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The current investigation emphasizes the characterization of polyphenolic compounds, antioxidant potential, and mapping of biomarkers in propolis samples acquired from India. LC-ESI-QTOF-MS discovered 67 phytocompounds, including 39 flavonoids, 20 phenolic acids and their derivatives, along with carotenoids and phytosterols in northern Indian propolis. Compounds like: proanthocyanidins, iso-flavonoids, carotenoids, and phytosterols were only detected in particular region samples, recognized as biomarker compounds of specific locations. The spectrophotometric analysis quantified a higher concentration of total flavonoids (TFC) than total phenolic content (TPC) in propolis samples ranging from 228.76 and 214.62 mg QU/g and 137.02–122.13 mg GAE/g, respectively. In addition, antioxidant potential was confirmed highest in Himachal Pradesh propolis (HPP). Total antioxidant capacity (64.91 ± 0.27 mg Vit C/g), DPPH radical scavenging activity (94.76 ± 0.88 %), and FRAP (2.25 ± 0.05 mmol Fe2+/g) but lowest in Rajasthan propolis (RP). Further, HPLC estimated the highest concentration of beta-carotene (217.44 ± 0.58 mg/g) and galangin (184.63 ± 0.75 mg/g) in RP, whereas caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE, 174.65 ± 0.84 mg/g) was highest in HPP samples. Moreover, the antioxidant potency of extracts was efficiently forecasted with TPC, TFC, CAPE, galangin, and beta-carotene concentration using the artificial neural network. Furthermore, principal component analysis recognized three principal components, revealed 98.1% of the variation and well established the dissimilarities in Indian propolis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds play a key role in wound healing cycle modulation. Propolis, a natural bee product, has been widely reported as an enriched source of polyphenols and flavonoids as important chemical constituents and for its wound healing potential. The goal of this study was to develop and characterize a propolis-based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel composition with wound healing potential. To understand the impacts of critical material attributes and process parameters, formulation development was carried out using a design of experiment approach. A preliminary phytochemical analysis of Indian propolis extract showed the presence of flavonoids (23.61 ± 0.0452 mg equivalent of quercetin/g) and polyphenols (34.82 ± 0.0785 mg equivalent of gallic acid/g), both of which aid in wound healing and skin tissue regeneration. The pH, viscosity, and in vitro release of the hydrogel formulation were also studied. The burn wound healing model results revealed significant (p < 0.0001) wound contraction by propolis hydrogel (93.58 + 0.15%) with rapid re-epithelialization relative to 5% w/w povidone iodine ointment USP (Cipladine®) (95.39 + 0.16%). The excision wound healing model confirms significant (p < 0.0001) wound contraction by propolis hydrogel (91.45 + 0.29%) with accelerated re-epithelialization comparable to 5% w/w povidone iodine ointment USP (Cipladine®) (94.38 + 0.21%). The developed formulation offers promise for wound healing, which may be investigated further for clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The propolis is a natural resinous product of bee hive and its composition majorly depends on the flora and geographical region. This study evaluated the propolis extracts collected from two different phytogeographical regions of India: Jammu & Kashmir (JKP) and Rajasthan (RP) obtained through maceration, ultrasound‐assisted extraction (UAE) and microwave‐assisted extraction (MAE). Phytochemical composition and antibacterial effect of bee propolis against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria by the minimum inhibitory concentration assay were performed. The best results were obtained for JKP propolis and UAE was more efficient provided the highest extraction yield (46.76–62.44 g), phenols (137.17–355.58 GAE per g propolis), flavonoids (20.66–60.23 Q per g propolis) and antioxidant activity (76.04–64.24%) for both samples. The JKP and RP samples exhibited maximum inhibitory effect on gram – positive bacteria S. aureus with MIC value of 5 mg mL−1 compared to gram – negative bacteria E. coli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Flavonoids and polyphenolic compounds play a key role in wound healing cycle modulation. Propolis, a natural bee product, has been widely reported as an enriched source of polyphenols and flavonoids as important chemical constituents and for its wound healing potential. The goal of this study was to develop and characterize a propolis-based polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogel composition with wound healing potential. To understand the impacts of critical material attributes and process parameters, formulation development was carried out using a design of experiment approach. A preliminary phytochemical analysis of Indian propolis extract showed the presence of flavonoids (23.61 ± 0.0452 mg equivalent of quercetin/g) and polyphenols (34.82 ± 0.0785 mg equivalent of gallic acid/g), both of which aid in wound healing and skin tissue regeneration. The pH, viscosity, and in vitro release of the hydrogel formulation were also studied. The burn wound healing model results revealed significant (p < 0.0001) wound contraction by propolis hydrogel (93.58 + 0.15%) with rapid re-epithelialization relative to 5% w/w povidone iodine ointment USP (Cipladine®) (95.39 + 0.16%). The excision wound healing model confirms significant (p < 0.0001) wound contraction by propolis hydrogel (91.45 + 0.29%) with accelerated re-epithelialization comparable to 5% w/w povidone iodine ointment USP (Cipladine®) (94.38 + 0.21%). The developed formulation offers promise for wound healing, which may be investigated further for clinical research.

Aim: The present trend in health care is toward the use of natural products for curing diseases. "Propolis" or bees wax is a natural, nontoxic resinous material collected by bees from exudates and buds of the plant. It has many beneficial biological and pharmacological properties such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antifungal, antiviral, and anticancer activities. Propolis is widely applied in dentistry as an anticariogenic agent, hypersensitivity reducing agent, and endodontic disinfection to name a few. The diverse phytochemical constituents of propolis are responsible for its valuable properties. Considering its vast potential, propolis has gained the attention of many researchers. The aim of this study is to offer a comprehensive evidence which will enable the readers and researchers to appreciate the prospects of the application of Indian propolis in present-day dentistry. Material and Methods: In vitro and in vivo studies on Indian propolis and its application in dentistry searches were performed in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane library databases up to December 2020. Results: The search identified 31 records; 12 full-text articles which met the eligibility criteria were assessed. Based on the results of in vitro studies, further in vivo studies need to be carried out to prove the feasibility of Indian propolis as an anticariogenic agent, a desensitizing agent, and an intracanal irrigant/medicament in the field of dentistry. Conclusion: Indian propolis has shown an immense amount of potentiality which demands for more clinical research to have sufficient evidence-based literature for future usage in oral health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of excellent curative therapy for most of the malignancies has resulted in a growing population of cancer survivors who are at increased risk for a variety of health problems including infertility. Therefore, fertility preservation has become an important issue during cancer treatment in recent years. Combination therapy with natural agents such as vitamins, antioxidants, dietary supplements, and plant products are considered as an attractive option to mitigate normal tissue toxicity imparted by chemotherapy. The aim of the present study was to explore the beneficial effect of hydroethanolic extract of Indian propolis (HEIP) on mitigating mitomycin C (MMC)-induced testicular damage and its mechanism of action. Healthy adult male mice were injected intraperitoneally with saline, MMC, HEIP and HEIP followed by MMC after 1 h. The animals were dissected at 35 days after various treatments to analyze testicular function. MMC administration resulted in significant reduction in testicular function in a dose-dependent manner at 35 days after treatment which significantly improved by HEIP pre-treatment. At 24 h after treatment, MMC induced significant increase in oxidative stress, γ-H2AX foci and expression of RAD51 and KU80 in testicular cells. Prior treatment with HEIP decreased the oxidative stress, reduced DNA damage and restored the testicular testosterone and inhibin B level. In conclusion, co-administration of Indian propolis extract may play a promising beneficial role in fertility preservation of males undergoing chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed at the investigation of neuroprotective activity of macerated ethanolic extract of Indian propolis (MEEP) against β-Amyloid 25–35 (Aβ 25-35 ) induced memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease. MEEP was administrated orally to Wistar rats at doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg. Behavioral performances were evaluated using morris water maze and radial arm maze. At the end of behavioral study, the brains were removed and antioxidant parameters and brain monoamines were estimated. Further acetylcholinesterase (AchE) inhibition and brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF) were evaluated. In addition hematological parameters and histopathological tests were also carried out. In behavioral models, MEEP significantly (P < 0.05) reversed the cognitive impairment of β amyloid-induced rats. The antioxidant potential was significantly increased (P < 0.05) after administration of MEEP. Malondialdehyde levels were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased in brain homogenate after treatment with MEEP extract as compared with diseased control group (group III). MEEP showed dose-dependent AChE inhibition and increased the levels of brain monoamines (P < 0.05) as compared with group III. MEEP improved memory deficits by increasing BDNF in plasma (P < 0.05). The study concludes that MEEP has anti-Alzheimer potential in rats through multiple mechanisms and further studies are ongoing for fractionation and biological screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A randomized, double blind, split mouth, controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of two desensitizing agents on reduction of Dentin Hypersensitivity (DH). Material and Methodology: A sample of 73 teeth from 13 patients, among which at least 3 teeth had dentin hypersensitivity, was randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups: Group A: treated with 30% ethenolic extract of Indian Propolis, Group B: treated with GC tooth mousse, and Group C: treated with sterile water. A Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) was used to record the degree of hypersensitivity, based on patient’s response to tactile and air blast stimuli. The baseline scores were obtained. Each intervention group received applications of their respective agents consecutively on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days. After each application, the scores were recorded. Results: Both the 30% Indian Propolis and GC tooth mousse showed significant reductions in dentin hypersensitivity. Conclusion: GC tooth mousse was found to be significantly better in reducing the dentinal hypersensitivity as compared to Propolis and sterile water (p< 0.01).

Objective: A randomized, double blind, split mouth, controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of two desensitizing agents on reduction of Dentin Hypersensitivity (DH). Material and Methodology: A sample of 73 teeth from 13 patients, among which at least 3 teeth had dentin hypersensitivity, was randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups: Group A: treated with 30% ethenolic extract of Indian Propolis, Group B: treated with GC tooth mousse, and Group C: treated with sterile water. A Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) was used to record the degree of hypersensitivity, based on patient's response to tactile and air blast stimuli. The baseline scores were obtained. Each intervention group received applications of their respective agents consecutively on 1st, 7th, 14th and 21st days. After each application, the scores were recorded. Results: Both the 30% Indian Propolis and GC tooth mousse showed significant reductions in dentin hypersensitivity. Conclusion: GC tooth mousse was found to be significantly better in reducing the dentinal hypersensitivity as compared to Propolis and sterile water (p< 0.01). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: In traditional medicine propolis is widely used for the treatment of various ailments including ulcer and wound healing. The phytochemical screening of Indian propolis indicates the presence of biologically active ingredients in appreciable amounts. In the absence of systematic evaluation of wound healing properties of Indian propolis in the literature, the present study was undertaken. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the wound healing potential of Indian propolis on excision wounds induced in experimental rats. Materials and methods: Excision wounds were created in male Wistar rats and were treated with Indian propolis ointment (nitrofurazone was used as a reference drug - widely used for wound healing) for a period of 14 days. Control rats were treated with petroleum jelly. The parameters analyzed include wound contraction, hydroxyproline, hexosamine, uronic acid, total protein, DNA, and RNA. Results: Topical application of propolis ointment for 14 days significantly improved the wound contraction when compared to the control group of rats. The determination of hydroxyproline, hexosamine, uronic acid, DNA, RNA and protein levels in the wound matrix revealed the pro-healing effects of propolis. The results obtained were comparable with nitrofurazone. Discussion and conclusion: It appears that the ethanol extract of Indian propolis possesses significant pro-healing activity by accelerating the healing process at various phases of tissue repair. The presence of biologically active ingredients such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenes, benzoic acids, amino acids and vitamins, etc. in Indian propolis may readily account for the observed prophylactic action of propolis in wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report for the first time the antioxidant activity of the aqueous and ethanol extracts of Indian propolis (AEP and EEP, respectively). The antioxidant activity was measured by chemical and electrochemical assays. Reducing power and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity were the chemical assays, whereas, cyclic voltammetry was used as the electrochemical assay. In all these assays, AEP showed significantly greater activity over EEP; which is in contradiction with the previous reports of propolis from other countries. This may be due to its higher polyphenol content. Hence aqueous extract may well be a substitute of organic solvent extracts of propolis. Moreover, two flavonoids, pinocembrin (1) and galangin (2) were isolated from EEP; among which (2) showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity. Thus Indian propolis, being a rich source of natural antioxidants, may be used in the prevention of various free radicals related diseases. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: In an attempt to find natural, environmentally benign, green-chemical agents for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, we have demonstrated for the first time the excellent efficiency of ethanol and water extracts of a natural, non-toxic material, Indian propolis and two of its chemical constituents, pinocembrin and galangin in the rapid synthesis of stable Ag and Au nanoparticles having wide spectrum of fascinating morphologies. Both of these two extracts were found to be extremely efficient in the synthesis of Ag and Au nanoparticles under alkaline condition. For a given metal ion precursor, the kinetics of particle synthesis were remarkably similar in all the cases, as it is evident from the absorption spectra monitored over time. Moreover they exhibited similar redox behavior under alkaline condition (pH∼10.62). The efficiency of the ethanol and water extracts of Indian propolis towards Ag and Au nanoparticles synthesis was compared with that of naturally occurring hydroxyflavonoids, pinocembrin and galangin isolated from Indian propolis; which are equally efficient in the rapid synthesis of Ag and Au nanoparticles and stabilization of the resultant particles. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Propolis from apiculture is known for wide range of medicinal properties owing to its vast chemical constituents including polyphenols, flavonoids and anticancer agent Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE)., Objectives: The objective of the study was to extract and standardize Indian propolis (IP) with respect to selected markers by newly developed High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, to evaluate in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity and biosafety of Indian propolis., Materials and Methods: IP was extracted, optimized and standardized using a newly developed and validated HPLC method for simultaneous estimation of caffeic acid, apigenin, quercetin and CAPE. The standardised ethanolic extract of IP (EEIP) was screened for in vitro cytotoxicity using sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay, in vivo anti-carcinogenic effect against Dalton's Lymphoma ascites (DLA) cells, hemolytic effect and pesticide analysis., Results: The EEIP was found to contain more amount of total flavonoids (23.61 ± 0.0452 mg equivalent of quercetin/g), total polyphenolics (34.82 ± 0.0785 mg equivalent of gallic acid/g) and all selected markers except caffeic acid compared to all other extracts. EEIP showed better anti-cancer potential than CAPE on MCF-7 and HT-29 cell line and significant (p < 0.01) in vivo anti-carcinogenic effects against DLA in comparison with 5-fluorouracil. EEIP was found to be non-hemolytic., Conclusion: From in vitro cytotoxicity, in vivo anti-carcinogenicity and biosafety studies it can be concluded that the standardized EEIP is safe and can be considered for further development as a biomedicine., (Copyright © 2017 Transdisciplinary University, Bangalore and World Ayurveda Foundation. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of 30% ethenolic extract of Indian propolis compared with Recaldent(™) (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate) in reduction of dentinals hypersensitivity, a randomized, double-blind, split mouth, controlled clinical trial was conducted among the patients residing in Central Jail., Materials and Methods: A sample of 73 teeth from 13 patients having at least three teeth with dentinal hypersensitivity (DH) were randomly allocated into three treatment groups: Group A: 30% ethenolic extract of Indian propolis, Group B: Recaldent(™), Group C: Sterile water. Verbal rating scale was used to record the degree of hypersensitivity based on patient's response to tactile and air blast stimuli. The baseline scores were obtained. Each intervention group received applications of their respective agents consecutively on 1(st), 7(th), 14(th), and 21(st) day. After each application the scores were recorded., Results: Both the 30% Indian propolis and Recaldent(™) showed significant reduction in DH., Conclusion: Recaldent(™) was found to be significantly better in reducing the DH compared to propolis and sterile water (P < 0.01).

Objective: A randomized, double blind, split mouth, controlled clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of two desensitizing agents on reduction of Dentin Hypersensitivity (DH)., Material and Methodology: A sample of 73 teeth from 13 patients, among which at least 3 teeth had dentin hypersensitivity, was randomly allocated into 3 treatment groups: Group A: treated with 30% ethenolic extract of Indian Propolis, Group B: treated with GC tooth mousse, and Group C: treated with sterile water. A Verbal Rating Scale (VRS) was used to record the degree of hypersensitivity, based on patient's response to tactile and air blast stimuli. The baseline scores were obtained. Each intervention group received applications of their respective agents consecutively on 1(st), 7(th), 14(th) and 21(st) days. After each application, the scores were recorded., Results: Both the 30% Indian Propolis and GC tooth mousse showed significant reductions in dentin hypersensitivity., Conclusion: GC tooth mousse was found to be significantly better in reducing the dentinal hypersensitivity as compared to Propolis and sterile water (p< 0.01).