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Autogenous grafts remain the "gold standard" in bone tissue grafting procedures; however, limitations such as donor site morbidity, invasiveness, and limited availability have spurred research into alternative materials. Hydroxyapatite (HA), a widely used bioceramic, is known for its bioactivity and biocompatibility. Nonetheless, its inherent brittleness and porosity necessitate modifications to enhance its mechanical and functional properties. Ionic doping has emerged as a transformative strategy to improve the properties of HA by integrating ions such as strontium (Sr2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and zinc (Zn2+). These dopants influence HA's crystal structure, morphology, and solubility, resulting in enhanced bioactivity, accelerated bone mineralization, and improved mechanical properties, such as increased fracture resistance and wear durability. Additionally, antimicrobial properties can be achieved through the inclusion of silver ions (Ag+), reducing the risk of peri-implant infections. This review focuses on the effects of ionic doping on the structure and functionality of hydroxyapatite, emphasizing advancements in tailoring its properties to clinical needs. By consolidating two decades of research, this study highlights how ionic doping bridges the gap between synthetic biomaterials and native bone, unlocking new potential in regenerative medicine and orthopedic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydroxyapatite (HA) is widely used in biomedical and tissue engineering due to its bioactivity and biocompatibility. Ion doping of HA can improve mechanical, chemical or biological properties, and compositing with other materials can empower the material additional properties such as photocatalytic, photothermal, et al. The incorporation of Ga3+ can further increasse the bioactivity and antimicrobial activity of HA, and polydopamine (PDA) has excellent photothermal conversion ability as a photothermal material, which is widely used in anti-tumor and antimicrobial applications. In this study, GaHA (Ga-doped HA) with different doping amounts and different pH hydrothermal environments was prepared by hydrothermal method, and then GaHA@PDA composites were synthesized by coating GaHA with PDA to realize the synergistic antimicrobial effect of Ga3+ and PDA. The findings demonstrated that the doping level of Ga3+ and surface shape were influenced by the pH and Ga3+ concentration of the gallium-containing solution. At a pH of 13, the doping amount of Ga3+ in short rod nanoparticles gradually decreases with increasing pH during preparation. Meanwhile the mass fraction of HA is increased from 6.7 to 100%. 1GaHA@PDA has the best photothermal performance. Under the suitable conditions, the solution temperature reach 50 °C, and its photothermal conversion efficiency is high up to 41.2%. And it has good cycle stability. Subsequent in vitro antimicrobial and cellular experiments showed that the prepared GaHA@PDA composites had an antimicrobial rate of more than 99% and no significant cytotoxicity. It shows good biocompatibility and antimicrobial ability. It has promising application prospects in the fields of photothermal antimicrobial and biomedicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CdSiO 3 , with its distinctive crystal structure, has become a subject of considerable interest as a potential silicate host for long persistent luminescence (LPL) phosphors. However, in most cases, impurity phases in the host adversely affect the persistent luminescence (PersL) performance. Furthermore, there is still a lack of insightful understanding regarding the role of non-rare-earth (non-RE) In3+ ions in the enhanced blue PersL of CdSiO 3. Here, pure-phase monoclinic CdSiO 3 phosphor is synthesized through a solid-state reaction method and the intense blue PersL is achieved by aliovalent doping of In3+. Combining experimental results with theoretical calculation, we reveal that the intrinsic defects of O and Cd vacancies in CdSiO 3 are the trap centers for excited electrons and holes, respectively. In3+ doping adjusts the distribution and increases the density of intrinsic defect-related traps, thus producing the intense blue PersL in CdSiO 3 :In3+. Moreover, the generality of In3+ in enhancing the PersL properties is validated in CdSiO 3 :Mn2+,In3+ and CdSiO 3 :RE3+,In3+ (RE = Tb, Dy, Pr, Sm, Eu) phosphors, enriching the spectrum of PersL emission colors. Encouraged by the outstanding optical properties of CdSiO 3 :Mn2+,In3+, we demonstrate dual-mode information storage-reading and dynamic information encryption applications. This advancement opens new avenues for the application of optical information security. This work emphasizes the key role of In3+ in adjusting the distribution and increasing the density of intrinsic defect-related traps. Consequently, it reveals a clear mechanism for enhancing PersL through In3+ doping and expands the range of LPL phosphors with broad spectral selectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) hold significant promise in energy storage devices due to their low cost and abundant resources. Layered transition metal oxide cathodes (NaxTMO2, TM = Ni, Mn, Fe, etc.), owing to their high theoretical capacities and straightforward synthesis procedures, are emerging as the most promising cathode materials for SIBs. However, the practical application of the NaxTMO2 cathode is hindered by an unstable interface, causing rapid capacity decay. This work reviewed the critical factors affecting the interfacial stability and degradation mechanisms of NaxTMO2, including air sensitivity and the migration and dissolution of TM ions, which are compounded by the loss of lattice oxygen. Furthermore, the mainstream interface modification approaches for improving electrochemical performance are summarized, including element doping, surface engineering, electrolyte optimization, and so on. Finally, the future developmental directions of these layered NaxTMO2 cathodes are concluded. This review is meant to shed light on the design of superior cathodes for high-performance SIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The doped Na+ ions as pillars diminish the alteration of the crystal lattice during electrochemical cycling. • The formation of surface oxygen vacancies induced by Na+ doping enhances the interface stability. • The doped Na+ ions result in the much higher utilization of Li 2 MnO 3. Structure engineering of the Li-rich layered cathodes to overcome insufficient structural stability and the rapid decay of capacity and voltage is crucial for commercializing of the materials for the lithium-ion batteries. Alkali metal element doping at the lithium sites has proven to be a feasible approach to boost the performance of the Li-rich layered oxides. Herein, the Na+-doping strategy in the lithium slabs is introduced to modify the structure of the cobalt-free layered Li-rich oxide, Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.6 O 2. It is revealed that the doped Na+ ions can promote the activation of the Li 2 MnO 3 phase, endowing the materials with high initial discharge capacity of 284.2 mAh g−1 at 0.1C. Due to the pillaring effect of the doped Na+ ions in the lithium slabs and the induced formation of oxygen vacancies, the electrochemical stability of the material is significantly improved, providing a capacity retention of 94.0 % after 100 cycles at 0.5C. The voltage decay per cycle is only 2.0 mV, less than 3.2 mV of the Li 1.2 Ni 0.2 Mn 0.6 O 2. The results suggest that the facile strategy of introducing Na+ ions into the lithium slabs is an efficient approach for optimizing structure design of the Li-rich layered oxides for the lithium-ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Nickel‐based layered transition metal oxide cathode represented by NCM (LiNixCoyMnzO2, x+y+z=1) and NCA (LiNixCoyAlzO2, x+y+z=1) is widely used in the electric vehicle market due to its specific capacity and high working potential, in which Cobalt (Co) plays a huge role in improving the structural stability during the cycle. However, the limited supply of Co, due to its scarcity and the influence of geopolitics, poses a significant constraint on the further advancement of the Nickel‐based layered transition metal oxide cathode in the field of energy storage. In this paper, the mechanism of Co in the Nickel‐based layered transition metal oxides is reviewed, including its critical role for structural stability such as the inhibition of cationic mixing and the release of lattice oxygen et al. Subsequently, it outlines various strategies to enhance the performance of Co‐lean/free materials, such as ion doping, including single‐ion doping and multi‐ion co‐doping, and various surface coating strategies, so as to eliminate the adverse effects of Co loss on materials. Ultimately, this paper offers a glimpse into the promising future of Cobalt‐free strategies for high performance of Nickel‐based layered transition metal oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work, cathode materials of Ba0.5Sr0.5(Co1-xMgx)0.2Fe0.8O3 system (x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1) have been produced and the effect of magnesium (Mg) doping level on cathode performance with Gadolinium doped Cerium (GDC) electrolyte was investigated. The polarisation resistance (RP) for cathode symmetric cells was measured from 600°C to 700°C under open circuit state. At 700 °C, the polarisation resistance of BSCF is 13.96 ohm-cm2 and with the addition of Mg it has decreased to 5.17 ohm-cm2. Further increase in the Mg concentration decreased the polarisation resistance up to 0.34 ohm-cm2, which is the minimum value obtained in the composition BSCMF8. It is observed that charge transfer (CT) is more in the case of Mg-rich compositions. With the increase of magnesium concentration in the cathode, RP value was observed as decreased. This is due to the high oxygen permeation flux behaviour of magnesium, which is in the B-site of the cathode. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) of BSCF is measured to be 22.1 × 10−6/K and decreased to 17.45 × 10−6/K with Mg addition in the composition to BSCMF8, due to the constant oxidation state of Mg by which it suppressed the chemical expansion caused by Co. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SrTiO 3 paraelectric materials exhibit significant potential to be used as lead-free energy storage dielectrics due to their distinctive linear-like polarization behavior. Nonetheless, the application in advanced thin-film capacitors is challenging due to their low polarization strength and structural anomalies, which reduce the breakdown field strength and diminish the energy storage density. This study proposes a synergistic approach that integrates ion doping with the optimization of thermal treatment to enhance the energy storage capabilities of SrTiO 3 thin films. Initially, Mn2+ doping in SrTiO 3 films mitigates oxygen vacancies and forms Mn2+-V O •• defect dipoles, thereby refining the polarization behavior and reducing the leakage current density. Subsequently, the crystalline degree of SrTi 0.99 Mn 0.01 O 3 thin films can be regulated by adjusting the annealing temperature. The optimal breakdown field strength of the resultant SrTi 0.99 Mn 0.01 O 3 films reaches 4681 kV/cm with a 1 mol% Mn2+ doping level, enhancing the recoverable energy storage density (W rec) to 32.17 J/cm3. Furthermore, the recoverable energy storage density of SrTi 0.99 Mn 0.01 O 3 films escalates to 36.62 J/cm3 with an efficiency of 80.28 %, upon reducing the annealing temperature to 625 °C. Moreover, SrTi 0.99 Mn 0.01 O 3 films demonstrate superior thermal stability, frequency stability, and electrical fatigue resistance, underscoring their potential as efficacious materials for film capacitor applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work focuses on combating bacterial infections in bone tissue using metal elements embedded in bioactive glass. While there is an urgent need for alternative methods with a shrinking number of effective treatment options untouched by antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial to first understand the mechanisms of pathogenesis, persistence, and bacterial resistance in skeletal infection, and then develop effective counterstrategies and innovative alternatives. This review considers the role of antimicrobial metal ions, their mechanism of action, and their incorporation into bioactive glass formulations as these materials can serve as delivery platforms with the least possible complexities. Furthermore, the bacterial infection risk in bone is also examined with specific attention to antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. This review sheds light on the most promising materials as novel antibacterial agents by presenting a wide range of possible bioactive glass formulations equipped with potential antibacterial ions and in vitro/ in vivo insights, and it also reinforces the importance of continuing studies to develop multi‐faceted antibacterial bioactive glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead-free ferroelectric thin film capacitors offering superb power density and fast charge-discharge rates are ideal for energy storage applications. However, the trade-off relationship between polarization strength and breakdown strength significantly hinders the improvement of energy storage performance. In this work, relaxor-ferroelectric Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 (NBT) thin films have been deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrate via sol-gel method. First, the energy storage performance of the films is optimized by adjusting the annealing temperature. It is found that the NBT film annealed at 650 °C has both excellent breakdown strength and polarization strength. Then the influence of ion doping on the energy storage performance of NBT films has been studied. An excellent energy storage density of 42.1 J/cm3 and efficiency of 55.8 % are simultaneously achieved in the 2 % Mn-NBT thin film. Additionally, the energy storage performance remains stable within the temperature range of 25–180 °C and frequency range of 500–5000 Hz. The energy storage performance of 2 % Mn-NBT thin film did not decrease significantly after 107 electrical cycles. It is predicted that this work will advance the utilization of Na 0.5 Bi 0.5 TiO 3 -based film capacitors in energy storage systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Belite silicate cement was prepared by partially replacing high-quality limestone with low-grade limestone. The high-temperature, high-activity crystalline form of the belite mineral phase in cement clinker was stabilized by ionic doping modification. The composition of the cement mineral phase was analyzed using the X-ray diffraction (XRD) -Rietveld refinement method, and studying the hydration products and compressive strength of the cement. The results showed that the decomposition temperature of low-grade limestone is lower than that of high-quality limestone. Belite silicate cement prepared with a ratio of 1-2 between low-grade and high-quality limestone, with clinker mineral phases of C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF, and f-CaO content ranging from 0.8% to 1.2%; Doping BaCO3, B2O3, MnO, and P3O5 all have a certain activating effect on C2S, which can promote the formation of α-C2S and improve hydration activity. When 0.6% B2O3 is added, the activation effect is better. The compressive strength of cement doped with 2.5% BaCO3 at 3 and 28 days increased by 12.3 and 8.7 MPa, respectively, compared to the control group without ion doping; The development of mechanical strength is promoted by the ettringite (AFt) and hydrated calcium silicate (C-S-H) gel generated from the hydration of Belite Portland cement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract NASICON (Na $$_{1+x}$$ 1 + x Zr $$_2$$ 2 Si $$_x$$ x P $$_{3-x}$$ 3 - x O $$_{12}$$ 12 ) is a well-established solid-state electrolyte, renowned for its high ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability, rendering it a promising candidate for solid-state batteries. However, the intricate influence of ion doping on their performance has been a central focus of research, with existing studies often lacking comprehensive evaluation methods. This study introduces a deep-learning-based approach to efficiently evaluate ion-doped NASICON materials. We developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model capable of predicting the performance of various ion-doped NASICON compounds by leveraging extensive datasets from prior experimental investigation. The model demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency in predicting ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties. Key findings include the successful synthesis and validation of three NASICON materials predicted by the model, with experimental results closely matching the model’s predictions. This research not only enhances the understanding of ion-doping effects in NASICON materials but also establishes a robust framework for material design and practical applications. It bridges the gap between theoretical predictions and experimental validations. Graphical Abstract

Self‐trapped excitons (STEs) of lead‐free perovskites have aroused tremendous interest in remote optical thermometry due to strong exciton–phonon coupling and large Stokes shifts. Herein, a bright multimodal and multiplexed optical thermometer is constructed with high sensitivity (Sr) and self‐calibrating ability based on Cs2NaInCl6:Er3+ double perovskite, allowing for fast and simplified reading via mobile devices. Intriguingly, Er3+ doping not only shows the characteristic green emissions but also introduces nanoelectronic domains through a new localized valance band maximum and breaks the symmetry of In3+ site, which facilitates the generation of more STEs. The temperature‐sensitive blue emission of STEs and temperature‐insensitive green emission of Er3+ endow multimodal optical thermometry including time‐resolved and ratiometric readout schemes with a maximum Sr of 3.8% K−1, where an upconversion primary thermometry serves as a reference to calibrate other modes. Meanwhile, the designed thermometers show robust photostability, repeatability, and structural stability for long‐time working and storage. In addition, the remarkable thermochromic phenomenon from blue to green enables a quick color‐multiplexed thermography on a smartphone, which is utilized to capture real‐time 2D thermal imaging of microelectronic devices. This work demonstrates the great potential of lead‐free double perovskite for low‐cost and portable optical thermometry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

NASICON (Na 1 + x Zr 2 Si x P 3 - x O 12 ) is a well-established solid-state electrolyte, renowned for its high ionic conductivity and excellent chemical stability, rendering it a promising candidate for solid-state batteries. However, the intricate influence of ion doping on their performance has been a central focus of research, with existing studies often lacking comprehensive evaluation methods. This study introduces a deep-learning-based approach to efficiently evaluate ion-doped NASICON materials. We developed a convolutional neural network (CNN) model capable of predicting the performance of various ion-doped NASICON compounds by leveraging extensive datasets from prior experimental investigation. The model demonstrated high accuracy and efficiency in predicting ionic conductivity and electrochemical properties. Key findings include the successful synthesis and validation of three NASICON materials predicted by the model, with experimental results closely matching the model's predictions. This research not only enhances the understanding of ion-doping effects in NASICON materials but also establishes a robust framework for material design and practical applications. It bridges the gap between theoretical predictions and experimental validations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D materials have garnered significant attention owing to their substantial potential across various applications, including thin‐film electronics, optoelectronics, and sensor devices, particularly, the synthesis and deposition methods of the 2D materials are crucial. In this study, thin films of tin disulfide (SnS2), a layer‐structured metal dichalcogenide, are deposited on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate through a spin‐coating process to prepare a sandwich‐structured resistive switching (RS) device (ITO/SnS2/ITO) by following magnetron sputtering of ITO as top electrode. Notably, the solution‐phased spin‐coating deposition method provides an efficient approach to enhance device performance through ion doping. By incorporating calcium ions (Ca2+), the devices exhibit the potential to achieve outstanding resistive switching performance and synapse functionality. With a DC sweep, an on/off resistance ratio exceeding 100 can be sustained without degradation for up to 5000 cycles. Furthermore, the devices exhibit diverse synaptic functions, including short‐term and long‐term plasticity (STP, LTP) in both potentiation and depression processes, spike‐timing‐dependent plasticity (STDP), and paired‐pulse facilitation (PPF). The transition in electrical resistance and synaptic function can be attributed to the migration of doped Ca2+ along the grain boundary and interlayer space of layer‐structured SnS2 films. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-nickel ternary cathode materials have received extensive attention from researchers due to their advantages, including high energy density, high voltage plateau, and non-memory effect. However, limited by its deficiencies such as poor cycling stability, cations disordering, and poor thermal stability, there remains necessity for extensive and comprehensive research on high-nickel ternary cathodes. This paper focuses on the deficiencies of high nickel ternary cathode materials, and summarized recent advances in modification approaches, encompassing ions doping, surface coating, concentration gradient, co-modification, electrolyte modification and structure regulation in recent years, while also discussing and providing prospects for future research directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of biogenic calcium ions for the source of hydroxyapatite (HAp or HA) are very common and have been being explored extensively. However, it usually results high crystalline HA, due to high reaction and decomposition temperatures. In this study, strontium (Sr2+) doped HA from the golden apple snail shells (Pomacea canaliculate L) was successfully synthesized. It was indicated that Sr ions completely replaced calcium (Ca) ions, increased the lattice constant, and consecutively reduced HA crystallinity. Smaller crystal size and ß-type carbonate (CO3 2-) ions substitution with Ca/P close to 1.67 molar ratio that mimic bone crystals were observed in Sr-doped HA, with significant increased rate of MC3T3-E1 cells viability and higher IC50 values. It was proven that Sr ions substitution resolved challenges on the use of biogenic sources for HA fabrication. Further in vivo study is needed to continue to valorise the results into real biomedical and clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doping of brushite cements with metal ions can entail many positive effects on biological and physicochemical properties. Cu2+ ions are known to exhibit antibacterial properties and can additionally have different positive effects on cells as trace elements, whereas high Cu2+ concentrations are cytotoxic. For therapeutical applications of bone cement, a combination of good biocompatibility and sufficient mechanical properties is required. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate different physicochemical and biological aspects, relevant for application, of a brushite cement with Cu2+‐doped β‐tricalcium phosphate, monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and phytic acid as setting retarder. Additionally, the ion release was compared with a cement with citric acid as setting retarder. The investigated cements showed good injectability coefficients, as well as compressive strength values sufficient for application. Furthermore, no antibacterial effects were detected irrespective of the Cu2+ concentration or the bacterial strain. The cell experiments with eluate samples showed that the viability of MC3T3‐E1 cells tended to decrease with increasing Cu2+ concentration in the cement. It is suggested that these biological responses are caused by the difference in the Cu2+ release from the hardened cement depending on the solvent medium. Furthermore, the cements showed a steady release of Cu2+ ions to a lesser extent in comparison with a cement with citric acid as setting retarder, where a burst release of Cu2+ was observed. In conclusion, despite the anticipated antibacterial effect of Cu2+‐doped cements was lacking and mammalian cell viability was slightly affected, Cu2+‐concentrations maintained the physicochemical properties as well as the compressive strength of cements and the slow ion release from cements produced with phytic acid is considered advantageous compared to citric acid‐based formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Na0.67Ni0.33Mn0.67O2 (NNMO) is one of the most promising cathodes for Sodium‐ion batteries. However, due to undesired P2−O2 phase transition at high voltage during Na+ extraction, its cyclic stability and coulomb efficiency are greatly adversely affected. Herein, electrochemically active Fe3+ ions substituted Na0.67Ni0.23Fe0.1Mn0.67O2 samples were prepared by both sol‐gel method (NNFMO‐SG) and solid phase method (NNFMO‐SP). It has been found that Fe substitution can suppress P2−O2 phase transition with a stable P2 phase during charging and discharging. Additionally, it also suppresses Na+/vacancy ordering, expands the slab‐spacing of the structure and improves the reversibility of the redox of anions. Owing to the combined advantages, NNFMO‐SG material exhibits the enhanced rate capability (70.1 mAh/g at 1000 mA/g) and excellent cycling stability (75.3 % capacity retention after 100 cycles at 200 mA/g). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a promising cathode material, olivine-structured LiMnPO4 holds enormous potential for lithium-ion batteries. Herein, we demonstrate a green biomass-derived phytic-acid-assisted method to synthesize a series of LiMn1−xFexPO4/C composites. The effect of Fe doping on the crystal structure and morphology of LiMnPO4 particles is investigated. It is revealed that the optimal Fe doping amount of x = 0.2 enables a substantial enhancement of interfacial charge transfer ability and Li+ ion diffusion kinetics. Consequently, a large reversible capacity output of 146 mAh g−1 at 0.05 C and a high rate capacity of 77 mAh g−1 at 2 C were acquired by the as-optimized LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C cathode. Moreover, the LiMn0.8Fe0.2PO4/C delivered a specific capacity of 68 mAh g−1 at 2 C after 500 cycles, with a capacity retention of 88.4%. This work will unveil a green synthesis route for advancing phosphate cathode materials toward practical implementation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

LaNiO 3 is considered electromagnetic wave-absorbing material owing to its unique crystal structure and controllable dielectric constant. However, the effect of ion doping modification on microwave absorption performance remains to be thoroughly investigated. In this study, LaNi 1− x Ba x O 3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06) was prepared through sol-gel methods. The reflection loss (RL) of the sample in the 2−18 GHz band was calculated using transmission line theory. Specifically, LaNi 0.96 Ba 0.04 O 3 exhibited superior results, with an RL value of −34.54 dB at d = 3 mm and f = 6.80 GHz, indicating effective absorption within the C-band. These results suggest that adding an appropriate amount of Ba ions to the material can effectively regulate the electromagnetic parameters and optimize impedance matching. Introducing Ba ions into the crystal interior produces abundant defects, which provide active sites for multipolarization and ultimately improve the wave-absorbing properties of the material. In addition, radar cross section(RCS) simulations simulation after coating the samples on original ideal conductor (PEC) substrates provide support for potential practical applications of the material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO4) has been considered as promising cathode material for electric vehicles and energy storage. However, its durability and capability still face challenges. The first‐principles calculations are a powerful tool to explore the fundamentals of LiMnPO4 cathode materials. Hereby, the recent advances and prospects in the application of first‐principles calculations boosting LiMnPO4 cathode material for lithium‐ion batteries are analyzed and reviewed. Based on the results from density functional theory calculation and experimental research verification, the micromechanism research progress of the influence of ion doping on the electronic conductivity, lithium‐ion diffusion, working voltage, and stability of LiMnPO4 are summarized in detail. On top of a brief outlook, further elaboration is made on the direction of continuing relevant research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BiFeO3 (BFO), Mn-doped-BFO (BFMO), Ti-doped-BFO (BFTO), and (Mn,Ti)-codoped-BFO (BFMTO) thin films are fabricated on the Pt/TiO2/SiO2/Si substrates via a sol–gel method combined with spin-coating and the subsequent layer-by-layer annealing technique. Compared with BFO film, the BFMTO film exhibits the lowest leakage current density (∼ 1 0 − 4 A/cm2@290 kV/cm). Notably, the polarization–electric field (P–E) loop of BFMTO film exhibits a positive displacement along the x-axis due to the existence of internal bias electric field, which is in agreement with the results of the PFM phase and amplitude curves. Especially, a very prominent inverse piezoelectric constant of d 3 3 ∼ 1 6 0 pm/V was obtained, which overcomes other related thin films. The internal bias electric field of BFMTO film can be caused by the different work functions of the thin film and the bottom electrode, accumulation of oxygen vacancies and the formation of defect dipoles. Besides, the internal bias electric field of BFMTO film has a good stability at the same electric field after experiencing the test cycle from low electric field to high electric field (400–1900 kV/cm). These results indicate that self-polarized BFMTO film can be integrated to devices without additional polarization process, and have a wide range of application in microelectromechanical systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lanthanide‐doped fluoride nanoscintillators (NSs) have emerged as promising candidates for X‐ray imaging. However, strong afterglow, long lifetime, and poor irradiation stability pose key challenges for real‐time dynamic X‐ray imaging. In this study, the sub‐10 nm Lu6O5F8:Tb NSs with tunable morphologies are prepared via incorporating Li+/Na+ ions. The X‐ray excited optical luminescence (XEOL) intensity of the Lu6O5F8:15Tb/10Li NSs is stronger than that of NaLuF4:15 Tb NSs with a similar particle size while its afterglow is only ≈2.7% compared to that of NaLuF4:15 Tb NSs. Utilizing the Lu6O5F8:15 Tb/10Li NSs‐integrated film as a scintillator screen, a high resolution of ≈21.6 lp/mm is achieved. Even at a low dose of 0.23 µGy, the fringe detail in the electron device is clearly observed in the X‐ray image. The afterglow intensity of the Lu6O5F8:10Eu/10Li NSs decays to 0.7% at 40 µs, which is better than that of CsI:Tl (3.6%@40 µs). Moreover, the Lu6O5F8:10Eu/10Li NSs with a lifetime of 1.65 µs are verified for use in dynamic 3D X‐ray imaging. These findings represent a significant advancement in the development of new NSs for high‐performance dynamic X‐ray imaging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This work focuses on combating bacterial infections in bone tissue using metal elements embedded in bioactive glass. While there is an urgent need for alternative methods with a shrinking number of effective treatment options untouched by antimicrobial resistance, it is crucial to first understand the mechanisms of pathogenesis, persistence, and bacterial resistance in skeletal infection, and then develop effective counterstrategies and innovative alternatives. This review considers the role of antimicrobial metal ions, their mechanism of action, and their incorporation into bioactive glass formulations as these materials can serve as delivery platforms with the least possible complexities. Furthermore, the bacterial infection risk in bone is also examined with specific attention to antibiotic resistance and biofilm formation. This review sheds light on the most promising materials as novel antibacterial agents by presenting a wide range of possible bioactive glass formulations equipped with potential antibacterial ions and in vitro/ in vivo insights, and it also reinforces the importance of continuing studies to develop multi‐faceted antibacterial bioactive glasses.

Piezoelectric acceleration sensors are used for monitoring the vibration state of high-temperature components of some important technical equipment, such as aero engines and heavy gas turbines. These sensors require a high Curie temperature piezoelectric ceramic as a sensitive element, and "lead-free"electronic components are an urgent requirement for environmental protection. Gd/Mn co-doped high-temperature lead-free piezoelectric ceramics((0.67BiFeO3-0.33Ba1-xGdxTiO3)+0.5%(mass fraction)MnO2, x=0-0.02, BF-BT) were prepared by a traditional solid-state reaction process. The effects of doping concentration x of Gd3+ on the phase composition, microstructure, piezoelectric property, dielectric relaxation behavior and AC impedance characteristic of BF-BTceramics were investigated. The results show that all samples have pure perovskite structure with coexistence of tripartite phase (R) and tetragonal phase (T), and the T phase content increases with the increasing Gd3+ doping concentration. Moderate amount(x < 0.02)of Gd3+ dopant diffusing into the perovskite lattice would also promote the grain growth of BF-BT ceramics. Gd3+ doped samples exhibit enhanced relaxation phase transition behavior. The phase transition temperature (Tm) decreases with the increase of x, while the dielectric relaxation degree (ΔTrelax) increases with the increase of x. The R-CPE equivalent circuit model has been utilized to match the complex impedance spectra(Cole-Cole diagrams) of the BF-BTceramics, indicating that the AC impedance of samples at high temperature is mainly contributed by the grain boundary. The activation energy of dielectric relaxation increases with the increasing Gd3+ doping concentration, demonstrating the substitution of Gd3+ for Ba2+ can reduce the donor doping effect.In general, when x=0.01, the sample exhibits the optimized electrical properties, including TC=425 ℃, d33=126 pC/N, kp=25.9%, and tanδ=0.059. The Gd3+ doped BF-BTceramics are expected to be used as a promising high-temperature piezoelectric material.

Autogenous grafts remain the “gold standard” in bone tissue grafting procedures; however, limitations such as donor site morbidity, invasiveness, and limited availability have spurred research into alternative materials. Hydroxyapatite (HA), a widely used bioceramic, is known for its bioactivity and biocompatibility. Nonetheless, its inherent brittleness and porosity necessitate modifications to enhance its mechanical and functional properties. Ionic doping has emerged as a transformative strategy to improve the properties of HA by integrating ions such as strontium (Sr2+), magnesium (Mg2+), and zinc (Zn2+). These dopants influence HA’s crystal structure, morphology, and solubility, resulting in enhanced bioactivity, accelerated bone mineralization, and improved mechanical properties, such as increased fracture resistance and wear durability. Additionally, antimicrobial properties can be achieved through the inclusion of silver ions (Ag+), reducing the risk of peri-implant infections. This review focuses on the effects of ionic doping on the structure and functionality of hydroxyapatite, emphasizing advancements in tailoring its properties to clinical needs. By consolidating two decades of research, this study highlights how ionic doping bridges the gap between synthetic biomaterials and native bone, unlocking new potential in regenerative medicine and orthopedic applications.

Through the hydrothermal technique, we successfully deposited boron (B)-doped zinc oxide nanorods (ZnO NRs) onto a polyethylene terephthalate (PET)/graphene (GR) flexible substrate, creating a B-ZnO/PET/GR Schottky contact. The ZnO NRs exhibited a well-defined hexagonal structure with a lattice constant size of approximately 0.502 nm, as evidenced by characterization results. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed a reduction in oxygen vacancies with increasing B ion doping. The current–voltage (I-V) characteristics of the Schottky contacts were systematically investigated over a temperature range of 160–300 K. As the temperature increased, the barrier height exhibited an upward trend, while the ideality factor decreased. This behavior was ascribed to barrier inhomogeneity at the Schottky contact interface. Employing a single Gauss distribution function for barrier height, we verified and elucidated this phenomenon, contributing to a comprehensive understanding of the observed temperature-dependent electrical properties.

[Display omitted] • · Ion doping, morphology control and aerogel construction have been synchronously achieved. • · Zn2+ doping and rGO hybridization can boost the rate performance and cycling stability. • · The ZVOH@rGO electrode demonstrated high reversible capacity of 286.7 mAh g−1 at 30 A g−1. Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (ZIBs) have attracted more and more attention due to their advantages of low cost, high safety and environmental protection. Unfortunately, the unsatisfactory capacity at high current density and long-term cycling performance of cathode materials hinder the development of ZIBs. Here, a novel Zn 0.079 V 2 O 5 ·0.53H 2 O/graphene (ZVOH@rGO) hybrid aerogel composed of ultrathin Zn 0.079 V 2 O 5 ·0.53H 2 O (ZVOH) nanoribbons and 3D continuous graphene conductive network was successfully prepared and used as cathode of ZIBs. Taking advantage of the synergistic effects associated with ion doping, morphology control and unique aerogel structure, the ZVOH@rGO electrode demonstrated ultrafast charge/discharge capability and remarkable cycling stability: A high reversible capacity of 286.7 mAh g−1 was achieved at a current density as large as 30 A g−1, and an impressive capacity retention ratio of 75.6 % was realized over 9800 ultra-long cycles at 12 A g−1. This work is of great significance for the synthesis modification of vanadium oxides and the development of high performance ultrafast charge–discharge ZIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]