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Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the effect of intracameral preservative-free lignocaine (1%) on the dilatation of pupil while doing phacoemulsification surgery. Materials and Methods: A prospective study carried out on 21 patients in a tertiary care hospital. The pupil diameter was measured just before instilling intracameral preservative-free lignocaine, after 1 min and 5 min, respectively. Any mydriatic was not used either before or during the surgery. Effects were compared between male and female patients and between light- and dark-colored irides patients. Results: The diameter of pupil after instillation of intracameral lignocaine was significantly higher. The effect was more pronounced in light-colored irides. There was no difference in the pupillary diameter between both the sexes. Conclusion: Intracameral preservative-free 1% lignocaine has a fast and effective mydriatic property and with more studies, can be used as a safe alternative to topical and intracameral mydriatic while phacoemulsification.

Rajesh Subhash Joshi Department of Ophthalmology, Vasantrao Naik Government Medical College, Yavatmal, India Aim: To study the effect of intracameral injection of preservative-free lignocaine to induce pupil dilatation, without using any preoperative dilating eyedrops or intraoperative mydriatics in patients with age-related cataract associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Design: This was a prospective, observational, and interventional case series conducted at a tertiary eyecare center in rural India. Materials and methods: A total of 32 patients underwent phacoemulsification under topical anesthesia for visually significant cataract. Preoperative pupillary diameter was measured 3 days prior to surgical procedure under mydriatics (tropicamide 0.8%, phenylephrine hydrochloride 5%). Intraoperative pupillary dilatation was achieved by 1% intracameral lignocaine solution alone. Effective phacoemulsification time (EPT), total surgical time, and final pupillary diameter were recorded at the conclusion of surgery. Results: The average duration of diabetes was 11.2 (range 5–25) years. There was no difference in dilatation by preoperative pupil-dilating drops (5.2±0.5 mm, range 3–8.3 mm) and intracameral 1% lignocaine during the surgical procedure (P=0.63). There was a negative correlation (r=-0.92) between diabetes duration and dilatation of pupils with dilating drops and intracameral lignocaine. The duration of the surgery, EPT, and phacoemulsification chop had statistically insignificant effects on mydriasis, while the grade of the nucleus had a statistically significant effect on mydriasis. Intracameral lignocaine had no significant effect on blood pressure or pulse. There were no surgical complications that could have compromised the visual outcome. None of the patients developed macular edema in a follow-up period of 3 months; 28 patients (87.5%) had best-corrected visual acuity from 20/30 to 20/20. Conclusion: Intracameral lignocaine 1% provides sufficient mydriasis for the safe phacoemulsification of cataract in patients with type 2 diabetes of variable duration. Keywords: phacoemulsification, type 2 diabetes, intracameral lignocaine, topical anesthesia, intracameral mydriatic solution

The authors here describe manual small incision cataract surgery (MSICS) by using topical anesthesia with intracameral 0.5% lignocaine, which eliminates the hazards of local anesthesia, cuts down cost and time taken for the administration of local anesthesia. Aims: To evaluate the patients′ and surgeons′ experience in MSICS using topical anesthesia with intracameral lignocaine in terms of pain, surgical complications, and outcome. Settings and Design: Prospective interventional case series. Materials and Methods: Ninety-six patients of senile cataract were operated by MSICS under topical anesthesia with intracameral lignocaine using "fish hook technique." The patients and the single operating surgeon were given a questionnaire to evaluate their experience in terms of pain, surgical experience, and complications. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis software "Analyseit." Results: There were 96 patients enrolled in the study. The mean pain score was 0.7 (SD ± 0.97, range 0-5, median 0.0, and mode 0.0). Fifty-one patients (53%) had pain score of zero, that is, no pain. Ninety-one patients (~95%) had a score of less than 3, that is, mild pain to none. All the surgeries were complication-free except one and the surgeon′s experience was favorable in terms of patient′s cooperation, anterior chamber stability, difficulty, and complications. The ocular movements were not affected, and hence, the eye patch could be removed immediately following the surgery. Conclusions: MSICS can be performed under topical anesthesia with intracameral lignocaine, which makes the surgery patient friendly, without compromising the outcome.

Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of 0.5% intracameral lignocaine to 1% intracameral lignocaine prior to phacotrabeculectomy. Study Design: Prospective, comparative, observational, and interventional study. Setting: Tertiary eye care center in central India. Materials and Methods: This study was comprised of 79 patients (79 eyes) with primary open angle glaucoma scheduled for phacotrabeculectomy. Patients were assigned to 1 of 2 Groups receiving proparacaine 0.5% eye drops and 1% intracameral lignocaine just prior to phacotrabeculectomy (Group 1, n = 39) and 0.5% intracameral lignocaine after completion of phacoemulsification just prior to trabeculectomy (Group 2, n = 40). The visual analogue scale was used to record intraoperative and postoperative pain. Patient comfort, intraoperative painful sensations perceived by the patient, supplemental anesthesia, complications, and surgeon discomfort were noted. An anesthetist also noted the vital parameters and the requirement for intravenous medications. Results: There was no significant difference in the intraoperative pain score (P = 0.0733) or supplemental anesthesia (P = 0.372) between Groups. Postoperative pain score was statistically significant in Group 2 (P < 0.0001). The overall operating conditions in both Groups were comparable (P = 0.7389). A greater number of patients in Group 2 (88.57%) preferred the same anesthetic technique for combined surgery in the fellow eye. There was no difference in inadvertent eye movements and lid squeezing between Groups and they did not interfere with surgery. Conclusion: Topical anesthetic drops supplemented with 0.5% intracameral lignocaine before performing trabeculectomy is as effective as 1% intracameral lignocaine given at the beginning of phacotrabeculectomy for primary open angle glaucoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Purpose: To compare the efficacy of intracameral unpreserved lignocaine with placebo during cataract surgery under topical anaesthesia. Methods: One hundred and thirty-five consecutive cases undergoing clear corneal phacoemulsification were en­rolled in this single surgeon, prospective, double-masked, con­trolled trial. Patients were randomized into two groups, receiving either intracameral unpreserved lignocaine 1% or placebo (balanced salt solution). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, pulse rate and peripheral oxygen saturation were recorded preoperatively and during phacoemulsification. The level of intraoperative pain was assessed by a numerical analogue scale ranging between 0 (no pain) and 10 (unbearable pain). Data were compared by Student t -test. Results: Sixty-seven cases received lignocaine (group 1) and 68 received placebo (group 2). Average age was 75 years and 74 years, respectively. Systolic blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen saturation and pain score showed no statistical difference (P = 0.241, 0.542, 0.712, 0.237, respectively). Diastolic blood pressure showed a weakly significant change (P = 0.023). Patients reported minimal discomfort during surgery in both groups. Conclusion: This study found no additional benefit of intra­cameral unpreserved lignocaine when performing routine clear corneal phacoemulsification under topical anaesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]