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Exophthalmos with bulging and edema of both eyes was detected as an unusual and unregistered sign of Mycoplasma wenyonii infection in cross-bred newborn calves in Basrah, Iraq. Three male cross-bred calves 4- 10 days old, show different clinical signs, A blood sample of 2.5 mL was drawn from the jugular vein of each newborn calf in. The blood was mixed with EDTA to obtain the total erythrocyte count, level of Hemoglobin, packed cell volume, total leukocyte count using automatic fully digital cell counter. The stained blood smears were used for detection of the microorganism, Moreover, the microorganism was confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction technique . Exophthalmos in diseased newborn calves can affect both eyes (bilateral) or only one eye (unilateral). Furthermore, calves also showed increased abdominal respiration with panting, recumbency, inability to stand, pale mucus membranes, small hemorrhagic patches on the skin, and enlargement of superficial lymph nodes. Vital signs were also increased (body temperature, respiratory and heart rates). It has been concluded that the exophalmous of eyes in infected animals with Mycoplasma wenyonii should be added as a new clinical sign through which the disease can be suspected and inferred.

wayback disease of young lambs in Basra governorate, Iraq has been detected and diagnosed. Sixty-four local breeds lambs, a week to three months old of both sexes show various clinical manifestations of in-coordination and ataxia. Ten clinically healthy local breeds lambs were used as controls. All animals were subjected to complete clinical examinations. Diseased lambs showed different clinical signs such as, lack of coordination with ataxia in hind legs, unable to suck their dams, loss of body weight and apathy, difficulty in standing from lying down, frequent falls and permanent lying down position. The results concerning the hematological data indicate Anormocytic normochromic type of anemia with no changes in total and differential leukocytes count. Moreover, biochemical analysis of affected lambs, and controls indicated a significant decrease in copper compared with controls. Furthermore, a significant increase was detected in ALT, AST and CPK in diseased lambs compared to controls. Histopathological changes of the sciatic nerve of diseased lambs indicated marked edematous fluid in the neural interstia, as well as a marked area of vacuolated neural cells with severe congestion of blood vessels, and an obvious area of vacuolated neural cells. On the other hand, severe perivascular edema in addition to perineural edema was also detected in the brain.

Polioencephalomalacia caused by thiamine deficiency in sheep of Barash province have been diagnosed. This current research was conducted on 44 local sheep breeds 1-3 years old and of both sexes reared in Basrah province. Ten clinically normal local sheep breeds were selected as controls. Diseased animals show various clinical manifestations, Such as Anorexia and head pressing, Muscular tremors. Moreover, diseased sheep show signs of opisthotonus and nystagmus, incoordination and ataxia, Furthermore, 41% of the diseased sheep show circling with lateral deviation of the head, recumbency and inability to stand. However, 18.1% of the diseased sheep exhibit blindness. Moreover, significant increase was detected in respiratory and heart rate of diseased animals in comparison with controls, but ruminal motility was decreased significantly in affected animals compared to controls. Additionally, considerable changes were detected in biochemical parameters of affected sheep in comparison with controls. The results of cross pathological features and histopathological examination of dying or slaughtered sheep show pale discoloration of the dorsal cerebral cortex, especially the occipital lobes, which might indicate a necrosis. However, gross lesions might also represent flattening of cerebral gyri, hemorrhages, necrosis to cavitations in the gray matter of the occipital and temporal regions. Further, histopathological examinations revealed gliosis as well to vacuolative changes of some neurons, Moreover, sections of the white matter of brain showed also gliosis with wallerian degeneration of some neuronal axons, Furthermore, sections were also indicated a severe vaculation of neuronal cell body and central chromatolysis of some neurons.