of this system is affected by the coupling of detector rotation sampling, satellite platform vibration, optical system aberration and other factors, so the image degradation characteristics are very complex. In this paper, the on-orbit imaging characteristics of large field circular scanning system are first analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the subsequent research of image restoration method. Secondly, aiming at the problems of annular geometric distortion and spatial blur of the system image, the image restoration method is proposed based on ring block and regularization methodology. Experimental results show that under the condition of detector rotation speed ω

Meningiomas are common neoplasms of the central nervous system, comprising between 24 and 30% of primary intracranial tumours, most commonly affecting females in their middle age or later adult life [1] [2]. Meningiomas are classified as benign, atypical or anaplastic meningiomas depending mostly on histopathological criteria known to be associated with worse prognosis in terms of tumour progression, recurrence risk after surgery and overall survival. The 2016 edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours recognizes brain invasion as an independent criterion for diagnosing an atypical grade II meningioma [3]. Meningioma grading based on the WHO classification of CNS tumours thoroughly impacts therapeutic management and tumour prognosis. Aggressive meningiomas, a different phenotype of tumours, characterized by rapid growth and involvement of adjacent brain tissue, blood vessels and bone, was not previously listed as an independent entity in the WHO classification of meningothelial-cell tumours. Regarding the increasing importance of tumour grading in meningioma treatment strategies, the authors here provide an overview of clinicopathological and radiographic features, surgical management and long-term prognosis of this novel meningothelial tumour entity, the aggressive meningioma. In particular, we aimed to describe pre-, intra- and postoperative methods for recognizing aggressive meningiomas and explore the implications of this diagnosis on both surgical strategies and adjuvant therapy.

Meningiomas are tumours of the meninges that arise primarily from arachnoidal cap cells, but they can also occur rarely as primary tumours in other localizations, such as within the ventricles. They stand for 24-30% of primary intracranial tumours and affect mostly women in their middle age or later adult life [1, 2]. Meningiomas can be classified, according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of Central Nervous System (CNS) tumours, as benign (grade I, most frequently encountered type), atypical (grade II) or anaplastic (grade III), based mostly on histopathological criteria known to be associated with tumour progression, recurrence risk and survival. Since meningioma grading based on the WHO classification is the most important factor determining therapeutic management and tumour prognosis, there has been an increasing interest in adding new criteria for better characterization of these tumours. Thus, the 2016 edition of the WHO classification recognized brain invasion as an independent criterion for atypical (grade II) meningioma diagnosis [3]. However, meningiomas that display aggressive features such as rapid growth and higher recurrence rate, can also involve blood vessels and bone. Hence, the authors aim to describe a different entity, aggressive meningiomas, not previously listed as a tumour phenotype in the WHO classification of meningothelial-cell tumours, with regard to pre-, intra- and postoperative methods for diagnosis and explore the implications on surgical strategies and adjuvant therapy.

Background: Pulmonary invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) is a rare subtype of lung cancer which is easily misdiagnosed as inflammatory nodules, tuberculosis, pulmonary diffuse lesions, or hamartomas due to the lack of clinical specificity. This study aims to identify the pathological and imaging characteristics of IMA, which will favor to improve the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy., Methods: A retrospective study was conducted by enrolling patients histopathologically diagnosed with pulmonary IMA in the current study between January 2014 and December 2021. The clinical pathological and radiological data were collected for analysis to evaluate the radiological patterns and pathological and molecular characteristics of IMA., Results: A total of 136 patients were included in the study, of whom 58 were male and 78 were female. The patients had an average age of 63.0±9.7 years. The tumors were classified into the following three pathological types: pure mucinous (76 cases) featured by only mucinous cells observed under the microscope; mixed mucinous (23 cases) featured as an attached-wall, papillary, acinar, and solid tumor cells with more than 10% mucinous cells.; and mucinous-absent (29 cases) featured with the absence of mucous cells, but still can detect more than 10% of mucin expresses. In terms of the morphological classification based on the CT scans, 88 (64.7%) cases were identified as the nodular type, 31 (22.8%) as the inflammatory type, 15 (11.1%) as the mass-like type, and two (1.5%) as the diffuse type. For the molecular features, patients afflicted with IMA showed much lower levels of thyroid transcription factor-1 (15%) than those with usual adenocarcinoma (over 80%). However, cytokeratin 20 was more common in IMA (50%) than the usual adenocarcinoma (about 5%). The K-RAS mutation was prevalent in 75% of IMA, which contrasted sharply to its occurrence in a mere 15% of the usual adenocarcinoma. Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations were rarer in IMA (less than 5%) than the usual adenocarcinoma (about 50%)., Conclusions: The pathological and imaging features enrich our understanding of the disease's heterogeneity, which will contribute to more personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tlcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tlcr-24-526/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Lung Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Background/purpose: Overt hepatic encephalopathy (HE) risk should be preoperatively predicted to identify patients suitable for curative transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) instead of palliative treatments. Methods: A total of 185 patients who underwent TIPS procedure were randomised (130 in the training dataset and 55 in the validation dataset). Clinical factors and imaging characteristics were assessed. Three different models were established by logistic regression analyses based on clinical factors (ModelC), imaging characteristics (ModelI), and a combination of both (ModelCI). Their discrimination, calibration, and decision curves were compared, to identify the best model. Subgroup analysis was performed for the best model. Results: ModelCI, which contained two clinical factors and two imaging characteristics, was identified as the best model. The areas under the curve of ModelC, ModelI, and ModelCI were 0.870, 0.963, and 0.978 for the training dataset and 0.831, 0.971, and 0.969 for the validation dataset. The combined model outperformed the clinical and imaging models in terms of calibration and decision curves. The performance of ModelCI was not influenced by total bilirubin, Child–Pugh stages, model of end-stage liver disease score, or ammonia. The subgroup with a risk score ≥ 0.88 exhibited a higher proportion of overt HE (training dataset: 13.3% vs. 97.4%, p < 0.001; validation dataset: 0.0% vs. 87.5%, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Our combination model can successfully predict the risk of overt HE post-TIPS. For the low-risk subgroup, TIPS can be performed safely; however, for the high-risk subgroup, it should be considered more carefully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Biphenotypic sinonasal sarcoma (BSS) is a new, rare tumor characterized by concomitant neural and myogenic differentiation. The aim of this study is to describe the imaging characteristics and clinical outcomes of this neoplasm. Methods A retrospective review of BSS patients surgically treated within a tertiary academic health care system was performed. Imaging characteristics and clinical outcomes were reviewed. Results Five patients underwent surgical resection of BSS tumors. Negative surgical margins were achieved in four (80%) patients. There were no deaths but two (40%) patients developed local recurrences during the postoperative follow‐up period (median follow‐up 31.4 months). Review of imaging characteristics revealed a median tumor size of 3.8 cm in greatest dimension. All tumors were unilateral and centered within the nasoethmoidal region. In all cases, the tumors extended to the nasal septum, lamina papyracea, and anterior skull base with variable degrees of erosion through these structures. On CT, involved bony structures demonstrated mixed lytic and sclerotic pattern, with definitive hyperostotic bone identified in four (80%) cases. On MRI, tumors were isointense‐to‐mixed iso/hypointense on both T1‐ and T2‐weighted sequences with one tumor demonstrating mixed T2 hyperintensity. All cases demonstrated gadolinium contrast enhancement. Conclusions BSS is a locally aggressive tumor with a low risk of regional or distant metastases but has a significant rate of recurrence even with adequate resection. Despite its rarity, BSS should be considered in the differential diagnosis when imaging demonstrates a unilateral nasoethmoidal mass that is predominantly isointense to cerebral gray matter on T2‐weighted MRI and is hyperostotic on CT. Level of Evidence 4

Background: A BAVM that is mainly supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) lies deeply in the middle of the bilateral posterior hemispheres. Few studies have investigated the imaging characteristics and endovascular treatment (EVT) of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) in this area.Methods: A retrospective study was performed for patients who were diagnosed with PCA-BAVMs from January 2015 to December 2019. The PCA-BAVMs were divided into type I and type II according to their feeding arteries. Type I PCA-BAVMs were supplied by the posterior choroidal artery (PchA) from the PCA. They could be further subdivided into type Ia and type Ib. Type II PCA-BAVMs were supplied by the temporal or occipital branch from the PCA. They could also be further subdivided into type IIa and IIb. Targeted embolization of the risk factors was the main aim of EVT.Results: Forty-two patients were identified, with age ranging from 6 to 63 years. Twenty-four cases belonged to type I (57.1%, 24/42), including 6 Ia cases and 18 Ib cases. Eighteen cases belonged to type II (42.9%, 18/42), including 7 IIa cases and 11 IIb cases. Immediate complete or nearly complete embolization was achieved in 17 (40.5%, 17/42) cases. Partial embolization was achieved in 25 (59.5%, 25/42) cases. Two (4.8%, 2/42) patients experienced intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. The GOS scores at discharge were 3, 4, and 5 in 2 (4.8%, 2/42), 2 (4.8%, 2/42), and 38 (90.4%, 38/42) cases, respectively. There was no statistical difference between patients in type I and type II groups regarding age, BAVM rupture, SM grade, immediate extent of obliteration, and prognosis. Deep venous drainage was more common in patients of the type I group (P < 0.001).Conclusions: Our classification of the PCA-BAVMs was based on the segmentation of the PCA, which is a reasonable approach and could guide the strategy of EVT. EVT is a reasonable option for the PCA-BAVMs. The main aim of EVT is to secure the weak structures. A targeted EVT aimed at the ruptured part of the BAVM can reduce the risk of early rebleeding.

Here, we reported a panel of rare diseases involving bilateral lower extremities with similar imaging patterns on 99mTc-MDP bone scans. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G-6PD deficiency), Gaucher disease (GD), steroid-induced osteonecrosis, progressive diaphyseal dysplasia (PDD), Erdheim–Chester disease (ECD) and Langerhans cell sarcoma (LCS) were included and imaging characteristics were analyzed. The rare properties of these diseases and mimicking features on 99mTc-MDP bone scans rendered differential diagnosis difficult but necessary. We believe that the rarely known imaging features of the reported diseases will undoubtedly help nuclear medicine physicians make differential diagnoses in clinical practice.

Background: A BAVM that is mainly supplied by the posterior cerebral artery (PCA) lies deeply in the middle of the bilateral posterior hemispheres. Few studies have investigated the imaging characteristics and endovascular treatment (EVT) of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) in this area. Methods: A retrospective study was performed for patients who were diagnosed with PCA-BAVMs from January 2015 to December 2019. The PCA-BAVMs were divided into type I and type II according to their feeding arteries. Type I PCA-BAVMs were supplied by the posterior choroidal artery (PchA) from the PCA. They could be further subdivided into type Ia and type Ib. Type II PCA-BAVMs were supplied by the temporal or occipital branch from the PCA. They could also be further subdivided into type IIa and IIb. Targeted embolization of the risk factors was the main aim of EVT. Results: Forty-two patients were identified, with age ranging from 6 to 63 years. Twenty-four cases belonged to type I (57.1%, 24/42), including 6 Ia cases and 18 Ib cases. Eighteen cases belonged to type II (42.9%, 18/42), including 7 IIa cases and 11 IIb cases. Immediate complete or nearly complete embolization was achieved in 17 (40.5%, 17/42) cases. Partial embolization was achieved in 25 (59.5%, 25/42) cases. Two (4.8%, 2/42) patients experienced intraoperative or postoperative bleeding. The GOS scores at discharge were 3, 4, and 5 in 2 (4.8%, 2/42), 2 (4.8%, 2/42), and 38 (90.4%, 38/42) cases, respectively. There was no statistical difference between patients in type I and type II groups regarding age, BAVM rupture, SM grade, immediate extent of obliteration, and prognosis. Deep venous drainage was more common in patients of the type I group (P < 0.001). Conclusions: Our classification of the PCA-BAVMs was based on the segmentation of the PCA, which is a reasonable approach and could guide the strategy of EVT. EVT is a reasonable option for the PCA-BAVMs. The main aim of EVT is to secure the weak structures. A targeted EVT aimed at the ruptured part of the BAVM can reduce the risk of early rebleeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]