Search

The objective of this study was to clarify the actual physical and chemical properties of volcanic ejecta immediately after the explosive eruption of Shinmoe-dake, Mt. Kirishima, in Japan. The day after the explosive eruption occurred on March 25, 2018, permeability tests using a cylindrical frame were conducted, and samples collected in the test site were subjected to laboratory soil tests. The real infiltration capacity of the volcanic ejecta showed that the final values were lower (38–92 mm/h) in the talus inside the forest than in the plain outside the forest. This was attributed to the small particle size distribution above 1 mm, regardless of the particle size of the silt/clay particle size segment. The rainfall after the explosive eruption was at most 20–22 mm/h, indicating that the real infiltration capacity value at the end of the eruption was higher than the rainfall value. This was consistent with the fact that no debris-flow was observed at the foot of Shinmoe-dake after the recent eruption. On the other hand, examination of the chemical properties of the volcanic ejecta collected revealed high values of Ca and SO4. These compounds form gypsums by reaction with water, could reduce the infiltration capacity of deposit, possibly contributing generation of mudslide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The change of land use from rainwater catchment area to residential land has an effect on changes in soil parameters. These changes can reduce infiltration capacity. The aim of this research is to design an artificial infiltration model to increase infiltration capacity in urban residential land with the criteria: easy to make, economical, can be applied on limited area, does not disturb bearing capacity, and can be integrated with the urban drainage system. This new infiltration model considers the groundwater level, embankment thickness, and the ratio of yard area to house area. This artificial infiltration model is box-shaped with dimensions of 50cm x 50cm x 100cm, filled with split and a 4 inches perforated-PVC pipe installed in the center. The pipe is installed vertically, where the top of the pipe branches horizontally to drain off excess water into urban drainage. The soil parameters used in this model are the same as the soil in residential areas. The model results show that the infiltration capacity is 342 mm/hour. Meanwhile, the surface infiltration capacity measured using a double ring infiltrometer was 59mm/hour. Comparison of these results shows that the infiltration model is able to increase infiltration capacity up to 6 times. The model is also capable of slowing down initiation of surface runoff. Therefore, rainwater that falls on the ground surface can be absorbed quickly into the ground, which make surface runoff smaller. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The runoff threshold is the amount of precipitation that exceeds the infiltration capacity of the soil and from which water begins to flow over the land surface. Its spatial variation will determine the appearance of a series of processes and risks such as soil erosion, sediment transport, water pollution or flooding, all of which are of great interest in the field of land planning and management. This article provides an update of the runoff threshold in the territorial scope of the Demarcación Hidrográfica de las Cuencas Mediterráneas Andaluzas and evaluates the spatial changes occurred between 1990 and 2018 because of land use dynamics. For this purpose, the methodology described in Regulation 5.2-IC related to surface drainage, of the Instrucción de Carreteras (Ministerio de Obras Públicas y Urbanismo [MOPU], 1990; Ministerio de Fomento, 2016, 2019) was used. The results obtained show very contrasting runoff threshold values, with maximums in the western sector and minimums in the eastern sector. On the other hand, the dynamics of land use changes have led to a significant increase in impermeable surfaces and sclerophyllous vegetation, which has generated a clear reduction in runoff threshold values in different areas, mainly in the eastern region. Specifically, the former forest areas, currently occupied by sclerophyllous vegetation, stand out, with a reduction of 17 mm over an area of approximately 229.1 km2. The conversion of agricultural lands into urban areas is also noteworthy, with a decrease in their retention capacity by up to 14 mm of precipitation, covering a total area of 97.1 km2.

Copyright of Investigaciones Geograficas is the property of Universidad de Alicante, Instituto Universitario de Geografia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of China Rural Water & Hydropower is the property of China Rural Water & Hydropower Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soil structure is a key attribute of soil quality and health that significantly impacts water infiltration. Structure can be significantly altered by natural or anthropogenic drivers including soil management practices and can in turn impact soil infiltration. Those changes in soil structure are often complex to quantify and can lead to conflicting impacts on water infiltration into soils. Here, we present a narrative systematic review (SR) of the impacts of soil structure on water infiltration. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, as well as defined methods for literature search and data extraction, our systematic review led to a total of 153 papers divided into two sets: experimental (131) and theoretical (22) papers. That implied a significant number of in-situ and field experiments that were conducted to assess the impacts of soil structure on water infiltration under the influence of different land uses and soil practices. Analysis of the metadata extracted from the collected papers revealed significant impacts of soil structure on water infiltration. Those effects were further attributed to land use and management, where we demonstrate the impact of three unique categories: soil amendments, crop management and tillage. Furthermore, significant correlations were established between infiltration rate and soil structural properties, with R2 values ranging from 0.51 to 0.80 and for saturated hydraulic conductivity and soil structural properties, with R2 values ranging from 0.21 to 0.78. Finally, our review highlighted the significant absence of and the need for theoretical frameworks studying the impacts of soil structure on water infiltration.

Capillary water, serving as a crucial intermediary between groundwater and crop root layer moisture, is important for both soil retention and crop utilization. To investigate the effect of mulched drip irrigation (MDI) on upward capillary water in cotton fields with different application years (0, 10, 14, 18, 20, and 24 years) in the saline–sodic region of Northwest China, an indoor soil column test (one-dimensional capillary water rise experiment) was conducted. The results showed that the wetting front transport law, capillary water recharge, and wetting front transport rate over time exhibited an increasing trend in the early stages of MDI application (10 and 14 years), peaking at 18 years of application, followed by a decreasing trend. The relationship between the capillary water recharge and rising height was fitted based on the Green–Ampt model, and their slopes reveal that 14 and 18 years of MDI application required the largest amount of water per unit distance, indicating an excellent water-holding capacity beneficial for plant growth. Conversely, 0 years required the smallest amount of water per unit distance. Based on the movement characteristics of upper capillary water, we confirmed that the MDI application years (0–18 years) improves soil infiltration capacity, while the long-term application years (18–24 years) reduces groundwater replenishment to the soil. Furthermore, the HYDRUS-1D model was employed to simulate the capillary water rise process and soil moisture distribution under different MDl application years. The results showed an excellent consistency with the soil column experiments, confirming the accuracy of HYDRUS-1D in simulating the capillary water dynamics in saline–sodic areas. The results would provide suggestions to achieve the sustainable development of long-term drip-irrigated cotton fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Managed aquifer recharge (MAR) is increasingly used to secure drinking water supply worldwide. The city of Amsterdam (The Netherlands) depends largely on the MAR in coastal dunes for water supply. A new MAR scheme is proposed for the production of 10 × 106 m3/year, as required in the next decade. The designed MAR system consists of 10 infiltration ponds in an artificially created sandbank, and 25 recovery wells placed beneath the ponds in a productive aquifer. Several criteria were met for the design, such as a minimum residence time of 60 days and maximum drawdown of 5 cm. Steady-state and transient flow models were calibrated. The flow model computed the infiltration capacity of the ponds and drawdowns caused by the MAR. A hypothetical tracer transport model was used to compute the travel times from the ponds to the wells and recovery efficiency of the wells. The results demonstrated that 98% of the infiltrated water was captured by the recovery wells which accounted for 65.3% of the total abstraction. Other sources include recharge from precipitation (6.7%), leakages from surface water (13.1%), and natural groundwater reserve (14.9%). Sensitivity analysis indicated that the pond conductance and hydraulic conductivity of the sand aquifer in between the ponds and wells are important for the infiltration capacity. The temperature simulation showed that the recovered water in the wells has a stable temperature of 9.8–12.5 °C which is beneficial for post-treatment processes. The numerical modelling approach is useful and helps to gain insights for implementation of the MAR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Horton's infiltration capacity is often used to separate rainfall excess from a rainfall hyetograph in watershed modeling. Nevertheless, this infiltration capacity is an implicit function of cumulative infiltration in soil, which is inconvenient in practical applications. This study found an explicit expression of infiltration capacity that is the sum of a steady-state term and a transitional term. The steady-state term is the critical infiltration rate or minimum infiltration capacity, and the transitional term is represented by a Lambert W function that tends to zero as time (or cumulative infiltration in soil) tends to infinity. The proposed method can be easily used, together with a unit hydrograph model, for direct runoff in watershed modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil conventional tillage has been associated with deterioration of its characteristics, while organic farming has been promoted as an approach to conserve a favorable soil environment. With the interest in nominating the tillage strategies without ploughing for maintaining long-term soil quality and subsequently increasing yields, this study set to identify if and how conservation tillage practices in organic management (OM) do improve soil physical properties compared to conventional management (CM). This study was conducted on matched field pairs in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. The conservation tillage treatment effects of OM (superficial tillage using chisel at 10 cm depth) was compared with conventional tillage practices CM (mouldboard ploughing at 30 cm depth). The field pairs were homogenous in most respects that would reflect tillage impacts. Measurements included soil infiltration capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, penetration resistance, and effective bulk density. Infiltration rate, measured using a hood infiltrometer at 10 parcels, was computed using Wooding's analytical method, while Gardner's equation was used to calculate the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks). The steady infiltration rate qs (h) was two times higher under OM than under CM with an average of 624 mm/h and 303 mm/h, respectively. Penetration resistances of OM were lower than under CM irrespective of the clay content. The degree of compactness (effective bulk density) was greater under CM than OM. That small change in soil compactness affects the water infiltration rate and the hydraulic properties rather than intrinsic soil matrix such as texture. Numerical model Hydrus-1D results were more representative for simulating the soil water transfer and hydraulic parameters under tillage changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee agroecosystems are considered to have the potential to impact soil hydrological functions positively, such as water infiltration and soil moisture retention; however, it is not clear how hydrodynamic soil properties regenerate after land-use change and what easy to implement and low-cost indicators there are. Common methodologies to assess soil hydraulic properties are time consuming and expensive. Therefore, the development of easy, robust, and inexpensive methodologies is one of the main steps in achieving a comprehensive understanding of the effects of land-use change on soil hydraulic and physical characteristics in time and space. In order to assess soil properties, we investigated the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and two micro-climatic indicators: soil volumetric water content (VWC) and temperature above (TAL) and below soil cover (TBL) in four land-use types: a thirty-year-old shade-grown coffee (CN); a seven-year-old shade-grown coffee (CP); a one-year-old shade-grown coffee (CC) as well as a non-commercial pasture (PR), in the municipality of Nueva Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa department, Guatemala. Additionally, we conducted a visual soil assessment (VSA) elaborated on by the Catholic Relief Services for coffee soils in Central America. We used the steady version of the simplified method based on a Beerkan Infiltration run (SSBI method) to obtain Ks values after determining historical land use. The SSBI methodology is thought to be a suitable compromise between measurement reliability, applicability, simplicity, and the necessity for repeated sampling in space and time. We also counted the number of shade trees, the canopy cover, vegetation height, soil cover, diameter at breast height, and total number of shade trees. Our findings contend that CN had the highest Ks values, indicating that shade trees have a positive impact on soil hydrological properties in shade-grown coffee agroecosystems. Additionally, CP had the highest VWC content and the greatest effect of leaf litter on soil temperature, indicating a positive impact of leaf litter on microclimatic conditions and soil moisture after seven years of agroforestry coffee plantation. The visual soil assessment suggested that CN had the highest score followed by CP, corroborating the results for Ks and VWC. The selected methodologies proved to be low cost and easy to implement. To counter shortcomings of these methodologies, we recommend monitoring infiltration in tropical land-use systems at regular intervals to better understand the temporal variability of infiltration recovery and ensure robust data in time and space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We devised a simple infiltrometer to easily assess soil infiltration capacity and key soil hydraulic properties considering the impact of soil structure on soil infiltration. We conducted two series of five in situ infiltration experiments each on undisturbed forest and grassland soil of contrasting bulk densities and saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and one on six soil columns with mineral soil and various textures without structure. Finally, we measured Ks, saturated water content and the van Genuchten parameters of these soils. Based on the obtained results, we found the best correlations to be exponential correlations between clay content and infiltrated water volume on the one hand and between clay content and the hydraulic properties on the other hand in all cases. Considering the infiltrated volume obtained by the infiltrometer and the measured soil parameters in mineral soil columns as references, we hypothesized that any change in hydraulic parameters of the natural soil is proportional to the change in infiltration volume. Thus, a second term accounting for water volume changes was therefore included in the correlation equations. The first validations of Ks values in forest soil showed good agreement with the laboratory measurements. Further investigations are needed to extend our validation to other soils with various textures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permeable channels are commonly adopted for urban stormwater management as an infiltration device. However, in the design of such channels, the effects of flow hydraulic parameters (i.e. water level, channel cross section and flow velocity) on the infiltration capacity of a permeable channel have usually been neglected. In this study, the variations of infiltration capacity with flow hydraulic parameters in permeable channels were investigated in various cases of static and dynamic flows. For the static phase, physical channels models were fabricated in the laboratory and the investigations were performed under ponding condition, while a grassed channel model was constructed for the dynamic phase. The results show that the water level and channel side slope affected the infiltration capacity more than the base width. The results also show that increasing the hydraulic residence time significantly affected the infiltration rate. Observed infiltration rates were used to develop a predictive infiltration model that considers the flow hydraulic parameters by adding them to the Kostiakov model. The use of this infiltration model promises better prediction accuracy of the infiltration rate in permeable channels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In sloped and intensively managed land, the soil characteristics are influenced mainly by water erosion intensity. In the present study, we evaluate the characteristics of Chernozems damaged by long-acting water erosion, particularly their retention and infiltration properties and possible impacts on soil fertility. Using infiltration experiments and a collection of intact samples, we performed analyses of the physical soil properties in individual transects. Our results confirm the lower infiltration capacity of deteriorated soil in the accumulation slope parts, which corresponded with the analyses of soil samples. The reduced bulk density in the accumulation slope parts exceeded 1.5 g·cm−3, indicating unsatisfactory (non-structured) soil conditions. In the transportation and eluvial slope zones, porosity values reached satisfactory numbers only at a depth of 10 cm. The median values of aeration showed a similar trend, but we recorded a higher value fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate knowledge of tempo-spatial variability on soil hydraulic properties plays an important role in irrigation scheduling and precision farming. This study was conducted to compare the impact of tempo-spatial variations in long-term conservation tillage applications in organic farming (superficial tillage using a chisel at 10 cm depth) on soil properties. Soil measurements, including infiltration capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), effective bulk density, and penetration resistance, were investigated in 2012 and compared to data from 2008 at the same fields in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Long-term organic farming reflected a relative increase in Ks values with temporal variability 33% more in 2012 than in 2008, while soil texture was virtually time-invariant. The Ks increased from 27.06, 24.42, 40.46, 17.49, and 22.59 cm d−1 in 2008 to 33.17, 28.79, 47.75, 38.99, and 40.82 cm d−1 in 2012 for sample locations I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. The effective bulk density values decreased from 1.72, 1.72, 1.68, 1.64, and 1.81 Mg m−3 in 2008 to 1.63, 1.56, 1.67, 1.32, and 1.48 Mg m−3 in 2012 for sample locations I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. For spatial variations within the same season, variances in computed Ks values were attributed to differences in the soil textures and effective bulk density between different parcels. As the soil was managed by organic farming for a long time, the soil depth compactness was more pronounced in 2012 than in 2008. Nevertheless, the Ks values showed a temporal increase from 2008 to 2012 due to the preferential water flow pathways approach used in organic farming. Estimated Ks values by the Hydrus-1D model in 2012 were five times higher than in 2008. With soil depth, Ks values revealed a decreasing trend over time. Using the numerical model, Hydrus-1D was representative for comparing hydraulic parameters and simulating water transfer in the soil matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater is increasingly important for satisfying California's growing fresh water demand. Strategies like managed aquifer recharge (MAR) can improve groundwater supplies, mitigating the negative consequences of persistent groundwater overdraft. Distributed stormwater collection (DSC)-MAR projects collect and infiltrate excess hillslope runoff before it reaches a stream, focusing on 40-400 ha drainage areas (100-1000 ac). We present results from six years of DSC-MAR operation-including high resolution analyses of precipitation, runoff generation, infiltration, and sediment transport-and discuss their implications for regional resource management. This project generated significant water supply benefit over six years, including an extended regional drought, collecting and infiltrating 5.3 × 105 m3 (426 ac-ft). Runoff generation was highly sensitive to sub-daily storm frequency, duration, and intensity, and a single intense storm often accounted for a large fraction of annual runoff. Observed infiltration rates varied widely in space and time. The basin-average infiltration rate during storms was 1-3 m/d, with point-specific rates up to 8 m/d. Despite efforts to limit sediment load, 8.2 × 105 kg of fine-grained sediment accumulated in the infiltration basin over three years, likely reducing soil infiltration capacity. Periodic removal of accumulated material, better source control, and/or improved sediment detention could mitigate this effect in the future. Regional soil analyses can maximize DSC-MAR benefits by identifying high-infiltration capacity features and characterizing upland sediment sources. A regional network of DSC-MAR projects could increase groundwater supplies while contributing to improved groundwater quality, flood mitigation, and stakeholder engagement.

The change in land use and land cover in upstream watersheds will change the features of drainage systems such that they will impact surface overflow and affect the infiltration capacity of a land surface, which is one of the factors that contributes to flooding. The key objective of this study is to identify vulnerable areas of flooding and to assess the causes of flooding using ground-based measurement, remote sensing data, and GIS-based flood risk mapping approaches for the flood hazard mapping of the Teunom watershed. The purposes of this investigation were to: (1) examine the level and characteristics of land use and land cover changes that occurred in the area between 2009 and 2019; (2) determine the impact of land use and land cover changes on the water overflow and infiltration capacity; and (3) produce flood risk maps for the Teunom sub-district. Landsat imagery of 2009, 2013, and 2019; slope maps; and field measurement soil characteristics data were utilized for this study. The results show a significant increase in the use of residential land, open land, rice fields, and wetlands (water bodies) and different infiltration rates that contribute to the variation of flood zone hazards. The Teunom watershed has a high and very high risk of ~11.98% of the total area, a moderate risk of 56.24%, and a low and very low risk of ~31.79%. The Teunom watershed generally has a high flood risk, with a total of ~68% of the area (moderate to very high risk). There was a substantial reduction in forest land, agricultural land, and shrubs from 2009 to 2019. Therefore, the segmentation of flood-risk zones is essential for preparation in the region. The study offers basic information about flood hazard areas for central governments, local governments, NGOs, and communities to intervene in preparedness, responses, and flood mitigation and recovery processes, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hydrology of alpine and subalpine areas in the Colorado Front Range (USA) is evolving, driven by warming and by the alteration of precipitation patterns, the timing of snowmelt, and other components of the hydrologic budget. Field measurements of soil hydraulic conductivity and moisture along 30-m transects (n = 13) of representative soils developed in surficial deposits and falling head slug tests of shallow groundwater in till demonstrate that hydraulic conductivity in the soil is comparable to hydraulic conductivity values in the shallow aquifer. Soil hydraulic conductivity values were variable (medians ranged from 5.6 × 10−7 to 4.96 × 10−5 m s−1) and increased in alpine areas underlain by periglacial deposits. Hydraulic conductivities measured by a modified Hvorslev technique in test wells ranged from 4.86 × 10−7 to 1.77 × 10−4 m s−1 in subalpine till. The results suggest a gradient from higher hydraulic conductivity in alpine zones, where short travel paths through periglacial deposits support ephemeral streams and wetlands, to lower hydraulic conductivity in the till-mantled subalpine zone. In drier downstream areas, streambed infiltration contributes substantially to near-channel groundwater. As summer temperatures and evapotranspiration (ET) increase and snowmelt occur earlier, alpine soils are likely to become more vulnerable to drought, and groundwater levels in the critical zone may lower, affecting the connectivity between late-melting snow, meltwater streams, and the areas they affect downstream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infiltration on slopes has a specific behavior capable of being parameterized and one of the reasons is due to the ability of the slope to generate less ponding on the sloping soil surface. This, therefore, affects infiltration rate and surface runoff proportion of water from any kind of rainfall distribution and the tendency of the surface runoff to be higher usually leads to a higher erosion rate on the slope. Moreover, slope steepness is the most important parameter of a slope, and its effect at 36%, 47%, and 58% was tested on the infiltration capacity and erosion rate of Mt. Merapi bare slope material in a laboratory using a rainfall simulator. The rainfall intensity was set constant at a rate of 116.31 mm/hour while the infiltration rate was measured by the volumetric balance principle and the erosion rates by collecting the eroded grains at the downstream end flume. Furthermore, the infiltration capacity was evaluated using the Horton method by fitting the equation to the recorded infiltration rate data while the average erosion was through the eroded grain data for each test. The results obtained represent the relationship between slope steepness, the affected infiltration capacity, and erosion for each test, and the infiltration capacity was found to be decreasing in lower slope < 47% and increasing in a higher slope while the erosion rate was increasing between 7% and 15% for each 1% increase in the slope steepness. In addition, polynomial and linear equations were developed to express the relationship between these three indicates at the Mt. Merapi bare slope material.

1. Soil infiltration capacity determines the partitioning of precipitation into infiltration and overland flow and is therefore an important soil hydrological characteristic. Water infiltration through soil is facilitated by macropores created by roots and soil macrofauna. In clay‐rich soils, such as those of the tropical forests of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo, most infiltration occurs via these preferential flow pathways. 2. We evaluated the effects of dung beetle tunnelling on infiltration and macropore creation (depth and width of the flow pathways) in tropical forest soils in Sabah. Using mesocosms, we applied three treatments (i) soil‐only, (ii) dung‐only, (iii) dung + dung beetles, and measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (i.e., the steady‐state infiltration rate) after 0, 5 and 10 days, and assessed depth and width of infiltration pathways by applying a blue dye tracer. 3. The steady‐state infiltration rate increased in the presence of dung beetles, though differences among treatments were only statistically significant after 10 days. After 5 days of dung beetle presence, infiltrated water had reached a greater depth than the control mesocosms without beetles. However, there were no differences in the width of infiltration pathways among treatments. 4. These results reveal the important, but under studied roles of dung beetles on soil hydrological functioning, that may have consequences for nutrient cycling and plant productivity. Further, our findings indicate that the novel application of an established hydrological method—blue dye tracer—can provide interesting and reliable results for macrofauna–soil interaction studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To mitigate urban flooding, conserving pervious areas and securing the infiltration capacity are important. The infiltration capacity of an area can be significantly reduced by compaction; thus, we attempted to build a runoff reduction technology that can ensure the infiltration capacity even after compaction to mitigate urban flooding. Herein, we revealed the relationship between the degree of compaction and infiltration capacity of amended soils using humus and bamboo chips. We performed a watering infiltration experiment, which initially demonstrated the nonoccurrence of surface runoff in all experimental materials for rainfall intensities of 60 and 120 mm hr−1, without compaction. However, as the degree of compaction increased, humus mixed with soil exhibited behaviour similar to that of unimproved soil and the surface runoff exceeded seepage drainage. In contrast, in the case of bamboo chips mixed with soil, the surface runoff remained small even at high degrees of compaction. Consequently, when the rainfall intensity was 120 mm hr−1 and compaction was 3 kg cm−2, the surface runoff per unit time for bamboo chips mixed with soil was 2.4 times less than that for humus mixed with soil and 2.2 times less than that for unimproved soil. Moreover, such differences were observed in the infiltration capacity with respect to compaction because of the void structure owing to soil improvement. Thus, we conclude that soil improvement using bamboo chips can be considered an effective technology to mitigate urban flooding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coffee agroecosystems are considered to have the potential to impact soil hydrological functions positively, such as water infiltration and soil moisture retention; however, it is not clear how hydrodynamic soil properties regenerate after land-use change and what easy to implement and low-cost indicators there are. Common methodologies to assess soil hydraulic properties are time consuming and expensive. Therefore, the development of easy, robust, and inexpensive methodologies is one of the main steps in achieving a comprehensive understanding of the effects of land-use change on soil hydraulic and physical characteristics in time and space. In order to assess soil properties, we investigated the saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), and two micro-climatic indicators: soil volumetric water content (VWC) and temperature above (TAL) and below soil cover (TBL) in four land-use types: a thirty-year-old shade-grown coffee (CN); a seven-year-old shade-grown coffee (CP); a one-year-old shade-grown coffee (CC) as well as a non-commercial pasture (PR), in the municipality of Nueva Santa Rosa, Santa Rosa department, Guatemala. Additionally, we conducted a visual soil assessment (VSA) elaborated on by the Catholic Relief Services for coffee soils in Central America. We used the steady version of the simplified method based on a Beerkan Infiltration run (SSBI method) to obtain Ks values after determining historical land use. The SSBI methodology is thought to be a suitable compromise between measurement reliability, applicability, simplicity, and the necessity for repeated sampling in space and time. We also counted the number of shade trees, the canopy cover, vegetation height, soil cover, diameter at breast height, and total number of shade trees. Our findings contend that CN had the highest Ks values, indicating that shade trees have a positive impact on soil hydrological properties in shade-grown coffee agroecosystems. Additionally, CP had the highest VWC content and the greatest effect of leaf litter on soil temperature, indicating a positive impact of leaf litter on microclimatic conditions and soil moisture after seven years of agroforestry coffee plantation. The visual soil assessment suggested that CN had the highest score followed by CP, corroborating the results for Ks and VWC. The selected methodologies proved to be low cost and easy to implement. To counter shortcomings of these methodologies, we recommend monitoring infiltration in tropical land-use systems at regular intervals to better understand the temporal variability of infiltration recovery and ensure robust data in time and space.

Groundwater crisis is playing a serious concern in the Shilabati river basin located in a tropical plateau fringe region of the south eastern part of West Bengal, India. The river rises from the geological structure of Chotonagpur gneissic complex where groundwater recharge is very poor and is affected by yearly drought scenarios with a prolonged shortage of water supply. The present research is to address this issue through a number of statistical techniques and multicriteria decision-making approaches (MCDM). To accomplish the research objectives, morphometric attributes of 9 sub-watersheds of Shilabati river basin having a total area of 3881 km2 have been estimated. Principle component analysis (PCA) has been used to group these attributes into three components and K-means clustering categorised the sub-watershed into 3 cluster based on morphometric asymmetry. Basin prioritisation based on recharge and infiltration capacity using three MCDM techniques like Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS), Complex Proportional Assessment (COPRAS) and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR) ranked the sub-watersheds where TOPSIS has been selected as the best model using spearman rank correlation coefficient test. According to the TOPSIS model, Donai sub-watershed ranked 1st and proved greater amplitude in recharging its aquifer where the yield capacity of wells ranges from 200 to 400 LPM (litre per minute). The sub-watersheds like Betal and Joypanda need sustainable management at the prior level as validated by groundwater yield data where the yield capacity of wells ranges from 10 to 100 LPM. The methodology is proficient enough for the decision-makers to execute groundwater management and planning strategies substantially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate knowledge of tempo-spatial variability on soil hydraulic properties plays an important role in irrigation scheduling and precision farming. This study was conducted to compare the impact of tempo-spatial variations in long-term conservation tillage applications in organic farming (superficial tillage using a chisel at 10 cm depth) on soil properties. Soil measurements, including infiltration capacity, saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), effective bulk density, and penetration resistance, were investigated in 2012 and compared to data from 2008 at the same fields in Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Long-term organic farming reflected a relative increase in Ks values with temporal variability 33% more in 2012 than in 2008, while soil texture was virtually time-invariant. The Ks increased from 27.06, 24.42, 40.46, 17.49, and 22.59 cm d−1 in 2008 to 33.17, 28.79, 47.75, 38.99, and 40.82 cm d−1 in 2012 for sample locations I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. The effective bulk density values decreased from 1.72, 1.72, 1.68, 1.64, and 1.81 Mg m−3 in 2008 to 1.63, 1.56, 1.67, 1.32, and 1.48 Mg m−3 in 2012 for sample locations I, II, III, IV, and V, respectively. For spatial variations within the same season, variances in computed Ks values were attributed to differences in the soil textures and effective bulk density between different parcels. As the soil was managed by organic farming for a long time, the soil depth compactness was more pronounced in 2012 than in 2008. Nevertheless, the Ks values showed a temporal increase from 2008 to 2012 due to the preferential water flow pathways approach used in organic farming. Estimated Ks values by the Hydrus-1D model in 2012 were five times higher than in 2008. With soil depth, Ks values revealed a decreasing trend over time. Using the numerical model, Hydrus-1D was representative for comparing hydraulic parameters and simulating water transfer in the soil matrix.

The broad development of built areas has decreased infiltration areas, which in turn gives impacts on water table subsidence. The infiltration capacity and distribution are factors that need to consider in preserving the groundwater. This research aims to examine the infiltration rate, infiltration capacity, and distribution of potential infiltration on the southern flank of the volcanic foot plain and the fluvial-volcanic plain of Merapi Volcano. The method employed in this research is a direct measurement using a double-ring infiltro-meter. The constant infiltration rate was analyzed using the Horton Method. The results show that the high infiltration rate spreads over an area with an altitude of less than 200 Meter Above Mean Sea Level (MAMSL) which has very deep groundwater. Meanwhile, the infiltration rates above 200 MAMSL tend to be smaller in shallower groundwater depths. The infiltration capacity in the research area tends to be high. The highest infiltration rate is 1.2 cm/minute with the infiltration equation of ft = 1.20 + (1.967-1.20)e - 0.0492t, while the lowest infiltration rate is 0.1 cm/minute with the infiltration equation of ft = 0.10 + (0.149-0.10)e - 0.0396t. Most of the research areas have moderate or fairly rapid infiltration capacity that spreads from areas below 200 MAMSL to the top altitude at 400 MAMSL. The potential for water infiltration in the research area mostly belongs to the medium category. Overall, this paper presents new insights to understand the characteristics of infiltration in volcanic plain related to the development of land use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The infiltration of rainfall into a slope surface may affect slope stability; thus, it is important to understand the amount of rainfall infiltration (hereafter referred to as the "infiltration capacity") for a slope surface layer when evaluating slope stability. This research focuses on slope gradient, a factor affecting the infiltration capacity, and performs two types of water-spraying experiments using pit sand under the same conditions but with different slope gradients. In the first experiment, the surface flow rate and soil loss were measured using an earth-tank model with a horizontal distance of 0.5 m, depth of 0.1 m, and width of 0.2 m to form slope gradients of 2°, 20°, and 40° to clarify the effect of slope gradient on the infiltration capacity. In the second experiment, a water-spraying experiment that closely simulated natural rainfall was performed at a large-scale rainfall facility owned by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Resilience (NIED), Japan. This experiment used an earth-tank model with a horizontal distance of 1.21 m, depth of 0.5 m, and width of 0.5 m to form slope gradients of 2°, 10°, 20°, 30°, and 40° with the aim of proposing a quantitative evaluation method for the relationship between the slope gradient and infiltration capacity. The results showed that the soil loss and infiltration capacity increased as the slope gradient increased in the case of the pit sand used in the experiments. This was confirmed to be due to the fact that an increased gradient allowed grains with diameters of <50 μm in the slope surface layer to flow out easily, thereby increasing the infiltration capacity. In addition, the relationship between the rainfall intensity and infiltration capacity revealed that the infiltration capacity varied depending on the rainfall intensity and slope gradient, which is unlike the relationship for constant values such as the permeability coefficient. Moreover, the research findings indicated a strong, positive linear relationship (R2 = 0.98) between the slope gradient and fitting factor Ic. Therefore, the relationship between rainfall intensity and the infiltration capacity could be expressed using the fitting factor Ic. This suggests the possibility of quantitatively evaluating the relationships between rainfall intensity, the infiltration slope gradient, and the infiltration capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Featured Application: The application of this study contributes on the urban stormwater channels that reduce the required length of such channel and thereby reduce the land use, construction and maintenance-related costs. The check dams in grassed stormwater channels enhance infiltration capacity by temporarily blocking water flow. However, the design properties of check dams, such as their height and spacing, have a significant influence on the flow regime in grassed stormwater channels and thus channel infiltration capacity. In this study, a mass-balance method was applied to a grassed channel model to investigate the effects of height and spacing of check dams on channel infiltration capacity. Moreover, an empirical infiltration model was derived by improving the modified Kostiakov model for reliable estimation of infiltration capacity of a grassed stormwater channel due to check dams from four hydraulic parameters of channels, namely, the water level, channel base width, channel side slope, and flow velocity. The result revealed that channel infiltration was increased from 12% to 20% with the increase of check dam height from 10 to 20 cm. However, the infiltration was found to decrease from 20% to 19% when a 20 cm height check dam spacing was increased from 10 to 30 m. These results indicate the effectiveness of increasing height of check dams for maximizing the infiltration capacity of grassed stormwater channels and reduction of runoff volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the increasing urbanisation and the effect of climate change in cities has been a constant concern. In particular, the floods cause a significant increase in surface runoff, mostly on roads and parking areas. As an alternative to asphalt pavements, usually used in these areas, permeable pavements have been developed with Porous Asphalt (PA). These pavements allow the infiltration of water from the surface to the ground due to the high void content of the PA, thus reducing the surface runoff and increasing recharge of groundwater. Over the years, the infiltration capacity of the mixtures decreases with the clogging by sediments from the vehicles themselves and/or from the local environment. In order to mitigate this effect, a Double Layer Porous Asphalt (DLPA) was developed. This research intends to deepen the knowledge about the influence of the clogging of a DLPA, with respect to the infiltration capacity, since it is an essential theme in the pavements lifespan and that needs to be developed. This study considered different evaluation phases of the infiltration capacity with two clogging cycles (500 and 1000 g/m2). The materials used were: sand, region soil, and rubber waste. The infiltration capacity test was performed in different phases after a rainfall event of 100 mm/h with a rainfall simulator developed for this purpose. Furthermore, the permeability test with the falling head permeameter was carried out in parallel, obtaining outflow times for each clogging phase and subsequent maintenance phase. The research concluded that DLPA has a high infiltration capacity after the first clogging cycle in both performed tests. In the second clogging cycle, the results show that the infiltration decreased due to the partial filling of the pores, mainly, for the rubber-filled DLPA. The type of clogging material influences the infiltration capacity, nevertheless partially recovered after simple maintenance was performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Service life of permeable pavements is strongly influenced by the infiltration capacity reduction produced due to the progressive clogging of the interconnected pores. This study focused on the effect of rainfall intensity and duration as well as the pavement slope, on the clogging and de-clogging processes of permeable pavements. For this purpose, a rainfall simulator was used in order to test porous asphalt and pervious concrete samples with void contents of 15, 20 and 25%. In order to simulate the permeability reduction in permeable pavements during their service life, test samples were clogged using three different sediment concentrations: 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 kg/m2. Three different rainfall intensities (50, 100 and 150 mm/h) and two different rainfall durations (15 and 30 min) were tested over the test samples. The infiltration capacity of the test samples was assessed in newly built conditions, and for each clogging scenario before and after rainfall simulations. Results showed that rainfall patterns as well as pavement slope significantly affect the infiltration capacity of clogged permeable materials, being higher after longer and intense rainfall events and for lower pavement slopes. Overall, PC mixture showed a best performance in terms of infiltration capacity and self-cleaning capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban areas are undergoing rapid expansion, resulting in diminished vegetation cover and an escalating urban flood problem, and posing substantial threats to aquatic ecosystems, human safety, and socioeconomic structures. However, research on urban flood risk using methods like the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), further exploration of spatiotemporal variations is needed, especially within the context of karst mountainous urban clusters. This study focuses on Guiyang city within a karst mountainous urban cluster, investigating fractional vegetation cover (FVC), infiltration capacity, and urban flood risk. Methodologies encompass slope trend analysis, the utilization of the Google Earth Engine, and geographic detectors to assess the dynamics of FVC and infiltration capacity. AHP is employed to assign weights to infiltration capacity, land use and land cover (LULC), FVC, and elevation, culminating in the generation of flood risk maps through linear weighted overlay. The results showed that: (1) The average FVC in Guiyang City was 0.7440 in 21 years, with relatively low levels in the central and southern regions. The FVC increased by 0.21% per year from 2000 to 2020, driven mainly by land use change and human activities. (2) The infiltration capacity of the city of Guiyang has increased as a whole, mainly due to reforestation efforts in specific areas, while the infiltration capacity of impervious areas tends to decrease. (3) The central urban areas exhibit greater vulnerability, with an estimated ten-year average growth rate of 73.36% in very high flood risk areas by 2030, affecting 7.38% of Guiyang's total area. These urban flood risk maps serve as valuable tools for local governments to enhance urban management practices. • Urban growth and a notable decrease in vegetation cover, particularly in high-density areas. • Afforestation efforts have led to improved infiltration capacity in certain areas. • Central urban regions as more vulnerable to urban flooding, projecting a significant growth in high-risk zones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest fire is a common concern in Mediterranean watersheds. Fire-induced canopy mortality may cause the degradation of chemical–physical properties in the soil and influence hydrological processes within and across watersheds. However, the prediction of the pedological and hydrological effect of forest fires with heterogenous severities across entire watersheds remains a difficult task. A large forest fire occurred in 2017 in northern Italy providing the opportunity to test an integrated approach that exploits remote and in-situ data for assessing the impact of forest fires on the hydrological response of semi-natural watersheds. The approach is based on a combination of remotely-sensed information on burned areas and in-situ measurements of soil infiltration in burned areas. Such collected data were used to adapt a rainfall–runoff model over an experimental watershed to produce a comparative evaluation of flood peak and volume of runoff in pre- and post-fire conditions. The model is based on a semi-distributed approach that exploits the Soil Conservation Service Curve Number (SCS-CN) and lag-time methods for the estimation of hydrological losses and runoff propagation, respectively, across the watershed. The effects of fire on hydrological losses were modeled by adjusting the CN values for different fire severities. Direct infiltration measurements were carried out to better understand the effect of fire on soil infiltration capacity. We simulated the hydrological response of the burned watershed following one of the most severe storm events that had hit the area in the last few years. Fire had serious repercussions in regard to the hydrological response, increasing the flood peak and the runoff volume up to 125% and 75%, respectively. Soil infiltration capacity was seriously compromised by fire as well, reducing unsaturated hydraulic conductivity up to 75% compared with pre-fire conditions. These findings can provide insights into the impact of forest fires on the hydrological response of a whole watershed and improve the assessment of surface runoff alterations suffered by a watershed in post-fire conditions.

Generally, the farming activities in the Sumani upstream watershed community are; cultivating horticulture or vegetables such as cabbage, onions, potatoes, carrots, and flowers. The land cultivation for these purposes is made possible due to the high fertility rate of the land in this region which is suitable for horticultural crops. The soil in this area (including the order Andisol) develops from the weathering of the residue from the eruption of Mount Talang. Most farmers do not implement soil and water conservation which invariably leads to erosion and in the long run, the land will finally be degraded. The purpose of this research is to assess the capacity of water infiltration on some types of horticultural crops in the Sumani Upper watershed. The survey method is used to determine the sampling points and the measurement of the rate of infiltration is read using a ring infiltrometer. The soil samples were analyzed in the laboratory of the Department of Soil Science under the Faculty of Agriculture, Andalas University. While the infiltration rate of the data was processed using Horton's equation. To determine the main factor affecting the infiltration rate, the principal component analysis (PCA) was performed. The results showed that infiltration rate in three groups of farmers ranged from moderate to fast. The main factors affecting it are; bulk density, texture and depth of the root zone. The infiltration capacity, soil texture factor influence is more dominant and equals about to 61.7 percent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Irrigated agriculture will have to increase production to meet the demand for food of the population of the world. A simple physically based method is presented that allows to determine appropriate irrigation rate and duration to avoid runoff, thus contributing to the design of efficient irrigation. The method relies on the infiltration capacity curve of the soil under interest. This curve allows determination of two important relationships: (a) maximal irrigation rate vs. irrigation dose and (b) irrigation duration versus rate. Two case studies illustrate the application of the method to adapt irrigation to the reduction of soil infiltration capacity resulting from the quality of the irrigation water (treated wastewater) or soil surface sealing. The range of irrigation rates for which duration can be estimated as the ratio between the required dose and the application rate is defined. Key Points: A method for efficient irrigation design is presented based on infiltration capacity informationAppropriate irrigation rate and duration can be designed to avoid ponding and runoffIrrigation design can account for changes in soil infiltrability due to irrigation water quality or mechanical changes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Mediterranean ecosystems are prone to wildfires, subsequent to which torrential rainfall and salvage logging are liable to modify soil properties. However, few studies to date have examined the impact of both types of disturbance on the same plot. The aim of this study is to examine the joint, medium-term effects of a torrential rainfall event, immediately following a wildfire, and post-fire salvage logging on the same plot. Three days after the wildfire we established and sampled an experimental plot (72 m2). The second sampling campaign was conducted 4 days after the onset of an intense rainfall event and 7 days after the wildfire broke out. Six months after the wildfire, salvage logging was implemented using heavy machinery to extract burned logs. A third sampling campaign was conducted one year after the wildfire; and a fourth was carried out four years after the event. In each campaign, 30 points, spaced 2 m apart, were sampled at a depth of 0–5 cm. Soil properties analyzed included soil water repellency (SWR), aggregate stability (AS), infiltration rate (in mm/h), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), inorganic carbon (IC), C/N ratio, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), extractable calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), potassium (K), aluminum (Al), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), boron (B), chromium (Cr), available phosphorous (P), extractable silicon (Si), and sulfur (S). Soil extractable elements refers to ammonium acetate extractable fraction and soil available P refers to plant available P. Post-fire rainfall affected pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Zn, P, Si and S. Salvage logging modified SOM, C/N, pH, EC, Ca, Mg, K, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cr, P and Si in the short term and IC, Ca, Al, Mn, Zn, Cr and B in the medium term. The post-fire occurrence of torrential rainfall and salvage logging, in particular the human intervention, had a marked impact on soil properties, resulting in soil degradation. To date, the long-term impact of salvage logging on forest soils has yet to be verified. Highlights • Post-wildfire natural events and human disturbances affect soil properties. • Intense rainfall reduced soil water repellency • Post-wildfire salvage logging using heavy machinery increase soil degradation. • Post-wildfire salvage logging should be postpone from medium- to long-term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of permeable stormwater channels has introduced concerns over the effects of infiltration on the hydraulic behavior of their flow and the effects of flow hydraulic conditions (e.g., the water level, channel section, flow velocity, and vegetation) on the channel infiltration capacity. A check dam system provides backwater ponding, which increases the flow water depth along a channel. In this study, a channel model was used to investigate the variation in the infiltration capacity of permeable stormwater channels under different flow hydraulic conditions. Increasing the downstream check dam height and using a grass cover increased the infiltration rate and cumulative infiltration because of the decreased velocity and increased flow depth. The presence of subsurface water did not affect the hydraulic characteristics of the channel flow but decreased the cumulative infiltration because of the fast saturation of the soil. An empirical equation was developed for predicting the infiltration capacity of grassed channels in which four hydraulic parameters (i.e., the water depth, base width, side slope, and velocity) are introduced to the modified Kostiakov model. The developed model was used to calculate the runoff reduction due to infiltration along a grassed channel with and without a check dam system. The percentage of infiltrated water increased from 8 to 14% with the check dam system. The developed model can be used to predict the infiltration capacity of permeable channels for improved stormwater management and provides a valuable decision support tool for permeable channel design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The watershed at the downstream of Kuranji river often experience flooding. This is due to the rainfall runoff and the flat condition of the downstream area. Another factor might be due to low soil infiltration rate. The objective of this research was to analyze the quality of soil infiltration at the downstream of Kuranji River's watershed. Research methodology that had been chosen as a field survey. Soil infiltration rate was measured using double ring infiltrometer. Location of soil sample was selected by purposive random sampling and was analyzed at the Department of Soil Science Andalas University. The data was analyzed using Horton formula to identify the capacity and the cumulative soil infiltration rate. The result showed that the area which often inundated and has high soil water table had a low infiltration rate. The results showed that the bulk density factor, clay fraction and dust significantly affect the capacity of soil infiltration. Moreover, bulk density, clay fraction, and dust influence soil infiltration capacity. Areas that have high infiltration capacity are Gunung Sariek, Aie Pacah, Ampang, Kurao Pagang, and Dadok Tunggul Hitam. Other sampling locations have low infiltration rate due to the high soil water table. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Establishment of plantation forest reduced the surface soil infiltrability but enhanced the water retention capacity (20–30 cm). • Low initial water content was conducive to increase soil water content after infiltration. • Visualization of gravels and roots spatial distribution at the soil plot scale. • Gravels with better connectivity were more conducive to water infiltration. • Preferential flow was the main infiltration type in reforested areas. Plantation forests (PF) and natural secondary forests (NSF) are the primary reforestation approaches. The establishment of PF can affect forest hydrological processes by changing soil structure. To date, few studies have focused on these changes and the effects on hydrological processes for the paleo-periglacial landform. To reveal reforestation approaches effects on water infiltration, including soil water infiltration capacity, retention capacity, and waterflow path pattern, we conducted field dye-tracer investigations with rainfall and laboratory infiltration experiments for the paleo-periglacial landform of eastern Liaoning mountains, China. The results showed that (1) Soil physical properties (including total porosity (TP), capillary porosity (CP), non-capillary porosity (NCP), initial soil water content (IWC), field water capacity (FWC)) and root abundance (RA) decreased with soil depth in both PF and NSF, while the soil bulk density (BD) and distribution of gravel content showed opposite changes. (2) Establishment of PF reduced the infiltration capacity and water retention capacity in the 0–20 cm layer, but enhanced the water retention capacity in 20–30 cm layer. Low IWC was conducive to increase soil water content (SWC) after infiltration. (3) Infiltration capacity parameters (including saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks), SWC , difference between SWC and IWC (SWC–IWC), dye coverage ratio (DC)) were significantly correlated with BD , TP , CP , NCP , FWC , and fine roots RA (P < 0.05). Better connectivity gravels were more conducive to water infiltration. (4) Preferential flow was the main infiltration type, but with different waterflow paths pattern, with the 'funnel', 'finger' shape for PF, NSF, respectively. Increasing infiltration could increase flow path connectivity. Our findings show that soil physical properties, roots, and gravel occurrence affected soil infiltration, and different reforestation approaches had varying impacts on soil infiltration, water redistribution, transportation, and storage of surface and groundwater, improving the understanding of ecohydrological processes and effects of water resources management in forest ecosystems of paleo-periglacial landform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The check dams in grassed stormwater channels enhance infiltration capacity by temporarily blocking water flow. However, the design properties of check dams, such as their height and spacing, have a significant influence on the flow regime in grassed stormwater channels and thus channel infiltration capacity. In this study, a mass-balance method was applied to a grassed channel model to investigate the effects of height and spacing of check dams on channel infiltration capacity. Moreover, an empirical infiltration model was derived by improving the modified Kostiakov model for reliable estimation of infiltration capacity of a grassed stormwater channel due to check dams from four hydraulic parameters of channels, namely, the water level, channel base width, channel side slope, and flow velocity. The result revealed that channel infiltration was increased from 12% to 20% with the increase of check dam height from 10 to 20 cm. However, the infiltration was found to decrease from 20% to 19% when a 20 cm height check dam spacing was increased from 10 to 30 m. These results indicate the effectiveness of increasing height of check dams for maximizing the infiltration capacity of grassed stormwater channels and reduction of runoff volume.