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Bakgrund: För företag som håller lager är en viktig faktor för att lyckas öka effektiviteten att arbeta med lagerstyrning. Lagerstyrning handlar om planering och kontroll av lagret för att kunna serva kunderna och produktionen. Inom lagerstyrning är det viktigt att företag fattar beslut gällande vilken orderkvantitet som ska beställas samt när ordern ska läggas för att finnas tillgänglig på lagret vid rätt tidpunkt. Företag kan använda sig av säkerhetslager vid styrning av sitt lager för att försäkra sig om att de kan hantera osäkerheter i efterfrågan och produktion. Syfte: Syftet med studien är att utifrån analys av lagerstyrningsteori utforma en teoretisk lagerstyrningsmodell för att skapa förståelse för hur lageromsättningshastigheten kan öka. Vidare ska den framtagna modellen empiriskt appliceras på Sandviks produktionsavdelning i Svedalas aktuella artiklar för att identifiera möjliga förbättringar. Metod: Studien har genomförts som en fallstudie på Sandviks produktionsavdelning i Svedala baserat på en teoretisk framtagen lagerstyrningsmodell. Teoriinsamlingen till utformandet av den teoretiska lagerstyrningsmodellen har inhämtats via facklitteratur och vetenskapliga artiklar. Empiriinsamlingen har gjorts med hjälp av intervjuer och numerisk data. Både teori och empiri har sedan analyserats utifrån ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt. Avslutande kommentarer: Den framtagna teoretiska lagerstyrningsmodellen börjar med att presentera kriterier som påverkar lageromsättningshastigheten, sedan presenteras steg för att genomföra en ABC-klassificering och slutligen presenteras olika lagerstyrningsmetoder för att bestämma hur orderläggningen ska ske samt hur stortivsäkerhetslagret ska vara. Den teoretiska lagerstyrningsmodellen är pedagogisk och tydlig för att skapa förståelse hos företag om hur de kan öka sin lageromsättningshastighet. Lagerstyrningen som formades utifrån den teoretiska lagerstyrningsmodellen för Sandviks produktionsavdelning i Svedala bestod av orderläggningsmetoderna lot-for-lot, uppskattad orderkvantitet och täcktidplanering samt säkerhetslager baserat på manuella bedömningar och baserat på ledtidsförbrukningen. Med hjälp av denna lagerstyrning ska de proaktivt undvika föråldrat och långsamtgående lager i framtiden. Background: In order to increase the efficiency for companies that keep inventory, they need to work with inventory control. Inventory control regards planning and control of the inventory to increase customer and production service. Within inventory control, it is important that companies make decisions regarding the quantity to be ordered and when the order will be added to be available in the warehouse at the right time. Companies can use safety stock to ensure that they can deal with uncertainties in demand and production. Purpose: The purpose of this study is, based on analysis of inventory control theory, to design a theoretical model of inventory control to create an understanding for how the inventory turnover may increase. Furthermore, the theoretical model will be empirically applied to Sandvik's production department of Svedala's current articles to indicate improvements. Method: The study has been made as a case study at Sandvik´s production department in Svedala, based on a developed theoretical model of inventory control. Theory collection to the design of the theoretical model of inventory control has been obtained through professional literature and scientific articles. Empirical data has been collected through interviews and numerical data. Both theory and empirical data have been analyzed from a qualitative approach. Concluding remarks: The designed theoretical model of inventory includes criteria that affect inventory turnover, the steps to implement an ABC classification and various inventory control methods to determine how the placement of orders should be implemented and the amount of safety stock that should be held. The theoretical model vi of inventory control is pedagogical and clear to create an understanding regarding how companies can increase their inventory turnover. The inventory control that was formed for Sandvik´s production department in Svedala, on the basis of the theoretical model of inventory control, consisted of the ordering methods, lot-for-lot, estimated order quantity and cover-time planning. The methods for safety stock were safety stock based on manual assessments and on lead time consumptions. With this control Sandvik´s production department in Svedala, proactively can avoid obsolete and slow moving inventory in the future

The northern coast of the state of Rio de Janeiro harbors the largest coastal sandy plains (restingas) of southeastern Brazil, severely threatened due to recent human occupation. In this context, mammal inventories becomes urgent to support biodiversity conservation and management policies. This paper aims to update the knowledge on the mammalian species richness of Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park by analyzing pellets of the Barn owl Tyto furcata. The analyses of 4745 mammalian bone fragments (1739 individuals) revealed the occurrence of 17 species belonging to the orders Rodentia (9 spp.), Didelphimorphia (2 spp.) and Chiroptera (6 spp.). The rodents Mus musculus and Cerradomys goytaca accounted for 77.2% of the total individuals preyed, suggesting that the Barn owl hunts in both disturbed and natural open shrub formations. A compilation of previous records, together with those provided in the present study, indicates the occurrence of 44 species of mammals in the Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park, of which six (13.6%) were exclusively detected in pellets. These new records include species adapted to open formations of the interior of Brazil that were not previously reported in restingas on the basis of voucher-specimens, such as the rodents Necromys lasiurus and Calomys tener, the latter being recorded for the first time in the littoral of Rio de Janeiro state. This study underscores the importance of owl pellet analysis as a complementary and indispensable method for inventorying mammals. The results highlight the Restinga de Jurubatiba National Park as one of the restingas in Southeastern Brazil with the highest number of mammal species. O litoral norte do estado do Rio de Janeiro possui a maior planície deltaica recoberta por restingas do sudeste brasileiro, porém sob intensa ameaça devido è ocupação humana recente. Neste contexto, a realização de inventários torna-se urgente para fortalecer políticas de manejo e conservação ambiental. Esse trabalho teve como objetivo complementar inventários mastofaunísticos do Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba através da utilização de pelotas da coruja suindara Tyto furcata. A análise de 4745 fragmentos ósseos de mamíferos (1739 indivíduos) revelou a ocorrência de 17 espécies pertencentes ès ordens Rodentia (9 spp.), Didelphimorphia (2 spp.) e Chiroptera (6 spp.). Os roedores Mus musculus e Cerradomys goytaca foram responsáveis por 77,2% do total de indivíduos predados, sugerindo que a suindara caça tanto em ambientes peridomiciliares perturbados como em formações naturais arbustivas da restinga. A compilação de registros anteriores com os fornecidos pelo presente estudo indica a ocorrência de 44 espécies de mamíferos no Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, dentre as quais seis (13.6%) foram exclusivamente detectadas em pelotas. Dentre estes novos registros, destaca-se a presença de espécies adaptadas a formações abertas do interior do Brasil que não tinham sua ocorrência documentada em restingas a partir de espécimes-testemunho, como os roedores Necromys lasiurus e Calomys tener, esta última registrada pela primeira vez no litoral do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Esse estudo corrobora a importância das análises de pelotas de coruja como método complementar e imprescindível em inventários de mamíferos, além de destacar o Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba como uma das restingas mais ricas em espécies de mamíferos do sudeste brasileiro.

About 155 named species/subspecies of anurans, together with several caecilian species, reported from Borneo are considered to be valid, and at least 114 of these have been recorded from the state of Sabah, Malaysia. The general history of discovery of anuran fauna of Sabah from its beginning until now is outlined and the future of amphibian inventory in this state is discussed. From the curve of accumulated number of taxa, however, the number is expected to further increase and inventory will not be completed in the near future. In the past, accumulation of comparable materials led to the finding of several cryptic species. More recently, acoustic information greatly contributed to increment of records, and learning frog voices will prove a powerful tool to document local distribution as well as recognition of additional cryptic species. Another powerful method expected to contribute to compiling a more complete inventory is the biochemical method, such as analysis of mt DNA sequences. Applying these methods, a more intensive anuran inventory of Sabah should be made before the habitats of these animals are lost.

En los últimos años, la salvaguarda del patrimonio cultural intangible ha comenzado a ocupar un lugar destacado en la agenda de los Estados nacionales, aunque en Argentina aún no se han unificado criterios para su gestión. En este artículo se presentan los lineamientos generales para el desarrollo de una propuesta de registro del patrimonio cultural intangible, tomando como caso de estudio el municipio de Olavarría, provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina. Para ello se tuvieron en cuenta experiencias previas de inventarios efectuadas en el país y en el exterior. A través de este trabajo, se pretende hacer un aporte al desarrollo de metodologías aplicables a la gestión del patrimonio cultural intangible, que contribuyan a incrementar su visibilización y valoración social. In recent years, the safeguarding of intangible cultural heritage has begun to occupy a key position in the agenda of national States, although in Argentina there are still no unified criteria for its management. This paper presents general guidelines for the development of a proposal for the management of intangible cultural heritage, taking the municipality of Olavarría, Buenos Aires province, Argentina as a case study. In this paper, previous inventories carried out in the country and abroad were also taken into account. Through this analysis is intended to contribute to the development of new methodologies for the management of intangible cultural heritage which help to increase its visibility and social valuation. Keywords: intangible heritage, management, inventory methods, GIS.

(paper to appear in Global Change Biology Bioenergy); International audience; The use of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) as a comprehensive tool to assess environmental impacts of bioenergies is recommended. Nevertheless, several methodological points remain under debate, particularly regarding the feedstock production step, which is a key stage of bioenergy chains. The present work focuses on field emissions during feedstock production, improving assessment methods by the use of process-based models. To do so, a real bioenergy chain, the local feedstock supply for a boiler located in northern France, was studied. The LCA compares flax shives, (the reference) with four other biomass sources: Miscanthus, cereal straw, linseed straw and triticale as a whole plant. Six feedstock supply scenarios were also compared. The study aimed to test a new LCA methodology for agricultural chains by integrating local characteristics (such as climate, soil and crop management data) and using models to estimate field dynamics of pesticide emissions and soil organic carbon (SOC). Results showed flax shives and linseed straw had the lowest impacts, except for global warming: as a consequence, supply scenarios with the largest share of flax shives had the lowest impacts. For all selected impact categories, transportation and fertilization were the main contributors. SOC dynamics led to high C sequestration level (e.g.with Miscanthus) or to high CO2 emissions level (e.g. with flax shives), thus significantly influencing the global warming impact. Sensitivity analysis showed a large influence of allocation method (economic or mass-based). This study demonstrated the relevance of integrating simulation models using local data in agricultural LCAs, especially for dynamics of SOC and pesticide from fields. Moreover, this work brought scientific elements to support the choice of flax shives as the main biomass feedstock, and the ranking of the other sources as alternative biomass supplies for the boiler.

Large areas have been ditched in Sweden during the past 100 years to improve the forest production. Ditching and also maintenance of old ditches are operations having mainly negative effects on water quality, flora and fauna and changing characteristics of soil. The purpose of this study was to suggest a method for inventory of the need for ditching maintenance in old forest ditches that takes biodiversity, water protection and forest production into consideration. Inventory methods from five Swedish and Finnish forest companies, agencies and organisations were compared. Their employees were interviewed about their handling with ditches, forest production and nature conservation. The results show that there are four major questions that have to be answered in order to decide whether old ditches should be left as they are, maintained or if there are other operations that could be needed. First, it is important to know whether the original ditches has had an improving effect on forest production and second, what effect a cleaning of the ditch would have on the growth at present. The third and fourth theme that has to be valued is what the effects could be on biodiversity and the environment and all this has to be weighted together. Maintenance of old ditches is a complex subject. It is of major concern to have a comprehensive view and to look outside the specific object for eventual causes and effects. A method for inventory of need for ditching maintenance is a good tool in the planning.

Le mobilier et les objets religieux du XIXe siècle sont étudiés dans le cadre des enquêtes topographiques menées par les services de l’Inventaire général du patrimoine culturel. Des critères de sélection, établis dans les années 90, communs aux chercheurs des équipes patrimoniales du ministère de la Culture, ont permis de différencier ce qui méritait d’être sélectionné en tant qu’unicum par l’Inventaire, et donc éventuellement d’être protégé par les Monuments historiques, de ce qui relevait d’une simple étude documentaire (fiche minimale). Les mêmes critères restent-ils pertinents pour la production du XXe siècle, au-delà des années 1920 ? D’autres notions liées à la fragilité du matériau - rendant l’objet éphémère -, à sa création, à son esthétique sont sans doute à prendre en compte pour sélectionner les objets religieux de la seconde moitié du XXe siècle. Le contenu des notices de la base Palissy devrait aussi pouvoir refléter l’impact du concile Vatican II sur le patrimoine mobilier postérieur aux années 60/70.The religious furnishings and artefacts of the 19th century are studied in France in course of the topographical inquiries carried out by the general inventory services in the regions. Selection criteria established in the 1990s provide guidelines for the research teams as to what was worth selecting for documentation as unique objects, possibly worthy of statutory protection, and what could be simply documented using core data (fiche minimum). But the same criteria are not necessarily applicable to the religious furnishings and artefacts of the 20th century, and after 1920 in particular. New notions to do with the fragility of the material with which the work is made, making the objects ephemeral, the creation of the object and its particular aesthetics are perhaps to be taken into account where the religious objects of the second half of the 20th century are concerned. The documentary notices included in the Palissy database should also be capable of reflecting the impact of the Vatican II Council and the novelties of the 1960s and 1970s.