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Purpose: To investigate the impact on career, leadership positions, and involvement in educational roles among participants in the International Visiting Physician (IVP) program at a leading Level I Trauma centre. Methods: An electronic survey was conducted among Denver Health Department of Orthopedics IVP program alumni from 2010 to 2024. Data collected included demographics, baseline experience, career level, and leadership positions at the time of application and their current status. Factors influencing the decision to apply, research, surgical observership, educational, and host city experiences during the fellowship were assessed using a 10-point Likert scale. The impact of the fellowship on career advancement, leadership roles, and educational involvement post-fellowship was also evaluated using a 7 and 10-point Likert scale. Results: Since 2010, 61 surgeons participated in the program, with 45 (73.8%) responding to the survey. Respondents originated from 26 countries across all continents (5 from Europe, 23 from Asia, 5 from Africa, 9 from South America, 2 from North America, and 1 from Oceania). Six alumni were female (13.3%), and the mean age was 37.02 years. On a 10-point Likert scale, the fellowship's impact on the current working position scored 7.53, effects on future positions scored 8.14, inclination to serve in teaching/research roles scored 7.67, and future leadership roles scored 8.00. Conclusion: International Visiting Physician (IVP) programs significantly benefit participants' careers, enhancing their professional positions, leadership roles, and inclination to be involved in teaching and research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the peculiarities of the interaction between the police and the population (on the example of Great Britain). It was determined that the decentralized policy of building a system of law enforcement agencies in comparison with the centralized one can have a number of advantages, including taking into account the national, cultural, religious and other features of individual regions of the country, which allows the application of the most effective mechanisms of public security. It is determined that the principle of «policing by consent» is a central principle in the relationship between the police and the population, emphasizes cooperation between them and legality, means that the legitimacy of policing is based on a general consensus of support that arises from transparency of powers, honesty in exercising these powers and responsibility f or activities. It is emphasized that in order to ensure voluntary compliance with the law and positive relations with the population, the police interacts with the help of informational and promotional programs, public consultations and meetings, thereby realizing the principle of public support and cooperation. The principle of minimum use of force specifies that the use of force by the police should be a measure of last resort, used only when necessary and appropriate to the situation. Police officers are trained in de-escalation techniques and encouraged to use non-v iolent methods whenever possible. It is noted that the principle of impartiality and justice contributes to the fact that the police ensure justice and equality of relations with the population, regardless of race, religion, gender or socioeconomic status. The principle of respect for human rights aims at the respect and protection of human rights by the police, ensuring that their actions do not violate civil liberties. Through a combination of a legal framework, rigorous police training, accountability mechanisms and public involvement, UK police are committed to ensuring that their actions consistently protect and respect human rights. This commitment not only increases public trust, but also contributes to a fair er and more equal society. Maintaining public trust and ensuring police accountability are critical to the continued effectiveness of British policing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of global competition and advances in technology have prompted manufacturing firms to reshape their competitive strategies in global markets. Servitization is an innovative strategy, which integrates services into traditional products to offer both domestic and international customers greater value added. In the context of international entrepreneurship and drawing on the resource-based view and internationalization perspectives, this study investigates the relationship between servitization and the survival of new manufacturing ventures that are engaging in global markets. In addition, it further explores whether the pre-internationalization preparation and post-internationalization experience can moderate the servitization-survival relationship from the perspectives of costs, resources, and capabilities developed in different stages. Our findings support the view that, in the context of international markets, new manufacturing ventures are more vulnerable to risk and the additional costs of servitization coupled with the uncertainty of international markets. Later entry into foreign markets and greater international experience enable manufacturing ventures to resist the hazards associated with servitization and the process of internationalization. In doing so, we contribute to an understanding of the service paradox by adopting a dynamic and processual view of internationalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: International experience has long been recognized as a crucial determinant for firms' knowledge management in the existing literature. However, within a global context, the relationship between international experience and the performance of multinational enterprises is intricate and remains ambiguous. While the impact of people mobility has been extensively studied, limited understanding exists regarding how global mobility of people and evolving external environments reshape the relationship. This study aims to integrate existing empirical evidence on this relationship and examines the contingencies posed by environmental factors. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducted a multilevel meta-analysis based on a sample of 231 effect sizes collected from 167 articles to systematically examine the international experience–performance relationship, considering the moderating effect of the global mobility of people and the rise of national sentiments (including authoritarianism and protectionism). A two-stage procedure comprising Hedges-Olkin-type meta-analysis and random-effects meta-analytic regression was adopted. Findings: The findings demonstrate a predominantly positive international experience–performance relationship that varies across studies owing to differences in research design, variable measurements and firm characteristics. The relationship is positively moderated by the global mobility of people, yet the positive effect is contingent upon the level of national sentiments within home countries. The beneficial effect of inbound mobility on this relationship is attenuated by authoritarianism and protectionism, while the effect of outbound mobility is positively influenced by authoritarianism and less affected by protectionism. Originality/value: This study offers novel theoretical insights into multinationals' knowledge accumulation in the internationalization process. It contributes to the existing literature by presenting an integrated framework elucidating the international experience–performance relationship. Building upon the knowledge-based view, it integrates environmental dynamics and national sentiments to investigate the performance implications of multinationals' international experience, thereby providing valuable practical insights for effective global knowledge management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of international experience helps to unify approaches to criminalizing interference in judicial activities, which contributes to the harmonization of national legislation with international norms. Moreover, such an analysis of best practices from different countries allows us to identify effective practices for protecting courts from external pressure and interference, which is key to ensuring fair justice. The study of legislative initiatives and their consequences in different jurisdictions helps to identify the shortcomings and advantages of existing legal norms, which contributes to the improvement of national laws. The article analyzes the international experience of criminalizing interference with the judiciary. The study covers legal mechanisms and legislative initiatives aimed at protecting the independence of the judiciary in different countries of the world, namely: The United States of America, Slovakia, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and Poland. It is established that liability for obstruction of justice and pretrial investigation is criminalized in the following countries: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Moldova, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan. The author examines different approaches to determining criminal liability for such actions and compares the effectiveness of the measures applied. The article emphasizes the need to adapt national legislation to international norms in order to ensure the effective functioning of the judicial system and protect it from external interference. e. It is concluded that national legislation on protection of the judiciary from interference is in line with the main trends in criminal legislation of European countries. However, having studied the international practice of criminalizing interference with the judiciary, it can be concluded that the US experience can be a useful example for national legislation, since the transparency and detail with which the US legislator approached the regulation of such a sensitive matter as interference with the judiciary require attention and are worthy of borrowing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Building on recent developments in the Uppsala model, we first examine the role of business model innovation (BMI) in the internationalization process of firms and then determine to what extent international experience and psychic distance have a moderating effect between BMI and the success of a firm's international initiatives. Design/methodology/approach: We apply a multiple hierarchical regression model to a sample of 168 firms of two border regions in Italy (Friuli Venezia Giulia) and Austria (Carinthia). Findings: We find empirical support for the moderating role of both psychic distance and international experience in the relationship between business model innovation and the success of internationalization initiatives. Originality/value: The paper contributes to the evolutionary perspective of the internationalization process of firms by adding new aspects related to the role of business model innovation to the most re-cent developments of the Uppsala model. From an empirical point of view, the paper contributes to the literature by identifying and testing two boundary conditions that shape the relationship between BMI and international success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides a comprehensive and in-depth analysis of the nature, types and causes of financial crises, which can threaten both individual national economies and global economic stability. The study analyses the origin and development of financial crises, which, in turn, are given special attention as they are becoming increasingly common amid deepening globalization and the growing integration of world markets. Particular emphasis is placed on theoretical aspects, in particular, on different approaches to the classification of financial crises, as well as on their key characteristics and determining factors that contribute to their emergence and development. The author examines the impact of global financial crises on macroeconomic indicators, including recession, instability of national currencies, rising unemployment and a general decline in economic activity, which have long-term consequences for the global economy. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the impact of the financial crisis on the Ukrainian economy, taking into account its specific socio-economic conditions and structural problems that impede the overcoming of the crisis. The main challenges facing Ukraine in the context of the financial crisis are identified, including low productivity, instability of the banking system and weak competitiveness in global markets. The study also examines strategies for preventing and overcoming financial crises, including improving the regulatory framework, developing effective macroeconomic policies and strengthening the role of the state in managing economic processes. In addition, the international experience of overcoming financial crises and the possibility of adapting it to Ukrainian realities to ensure sustainable economic growth and financial stability were considered. The final part contains recommendations aimed at restoring Ukraine's economic sectors in order to reduce their vulnerability to future financial crises and increase their overall economic potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This study aims to assess the effects of pre‐adult international experiences on expatriate workers' cultural intelligence (CQ). Two data sources were used to achieve this goal; a quantitative survey administered online to expatriates (n = 1713) and the culture database of Hofstede. The analyses identified six deep antecedents of CQ. This study contributes to the scientific literature on the antecedents of CQ by examining non‐work‐related international experiences before adulthood in two cultural contexts. It is also one of the first studies to use the third culture kids concept to explain expatriate CQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the study of social standards and social guarantees in Ukraine, their evolution, current state, and prospects for development in the context of European integration processes. Social standards play an important role in ensuring social justice, equal opportunities, and a decent standard of living for citizens. They regulate basic social rights, including access to healthcare, education, pension provision, and social insurance. At the same time, social guarantees serve as mechanisms for the practical implementation of these standards, providing citizens with access to essential social goods and services. The article examines the evolution of social standards in an international context, starting from the mid-20th century when international organizations such as the UN and the ILO began actively implementing social norms that became the foundation for modern social protection standards. Special attention is given to the influence of European social standards, particularly the European Social Charter, on Ukraine's national legislation, and key aspects of the implementation of these standards in the national social protection system are analyzed. A particularly important topic is the issue of financing social standards and the effectiveness of their implementation in Ukraine. The problems of insufficient funding for social programs, the uneven distribution of social services between regions, corruption, and inefficient management of state resources are highlighted. Based on the analysis of the experience of European Union countries, solutions to these problems are proposed, including the introduction of digital technologies for monitoring and controlling the provision of social assistance, which can improve the targeting of social payments and reduce corruption risks. Pension system reform is another important component of the development of social standards in Ukraine. The article provides a detailed analysis of the prospects for the implementation of a funded pension system, which will reduce the burden on the state budget and ensure a more efficient distribution of pension resources among citizens. The introduction of individual pension accounts and additional pension savings will help ensure the stability of the pension system in the long term. The article also highlights the role of international organizations and their influence on the development of social standards in Ukraine. The activities of organizations such as the European Union, the International Labour Organization, and others are analyzed, which, through their programs, contribute to the development of national social policies and the improvement of the level of social guarantees for the citizens of Ukraine. Special attention is paid to the harmonization of Ukrainian legislation with European social standards. The authors of the article emphasize that the implementation of European norms and standards in the field of social protection will promote Ukraine's further integration into the European community. This, in turn, will improve the standard of living for citizens, ensure the fair distribution of social benefits, and create a sustainable social protection system that meets the best European practices. The article concludes with recommendations for comprehensive reforms to Ukraine's social system aimed at improving social standards and guarantees, taking into account international experience and the realities of the Ukrainian economy. The recommendations focus on the further development of the pension system, improvement of targeted social assistance, and modernization of healthcare. The authors stress the importance of coordinated actions between state institutions, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector to ensure a high level of social protection and a decent quality of life for all Ukrainian citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The right to inviolability of housing is one of the fundamental foundations of a democratic society and the principle of the rule of law. The work analyzes in detail the constitutional right to the inviolability of housing in Ukraine and its implementation in practice. The relevant norms of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Criminal Code, the Criminal Procedure Code and other normative legal acts regarding the conditions of legal and illegal interference in a person's home or other property are thoroughly considered. Cases of justified restriction by state bodies of the right to the inviolability of housing in order to ensure public safety, prevent crimes or protect public order are analyzed in detail. Analyzing a number of decisions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of Ukraine regarding the interpretation of the concepts of "intrusion", "housing" and "other possession of a person" in the context of criminal liability for violation of the inviolability of housing. In particular, the definition of "intrusion" in the resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Council of the USSR in 1983 and the Plenum of the Supreme Council of the Ukrainian SSR in 1984 was examined in detail. A number of court decisions regarding the qualification of the actions of law enforcement officers as "intrusion into housing" were also analyzed. A separate section is devoted to a detailed analysis of legal regulation and judicial practice regarding the limitation of the right to inviolability of housing in the USA, Canada and EU countries. In particular, the practice of the US Supreme Court regarding the entry into a home without a warrant under certain conditions was analyzed, compared to the relevant norms of the Basic Law of the Federal Republic of Germany and the Convention on the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. On the basis of the study, a conclusion was made regarding the need to ensure a proper balance between the implementation of the law enforcement function of the state and the guarantee of the constitutional right to the inviolability of housing in accordance with European standards in the field of human rights. On the basis of the conducted research, a number of specific proposals were formulated to improve the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine and operative investigative legislation with the aim of more clearly regulating the grounds and procedure for possible restriction of the right to the inviolability of housing in accordance with European practice. In general, the work comprehensively analyzes the current legislation regulating the right to inviolability of housing in Ukraine, and the practice of its application in comparison with international experience. Specific and well-founded proposals have been formulated regarding the improvement of the current legislation and the practice of its implementation, taking into account European standards in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Product quality is the basis for demand at national and world industry markets and a precondition for the competitiveness of manufacturing companies. Modern conditions, predetermined by the insufficient volume of resources, problems with personal provision, and high requirements for physical, chemical, environmental, and exploitation indicators of products involve the focus on the capabilities of the digital economy. Digital economy markets offer a rather wide range of tools that allow solving various tasks faced by manufacturers in the sphere of management and improvement of the level of product quality. This research proved the hypothesis on the direct dependence between digitalisation and achievement of effectiveness in ensuring the main indicators of product quality in companies from various spheres of the economy. The scientific novelty of this research is due to the substantiation of the features of implementing innovative directions for product quality management with the use of digital tools in countries with various economic systems.

Event tourism is a dynamically developing sector of the global tourism industry, the share of which increases by 1.5% annually. This segment plays a key role in stimulating the local economy, attracting investment and developing cultural exchange. In Azerbaijan, which has a rich historical and cultural heritage, event tourism has significant potential. However, its development in the regions faces a number of problems that need to be addressed for more efficient use of existing opportunities. This article discusses the current state of event tourism in Azerbaijan, studies certain events held in the republic, substantiates its importance for the socio-economic development of the country’s regions and proposes mechanisms for its improvement based on international experience. The purpose of this article is to analyse the current state of event tourism in Azerbaijan, assess its potential for the socio-economic development of regions and develop recommendations for its improvement, considering existing problems and prospects. The object of the study is to identify problems and explore opportunities related to the development of event tourism in Azerbaijan. The subject of the research is the mechanisms for improving event tourism in the regions of Azerbaijan, including the analysis of current problems, assessment of potential and development of recommendations for improving the accompanying infrastructure, financing, marketing and other key aspects in the context of studying and applying foreign experience. The work uses an analytical research method based on a review of scientific papers in the field of event tourism.

Despite the prominence given to firm-level international experience (IE), there is a dearth of comprehensive and unified conceptualizations of this concept in the literature. This problem necessitates a targeted study to investigate IE, compile its common conceptualization methods, and integrate the existing literature with a new comprehensive approach. The author aims to achieve this by employing Dewey's philosophy to define IE, reviewing 306 high-quality articles to extract extant approaches to the concept, and integrating these results to provide a new conceptualization. This article supports situations as generators of experience and demonstrates that previous approaches primarily focus on only some aspects of IE, overlooking the phenomenon as a whole. The new IE conceptualization is a seven-dimensional construct that includes length, breadth, depth, intensity, diversity, complexity, and echo. Additionally, the author discusses that IE can be analyzed at six levels depending on its origin (entry mode specific, international marketing specific, or both) and geographical scope (regional vs. global). The results provide a robust foundation for scholars and managers aiming to investigate and explore the realm of experiential knowledge and learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Objective This study examined the impact of a short-term study abroad program, focusing on program evaluation, attendee satisfaction, and acquired knowledge and skills. A questionnaire survey was conducted covering various aspects including demographics, program evaluation, and feedback. Results Results indicated higher female participation due to gender imbalances in pharmacy students in Egypt, with senior students recognizing the value of international experience. Attendee satisfaction was high, with positive feedback on accommodation, tours, and workshop materials. Field visits and workshops provided valuable experiential learning, with attendees suggesting extending the program’s duration. The program equipped attendees with knowledge and skills relevant to pharmaceutical products and services, leading to improved competences and perceptions. The study concludes that such study abroad experiences profoundly impact personal growth and recommends integrating them into educational curricula for valuable experiences.

Periodically, the government and experts declare hundreds of billions of US dollars in war losses incurred by Ukraine. However, this is a generalized assessment. Object-by-object expert assessment has an inconsiderable application; it should be creative and, in particular, consider industry specifics. Today, the most unsolved issues are precisely the mass object-by-object assessment of damage and losses caused by the war. The article's purpose is to justify organizational approaches to the introduction of mass assessment of losses and the development and testing of such evaluation methodology based on individual agricultural enterprises. The research uses calculation methods and the methodology of expert monetary assessment. The authors used the analysis method to calculate the research enterprise's average annual pre-war performance indicators; methods of generalization and comparison are applied in analyzing its financial and economic activity based on indicators of financial and statistical reporting. An analysis of the functioning of state and international registers of losses was carried out. Information about the Unified digital integrated information and analytical system for managing the reconstruction of real estate, construction, and infrastructure objects has been disclosed. To implement existing compensation policies for destroyed, damaged property and direct and indirect losses of enterprises, approaches to the introduction of mass assessment of losses are proposed. On the example of indirect losses of agricultural enterprises, which they suffered due to the impossibility of using agricultural land, the article presents an approach to introducing mass assessment of losses. The proposed organizational approach and methodical procedure for calculating indirect losses (lost profit) of agricultural enterprises from the war provides for the introduction of an object-by-object approach accessible to accountants, simplified application of mathematical and program-table methods, which will allow reliably, objectively (documentally confirmed) to determine losses without excessive financial costs related to the payment of third-party examinations.

INTRODUCTION. Currently, stakeholders across the Russian medical and pharmaceutical community are focusing on the restoration of national pharmaceutical compounding. The Russian pharmaceutical compounding market, with its great potential for growth, requires highly qualified professionals able to ensure the operation of compounding pharmacies and the proper quality of extemporaneous medicinal products. The effectiveness of training for such specialists can be improved by analysing the experience of educational institutions in countries with developed pharmaceutical compounding systems.AIM. This study aimed to analyse the distinguishing features of training for pharmaceutical compounding specialists, as well as determine the main trends in pharmaceutical compounding education in leading international academic institutions.MATERIALS AND METHODS. The study used methods of logical, comparative, structural, and content analysis. The analysis covered 106 pharmacy and pharmacology curricula of the top-25 higher education providers from the QS World University Rankings by Quacquarelli Symonds. The curricula were analysed using open data published online, particularly, on the official websites of the selected universities.RESULTS. The article presents the distinguishing features of pharmaceutical compounding education at different academic qualification levels; these features include the requirements for applicants, time to degree, competence standards, structure of exams, and specifics of students’ professional engagement, with consideration of the national context. The key trends in the education of specialists in pharmaceutical compounding include a decrease in training time for mid-level specialists; a tendency towards concentrating on clinical disciplines due to the expansion of the roles of pharmacy professionals; a growing focus on specialisation in the areas of paediatric, dental, sterile, veterinary, radiopharmaceutical, and orphan drug compounding; increasing use of simulated practice experiences and online learning technologies; and the development of continuing professional education systems.CONCLUSIONS. Pharmaceutical education programmes of leading international educational organisations include disciplines related to extemporaneous compounding. Current international trends—pharmaceutical education with further specialisation in extemporaneous compounding, integration of simulation technologies and online learning into the educational process, and development of continuing professional education—coincide with the development directions of pharmaceutical education in the Russian Federation. Whereas international pharmacy specialists complete additional professional education programmes to gain an additional specialisation in the extemporaneous preparation of paediatric medicinal products, sterile dosage forms, chemotherapy products, radiopharmaceuticals, veterinary products, and dental products, Russian specialists can acquire these additional competencies through further education programmes at the levels of advanced training and residency.

Energy is the foundation of a strong country and an engine to promote high-quality and sustainable economic development. This study summarizes the experiences of major energy powerhouses worldwide regarding energy development, believing that they have achieved excellent performance in multiple dimensions such as the stable and diversified energy supply, low-carbon and efficient energy consumption, leading innovation in energy technologies, orderly and open energy market, and completeness in energy governance systems. Moreover, this study reviews the advantages and disadvantages of energy development in China and proposes a Chinese path to becoming an energy powerhouse, involving staged objectives, key tasks, and measures. The basic conclusion is that we need to increase the clean utilization of coal resources to exploit the role of coal in ensuring energy security. Meanwhile, it is crucial to improve China’s ability of oil and gas self-sufficiency by strengthening the exploration and development of oil and gas resources and promoting the lacustrine shale oil revolution. It is also important to scale up the renewable energy sources and optimize the layout of clean energy sources such as hydrogen, thereby improving energy security and implementing the carbon reduction goals through multi-energy coordination

Globalization exerts its influence on every nation and impacts all members of society, whether through direct or indirect means. Now more than ever, U.S. social workers must implement cultural competence, cultural humility, cultural awareness, and other similar constructs while working with culturally diverse individuals, families, and communities to ensure effective and culturally responsive practice. The Council on Social Work Education directs social work programs to teach students these invaluable constructs. However, it remains unclear which construct is most effective and how it is regularly measured, how these constructs are taught, and once they are taught, if knowledge is gained and applied directly in the field. This scoping review analyzed literature from 2012–2022 to determine how U.S.-based social work students are equipped to work with culturally diverse individuals. Findings indicate that diverse constructs exist but often lack a clear definition and similar constructs are measured inconsistently, with many studies utilizing unvalidated measures. The literature also points to a myriad of interventions aimed at helping social work students glean the necessary knowledge and skills to work within cultural diversity, including mostly U.S.-based learning opportunities, international opportunities, and a combination of the two. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study examined the impact of a short-term study abroad program, focusing on program evaluation, attendee satisfaction, and acquired knowledge and skills. A questionnaire survey was conducted covering various aspects including demographics, program evaluation, and feedback. Results: Results indicated higher female participation due to gender imbalances in pharmacy students in Egypt, with senior students recognizing the value of international experience. Attendee satisfaction was high, with positive feedback on accommodation, tours, and workshop materials. Field visits and workshops provided valuable experiential learning, with attendees suggesting extending the program's duration. The program equipped attendees with knowledge and skills relevant to pharmaceutical products and services, leading to improved competences and perceptions. The study concludes that such study abroad experiences profoundly impact personal growth and recommends integrating them into educational curricula for valuable experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of cultural intelligence is considered a crucial attribute for global leaders as it allows them to go through and work effectively in diverse cultural environments. Previous studies have shown that this intelligence, which can be measured through the Cultural Quotient (CQ) concept, is primarily developed through the experiences of individuals interacting with other cultures. However, there is a lack of research on how this occurs during an intercultural experience. This study aims to answer the following question: how situated learning contributes to the development of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) during international experiences? The research method was netnography. Using a mobile application, we followed 12 undergraduate management students during 6 months of their academic international exchanges in five different countries. We collected archival data, extracted data, and field note data. The main findings indicate that CQ primarily develops through everyday activities and interactions with locals and foreigners of various nationalities. Close relationships, friendships, trigger events, and the materiality of culture are critical factors in the development of CQ, particularly in the motivational and cognitive dimensions. In conclusion, the development of CQ is considered an essential factor for cross-cultural management success, as it provides the knowledge, skills, and abilities to effectively communicate, adapt and lead in a culturally diverse environment. Plain language summary: This study aims to answer the following question: how situated learning contributes to the development of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) during international experiences? The research method was netnography. The main findings indicate that CQ primarily develops through everyday activities and interactions with locals and foreigners of various nationalities. Close relationships, friendships, trigger events, and the materiality of culture are critical factors in the development of CQ, particularly in the motivational and cognitive dimensions. In conclusion, the development of CQ is considered an essential factor for cross-cultural management success, as it provides the knowledge, skills, and abilities to effectively communicate, adapt and lead in a culturally diverse environment. In terms of practical implications, our study provides valuable insights into the developmental process of Cultural Intelligence (CQ) during international exchange experiences. This, in turn, offers a pathway for enhancing and nurturing the effectiveness of situated learning in these contexts. For instance, while higher education curricula often prioritize academic pursuits, our research findings underscore the significance of intercultural learning occurring predominantly beyond formal academic settings. Consequently, there is a compelling case for fostering and recognizing diverse social interactions and activities as integral components of this learning journey. As research limitations, the data collected is based on the participants' reports about their experiences. Therefore, possible response biases may exist. Despite the advantages of collecting data via the use of mobile devices in different cultural settings, this form of collecting data can bring limitations to the research, such as unclear validity and accuracy of data and the lack of involvement of researchers in the field. Besides, although there were no differences in the experiences reported by students according to their gender, the number of male and female participants in the research is not balanced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land consolidation (LC) stands as a globally recognized strategy for rural development. In China, it has evolved towards comprehensive land consolidation (CLC) to support the rural revitalization initiative. However, there are ongoing challenges in understanding CLC's specific pathway and mechanism, particularly its role in stimulating rural endogenous development. This study aims to investigate the localization process of international experiences, examine the pathway of CLC, and scrutinize its mechanism in rural development from a novel perspective of neo-endogenous development. Field research and semi-structured interviews were conducted in Nanzhanglou village, renowned for its early adoption of CLC practices inspired by German experiences since 1988. Overall, key findings underscore the advantages of CLC in spatial restructuring, industrial development, and human capital enhancement in rural areas. Additionally, international experiences emerge as crucial exogenous forces, primarily by knowledge embedding, which catalyzes rural neo-endogenous development via the "resource-engagement-identity-endogenous" mechanism. Collectively, by introducing a neo-endogenous theoretical framework, this study offers valuable insights into the CLC implementation in China and beyond, and emphasizes the positive impact of knowledge embedding as an exogenous force in promoting rural neo-endogenous development to address existing research gaps. Recommendations for sustainable rural development involve enhancing rural planning practicality, governance capacity, and local leadership, while prioritizing agricultural modernization and increasing investments in education and vocational training to ensure that villagers benefit from industrial development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is emphasized that electronic evidence has become indispensable for criminal investigations and trials around the world. The importance of legal regulation of the criminal procedural form of digital technologies is emphasized. The improper nature of such regulation entails certain legal consequences, including the recognition of electronic evidence as improper or inadmissible. The experience of some foreign countries in the field of recognition and use of electronic evidence (the USA, Great Britain, the People's Republic of China and the countries of the European Union) is analyzed. It has been proven that each state builds its own way and approach to incorporating such evidence into its legal systems depending on legal traditions, technological infrastructure and privacy considerations. From the analysis of procedural codes, it was noted that procedural science develops a theory of electronic evidence according to the industry principle. It is emphasized that they are based on common digital technologies, therefore this provides an opportunity to develop uniform cross-industry rules for the use of electronic evidence in any process. It was determined that in the Anglo-Saxon legal system there is no clear division of evidence into types. Evidence law is based on typical problem situations. The US legislation, which regulates the use of electronic evidence in the criminal process, is analyzed. It is noted that the condition for their acceptance is its authenticity and relevance to the case. It is noted that in the UK, all electronic evidence is subject to the same rules and laws that apply to documentary evidence. The legislation of the European Union, which regulates electronic evidence and allows to strengthen cooperation between member states in the field of using electronic evidence, is analyzed. It is emphasized that as states continue to adapt to the age of digital technologies, the development of a reliable legal framework and international cooperation will be essential to ensure the effective and fair use of electronic evidence in the pursuit of justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

State regulation in the field of gambling is an important factor for the harmonization of these relations and their adjustment. Currently, world practice does not have special legislation that would establish international requirements for the organization and conduct of gambling. However, the development of gambling business in other countries of the world has a long history and considerable experience of successful state regulation of these legal relations. Accordingly, the purpose of this study is to study similar practices of other states and their possible consideration for further improvement of state regulation in the field of gambling in Ukraine. The article presents certain aspects of state regulation of activities related to the organization and conduct of gambling in some countries of Europe (Switzerland, France, Malta) and North America (United States of America, Canada). It is emphasized that public management and administration in the field of gambling should be aimed at solving the main problems of this sphere of social relations: meeting the needs and interests of a certain group of people; prevention of gambling; protection of citizens from criminal encroachments that pose a danger to a large segment of the population; full and timely receipt of taxes provided for by law to the state budget and their allocation to socially important needs; prevention of types of gambling addiction not permitted by law; combating corruption offenses and legalization (laundering) of proceeds obtained through crime, etc. As evidenced by international practice, in order to solve these problems and eliminate existing problems and risks in this area, a more or less permanent trend is developing in the world (for those countries in which gambling is allowed and controlled): the adoption at the national level of a special regulatory law (legal act); creation of a system of relevant authorized state bodies of public administration with the distribution of organizational, permitting, supervisory and jurisdictional powers; maintenance of the necessary balance of public interests and the interests of business entities and individuals by introducing a system of permissive, agreeable and prohibitive methods of legal regulation and relevant organizational and legal measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The operation mode of enterprises will affect its resource commitment in the host country, involving different costs and time, as well as risks. Yet, the current state of knowledge about how the institutional environment affects the operation mode change of international construction enterprises is equivocal. This study aims to explore the impact of a host country's institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises. Design/methodology/approach: First, this study proposes a model on the impact of the institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises. Second, this study used the Worldwide Governance Indicators (WGI) published by the World Bank and a questionnaire survey to collect data. Finally, the study employs a multiple regression methodology to test the hypothesis and discusses the results. Findings: Results highlight that the important impact of the institutional environment on the operation mode change of international construction enterprises. The results showed that enterprises are more willing to increase resource commitments under the condition of stable institutional environment. In addition, enterprises' market-specific experience and general international experience, as moderating variables, weaken the impact of the institutional environment on the operation mode change. However, general international experience has no significant moderating effect. Practical implications: The findings of this study provide practical implications for the investment risk assessment of international construction enterprises. Enterprises need to consider the change in institutional quality and institutional instability of the host country, as well as their own international experience when changing operation mode. Originality/value: This study extends internationalization theory to the international construction field and provided theoretical guidance for the mechanism of operation mode change of international construction enterprises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Service - learning is a teaching and learning method that integrates volunteer activities within organizations, typically non-profits or social service groups. This concept emerged in the 1960s in the United States and has since seen significant growth in higher education worldwide. Studies indicate that service - learning not only helps students develop professional and personal skills but also fosters social responsibility and enhances understanding of community issues. By analyzing and comparing service - learning models in various countries, the article provides a comprehensive overview of how universities have incorporated this activity into their curricula, highlighting implementation methods, achieved outcomes, and encountered challenges. Consequently, the article offers suggestions and recommendations for applying this model in Vietnam, including curriculum design, faculty training, and building collaborative relationships with community organizations.

In the current realities of Ukraine, the study of the problem of intellectual property rights protection under the civil legislation of Ukraine, with a focus on the latter through the prism of material and procedural aspects, is relevant and urgent. The vast majority of Ukrainians are involved in the intellectual property sector and are put off by its low level of protection. Moreover, foreign investors are also concerned about this issue, which, as a result, reduces the volume of foreign investment. Solving the problems of protection of intellectual property rights contributes to ensuring stability at the national level, which is important in everyday life, and especially during martial law. The author analyses that the issue of regulatory regulation of intellectual property rights protection is paid attention to not only in Ukraine, but also in other countries of the world, where the codification processes have certain differences, but in national legislation it is less distinguished than, for example, in the EU Member States. The latter, in this way, prove its importance in the context of profit. Undoubtedly, the national institution has both positive and negative features, and as a result, the negative aspects have been identified as prevailing, but, given the comparison of this institution through the prism of time, its effectiveness can be traced to a certain extent. Thus, taking into account Russia's destructive actions, intellectual property law can be characterized as capable of withstanding great pressure. The author focuses on the delineation of related rights and improvement of the classification of the law in question in order to exclude false identifications between the latter. The author identifies the establishment of the High Court of Intellectual Property as an urgent need to improve the level of protection by creating a specific judicial body that will be better equipped to resolve relevant disputes. In addition, the author examines the need to encourage judges to improve their competence in this area. The author concludes that the national institution of intellectual property law needs to adopt the best foreign practices, but without completely eradicating Ukrainian legislative peculiarities. This generalization is made due to the doctrinal impossibility of removing long- term developments based on the differences of Ukrainian society, and therefore it is inappropriate to apply exclusively general legal structures.

Today, the government of Ukraine and international and domestic experts estimate the damage from the war in the hundreds of billions of US dollars. However, this is usually a summary assessment data. Object-specific expert evaluation has a single application and requires the development of specific mechanisms for its implementation. The essential basis for this is international experience. Therefore, the article aims to study international reactions to economic challenges caused by war and the generalization of international approaches to the definition and procedures for compensation of losses to enterprises of victim countries caused by armed aggression. The study results confirm the expediency of partially applying the practices of Kuwait to create a corresponding mechanism in Ukraine. The primary basis for financing compensation commissions for the payment of reparations to Ukraine, in particular, confiscated Russian assets and deductions from the aggressor's exports, has been determined. The need to develop low-cost damage assessment methods due to the limited possibilities of professional assessment (limited personnel, financial and time resources) is substantiated. The need for creating a simplified mechanism for recording and assessing losses, which will be available for use by a wide range of specialists and separate sectoral methods of assessing losses (agricultural sector, transport, etc.), was highlighted. The shortcomings of the damage and loss assessment methodology chosen by the Government of Ukraine are substantiated, including the lack of an opportunity to determine and demand compensation for indirect damages (forgotten profit). The hypothesis about the need for revisions and additions in the domestic policy of assessing losses and compensations for the consequences of war, in particular, in terms of focusing on an expert approach in assessment and judicial and arbitration practice of compensations, the introduction of an accounting approach to assessing losses, has been proven.

The article analyzes the international experience of convergence of regional development. The features of the European development of regional policy are defined. The main stages of formation of regional policy of some European countries have been allocated. It is substantiated that the change of the conception of the Europe of nations into the conception of the Europe of regions has led to the formation of a single market, in which the regions are considered as independent players due to increasing their competitiveness. The main tasks of regional development support funds in European countries have been formed. It is determined that on the basis of support and implementation of socioeconomic reforms, introduction of innovative technologies, an increase in the competitiveness of regions and an increase in the level of employment of the population has been achieved. In developed countries, programs are being developed to improve energy infrastructure, which include the development of alternative energy, the introduction of energy-saving technologies, and the creation of new energy communications. It is determined that in regional development an important role is played by stimulation of medium and small businesses, which is implemented on the basis of support of such initiatives by providing them with simplified access to capital, activation of enterprises engaged in tourism activities. It is determined that, despite the different levels of regional development, the main vector is the creation of prerequisites for the balanced development of all territories through minimizing the impact of negative environmental factors. The main instruments for ensuring the convergence of regional development have been allocated. The policy of France in the direction of stimulating the convergence of regions, which consists in the State-controlled system of contracts for planning regional development, is substantiated. The regional development policy of the Netherlands and Austria is more focused on the development of instruments of influence. The peculiarity of the Danish system of regional development is the refusal to stimulate and support certain problem regions and the application of a market approach, which is aimed at creating the necessary conditions for their independent development. The features of the policy of regional convergence of the USA, China, Canada and Australia have been studied, which allowed to allocate the features of their policy of stimulating the development of territories. The main aspects of the formation of regional development policy in Ukraine are also examined and the priority tasks in this aspect are allocated.

The aim of the article is to determine the importance of taking into account the experience of adaptation of personnel from other countries for Ukrainian companies in order to successfully function both in the international market and in Ukraine. The study identified common features of onboarding programs in different countries of the world, such as an emphasis on corporate culture, diversity, professional development, work-life balance, teamwork and communication. The unique features of the processes of personnel adaptation, characteristic of individual countries and due to cultural, historical, religious, legal and social factors, are identified. The importance of taking into account the experience of adaptation of personnel from other countries for Ukrainian companies is substantiated in view of active integration into the international environment, attraction of foreign specialists and expansion of international cooperation. The characteristic features of the process of adaptation of personnel in Ukraine, arising from the cultural, historical and social realities of the country, are determined. Aspects of personnel adaptation based on the experience of other countries, which can be implemented in Ukraine, are proposed. An indicative roadmap for the implementation of these features of personnel adaptation in Ukraine has been developed, taking into account the national context. Thus, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the processes of personnel adaptation in the international context, identifies areas of improvement for Ukrainian companies and outlines the prospects for further scientific work in this area. Regarding the further scientific research, it is proposed to focus on an in-depth study of cultural, historical and social factors that affect the processes of personnel adaptation in Ukraine and other countries of the world; analyses of the efficiency of various methods and practices of personnel adaptation in specific organizations and industries; examining the impact of onboarding programs on staff retention, job satisfaction, and productivity; development of recommendations for adaptation and implementation of the world’s best practices of personnel adaptation in Ukrainian realities; studying the role of technology and innovative approaches in the process of personnel adaptation in the era of digital transformations.

The problem of landmines is becoming increasingly prevalent, with a growing impact on all spheres of society and a consequent slowing down of sustainable development planning at the international, national and local levels. Since February 2022, the issue of mine clearance has become even more relevant for Ukraine, where active hostilities are still ongoing, which requires a thorough study of the economic, social and environmental aspects of this process. In order to mitigate the negative impact of the war and possibly speed up the clearance of mines and other explosive hazards, it is important to analyse the key results of international experience in this area, which has already been gained by a significant number of countries. In order to expand on the subject of this study the example of demining territories of the seven most heavily mined countries in the world were chosen: Albania, Afghanistan, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Cambodia, Croatia and Turkey. The authors concentrated on identifying problems and highlighting the potential for further research into the sustainable dimension of demining, which is considered in this study to be the initial stage of territorial rehabilitation. In this context, the authors focus on the key results of demining through the prism of sustainable development, with particular emphasis on the economic component, as it affects the possibility of rapid resumption of economic and other peaceful use of the territories affected by armed conflicts. This formed the basis of the conclusions, where the authors substantiated ways to implement international demining experience in Ukrainian practice that lies in the inclusion of sustainable development components in strategic and operational documents at the national level. This is to lay a solid foundation for restoring the economic, social and environmental potential of territories in the context of war and post-war recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emerging industry is the key to fostering new growth drivers and developing new advantages. It is also an essential guarantee to reinforce the resilience and security of China's industrial chain and supply chain, and seize the initiative of future development. This study, based on the theoretical foundation and practical needs of "scientific and technological innovation as the driver of developing emerging industries", summarizes the typical practices of innovation and development of emerging industries in countries including the United States, Japan, and Singapore. In addition, the study identifies the difficulties faced by China in the developing emerging industries, and raises a series of suggestions in order to provide insights and reference for the further development of China's emerging industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of algorithmic systems on the criminal trial is becoming increasingly relevant in the legal sphere in the context of globalization and the development of digital technologies. The aim of the study is to assess the role of algorithmic systems in improving the transparency, consistency, and objectivity of court decisions at the international level. The research employs empirical methods, including comparison and making statistics. The obtained results indicate a 50% increase in the efficiency of the judicial system when implementing algorithmic systems based on Big Data. The study emphasizes the importance of developing ethical guidelines and regulatory frameworks to prevent bias and abuse. The practical significance is the evaluation of international experience in the application of technologies to ensure the effectiveness and fairness of judicial decisions. The results of the study indicate the importance of integrating algorithmic systems into the judicial process for improving the quality of justice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine ways to counteract the activities of financial pyramids. To achieve this purpose, the study employs methods such as logical analysis, formal-legal analysis, dogmatic analysis, legal hermeneutics, deduction, induction. The study defines the concept of a "financial pyramid," identifies its characteristics, signs, implementation principles, role, and influence on the socio-economic life of the state. Statistical data from the Republic of Kazakhstan were analysed, leading to the conclusion that the number of criminal activities in this category increases annually. Moreover, regions where these illegal activities are most prevalent were identified. In this regard, an analysis of Kazakhstan's legislative framework was conducted, specifically the Criminal Code of 1997 and 2014, highlighting key problematic aspects and normative-legal conflicts. A comparative legal analysis was also conducted, comparing the experiences of countries such as the USA, Poland, Germany, among others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper uses a sample of the biggest private Colombian exporting firms to propose and estimate a two‐step methodology for measuring international managerial skill and calculating its impact on international firm performance. The first step quantifies the managerial team's organisational capital contribution to rise firms' export proficiency through the average of a regression residuals group conformed by export unit value residuals for differentiated products (multiplying by −1 the price competition products' residuals) and export quantity residuals for homogeneous products. The second step results indicate that: (i) international managerial quality has a significant and robust positive effect on export value, (ii) better managers in the international market do not increase the number of products exported but upgrade export basket's quality and (iii) export value elasticity relative to international managerial quality is around 5 times larger than export value elasticity relative to exogenous global demand shocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of the study was to identify the main models of organisation of the forensic system in Ukraine and to assess international experience in the field of expert support of justice, as well as to analyse ways to adapt modern world standards to national expert practice. The theoretical basis of the study was the documents defining the status and organisation of forensic experts in Ukraine, Latvia and the Czech Republic. The functions related to forensic examinations, examination, and seizure were analysed. It was revealed that the organisation of forensic expert activity in European countries is focused on creating an effective system of expert institutions and ensuring optimal conditions for conducting examinations by qualified specialists who are appropriately accredited and included in the official registers of forensic experts. It was emphasised that in Ukraine there is a mixture of two approaches to structuring forensic expert activity. The advantages of such a mixed model include harmonisation of forensic examinations, standardization of expert methods, accreditation of forensic laboratories and publicity of the register of forensic experts. The author substantiated the need to integrate the Ukrainian system of expert support of justice into the international context and to participate Ukrainian forensic institutions in international organisations that bring together foreign expert institutions. This will help to improve the procedures for the participation of forensic experts in justice. The author proposed to establish a single body – the National Service for the Provision of Forensic Expertise, which will be subordinated to the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine. Thus, the practical significance of the study is that its results can be used to centrally address the problem of methodological and information support of expert activity, which in turn will improve the organisation of forensic activities in Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The disciplinary responsibility of judges requires constitutional and legal reforms to adapt it to the needs of the rule of law, which is based on the full independence and impartiality of judges and the full enjoyment of fundamental rights of all, with particular attention to due process. Disciplinary liability is an official response to actions committed by a judge which compromise him or her as a judge, regardless of whether they are committed in court in the exercise of his or her powers or outside of court. The author analyses the legal and practical aspects of bringing judges to disciplinary liability based on the study of the High Council of Justice's practice regarding disciplinary misconduct of judges. The status of a judge requires not only special control over his/her own behaviour, but also appropriate actions by the State, since the authority of the judiciary and its support are still a matter of State concern - court decisions are proclaimed in the name of the State. The efficiency of the judicial system depends on various factors, one of which is disciplinary liability. The need to improve the legal and procedural aspects of bringing judges to disciplinary responsibility has been repeatedly pointed out by doctrinal approaches to the study of this issue, as well as by the conclusions of international experts. The European Court of Human Rights has also indicated the expediency of reforming the system of disciplinary responsibility of judges in its decision. The grounds for disciplinary liability of judges for violation of substantive and procedural law provided for by national legislation should continue to be enshrined in Article 106 of the Law of Ukraine 'On the Judicial System and Status of Judges'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, issues related to the legislative consolidation of combating cybercrimes are very relevant. This direction is promising and, in our opinion, one of the main ones for state authorities. The timely adoption of current legislation is an impetus for the formation of a system and mechanisms for combating virtual illegal actions. In these conditions, the relevance and timeliness of normative legal acts determines the directions, mechanisms and methods of protection of society and the state. Based on the analysis of the experience of foreign countries, the author analyzed modern changes in the field of cybercrimes. It has been established that the process of legislative fight against cybercrimes in foreign countries began as early as the 20th century. The main, fundamental legal acts forming the countermeasure system were also adopted at that time, and most of them are still in effect. However, this does not mean at all that the modern system of combating cybercrime is based exclusively on acts adopted in the last century. In the conditions of an aggressive war, such a thief becomes a combat unit, and his main tool is cyber attacks and hacking. In addition, during the martial law, attacks are possible not only from the enemy, who uses the information space to harm Ukraine's defense capabilities, but also from those who have decided to take advantage of the situation when law enforcement agencies are overburdened, and to profit from the funds of our citizens. It is noted that the modern world is changing rapidly due to such factors as computerization, globalization and informatization, permanent war. In these conditions, technologies and techniques are constantly updated, which leads to rapid changes in the criminal sphere, especially in the field of cybercrimes. New malicious programs, fraudulent schemes and types of computer attacks pose new challenges to the state in the field of countermeasures. Therefore, the legislator adopts new changes to the current legal framework and introduces completely new acts. Therefore, a characteristic feature of the global response to new threats in the information world is the adoption of changes to the current legislation of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the realities and challenges of internationalizing administrative staff in Japanese universities empirically due to the increasing globalization of higher education. The functions and roles of the administrative staff from the policy perspective, with the implementation of mandatory staff development (SD) and reforms to the standards for establishing universities, have been considered. This study attempts to describe the following three aspects: the international nature, working and training overseas experience, and administrative staff's educational background. The open data were obtained from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science website. The results of revealed that acquired insights can also become useful inputs for developing university policies concerning recruitment guidelines, methods, staff training, and "human capital development" in Japanese universities. This finding contributes to the policy making and SD of the internationalizing administrative staff in various countries in terms of foreign nationality, oversea experience, and educational background. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although emerging market multinational enterprises (EMNEs) face substantial liabilities of origin (LoO) that hinder their global expansion, under-researched is whether trust-building with foreign partners in host markets can help them reduce these liabilities and enhance their subsidiary performance. Drawing on the relational exchange view and institutional theory, our study examines how interfirm trust affects EMNEs' subsidiary performance in host countries, and how this effect is moderated by factors reflecting the regulative, normative, and cognitive institutional pressures that confront EMNEs in host countries. The results from a survey of 146 senior managers of overseas subsidiaries of Chinese multinational enterprises show that interfirm trust is positively related to subsidiary performance, and this positive effect is stronger when host countries' legal systems are deficient but financial markets are munificent, and when EMNEs partner with state-owned foreign firms or possess rich international experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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