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This study investigated the effects of pasteurization (80 ℃ for 30 min), electron beam irradiation (3, 5 and 7 kGy) and ultra-high pressure treatment (400, 500 and 600 MPa for 6 min) on the flavor of jujube pulp. Untreated samples were used as control. The content of taste compounds such as free amino acids and reducing sugar was determined, and flavor quality was evaluated by electronic nose and electronic tongue and sensory evaluation. The results showed that compared with the control sample, free amino acid contents were significantly reduced by pasteurization and electron beam irradiation, and the contents of bitter amino acids such as arginine, valine and leucine were significantly increased by pasteurization. Electron beam irradiation and ultra-high pressure treatment could significantly increase the content of fructose in jujube pulp. Significant differences in electronic nose sensor responses were found among the eight groups. The electron tongue results showed significant differences in taste characteristics between the electron beam irradiated, ultra-high pressure treated and the control samples, while the taste characteristics of the pasteurized samples were closer to those of the control group. In addition, the samples treated with electron beam irradiation had higher sensory values for taste, color and reconstitutability than the other treatments. In conclusion, both electron beam irradiation and ultra-high pressure treatment could effectively improve the flavor quality of jujube pulp.

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Chinese jujube which contains many nutrients, contributes to a healthy diet. Jujube pulp extracts are rich in polyphenol compounds exhibiting admirable pharmacological activities. In present, free and bound polyphenols extracted from jujube pulp were named JPFP and JPBP, respectively. Interesting, we found only JPBP exhibited prominent anti-tumor activity in HepG2 cells, and especially, it also had the same effect in nude mice tumor model. Further, the study showed that p-Coumaric acid and ferulic acid might be main active components in JPBP. Mechanically, JPBP decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) via blocking AKT/NF-κB/Bcl-2 signal axis. Subsequently, the decrease of MMP induced mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the overproduction of intracellular ROS in HepG2 cells, which contributed to cell apoptosis. Meantime, JPBP suppressed cell proliferation through promoting HepG2 cell cycle arrest in S phase. Collectively, this study sheds light on the potential application of JPBP on the prevention and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma.

Graphical abstract Highlights • JPBP exhibits prominent anti-hepatoma activity in vitro and in vivo. • JPBP decreases the level of MMP via blocking AKT/NF-κB/Bcl-2 signal axis. • JPBP initiates mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway in HepG2 cells. • JPBP suppresses cell proliferation by promoting HepG2 cell cycle arrest in S phase. • JPBP has potential as an effective and non-toxic agent against liver cancer. Abstract Chinese jujube which contains many nutrients, contributes to a healthy diet. Jujube pulp extracts are rich in polyphenol compounds exhibiting admirable pharmacological activities. In present, free and bound polyphenols extracted from jujube pulp were named JPFP and JPBP, respectively. Interesting, we found only JPBP exhibited prominent anti-tumor activity in HepG2 cells, and especially, it also had the same effect in nude mice tumor model. Further, the study showed that p-Coumaric acid and ferulic acid might be main active components in JPBP. Mechanically, JPBP decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) via blocking AKT/NF-κB/Bcl-2 signal axis. Subsequently, the decrease of MMP induced mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptotic pathway and the overproduction of intracellular ROS in HepG2 cells, which contributed to cell apoptosis. Meantime, JPBP suppressed cell proliferation through promoting HepG2 cell cycle arrest in S phase. Collectively, this study sheds light on the potential application of JPBP on the prevention and therapy of hepatocellular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]