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Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic exacerbated a global learning crisis with teaching and learning losses, impacting children’s well-being and the management of their behaviours. Aim: The aim of this study was to explore how four Grade 3 educators managed the behaviours of learners in their classroom post-COVID-19. Setting: The research was conducted in a quintile 5, full-service urban primary school in Cape Town, South Africa, with a educator -pupil ratio of 1:36. The majority of the learners spoke English, with the minority speaking Afrikaans, isiXhosa and French. Methods: An interpretivist paradigm, qualitative approach and a case study were used as they allowed the researcher to gain an understanding about challenging behaviour management in Grade 3 post-COVID-19, by exploring multiple educators’ subjective perceptions. Results: To answer the research question, ‘What types of challenging behaviours are Grade 3 learners exhibiting post-COVID-19 and how are educators managing these challenging behaviours in Grade 3 learners post-COVID-19?’. Three themes emerged: (1) the types of behaviours learners exhibited, (2) their views on proactive and reactive management styles and (3) the challenges experienced by the educators while managing the learners’ behaviours. Conclusion: The types of behaviours exhibited included: physical, verbal and academic behavioural challenges. Proactive strategies appeared to be the most preferred management strategy of choice with a higher success rate. External factors created difficulties for educators to maintain consistent standards of behaviour management. Contribution: This research study contributes to the knowledge and field of behaviour management and inclusive education within the Foundation Phase of South African schools post-COVID-19.

The aim of this paper is to discuss the practice of Islamically informed liberatory pedagogical practice within a MIHEUK, through a 'self-reflective' dialogue. As the former course leader for Education Studies at the Markfield Institute of Higher Education, the paper examines the derived reflections and experience of the author teaching the BA degree program in Islamic studies with Education and the MA Post-Graduate Degree program in Islamic Education (2019–2022). In contributing to the discussion, the paper adopts a critically reflective interpretivist–hermeneutical methodology, whereby Fazlur Rahman's double hermeneutical model is utilised to contextualise core educational principles from the Islamic weltanschauung (1982). The paper cites an example exercise study utilised to analyse the adoption of Islamically informed liberatory pedagogical practices. The findings from this exercise reveal that the students' general ability to critically reflect upon the Islamic educational tradition reflect the influence of the teacher. However, the increased ability of the students to act independently and think critically to challenge the limits to their own potential or understanding of the sources dictating their religiosities and subjectivities is from a place of authenticity, thereby demonstrating the transformative nature of self-realisation as conscientization (critical consciousness) and its realisation of latent potentialities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to seek to understand and describe the experiences of university students taking part in the Paralympic Skill Lab (PSL) program in relation to shaping attitudes and perceptions of disability and disability sport. The researchers adopted an interpretivist ontology, where we attempted to make sense of our participants' interpretations of their lived experiences in the PSL. Data from 35 students were collected via focus group interviews and reflective essays, and analyzed inductively using a three-step approach. Three interrelated themes were constructed based on the analysis that were related to the participants' experience during the PSL event. In the first theme, 'My mindset definitely changed': The power of contact, participants described the manner in which PSL shifted their perspective on individuals with disabilities. The second theme, 'This moved me so much to be the change': A call to action, concerned participants desire to implement tangible, actionable intentions and plans as a result of participating in PSL. The third theme, 'They can shine as much as normal athletes': Expressions of ableism in the words of participants, depicts the ableist paradigm through which the participants ascribed meaning to their experience, showcasing an idealized notion of normal. These findings support assertions that participation in sport-based disability awareness programs can enhance participant knowledge, attitudes, and perspectives toward persons with disabilities and disability sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although music therapists are often members of the Individualized Education Program (IEP) team in educational settings, there is a lack of research exploring IEP members' perceptions of music therapy. The purpose of this interpretivist study was to understand the perceptions IEP team members have of music therapy in educational settings; 8 professionals from a single school district who had experience working with music therapists as part of the IEP team participated in an individual semi-structured interview. We used in-vivo coding, an inductive approach to thematic analysis, and member and peer checking. We identified 3 themes: (1) Music Therapy Is Beneficial and Unique, (2) Communication With the Music Therapist is Essential, and (3) Additional Access, Education, and Advocacy Are Needed. These themes were supported by 8 subthemes. Participants identified the relevance and integral role of music therapy in addition to the unique contributions music therapists had as part of the IEP team. Moreover, participants highlighted the importance of communication, continued education for IEP team members, and the need for additional access to music therapy services. Implications for clinical practice, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although there is empirical support for patient-preferred live music (PPLM) in addressing affective states and pain for adults in medical settings, there is a lack of data regarding why PPLM might be effective. Identifying the underlying processes and events of change mechanisms within PPLM has the potential to improve education and clinical training, distinguish music therapy from other music interventions, and augment treatment outcomes for service users. The practitioner's expertise constitutes a component of evidence-based practice and could be used to identify change mechanisms that result in PPLM being effective. Therefore, the purpose of this exploratory interpretivist study was to understand practitioners' perceptions of PPLM change mechanisms for adults in medical settings. I conducted in-depth individual semi-structured interviews with 10 practitioners who had provided protocol-based PPLM in adult medical settings as a component of published research projects. Incorporating member checking and trustworthiness, I used an inductive approach to thematic analysis to analyze data. I identified 3 major themes: Choices within PPLM, Music-based aspects of PPLM, and Positive outcomes resultant of PPLM. These themes were supported by 17 subthemes. The subthemes helped to explain relationships between results and I developed a visual model to conceptualize PPLM change mechanisms. While previous objectivist literature has found PPLM to be an effective intervention for adults in medical settings, the results of the current study provide an evidence-based and practitioner-centric approach to PPLM change mechanisms. Implications for clinical practice, limitations of the study, and suggestions for future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Co-production partnerships between policymakers, practitioners, and researchers are designed to facilitate production of relevant and readily usable research in health policy and practice contexts. We describe methodological strategies for in-depth collaborative analysis based on a co-produced ethnography of health promotion practice, involving ethnographic researchers and government-based research partners. We draw on a co-production dialogue to reflect critically on the role and value of co-analyzing research findings using thick ethnographic descriptions. The ambiguity of ethnographic imagery allowed flexibility in interpretation of findings and also generated friction. Specific ethnographic images became focal points for productive friction that crystallized ethical and analytical imperatives underpinning the diverse expertise in the team. To make the most of co-analysis of thick ethnographic descriptions, we assert that friction points must be reflexively considered as key learning opportunities for (a) higher order analysis informed by diverse analytical perspectives and (b) more cohesive and useful interpretations of research findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the impact of two pilot leadership development workshops. It tests the potential of an evidence and Place-based transformational Leadership Development (P-BLD) framework for building leader and leadership capabilities across sectors and for acting as a catalyst for collaborative action within an Intersectoral Urban Violence Prevention program (IUVP) in Nakuru County, Kenya. The P-BLD framework deliberately surfaces and works with the inherent tensions in intersectoral collaboration. By challenging assumptions, beliefs, attitudes and behaviours it has started to overcome a history of distrust and engender a mindset shift amongst participants. It is argued that the P-BLD framework and IUVP are mutually reinforcing which when merged have increased potential for developing an advanced state of collaboration, a stronger sense of common purpose and collective empowerment. The evidence from this research and practice demonstrates the validity of applying this approach to support peace builders in reducing violence across different countries and other policy areas where there is a shared intersectoral and territorial context. This strongly supports Lee et al.'s (2016: S24) contention that some of Latin America's most violent areas have achieved considerable reductions in urban violence by focusing on "places , people and behaviours" which means changing inter-relational attitudes and values. • Clear evidence that intersectoral and territorial based P-BLD and IUVP are mutually reinforcing. • Strong signs that participating leaders are taking first step towards a real shift in mind-sets. • Evidence of initiated trust building between traditionally opposed sectors. • Proof of first building blocks for collaborative understanding & collective action established. • Positive impact of applying P-BLD framework to challenging policy contexts in the Global South. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: South Africa is faced with a huge challenge of addressing the high burden of tuberculosis-human immune virus (TB-HIV) co-infection, and this challenge is more pronounced in the province of KwaZulu-Natal which has one of the highest burdens of TBHIV co-infection in the world. Aim: The study explored the experiences of doctors and nurses with regard to the management of tuberculosis and HIV co-infection in a TB-HIV high burden community in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The particular focus was to provide insight and to inform policy and programme development for effective management of TB-HIV coinfection in the TB-HIV high burden community of northern KwaZulu-Natal. Methods: An interpretivist exploratory qualitative approach was employed through individual semi-structured interviews of 16 participants comprising eight doctors and eight nurses, with a total interview time of 8.95 hours. Purposive sampling was used to select the doctors and nurses from the public and private sector of the TB-HIV high burden community of northern KwaZulu-Natal. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Results: Five key themes emerged from this study and these themes were discussed together with the sub-themes based on the various participant responses. The five key themes were practical experience about the management of TB-HIV co-infection; access to information and training on the management of TB-HIV co-infection; challenges and concerns about the management of TB-HIV co-infection; perception about local beliefs; and knowledge of policies and guidelines. Conclusion: Overall, this study highlights barriers that hamper the effective management of TB-HIV co-infection in northern KwaZulu-Natal. Recommendations of this study point towards an urgent need to scale up the management of TB-HIV co-infection through effective policies, improved capacity and infrastructure, stronger partnerships of all stakeholders, and further research.

Therapeutic alliance has been consistently linked to therapeutic outcome. Although music therapists often emphasize the role of music for developing therapeutic alliance when treating adults in mental health settings, there is a lack of research into how the therapeutic alliance is developed. The purpose of this exploratory interpretivist investigation was to understand how music therapists develop therapeutic alliance with adults in mental health settings. The investigator conducted semi-structured interviews with eight music therapists who worked with adults in health settings. Participants had between 1 and 29 years of clinical experience in various types of inpatient mental health facilities conducting both group-based and individual treatment, represented diverse philosophical orientations, and used a variety of interventions. Emerging themes and subthemes were identified though thematic analysis and member checking and trustworthiness used to verify results. Due to the clear differences in how participants described techniques to develop therapeutic alliance, 8 emerging themes, supported by 14 subthemes, were divided into music and non-music factors. As therapeutic alliance represents a crucial aspect of treatment and is linked to outcome, music therapy clinicians can use emerging themes and subthemes to help guide their interactions to expediently establish and augment therapeutic alliance with adults in mental health settings. Implications for clinical practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to understand the experiences of music therapy students working as camp counselors for individuals with ASD. We conducted semi-structured interviews with graduate and undergraduate students (N = 6) and used thematic analysis to analyze data. Three major themes and nine supporting subthemes emerged. The first theme, Various Differences, was supported by four subthemes: Despite having similar diagnoses, all campers are highly idiosyncratic; Success is different for each camper; Camp is unique as nobody is different because everybody is different; and Counselors have a unique and holistic relationship with campers. The second theme, Counselor Learning, was supported by three subthemes: Counselors experienced changed perspectives and learned from the campers; Counselors learned about and practiced techniques through music therapy observations; and Counselors gained confidence, patience, and experienced personal growth. The third theme, Positive Experience, was supported by two subthemes: Being a counselor for individuals with ASD is a rewarding experience; and Counselors had supportive relationships with their peers. Being a camp counselor for individuals with ASD was a uniquely positive learning experience that provided students with a deeper and more holistic understanding of ASD and themselves as prospective clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cross-cultural management research is often confined to the positivist tradition, which is archetypically illustrated by the seminal work of Hofstede. However, this gives an incomplete overview of the field to which three additional research paradigms contribute: interpretivist, postmodern, and critical. Our ambition is to raise awareness of the presence of multiple paradigms in cross-cultural management research. This meta-theoretical positioning allows researchers to consider the insights and contributions from the different paradigms.We aim to achieve this by presenting a brief overview of the state of the field in each paradigm, thus, stressing areas of studies that enrich our understanding of the interaction between culture and management (at the national, organizational, interpersonal, and individual levels). We then highlight the specific contributions of these four paradigms, drawing especially upon the postmodern and critical works, as they have been repeatedly overlooked in reviews. The article concludes by mentioning how more interactions between the paradigms can be developed and can lead to further knowledge development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Introduction to Music Therapy Research, edited by Barbara Wheeler and Kathleen Murphy, is a 20-chapter that provides overview of how research has been conceived and implemented in music therapy. The text is geared to those beginning their studies in music therapy and as such address all stages of research, beginning with foundational aspects like selection of a topic before moving to a more detailed presentation of specific research components like data analysis and interpretation of results. Objectivist (qualitative) and interpretivist (quantitative research) theoretical perspectives, methodologies, and methods are included in the book, as well as information on mixed methods research and important historical, ethical, and multicultural considerations.

South Africa is faced with a huge challenge of addressing the high burden of tuberculosis-human immune virus (TBHIV) co-infection, and this challenge is more pronounced in the province of KwaZulu-Natal which has one of the highest burdens of TB-HIV co-infection in the world. The study explored the experiences of doctors and nurses with regard to the management of tuberculosis and HIV coinfection in a TB-HIV high burden community in northern KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. The particular focus was to provide insight and to inform policy and programme development for effective management of TB-HIV co-infection in the TB-HIV high burden community of northern KwaZulu- Natal. An interpretivist exploratory qualitative approach was employed through individual semi-structured interviews of 16 participants comprising eight doctors and eight nurses, with a total interview time of 8.95 hours. Purposive sampling was used to select the doctors and nurses from the public and private sector of the TB-HIV high burden community of northern KwaZulu- Natal. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Five key themes emerged from this study and these themes were discussed together with the sub-themes based on the various participant responses. The five key themes were practical experience about the management of TB-HIV co-infection; access to information and training on the management of TB-HIV co-infection; challenges and concerns about the management of TB-HIV co-infection; perception about local beliefs; and knowledge of policies and guidelines. Overall, this study highlights barriers that hamper the effective management of TB-HIV co-infection in northern KwaZulu-Natal. Recommendations of this study point towards an urgent need to scale up the management of TB-HIV co-infection through effective policies, improved capacity and infrastructure, stronger partnerships of all stakeholders, and further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isaac Reed, like the great early work of Talcott Parsons, is focused on social action and continental theorization and largely blind to the broader American interactionist tradition. Absent are Blumer, Dewey, Mead, James (though Peirce appears fleetingly), or the more phenomenological tradition of Schutz or Garfinkel. Absent too is the relational theorizing of gender and race scholars. Given all that is in Reed, it is absurd to suggest that there isn’t enough. The point of this paper is different. It is simply that there are alternate important traditions that ethnographic work draws upon that might aid in pushing Reed’s arguments in different directions. I hope to show how an interactionalist perspective proves fruitful in moving us beyond some of the basic challenges of the classical tradition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turner's Three-Process Theory of Power together with Social Identity Theory (SIT) and Self-Categorization Theory (SCT) have been influential in social psychology to examine power-related behaviors. While positivist experimental and survey methods are common in social psychological studies, these approaches may not adequately consider Turner's constructs due to a comparative lack of ecological validity. Drawing on a methodology-focused review of the existing research of applying aspects of Turner's theory of power and SIT/SCT, the interpretivist case study approach by using interviews and other data collections is highlighted as an alternative and useful method to the application of Turner's framework. The applicability of the interpretive case study approach is further emphasized in comparison with the positivist experiments and surveys. This paper also discusses how this new way of exploration may allow us to understand Turner's work better. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose -- The purpose of this study is to gain insight into craft and do-it-yourself (DIY) communities of practice (COPs) and how the use of technology provides ways for participants to connect, share and create. Gaining deeper insights into the practices of these communities may provide new opportunities to utilise within this flourishing domain. Design/methodology/approach -- Qualitative methods were adopted to collect data and analysed through an interpretivist lens. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with members of craft and DIY COPs to gain a deep understanding of the broader ethnographic study. Existing theoretical perspectives surrounding COPs have been applied to further current perspectives. Findings -- Findings from this study suggest that being part of a COP allows participants to connect to others, build creative enterprise and learn or enhance skills. Insights gained from this study indicate some of the detailed ways in which the application of technology redefines craft and DIY COPs. Research limitations/implications -- This study provides a succinct exploration of a vast and fluid domain; if presented with more time and wider resources, the research would include further exploration of virtual COPs. Originality/value -- The investigation provides a rich insight into the use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) within craft and DIY COPs. The application of theoretical perspectives from the area of Information Systems (IS) and Technology Management to this domain is regarded as an original research and furthers knowledge in these areas. Originality/value -- The investigation provides a rich insight into the use of ICTs within craft and DIY COPs. The application of theoretical perspectives from the area of IS to the domain of craft and DIY culture is original research and extends existing concepts to include skills sharing as a previously unexplored domain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through attaining a small university grant, I was able to fund a studio recording project of original compositions written in music therapy sessions at a local mental health organization and then provide members with a CD release party to showcase their work. I was interested in exploring the members' experiences of songwriting, recording in a professional studio, and having a CD release party. I therefore conducted individual semi-structured interviews with two adult members who participated in the project and used an inductive approach to thematic analysis to analyze data. The participating music therapist verified the seven themes resultant of data analyses: Commitment to songwriting despite challenges; Valued collaborating with a professional musician and qualified music therapist; Anticipated future songwriting; Desire to deliver an inspirational message through songwriting; Songwriting benefits included pride, mood, self-expression, and accomplishment; Enjoyed the novel studio recording experience; and Positive experience at the CD release party. Emerging themes indicated that songwriting and recording were challenging yet rewarding experiences that the members took seriously. Implications for clinical practice, limitations, and suggestions for future research are provided. • I funded a recording project and release party for original compositions written in music therapy. • Participants were adults with mental health conditions living in the community. • I conducted individual semi-structured interviews with two adult participants. • I used an inductive approach to thematic analysis to analyze data. • The music therapist the verified six themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stranded in a philosophical position, qualitative research is fundamentally "Interpretivist" in the sense that it is concerned with how the social world is realized, interpreted, understood and experienced, or produced. Qualitative investigation based researches rummage around for answers to their questions in the realistic world. They congregate what they see, hear and read from the people and places and from events and activities and their main purposes are to learn about some aspects of the social world and to generate new understandings that can be used by that social world. Anthropological qualitative research is about the interpretation of social world especially of cultures and people's life-ways rather than seeking causal explanations for cultural practices. In anthropological writings as much attempt and consideration should be given to the organization of the scientiic paper and article as was given to the execution of the anthropological study, the writer should employ assorted techniques to make the belief, faith based qualitative anthropological study more and more empirical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents Val’s idiographic account of her life as a service-worker. Val’s oral history is important as it reminds service business academics not to dehumanise service-workers as part of their reified interpretations of human activities. Rarely is a service-worker’s personal interpretation of their world heard directly within management academia. Val’s personal account goes someway towards addressing this issue. She juggles the competing pressures of multiple life-worlds and demonstrates how their nature, boundary and importance are fluid depending upon her current construction of the situation. Her story as a service-worker provides insight into the complexity and sophistication of her interpretations and reminds us of the risks of reification and simplification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]