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The metaverse is an immersive and interconnected technological environment that we are already a part of. We live in a "meta" environment compared to reality, in which the digital world and the analog world continuously intersect in an uninterrupted flow. We are surrounded in our daily lives by digital connections and objects that connect with each other and with the real world, from which they draw data. In the metaverse, whether understood in this broad sense or in a narrow sense, social structures and gender biases are reproduced, with all the elements of intersectionality existing in reality, deeply rooted in the socio-cultural context and represented in the data used by algorithmic models. The predominance of men in the fields of study and work in information and communication technologies, where algorithmic models are developed, does not facilitate the overcoming of these problems. The data underlying artificial intelligence and the metaverse reflect the gender biases observable in work, education, scientific research, journalism, and many other sectors. However, digital technology, artificial intelligence, and the metaverse can offer opportunities to overcome the gender gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La pervasività dei sistemi di intelligenza artificiale e il relativo impatto in termini di protezione dei dati personali impongono una profonda riflessione sulle recenti scelte normative del legislatore europeo e, in prospettiva, di quello nazionale. In questo senso, il contributo delinea, in primo luogo, l’attuale quadro legislativo europeo in materia di dati e IA, sullo scenario della complessa dimensione geopolitica in materia. Muovendo da queste premesse, il lavoro traccia un’analisi in chiave sistemica del Regolamento europeo sull’intelligenza artificiale (c.d. “AI Act”), evidenziando luci ed ombre del complesso rapporto con il Reg. (UE) n. 2016/679 (“GDPR”) e identificando analogie e differenze tra i due atti normativi. Il contributo analizza, quindi, in ottica comparata, il sistema sanzionatorio e l’apparato di governance definiti dall’AI Act, focalizzandosi sulla delicata scelta di un’autorità di controllo nazionale per regolare l’intelligenza artificiale in Italia. Infine, gli autori formulano alcune riflessioni conclusive sui principali nodi tematici emersi nel corso della trattazione e propongono una prospettiva de iure condendo alla luce dell’analisi svolta.

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article investigates the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with the space economy and its profound geopolitical implications. Artificial intelligence is increasingly powering space missions, satellite networks and resource utilization, thereby reshaping the global landscape of the space industry. AI-driven advances are fueling economic opportunities and competition among nations in space-related sectors and the resulting geopolitical effects. From satellite services to lunar and Martian exploration, AI is poised to become a driving force in shaping the balance of power in the space arena, making it a critical topic for policymakers, strategists and industry leaders.

La digitalizzazione del procedimento amministrativo è da considerarsi qualcosa di ormai ineludibile che si concretizzerà pienamente, con più o meno celerità nei prossimi anni, con la naturale evoluzione delle tecnologie e delle scienze informatiche, tuttavia l’automazione completa e/o parziale di processi e procedimenti amministrativi basata sull’impiego dell’Intelligenza Artificiale (IA) non è per nulla scontata. Si consideri infatti che già solo l’adozione di algoritmi “tradizionali”, ovvero non necessariamente di IA, per supportare la Pubblica Amministrazione in fasi procedimentali più o meno complesse, anche non decisorie, rappresenta ancora oggi quasi una sfida, culturale e di legittimità amministrativa e giuridica. Nel mentre, la percezione diffusa è che invece qualcosa di rivoluzionario si sia ormai messo in moto, che riguarda anche l’impiego dell’algoritmica (e dell’IA) per l’incremento della produttività e dell’efficacia dell’azione amministrativa. Una trasformazione epocale e in itinere quella della nostra PA che tuttavia, nell’avanzare, deve necessariamente coniugare la tutela dei diritti dei cittadini con i vantaggi offerti dalla tecnica, fabbisogno che questo lavoro si propone di affrontare, in termini di analisi e di approfondimenti, con una visione ibrida, possibilmente in simbiosi tra il diritto e l’informatica.

Rassegna delle novità in materia di Intelligenza artificiale e diritto con particolare riferimento al procedimento di formazione degli atti dell'Unione europea, alla dottrina sul tema e a recenti applicazioni informatiche.

In the last ten years, theological anthropology has published several studies that have shifted the emphasis from a view of the human condition seen in his supreme vocation as son of God in the life of Christ to a new historical immanence that blurs the horizon of the eternal. The changing dynamic of history becomes a possibility and a challenge to embody the question of humanity's creatureliness. This study summarizes the most important international publications and works. Here we begin to outline some categories, such as man's relationship with God, other human beings and creation; a new chapter is dedicated to the relationship between human and machine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Italian Journal of Health Education, Sport & Inclusive Didactics is the property of Edizioni Universitarie Romane and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orientamenti Pedagogici is the property of Pontificio Ateneo Salesiano (Facoltà di Scienze dell'Educazione dell'Università Pontificia Salesian) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In contemporary society, artificial intelligence (AI) impacts human lives to different extents, including reshaping the public's creative experience. Software and programs enable users to create images from scratch, notwithstanding their actual knowledge or competencies. The visual art system is currently facing an ongoing democratization process, in which the distance separating the creator and the informatic algorithm is gradually fading. Therefore, there is a growing need to analyze AI's implications on the creative process. The paper will analyze the different software and websites providing image-generating services while discussing their impact on society as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the intersection of Artificial Intelligence (AI) with the space economy and its profound geopolitical implications. Artificial intelligence is increasingly powering space missions, satellite networks and resource utilization, thereby reshaping the global landscape of the space industry. AI-driven advances are fueling economic opportunities and competition among nations in space-related sectors and the resulting geopolitical effects. From satellite services to lunar and Martian exploration, AI is poised to become a driving force in shaping the balance of power in the space arena, making it a critical topic for policymakers, strategists and industry leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In contemporary society, artificial intelligence (AI) impacts human lives to different extents, including reshaping the public's creative experience. Software and programs enable users to create images from scratch, notwithstanding their actual knowledge or competencies. The visual art system is currently facing an ongoing democratization process, in which the distance separating the creator and the informatic algorithm is gradually fading. Therefore, there is a growing need to analyze AI's implications on the creative process. The paper will analyze the different software and websites providing image- generating services while discussing their impact on society as a whole.

Il rapido progresso e la vasta integrazione delle tecnologie dell’Informazione e della Comunicazione hanno inaugurato una nuova era di profonde trasformazioni sociali e legali. Tra le numerose innovazioni, l’Intelligenza Artificiale (IA) è emersa come una risorsa cruciale, permeando quasi ogni aspetto della vita quotidiana. La sua forza permea tutta la società da commercio ed industria a sanità, trasporto ed intrattenimento: le tecnologie dell’IA sono così diventate strumenti indispensabili che plasmano il modo in cui interagiamo, lavoriamo e ci muoviamo. Sebbene l’IA abbia un grande potenziale, la stessa potrebbe arrivare a minacciare la democrazia e i suoi principi se utilizzata in modo improprio. Infatti, le Costituzioni italiana e spagnola proteggono i fondamentali diritti di libertà degli esseri umani (libertà fisica, libertà di parola, associazione, riunione, ecc.) come base principale per sviluppare il discorso e il dialogo democratico. In questo scenario, l’IA potrebbe potenzialmente aggirare questa tutela, minacciando la democrazia rappresentativa. Questo articolo descrive -in primis- il concetto di IA e discute i suoi benefici per la società. In secondo luogo, si concentrerà sui principi alla base della democrazia rappresentativa (così come appaiono nella Costituzione italiana) e mette in evidenza le potenziali minacce algoritmiche verso la democrazia rappresentativa. In terzo luogo, questo articolo evidenzia possibili soluzioni per contrastare tali minacce algoritmiche.

Il governo dei dati è stato in cima all’agenda normativa dell’Unione europea per più di un decennio ed ha avuto origine con la riforma delle norme sulla protezione dei dati, nel 2012, la quale ha portato poi allo sviluppo di numerosi strumenti regolatori che sono stati proposti ed adottati, negli ultimi quattro anni, all’interno della strategia europea dei dati. L’obbiettivo della strategia, tenendo conto del valore economico che i dati detengono, è quello di portare l’Unione ad essere leader in una società data-driven, a beneficio di imprese, cittadini e amministrazioni pubbliche. La presente tabella, senza pretesa di esaustività, ha lo scopo di agevolare lo studio e il reperimento di materiali normativi, perciò indica le principali disposizioni del diritto europeo dei dati e delle piattaforme digitali, vigente o ancora in fase di discussione, con specifico link al sito ufficiale dell'Unione europea, ove è possibile approfondire i lavori preparatori e reperire altro materiale ufficiale.

Commento all'avviso del Surgeon General degli Stati Uniti relativo alle relazioni sociali – la loro struttura, funzione e qualità –, che rappresentano un contributo fondamentale e non sufficientemente considerato alla salute individuale e collettiva, alla sicurezza, resilienza e prosperità della comunità.

Rassegna delle novità in materia di Intelligenza artificiale e diritto con particolare riferimento al procedimento di formazione degli atti dell'Unione europea, alla dottrina sul tema e a recenti applicazioni informatiche.

Gli ecosistemi forestali rappresentano uno degli habitat più importanti per la conservazione della biodiversità e sono essenziali per la mitigazione dei cambiamenti climatici, grazie alla loro capacità di assorbire e immagazzinare le emissioni ad effetto serra. Ciononostante, a livello globale il fenomeno della deforestazione è in continuo aumento e tocca livelli allarmanti in alcune regioni del Pianeta. È per questo motivo che negli ultimi anni si sono moltiplicate le ricerche a livello teorico e le applicazioni pratiche di sistemi di Intelligenza Artificiale (“IA”) a tutela delle foreste. L’IA negli ultimi anni ha trovato infatti numerose applicazioni pratiche a tutela degli ecosistemi forestali. Al crescente uso di sistemi di IA in questo settore non ha corrisposto, tuttavia, un’analisi delle questioni giuridiche che sono sollevate dall’uso delle tecnologie cosiddette “intelligenti” nel settore agro-forestale. Questo articolo si propone, pertanto, l’obiettivo di colmare questa lacuna e di fornire una panoramica delle principali questioni giuridiche che vengono sollevate dall’uso di sistemi di IA per la conservazione delle foreste. A tal fine, nella seconda sezione (2) viene descritto in che modo l’IA può essere utilizzata a tutela delle foreste, mentre nella terza sezione (3) ci si interroga su quali questioni giuridiche problematiche scaturiscono dall’uso di queste nuove tecnologie in ambito di tutela del patrimonio forestale. Infine, nella sezione finale, si tirano le conclusioni dell’analisi e si propongono delle soluzioni per ovviare ai problemi evidenziati nella terza sezione. / 𝐹𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 ℎ𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑏𝑖𝑜𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑔𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑖𝑟 𝑎𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑏𝑠𝑜𝑟𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑒𝑒𝑛ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑒𝑚𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠. 𝑁𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑠, 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑔𝑙𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝ℎ𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑢𝑜𝑢𝑠𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑎𝑙𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑃𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑡. 𝐼𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑐ℎ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 ("𝐴𝐼") 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑟𝑡-𝑢𝑝𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑎𝑝𝑝𝑙𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐼 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠. 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑟𝑜𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐼 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑛𝑜𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑, ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑒𝑣𝑒𝑟, 𝑡𝑜 𝑎𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑠𝑜-𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑑 “𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑡𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑒𝑠” 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑔𝑟𝑜-𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟. 𝑇ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑖𝑚𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑔𝑎𝑝 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑎𝑛 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑖𝑒𝑤 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝐼 𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛. 𝑇𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑒𝑛𝑑, 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (2) 𝑖𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑑𝑒𝑠𝑐𝑟𝑖𝑏𝑒𝑑 ℎ𝑜𝑤 𝐴𝐼 𝑐𝑎𝑛 𝑏𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡𝑠, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (3) 𝑤𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝑙𝑒𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑖𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑒𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑠𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑤 𝑡𝑒𝑐ℎ𝑛𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑔𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑡𝑜 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑡𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑡 𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑦𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑚𝑠. 𝐹𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑦, 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑙𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑦𝑠𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑤𝑛, 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑠 ℎ𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑙𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑟𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛.