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A large amount of vegetable waste (around 931 million tons in the world) is generated from the kitchen of food eateries per year. The improper disposal of this organic waste may lead to serious health and environmental issues. If this waste is dumped on open ground, it decomposes anaerobically which leads to emission of greenhouse gases mainly methane which is 28 times more potent for the environment than carbon dioxide. So, development of reliable, effective and environment friendly solution for this problem is a need of time. In the present study, potent bacterial isolates were obtained from different sources such as biogas slurry and soil samples, followed by characterization these isolates were tested for their efficiency to degrade vegetable waste. Finally, the selected screened isolates were used for production of bio compost. The efficiency of produced compost was tested against selected fenugreek plant in pot assay. Three cellulose degraders were isolated from selected biogas slurry and soil samples, on different media such as carboxy methyl cellulose agar, cellulose Congo red agar and Congo red agar containing Whatman filter paper. Isolates have shown effective degradation of vegetable waste within 10 days and produced organic compost prove to be effective for stimulating growth of fenugreek plant. The vegetable waste degraded by using micro-organisms in the present study can not only be used to improve crop yield but also help in reduction of greenhouse gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Throughout the world, the losses of agricultural products are associated with plant diseases, most often caused by microscopic fungi. Among the most effective methods to control these fungi is the use of various chemicals fungicides. However, the overutilization of such fungicides can induce negative implications. To address this challenge, alternatives methods of control using antagonist microbes are being developed. Of particular interest are fungi of the Trichoderma genus, which can be employed as biopreparations to protect crops against a number of diseases. Purpose. The study of the antagonistic interactions of two micromycetes of the Trichoderma genus, isolated from wood cuts in Eastern Siberia, with phytopathogenic fungi. Materials and methods. The taxonomic affiliation of the isolated fungi was determined by macro- and micromorphological features, using a Primo Star light microscope (Zeiss, Germany). Molecular genetic analysis was carried out on the basis of the All-Russian Collection of Industrial Microorganisms (Moscow) using the sequence of ribosomal genes (26-sRNA). The antagonistic activity of Trichoderma against phytopathogens was tested in vitro by the method of counter cultures in 5 replicates. Results. According to morphological and molecular genetic characteristics, the isolated strains were identified to the species Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum. It was shown that the isolated Trichoderma strains efficiently inhibit the development of the pathogenic fungi under study (by 50-80%). Conclusion. The results obtained suggest that Trichoderma atroviride and Trichoderma harzianum can be further employed in the biocontrol of plant diseases.

This paper focuses on a selection of microorganisms that should eventually form a Defined Consortium of Wine Microorganisms. The consortium might serve as a sophisticated oenological product for the production of wine with attractive organoleptic features. The Defined Consortium of Wine Microorganisms was obtained from non-saccharomyces and saccharomyces yeasts and lactic acid bacteria isolated from places where autochthonous microflora can be expected to occur (grape berries, wine lees or cellar spaces). A total of 42 microorganisms were obtained by surface smears, fallouts from the air or isolation from fermented must. All isolates were then tested and the best strains were selected on the basis of technological and phenotypic characterization using standard microbiological techniques. The main criteria for the selection of strains were the ability to ferment and the production of organoleptically active compounds. Sulphur dioxide or ethanol tolerance, β-glucosidase activity, a taxonomic identification, the tendency to produce sulphane or the ability of lactic acid bacteria to perform malolactic fermentation were also considered. According to these results, the non-saccharomyces yeast Starmerella bacillaris, the saccharomyces yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the lactic acid bacterium Levilactobacillus brevis were selected as part of the Defined Consortium of Wine Microorganisms.

This paper focuses on a selection of microorganisms that should eventually form a Defined Consortium of Wine Microorganisms. The Consortium might serve as a sophisticated oenological product for the production of wine with attractive organoleptic features. The Defined Consortium of Wine Microorganisms was obtained from non-saccharomyces and saccharomyces yeasts and lactic acid bacteria isolated from places where autochthonous microflora can be expected to occur (grape berries, wine lees or cellar spaces). A total of 42 microorganisms were obtained by surface smears, fallouts from the air or isolation from fermented must. All isolates were then tested and the best strains were selected on the basis of technological and phenotypic characterisation using standard microbiological techniques. The main criteria for the selection of strains were the ability to ferment and the production of organoleptically active compounds. Sulphur dioxide or ethanol tolerance, ß-glucosidase activity, a taxonomic identification, the tendency to produce sulphane or the ability of lactic acid bacteria to perform malolactic fermentation were also considered. According to these results, the non-saccharomyces yeast Starmerella bacillaris, the saccharomyces yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae and the lactic acid bacterium Levilactobacillus brevis were selected as part of the Defined Consortium of Wine Microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Iraq, Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is one of the main infections related to health care. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence, and susceptibility to antimicrobial agents, presented by bacteria associated with SSI, in a hospital in Baquba Teaching Hospital (BTH), Diyala, Iraq. The study has been developed from the microbiology laboratory database of the hospital. Cultural records and sensitivity tests were analysed with PCR protocol between February 2018 and February 2019 for surgical wounds secretion cultures. 93 microorganisms were isolated. Coagulase negative staphylococci negatives (29 samples), Gram Positive bacteria (23 samples), Gram negatives (10 samples) and pathogens (yeast) (10 samples) were the most common micro-organisms. Susceptibility with antimicrobials revealed a 62.34 percent resistance to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporin antibiotics to coagulase-negative Staphylococcus. Penicillin antibiotics were more resistant to S.aureus (58 percent). Amenoglyco-resistant (50.00%) yeast was pathogenic followed by antibiotics of cephalosporin (38%). The results obtained contribute to the valuation of microbiological cultures, and to the sensitivity test to antimicrobial agents. This study reaffirms that antimicrobials must be rationally employed and that epidemiological monitoring strategies have been implemented to treat infections of surgical injuries [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enzyme technology has been used by offering advantages in establishing a clean process technology. Hydrolyticenzymes are among the principal targets of biotechnological research for the potential application in industry. Inorder to select and characterize amylolytic, pectinolytic and xilanolíticos microorganisms were used soils and agroindustrialresidues as a source for the isolation. As a result, 18 amylase-producing strains were isolated, these 11had IE higher than 2.0. Was determined the regulation profile by catabolic repression, and 3 exhibited the desiredcharacteristics. These were grown in liquid medium and the activity of saccharificant amylase were determined.Were also selected 4 producer microorganisms of pectinase which grown up in liquid confirmed the production ofpectin lyase (PMGL) and poligalacturanase enzymes (PG). Likewise, from culture on solid medium were isolated13 xylanase-producing microorganisms, where 11 were bacteria and 2 filamentous fungi. Five microorganismswhich stood out as the IE, was cultivated in liquid medium and analyzed when the enzyme production, therefore,one filamentous fungus and one bacteria originating from the soil should out as producers of xylanase. Althoughthere is a need for deepening the studies on the characterization of these isolates and of produced enzymes, the positiveresults of enzyme activities showed that the methodologies used and the selected microorganisms are promisingin obtaining the enzymes respective with the potential for application in industry.

Abstract: Bovine mastitis (BM) is a costly disease in dairy cattle production. The prevention and treatment of mastitis is performed by applying antimicrobial products that negatively affect milk quality. In the last years, the use of probiotic microorganisms to prevent infections in humans and animals has being aggressively studied. Samples from teat canal and milk (foremilk and stripping) were taken from healthy and mastitic mammary quarters. A screening of the surface properties and antagonistic substances production of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from the mammary gland was performed to select potential probiotic strains to prevent mastitis. Somatic cell count, physico-chemical and microbiological studies were carried out. Pre-selected microorganisms were genetically identified. Compared with stripping milk, foremilk showed lower levels of fat and higher levels of pH, density, microorganism numbers, lower percentage of strains with mean and high hydrophobicity and mean autoaggregation and higher number of strains able to produce hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. The other parameters analyzed were not statistically significant. One hundred and two LAB strains were isolated. Most of them had low degrees of hydrophobicity and autoaggregation. No correlation between these properties was found. Antagonistic metabolites were mainly produced by strains isolated from healthy quarters. Most of the pre-selected strains were identified as Streptococcus bovis and Weissella paramesenteroides. Three bacteriocin-producers were found and their products partially characterized. The results of this work are the basis for the further design of a specie-specific probiotic product able to prevent BM. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]