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There are various types and subtypes of scientific texts, depending on their designation and the relevance to different fields. Above all, the unique scientific texts intended for professionals and the texts written in scientific and business style for mass readers are mentioned. Each of them has got an informative function. The most widespread and essential system in a functional signalling system is language. Words should be motivated for people to assimilate the language and remember its signs. The study of the history of languages shows that the motivation of language signs in the early development of languages, the imitation of sound and imitation of an image are observed more sharply in words. In language, the sign has got the semantic, morphological and phonetic motivation. The motivation of language signs creates functional styles. Each text should the priority bear the characteristics of any style. For studying the lingo-semantic features of the economic texts, it is first and foremost necessary to investigate their stylistic possibilities and terminological system. The forms of speech in language manifest themselves in the form of functional styles. The number and nature of the styles are mentioned differently. The artistic, scientific-technical and formal-business styles among them are considered to be the main functional styles. The language of economic texts belongs to the business style; however, at the same time, the factor of using the terminological lexicon inherent in the scientific style forms the core of economic texts.

The article is devoted to the comparative analysis of Russian and Chinese urban ergonyms. The author of the article distinguishes two groups of ergonyms that perform different functions. These ergonyms were analyzed and classified. Статья посвящена сопоставительному анализу русских и китайских городских эргонимов. Автор статьи выделяет две группы эргонимов, которые выполняют разные функции. Данные эргонимы были проанализированы и классифицированы.

The article considers the concept of metaphors of general linguistic type, as well as defines meaning and classification of metaphors in the stylistic theory. The article presents the analysis of literary significance of metaphors, and identified the metaphors’ types and functions, based on Wilde’s comedy “A woman of no importance”.

The article deals with the study of the structural-semantic and functional features of the repetition in the English texts-announcements. The conducted research determines that the repetition in TA acts as a multifunctional phenomenon, the effectiveness of which is aimed at the implementation of informative, integrative, accumulative, empathic and nominative / topical functions. It was found that the implementation of these repetition functions contributes to the implementation of informative and advertising functions of the texts-announcement and their pragmatic effectiveness in general. Стаття присвячена вивченню структурно-семантичних та функціональних характеристик повтору в англомовних текстах-анонсах. Проведене дослідження визначає, що повтор у ТА виступає як поліфункціональне явище, дієвість якого спрямована на здійснення інформативної, інтегративної, акумулятивної, емфатичної та номінативної/топікової функцій. Було з’ясовано, що реалізація даних функції повторів сприяє здійсненню інформативної і рекламної функцій текстів-анонсів, та загалом їх прагматичної ефективності. Статья посвящена изучению структурно-семантических и функциональных характеристик повтора в англоязычных текстах-анонсах. Проведенное исследование доказывает, что повтор в ТА выступает как полифункциональное явление, действенность которого направлена на осуществление информативной, интегративной, аккумулятивной, эмфатической и номинативной / топиковой функций. Было выяснено, что реализация данных функций повторов способствует осуществлению информативной и рекламной функций текстов-анонсов и их прагматической эффективности в целом.

Muzeum Etnograficzne w Krakowie zostało utworzone przez Seweryna Udzielę w Krakowie w 1911 roku. Od tamtego czasu jest ważnym punktem na kulturalnej i naukowej mapie Polski. Dysertacja jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytania o funkcję informacyjną i naukową dokumentów podhalańskich, które znajdują się w Archiwum tej instytucji. Co więcej, dostarcza danych na temat osób, które miały wpływ na kształtowanie się zasobu, informacji zawartych w podhalanikach, rodzaju i liczebności dokumentów, typu użytkowników oraz sposobów eksploracji archiwaliów. W badaniach wykorzystano metody zarówno jakościowe, jak i ilościowe: analizę i krytykę piśmiennictwa, content analysis, metodę etnograficzną, bibliograficzną, systemową oraz statystyczną. Za ich pomocą analizowano trzy obszary - dokumenty, użytkowników i instytucję - obierając za punkt wyjścia teorię dokumentów archiwalnych jako faktów społecznych Krzysztofa Migonia (2004) oraz proponowany przez Berndta Fredrikssona (2003) postmodernistyczny punkt widzenia, który zakłada ich socjologiczny kontekst). Kolekcja podhalaników stanowi 3% całego zasobu archiwalnego Archiwum MEK i obejmuje ponad 7500 dokumentów, takich jak zdjęcia, rękopisy, maszynopisy, rysunki oraz pocztówki. Zawierają one informacje z zakresu kultury materialnej, społecznej i duchowej. Wyróżnione rodzaje informacji oraz przeanalizowane oczekiwania użytkowników pozwalają na potwierdzenie hipotezy, że podhalanika mają potencjał informacyjny, który wpływa na różne możliwości ich eksploracji w działalności naukowej, o której świadczą publikacje. Archiwalia zostały wykorzystane w formie cytatu, parafrazy, ilustracji, merytorycznego opisu ilustracji, a także edycji naukowej w opracowaniach z zakresu etnologii, historii i językoznawstwa. Uzyskane rezultaty badań pozwalają na stwierdzenie, że podhalanika z Archiwum Muzeum Etnograficznego pełnią funkcje informacyjną i naukową oraz mogą stanowić przedmiot zainteresowania innych badaczy. The Ethnographical Museum in Cracow was developed in 1911 by Seweryn Udziela. It has been important point on cultural and scientific map in Poland. The dissertation is an effort of answer questions about the persons who have influenced the current content of collection of podhalanica, the types of documents included in this collection, as well as their number. It also defines the types of information contained in the documentation, the types of users had used them, and also explains the ways in which podhalanica were used in their work. In her research, Author used qualitative and quantitative methods, i.e. analysis and critique of literature, content analysis, ethnographic, bibliographic system and statistic methods to try three aspects: documentation, users and institution. The starting point was a combination of Krzysztof Migoń’s theory (2004) that archival documents are a “social fact” and Berndt Fredriksson’s post modernistic point of view (2003) in which he put them down in sociological context. A collection of archival documentation connected with the Podhale region represents three percent of the total amount of all documents in the Archive of the Ethnographic Museum in Cracow and includes about 7500 documents: photos, manuscripts, typescripts, drawings and postcards with information about material, social and spiritual culture. The extracted types of information and user expectations allow to say that the documents have informative potential which makes a possibility of their exploration in scientific and popular science literature. The documentation was used in ethnological, historical and linguistic books and articles in several ways: quote, paraphrase, illustration, picture description and scientific editing. In effect, the obtained data show that podhalanica have informative and scientific functions.

Namen diplomske naloge Prevodna analiza angleških in nemških člankov v reviji Global je bil ugotoviti ustreznost slovenskih prevodov člankov v reviji Global iz angleških in nemških izvirnikov, pri čemer smo obravnavali prevodne strategije deskripcije, redukcije in adaptacije. V teoretičnem delu smo predstavili značilnosti publicističnih besedil in funkcije informativne vloge, splošno sliko medijev ter medijsko stanje v Sloveniji. Prevodni premiki so temeljili na teoretičnih izhodiščih prevodoslovnih avtorjev Vinayja in Dalberneta, Petra Newmarka ter Ane Fernández Guerra. Prav tako smo izhajali iz Vermeerjeve teorije skoposa, ki v ospredje postavlja namen besedila in ciljno skupino. Ob tem smo izpostavili vpliv in posledice globalizacije v Evropi ter na slovenski jezik. Z vidika jezikovnih sprememb smo poudarili vlogo prevajalca, še posebej v Evropski uniji, in opredelili proces prevajanja in položaj prevoda. V empiričnem delu smo primerjali besedila iz izhodiščnega jezika angleških in nemških izvirnikov ter ciljnega jezika slovenskih člankov revije Global. Ob tem smo ugotavljali ustreznost prevodov in to, da so prevajalci pri prevajanju največkrat uporabili strategijo deskripcije. Uporabljena je bila tudi strategija redukcije, predvsem pri izpuščanju posameznih besed, delov stavka, ponekod pa tudi celih stavkov, medtem ko je bila strategija adaptacije redko uporabljena. The purpose of the diploma thesis Translation analysis of English and German articles in the Global magazine is to determine the adequacy of its translation into Slovene language and translation strategies of expansion, reduction and adaptation. The theoretical part focuses on the characteristics of the language of magazines and the role of informative language function. In reference to the related magazine, we also provided general presentation of the media, media ownership, independence and pluralism in Slovenia. Addressed translation shifts in the paper are based on conceptual frameworks of different authors of translations studies such as Vinay and Darbelnet, Peter Newmark and Ana Fernández Guerra. The analysis was supported by the Vermeer's skopos theory of translation, which puts forward the aim of the text and target group. Therefore, we also discussed the term globalisation and its influence and consequences in Europe and on Slovene language. From the perspective of language adoptions we stressed the important role of a translator not only generally speaking, but also in the context of the European Union. We also classified translation process and status of translation. The empirical part sets analitical comparison between English, German and Slovene texts in the Global magazine. The analysis concentrates on the adequacy of translation in which is by translators the most frequently used method the strategy of expansion. Translators also used approach to the strategy of reduction which is noticeable in the omission of single words, parts of clauses or sometimes even the whole clauses. Meanwhile, the strategy of adaptation was very often not a significant element.

Undeniable pedagogical value finds itself in humor. Including humor in the pedagogical arsenal of tools, methods and techniques, can be a significant reserve to increase the efficiency of training and personal development. A number of modern researchers (Sh. A. Amonashvili, K. Maurice, L. F. Spirin , V. Prokopenko , M. I. Stankin) note of the teacher's personality character traits, together with empathy - the ability to empathize, kindness to others, necessary emotional character traits - the presence of optimism and sense of humor. Main reasons preventing the use of humor in the classroom are emphasized: fear of violation of discipline, desire of not being ridiculous, negative attitude to the class, the personal qualities of the teacher (low sociability, inflexible thinking). However, in pedagogical process nowadays there are no science-based researches on the problem of methodological and psycho-pedagogical potential of humor. The purpose of this article is to consider humorс as a pedagogical tool, highlight the function of humor in teaching activity, analyze methodological techniques based on humor such as allusion, irony, pun, grotesque, paradox, psevdokontrast and also to consider table use of humor in teaching activities involving the implementation of humor in the foreign language lessons Несомненную педагогическую ценность обнаруживает в себе юмор. Включение в педагогический арсенал средств, методов и приемов, основанных на знании методического потенциала юмора, может стать существенным резервом повышения эффективности процесса обучения, воспитания и развития личности. Ряд современных исследователей (Ш. А. Амонашвили, К. Морис, Л. Ф. Спирин, В. И. Прокопенко, М. И. Станкин) отмечают среди характерологических особенностей личности учителя, наряду с эмпатией – способностью сопереживать, доброжелательностью к другим, необходимыми эмоциональными особенностями характера, - наличие оптимизма и чувства юмора. Среди основных причин, препятствующих употреблению юмора на уроке, выделяют: страх нарушения дисциплины, боязнь показаться смешным, негативное отношение к классу, личные качества педагога (низкая коммуникабельность, негибкость мышления). Однако в педагогике до настоящего времени нет целостных научно обоснованных исследований по проблеме методического и психолого-педагогического потенциала юмора. Цель данной статьи рассмотреть юмор как педагогическое средство, выделить функции юмора в педагогической деятельности, проанализировать такие методические приемы, основанные на юморе как: намек, ирония, каламбур, гротеск, парадокс, псевдоконтраст, а также рассмотреть таблицу применения юмора в педагогической деятельности, предполагающей реализацию юмора на занятиях по иностранному языку

Students of the philology program at Rēzekne Higher Education Institution have been participating in field research since 2002. The subject of field research conducted in Viļaka – folk belief and superstition – was not chosen by chance. While conducting an expedition, information was received that Viļaka has several natural observers who study and record beliefs; however, during the period of field research only Vilis Bukšs, one of Latvia’s most famous naturalists, agreed to share his experiences. 58 respondents were surveyed in Viļaka, and 130 beliefs were recorded between 19 respondent interviews. Linguoculturological and linguocognitological analysis principles were used in the research (Wierzbicka 1997, Krasnikh 2003, Maslova 2004, Sabimova 2013, Fattakhova, Kulkova 2015). As previously mentioned, the empirical material consists of Bukšs’ catalogue of beliefs (529 units), in addition to those collected in Viļaka (~130 units), illustrating comprehension on the part of the respondents of contemporary genres of belief.The article is divided into two main sections: the genres and functions of beliefs, and Bukšs’ calendar of beliefs and language profile.Contemporary belief is studied from the perspective of genre as well as language. There are various definitions that describe the genre of belief. In this article – belief is a genre of short folklore that influences human behavior, and which is primarily implicated in connection with natural phenomena, the qualities of objects and life events.Estrangement from nature, trust in various sources of information and the negative, skeptical attitude of the church frames belief as meteorological, minimizing discourse of its ability to explain regularities in life; however, at the same time real superstitious beliefs are still clearly visible – premonitions associated with visceral reactions, vegetable planting, growth observations, etc., and the discourse of belief is certainly present for the people of Viļaka. In general, however, superstitions have lost their regulative and informative functions, and the prognostic function is more associated with a desire for peace of mind, rather than reliance upon self-evident assumptions to forecast the future.Bukšs’ natural observation calendar shows that belief today is of fundamental importance to the world order, natural processes and the modeling and interpretation of human behavior.

One of the roles of facades is the informative function. On the grounds of the external image the recipient should receive a legible message about the functions that the building performs. The scope of the paper is the presentation of the results of the survey run on a group of 50 students of the Faculty of Architecture, the purpose of which was to focus the attention on the difficulties in correct recognition of the function of the building based on the perception of its façade and a significant influence of subjective feelings of the respondents.

This article contains some aspects of subjectivation of French interrogative sentences with explicit alternative. Subjectivation, being connected to modality of will, presupposes comparison and appraisal of the interrogative alternative components by communicants. Subjective modality can be realized by the following means: insertion of words and words combinations, various reiterations, emphasis constructions etc., modal verbs such as pouvoir and vouloir, moods of verbs (conditional, subjenctive etc.). The question of the article is not about the opposition of subjective and objective but about their graduated combination. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/11068