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Background: Cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) related to metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) comprised overweight/obesity, impaired glucose metabolism, hypertension, hypertriglyceridemia and low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. We aimed to describe the overlap prevalence and synergistic interaction of the five CMRFs on MASLD and liver fibrosis. Methods: Using data of 2017–2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we included non-pregnant participants aged ≥ 20 years who completed vibration-controlled transient elastography examinations and had sufficient information to determine their metabolic status. Logistic and generalized linear regression models were performed to assess synergistic interaction between CMRFs on MASLD and identify the contributions to liver fibrosis. Results: The overall estimated prevalence of MASLD was about 33.1%. More than 80% of patients had three or more CMRFs. For MASLD, synergistic interaction between pairs of overweight/obesity and other four CMRFs were higher than it between other CMRFs' pairs [attributable proportion(AP): 40–50% vs 20–30%]. For liver fibrosis, overweight/obesity and impaired glucose metabolism or hypertension had significant synergistic interactions (AP: 50% or 30%, respectively). We identified 27 out of 31 possible CMRF combinations. Combinations including dyslipidemia were more frequent in men than women (77% vs 59%). Combinations including hypertension were less in Mexican Americans than other ethnicities (25% vs 45–57%). Most combinations with three or more CMRFs, regardless of overlap type, had significant associations with elevated liver stiffness value. Conclusions: CMRF overlap was quite common and had additive interaction in patients with MASLD. Overlapping number may be more important than combination type in liver fibrosis development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the influence of dietary L-carnitine (LC) supplementation in fish diets with varying lipid levels is essential for comprehending its effects. The present study assessed the effect of dietary LC supplementation on growth performance, feed utilization, body composition, and antioxidant capacity of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) at two dietary lipid levels. Two diets were formulated with 100 g kg−1 and 140 g kg−1 lipid levels as control diets, which were each supplemented with four LC levels at 0, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4 g kg−1 to make the experimental diets. These diets were fed to fish weighing 10.80 ± 0.40 g for eight weeks. The results showed that dietary lipid and LC levels, and their interaction affected final body weight and weight gain of fish. The fish fed at 140 g kg−1 dietary lipid level supplemented with 0.2 (HC2) and 0.3 (HC3) g kg−1 LC increased weight gain by 5% and 23%, respectively, compared to those fed on the control diet (HC0). Moreover, the fish fed at 100 g kg−1 dietary lipid level supplemented with 0.2 (LC2), 0.3 (LC3), and 0.4 (LC4) g kg−1 LC increased weight gain by 12.6%, 5.8%, and 8.3% compared to those fed the control diet (LC0). Independently, dietary lipid and LC levels affected serum superoxide dismutase and liver catalase activities. Dietary lipid level affected body lipid and energy contents, serum malondialdehyde content, and liver glutathione peroxidase activity. The optimum dietary LC required for maximum weight gain was 0.31 g kg−1 for fish fed the diet containing 140 g kg−1 lipid level. The present study reveals that the effect of dietary LC varies at different lipid levels. We recommend adding 0.31 g kg−1 LC during the formulation of diets containing 140 g kg−1 lipid to improve growth performance of large yellow croaker during commercial farming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study quantified the environmental impacts of residue burning of major produced and burned crops in Madhya Pradesh, central India. The environmental impacts were quantified using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) coupled with Monte Carlo simulation of 1000 iterations. Crop wise marginal impacts of the crops have been quantified using Multivariate regression model. The results showed that sugarcane and rice have the highest emissions in key impact categories, such as particulate matter formation (PMF) and global warming potential (GWP), whereas wheat and maize exhibit comparatively lower impacts. The combustion of residues significantly increases marine eutrophication (MEUT), agricultural land use (ALU), terrestrial acidification (TEAF) and GWP. Each kilogram of burned residue results in an increase of 21% in MEUT, 0.05% in ALU, 0.046% in TEAF and 0.028% in GWP, intensifying climate change. The results underscore the immediate necessity for specialized residue management strategies for sugarcane and rice crops. It is advisable to utilize sustainable alternatives such as composting or biochar production to mitigate emissions and enhance soil health, thereby addressing environmental and human health issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accelerated biological aging may be associated with increased risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC). However, its relationship with genetic variation, and its effect on improving risk population stratification, remains unknown. We performed an exposome association study to determine potential associated factors associated with EAC. To quantify biological age and its difference from chronological age, we calculated the BioAge10 and Biological Age Acceleration (BioAgeAccel) based on chronological age and nine biomarkers. Multivariable Cox regression models for 362,310 participants from the UK Biobank with a median follow‐up of 13.70 years were performed. We established a weighted polygenic risk score (wPRS) associated with EAC, to assess joint and interaction effects with BioAgeAccel. Four indicators were used to evaluate their interaction effects, and we fitted curves to evaluate the risk stratification ability of BioAgeAccel. Compared with biologically younger participants, those older had higher risk of EAC, with adjusted HR of 1.79 (95%CI: 1.52–2.10). Compared with low wPRS and biologically younger group, the high wPRS and biologically older group had a 4.30‐fold increase in HR (95% CI: 2.78–6.66), at meanwhile, 1.15‐fold relative excess risk was detected (95% CI: 0.30–2.75), and 22% of the overall EAC risk was attributable to the interactive effects (95% CI: 12%–31%). The 10‐year absolute incidence risk indicates that biologically older individuals should begin screening procedures 4.18 years in advance, while youngers can postpone screening by 4.96 years, compared with general population. BioAgeAccel interacted positively with genetic variation and increased risk of EAC, it could serve as a novel indicator for predicting incidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, the majority of ecosystems are being invaded by multiple co‐occurring alien species. While most of the quantitative syntheses have focused on single invasive species impacts, a global‐scale quantitative synthesis on the interaction effects of species co‐invasions across multiple taxa and levels of ecological organization remain largely unexplored. We address this knowledge gap by synthesizing quantitative information from 256 effect sizes published in 36 studies, that reported the individual and interaction effects of co‐occuring alien plant and animal species. Although, our meta‐analysis showed that the mean interaction effect of co‐invasions across a range of variables was antagonistic (i.e. combined effect less than the sum of individual effects), the vote‐counting revealed additive interaction effects (i.e. combined effect equal to the sum of individual effects) to dominate individual observations. Also, the frequency of interaction effect types varied significantly with response variables, ecological organization, ecosystems, continents and study design, thereby indicating the role of these ecological characteristics in shaping co‐invasion interaction effects. Synthesis. Overall, our synthesis highlights the need for incorporating local ecological complexities in future co‐invasion impact research to better predict their interaction effect on biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across spatio‐temporal scales. Looking ahead, we call for concerted research efforts on the ecological impacts of co‐invasions to unravel the causes of variability in interaction outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friction wear is inevitable in roller bearings at high speeds, under heavy loads and vibration, and in other operating conditions. The use of grease can significantly reduce frictional wear. Sulfur–phosphorus additives have excellent anti-wear properties, oxidation resistance, and stability under high load and high-speed conditions. Their application in roller bearings enhances the performance of the grease, thus ensuring the normal operation of roller bearings. This study focuses on the effect of interaction between sulfur–phosphorus additives. Using a friction and wear tester and a rotational rheometer, the original roller bearing grease Fuchs 585k plus was used as the original grease, and the original grease was blended with MoS2, MoS2+TBP, and MoS2+T321, respectively, to comparatively analyze the effect of sulfur–phosphorus additives and their interaction effect on the tribological and rheological properties of the roller bearing grease. The results show that the addition of all the above three additives can improve the anti-wear performance and anti-shear performance of roller bearing grease. Among them, the most significant optimization effect is MoS2+T321, followed by MoS2, and finally MoS2+TBP. This result provides a new idea for the performance enhancement and formulation optimization of roller bearing grease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil price shocks are the major source of variation to macroeconomic indicators of the economy. However, nature of economy whether importing or exporting this valuable resource further exacerbates the interacting variables. Further, the policy stance of the economy is main indicator accelerating or decelerating the nexus of resource price to balances. For this purpose this study has examined the individual and interaction effects of financial and trade liberalization on the current account balance of OPEC economies. The study used a fixed effect panel estimators approach by categorizing the trade and financial openness indicators for the period of 1990-2021. The findings suggest that financial and trade liberalization both decelerate the process of adjustment in current accounts. The conclusion implies that the interaction effects of both moderators are critical for deteriorating the current account imbalances due to oil price shocks. The interaction effects are negative that imply to consider the complementary nature of oil price shock and financial integration/trade liberalization while, handling the current accounts of the oil exporting economies. The complementary effects further convey that while discussion of the adjustment to current accounts the trade openness/financial integration effects also needs attention for craving the policy relayed to oil shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Recently, International Diabetes Federation position statement has adopted one-hour post-load glucose (1hPG) ≥ 8.6 mmol/L for diagnosing intermediate hyperglycemia. We aimed to assess the association of 1hPG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components, as well as interaction between sex and 1hPG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L on MetS and its components in Chinese people at high risk of diabetes. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in DaQing city of HeiLongJiang Province, China between August, 2023 and January, 2024. Eligible individuals with fasting glucose of 5.6–6.9 mmol/L and age of 25–55 years in health checkup data in the year of 2023 or with at least one risk factor of diabetes were invited to receive the oral glucose tolerance test and biochemical examinations. Individuals with self-reported presence of diabetes or usage of glucose-lowering medication were excluded. MetS was defined as presence of at least three of the five components according to the Chinese Diabetes Society criteria. Logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association of 1hPG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L with MetS and its components. Additive interaction was estimated using the relative excess risk due to interaction, attributable proportion due to interaction (AP), and synergy index. Results: A total of 2419 subjects comprising 1465 men (60.6%) with a mean age of 45.77 ± 6.20 years were included, and the prevalence of MetS was 46.8%, with 59.7% in men and 27.1% in women. 1hPG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L was associated with MetS (aOR = 4.40, 95% CI 3.26–6.01), elevated blood pressure (aOR = 1.46, 95% CI 1.13–1.89), hyperglycemia (aOR = 15.46, 95% CI 11.56–20.98), and reduced HDL-C (aOR = 1.51, 95% CI 1.07–2.15) in the overall population, whereas no significant association between 1hPG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L and elevated blood pressure in men (aOR = 1.36, 95% CI 0.97–1.91) or dyslipidemia in women (elevated TG: aOR = 0.81, 95% CI 0.47–1.39; reduced HDL-C: aOR = 1.08, 95% CI 0.49–2.37). Additive interaction effect between sex and 1hPG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L on MetS was observed, with 31% attributed to the interaction effect between men and 1hPG ≥ 8.6 mmol/L (AP = 0.31, 95% CI 0.06–0.49). Conclusions: There was an additive interaction effect between sex and 1hPG on MetS among Chinese people at high risk of diabetes. 1hPG test and sex-specific strategies should be taken into consideration in cardiometabolic disorder identification and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a sinusoidal corrugated filled tube (SCFT) is proposed by filling aluminum foam into a sinusoidal corrugated tube, the finite element model is established using the finite element software Pro/Engineer and Abaqus/Explicit, and the accuracy of the finite element model is verified. Crashworthiness studies under axial impact show that SCFT has better energy absorption (EA) performance than a circular filled tube (CFT) under the same outer tube wall thickness conditions, and the EA and specific EA of SCFT are 1.16 times and 1.12 times that of CFT, respectively; in addition, SCFT has a better interaction effect than CFT under the same outer tube wall thickness. Subsequently, a parametric study of SCFT by amplitude, wavenumber, outer tube wall thickness and aluminum foam density was systematically carried out. The structure studied in this paper can provide a reference for the innovative structural design of filled tubes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although many studies shown that the risk of congenital heart disease (CHD) was closely related to genetic and environmental factors, the exact mechanism was still unclear. This study was to assess the association of maternal folic acid supplementation (FAS), the 5-methyltetrahydrofolate-homocysteine methyltransferase reductase (MTRR) gene polymorphisms in offspring and their interaction effects with the risk of CHD and its subtypes. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 595 children with CHD and 605 healthy child controls. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to assess the association of maternal FAS, offspring MTRR gene polymorphisms and their interaction effects with CHD and its subtypes. Results: This study shown that maternal FAS was significantly associated with a reduced risk of CHD (OR = 0.55, 95%CI: 0.36–0.83) and its subtypes including ASD (OR = 0.25, 95%CI: 0.14–0.45), VSD (OR = 0.42, 95%CI: 0.27–0.64), and CTD (OR = 0.23, 95%CI: 0.09–0.59) in offspring. Offspring MTRR gene polymorphisms at rs162048 (GG vs. AA: OR = 2.05, 95%CI: 1.35–3.13), rs1802059 (AA vs. GG: OR = 5.13, 95%CI: 2.15–12.23; GA vs. GG: OR = 1.81, 95%CI: 1.35–2.43), rs10380 (TT vs. CC: OR = 2.27, 95%CI: 1.20–4.31) and rs1801394 (GG vs. AA: OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.02–2.42) were significantly associated with the risk of CHD, and similar results were also found for three subtypes of CHD. Additionally, a statistically significant interaction effect between maternal FAS and offspring MTRR gene polymorphism at rs1802059 was observed (OR = 0.38, 95%CI: 0.15–0.94). Among children who had a variant genotype at rs1802059, the risk of CHD was significantly decreased when their mother used folate for this pregnancy compared with mothers not using folate. Conclusions: In those of Chinese descent, maternal FAS and offspring MTRR gene polymorphisms are significantly associated with the risk of CHD and its three subtypes. Furthermore, maternal FAS may help to offset some of risks of CHD due to offspring MTRR genetic variants. However, more studies with prospective designs and larger samples are needed to confirm our findings. Trial registration: Registration number: ChiCTR1800016635; Registration time: 14/06/2018. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research explicates ordinal and disordinal interactions through the concept of the "crossover point." This point is determined via simple regression models of a focal predictor at specific moderator values and signifies the intersection of these models. An interaction effect is labeled as disordinal (or ordinal) when the crossover point falls within (or outside) the observable range of the focal predictor. However, this approach might yield erroneous conclusions due to the crossover point's intrinsic nature as a random variable defined by mean and variance. To statistically evaluate ordinal and disordinal interactions, a comparison between the observable range and the confidence interval (CI) of the crossover point is crucial. Numerous methods for establishing CIs, including reparameterization and bootstrap techniques, exist. Yet, these alternative methods are scarcely employed in social science journals for assessing ordinal and disordinal interactions. This note introduces a straightforward approach for calculating CIs, leveraging an extension of the Johnson–Neyman technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate the association of shift work and the risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) with diabetes mellitus (DM), and the interaction effect of shift work and the risk for OSA on DM. Methods: Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2019–2021 were used. The participants were 3012 employees aged 40 to 59 years. Shift work was assessed using self-reporting questionnaires. The risk for OSA was assessed by STOP-BANG score. The distribution of demographic factors was calculated using the chi-square test. Adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using multivariable logistic regression. An interaction effect between shift work and the risk for OSA on DM was evaluated using relative excess risk owing to interaction (RERI) and attributable proportion (AP) with 95% CIs. The synergic index (SI) was also calculated. Results: Shift work and the risk for OSA were each significantly associated with DM. There was also a significant interaction effect between shift work and the risk for OSA on DM. The RERI was 0.543 (95% CI 0.205–1.361) and the AP was 0.230 (95% CI 0.145–0.342). The SI was 1.662 (95% CI 1.481–1.843). Conclusions: There was an association and a significant interaction effect of shift work and the risk for OSA on DM. The management of OSA in shift workers should be implemented to prevent DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study utilizes a comparative experimental research method to investigate the effect of the Predict, Observe, Explain, and Evaluate (POEE) learning strategy in an immersive virtual environment (IVE) on two types of learners with different levels of prior knowledge. One type referred to as Highly Experienced and Knowledgeable (HEK) learners, has both experience in using IVE and subject background knowledge, while the other type, referred to as Limited Experience or Knowledge (LEK) learners, lacks experience in using IVE or subject background knowledge. A total of 65 seventh-grade students from a middle school in Wuhan participated in the experiment, engaging in self-directed learning activities in the IVE. The research results indicate that the implementation of the POEE learning strategy enhances learner-content (L-C) interactions, leading to improved learning outcomes in self-directed learning in the IVE. These improvements are particularly evident in the following aspects: (1) improve LEK learners' academic performance and promote knowledge retention and transfer; (2) improve learners' cognitive, behavioral, and affective engagement; (3) increase learners' motivation and self-efficacy, and decrease their cognitive load. Findings from this study contribute to a better understanding the nature and diversity in student interactions and offer valuable insights for the design of self-directed learning in an IVE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perception of pain, encompassing pain threshold and tolerance levels, is a complex phenomenon influenced by biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors. Notably, age and sex have consistently emerged as pivotal determinants in modulating pain perception. The study aimed to examine age and sex differences in pain threshold and tolerance levels. Furthermore, it delved into exploring whether age-related differences in pain threshold and tolerance levels vary between males and females. This study incorporated 484 healthy Santal tribal individuals aged 18–88 years (male 203 and female 281) living in Howrah and Purba Bardhaman Districts of West Bengal State, India, who reported no chronic or significant pain at the time of data collection. Pain threshold and tolerance levels were assessed using a digital algometer. Results of two-way ANOVA revealed significant main effects of age and sex on every pain threshold and tolerance level assessed in this study, indicating that older individuals had lower pain threshold and tolerance levels than younger ones. Males demonstrated greater levels of pain threshold and tolerance relative to females. Age and sex showed a significant interaction effect on pain tolerance levels, but not on pain threshold levels demonstrating the age-associated declining trend in pain threshold levels was consistent for either sex; however, such a tendency in pain tolerance levels was more pronounced in men. These findings highlight the importance of considering age and sex factors when assessing pain perception.

Abstract Background The prevalence of hypertension is high in Uganda, which places a significant burden on an already strained healthcare system. The behavioural risk factors, such as unhealthy diet, tobacco use, physical inactivity, and heavy drinking, contribute to hypertension development and complications. This study explored the associations of combined tobacco smoking and heavy alcohol consumption with existing hypertension in a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in two rural districts of Uganda. Methods We analysed data collected between December 2018 and January 2019 from 4,372 adults aged 25–70 from 3,689 random households in the Mukono and Buikwe districts, Uganda. Using logistic regression, crude, and adjusted odds ratios were calculated to describe the associations between participant characteristics, smoking, drinking behaviours, and high blood pressure (HBP). To determine effect modification due to combined tobacco smoking and heavy drinking, the relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) was computed. All analyses were performed via R programming software version 4.2.3. Results HBP was prevalent in 23% of the participants. Smokers were 1.36 times more likely to have HBP than non-smokers (Crude OR, 1.36; 95% CI, 1.04–1.76). Compared with non-drinkers, moderate alcohol drinkers were 1.45 times more likely to have HBP (AOR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.18–1.79), and heavy drinkers were 2.53 times more likely to have HBP (AOR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.92–3.32). The RERI indicated an additive interaction effect between smoking and heavy drinking, with conjoint smokers and heavy drinkers having 45% higher odds of having HBP than the summation of the individual risk due to smoking and heavy drinking. Conclusion Tobacco smoke interacts with heavy alcohol consumption to increase the risk of increased blood pressure (BP) when it cooccurs. Integrated intervention strategies targeting both smoking and heavy drinking are essential for reducing the incidence of hypertension in rural Uganda.

Objective To analyze the interaction between the family functions of the father and mother of premature infants and their preparation for home care, and provide reference for clinical intervention measures to improve home care preparation. Methods Convenience sampling was used to select 218 pairs of parents of premature infants in our hospital as the research subjects. General information questionnaire, family care index questionnaire, and home care preparation scale were used to investigate all research subjects. The actor-partner interdependence model (APIM) was used to explore the interaction between parental family function and home care preparation of the children. Results The premature infants of mother had higher home care readiness than fathers, and the difference was statistically significant (P＜0. 05), but there was no statistically significant difference in family function between the parents of premature infants (P＞0. 05). The main effect showed that both the father and mother's family functions had a positive predictive value for their own family care preparation (β father=0. 214, β mother=0. 311, both P＜0. 05). Object effects show that both father and mother's family functions had positive predictive value for each other's family care preparation (β father to mother=0. 162, β mother to father=0. 197, both P＜0. 05). Paired mode display: The impact of parental family functions on home care preparation was a dual mode, while the mother was a mixed mode. Conclusion There is an interactive effect between the family function of parents of premature infants and their preparation for home care. Targeted interventions should be developed from a holistic perspective to better improve the peritoneal home care preparation of infants. (目的 分析早产儿父亲和母亲家庭功能对家庭护理准备的交互作用, 为临床制定干预措施提升家庭护理准备提供参考依据。方法 采用便利抽样法选取医院早产儿父母218对作为研究对象, 采用一般资料问卷、家庭关怀度指数问卷、家庭护理准备量表对所有研究对象进行调查研究, 主客体互倚模型(APIM)探讨早产儿父母家庭功能和家庭护理准备的交互作用。结果 早产儿母亲家庭护理准备高于父亲, 差异有统计学意义(P＜0. 05), 但两者间家庭功能差异无统计学意义(P＞0. 05)。主体效应显示: 患儿父亲和母亲家庭功能均对自身家庭护理准备有正向预测价值(β父亲=0. 214, β母亲=0. 311, P＜0. 05)。客体效应显示: 父亲和母亲家庭功能对对方家庭护理准备均有正向预测价值(β父亲-母亲=0. 162, β母亲-父亲=0. 197, P＜0. 05)。成对模式显示: 父亲母家庭功能对家庭护理准备影响为对偶模式, 母亲为混合模式。结论 早产儿父母家庭功能对家庭护理准备存在交互作用, 临床干预时应该将两者看成一个整体并制定针对性干预措施, 更好地提高患儿父母家庭护理准备。)

Bu çalışmanın amacı Pasifik Puma ülkelerinde (Şili, Kolombiya, Meksika ve Peru) demokrasinin çevresel bozulma üzerindeki etkisini gelirin moderatörlüğünde test etmektir. Bu amaçla 1990-2018 dönemine ait veriler kullanılarak Westerlund (2007) eş bütünleşme analizi ve Ortak İlişkili Etkiler Tahmincisi (CCE) uygulanmıştır. Demokrasi ve çevresel bozulma arasındaki ilişkiyi açıklayan yaklaşımlar göz önünde bulundurulduğunda demokrasinin çevre üzerindeki etkisi farklılaşmaktadır. Bu farklılaşmanın önemli bir nedeni demokrasi- çevre ilişkisini açıklamada gelirin düzenleyici rolünün göz ardı edilmesi olabilir. Bu bağlamda çalışmada çarpımsal etkileşim modeli kullanılarak gelir ve demokrasi düzeyindeki değişikliklerin çevresel bozulmayı nasıl etkilediği incelenmiştir. Çalışmada çevresel bozulma göstergesi olarak ekolojik ayak izi (EF) endeksi kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre uzun dönemde değişkenler arasında eş bütünleşme ilişkisi bulunmaktadır. Çalışmanın diğer bulgularına göre demokrasi ve gelir düzeyindeki artış ekolojik ayak izini artırmaktadır. Bununla birlikte demokrasinin ekolojik ayak izi zerindeki etkisinde gelirin rolü önemli olmaktadır. Gelir düzeyi arttıkça demokrasideki artış ekolojik ayak izini azaltmaktadır. Dolayısıyla demokrasinin ekolojik ayak izi üzerindeki etkisi gelir düzeyi ile koşullandırılmaktadır.

Improperly discarded clothing harms the environment and resources. However, online green disposal extends clothing lifespan, curbing environmental threats. Using the Protection Motivation Theory (PMT), this study analyzes online questionnaire data for 670 Chinese respondents to investigate the key factors of people’s intention to dispose of their idle clothing through online green methods. The findings reveal that self-efficacy, response efficacy, perceived vulnerability, and perceived severity positively impact people’s intention to adopt online green disposal methods. Conversely, response costs and maladaptive rewards negatively affect intention. Moreover, the study finds that the interactive effects of response efficacy with perceived vulnerability and self-efficacy positively predict intention, while the interaction terms of response efficacy with perceived severity, and response cost with maladaptive rewards, are negatively associated with intention. Based on these findings, this study discusses the implications for improving individuals’ idle clothing online green disposal intentions, suggests future research directions, and offers policy recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rs768705 (TMEM161B) is one of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms related to major depressive disorder (MDD). Paranoid personality traits are independently associated with the risk of MDD. This study aimed to investigate the interaction effect between rs768705 (TMEM161B) and paranoid personality traits on the new-onset risk of MDD in Chinese freshmen. A longitudinal study was conducted among 7642 Chinese freshmen without lifetime MDD at baseline in 2018. 158 new-onset MDD cases were ascertained in 2019. DNA samples were extracted to detect the genotype of rs768705. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders-IV criteria were used to determine MDD and personality disorder traits. Multiplicative interaction was assessed by logistic regression models. Tomas Andersson's method for calculating biological interactions was used to estimate the additive interaction. Rs768705(AG) (OR = 1.88, 95 % CI: 1.24–2.83) and paranoid personality traits (OR = 3.68, 95 % CI: 2.57–5.26) were significantly associated with the risk of MDD. The multiplicative interaction model with the product term of rs768705 and paranoid personality trait traits had a significant interaction effect (OR = 4.20, 95 % CI:1.62–10.91). There was also a significant additive interaction effect (RR = 7.08, 95 % CI:4.31–11.65) for the incidence of MDD. Seventy seven percent patients among new MDD cases were attributed to the additive interaction effect between rs768705 and paranoid personality traits. Rs768705 (AG) may interact with paranoid personality traits to increase the incidence of MDD among Chinese college students. Schools and psychosocial health organizations should pay more attention to individuals with paranoid personality traits for MDD intervention and prevention. • This was a 1-year longitudinal study conducted among 7642 Chinese freshmen. • There was an addictive interaction effect between rs768705 (AG) and paranoid personality traits on occurrence of MDD. • 77% of new MDD patients were attributed to the interaction effect of rs768705 (AG) & paranoid personality traits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research is to correlate residual magnetic fields (RMFs) with double defects in ferromagnetic steels. Specimens of X70 pipeline steels were machined into smooth plates with two types of defect (single and double defects) for comparison. Tensile tests were carried out to detect the RMF signals on the surface of the defective specimens. The variation of the tangential component of the RMF signals was presented and magnetic parameters were defined to investigate the abnormal magnetic changes of the two types of defect. It was found that the peak value of the tangential component was not influenced by defect types and the valley value was capable of evaluating the interaction effect between defects. Correlation between the RMF signals and the location of double defects was also investigated. This research will promote the investigation of defect clusters in ferromagnetic steels based on the metal magnetic memory (MMM) technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]