Search

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

• The present paper compares the innovative performance of State-owned (SOEs) and privately-owned enterprises (POEs). • The number of patent applications is used as a proxy of innovation outcome, while patent forward citations are used as a proxy of innovation value. • The analysis focuses on high- and medium high-tech manufacturing industries and knowledge intensive services. • The analysis involves more than 2000 SOEs and uses matching techniques to select a suitable control group of POEs. • Results suggest that cross-industry heterogeneity exists. Overall, SOEs innovative performance is comparable or even superior to that of POEs. The aim of the present paper is to compare the innovation output of State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) and Privately-Owned Enterprises (POEs), as measured by patent activity, taking a cross-industry perspective. Estimation results focusing on EU countries over the period 2011–2018 reveals that in some medium high-tech manufacturing industries (i.e., manufacturing of chemical products and motor-vehicles) and in the gas and electricity industries the innovative performance of SOEs is on average superior to those of POEs. No statistically significant difference can be detected in high-tech manufacturing, while in knowledge intensive services the evidence is mixed: SOEs innovation output is inferior to POEs' in professional, scientific, and technical activities; yet SOEs outperform POEs in transport services. Overall, these results suggest that, in specific economic sectors, SOEs may act as an important vehicle for technological development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sector of knowledge intensive services is very often neglected, although it is very important for today's economy – it is highly innovative, fast-growing and usually provides highly paid and stimulating employment, involved in the creation and transfer of knowledge. It provides knowledge-intensive inputs to other entities in the private and public sectors. It deals with activities concerned primarily with human capital, thanks to the knowledge and skills of employees who are available to other companies. The aim of the article is to estimate the Cobb-Douglass production function for the knowledge intensive services sector and to compare it with the production function of the manufacturing sector which is one of the decisive sources of gross domestic product. Data for the period 1995-2018 in the annual frequency come from the database of the Czech Statistical Office. The output of the industry is measured as gross output at current prices, the amount of capital expressed by means of Gross fixed capital formation and work as employment in the sector. The change in capital per worker has the highest impact on output in the case of the manufacturing industry, which is dependent on physical capital. In the case of the fields of information and communication activities and professional, scientific and technical activities, the increase in the capital adequacy of work will be reflected in a lower increase in output per worker. These sectors are linked to human capital, so the non-inclusion of human capital in the production function leads to misleading results.

The manufacturing industry represents the most important part of gross output in the Czech Republic. In the long run, it is necessary for the Czech industry to be competitive. At the same time, it can be assumed that foreign pressure on the Czech manufacturing industry will at least partially transform into pressure on professional and scientific activities. Science and research thus play a key role. The aim of the article is to analyse the impact of work efficiency in the branch of professional, scientific, technical, administrative and support service activities (i.e. sections M and N of the CZ NACE classification of economic activities) on the manufacturing industry (section C). Productivity is measured as gross value added to the labor. The quarterly data of the Czech Statistical Office for the period 1995-2020 are used for the analysis. Time series are processed using a Census X12 filter; all variables are tested using the ADF test in two variants for the presence of a unit root. The testing of the long-term relationship is conducted by means of the Johansen test. The results show that both productivity delays in sector C and sectors M and N have a statistically significant impact on productivity in sector C. However, a positive productivity shock in sector C has a negative impact on current productivity and, conversely, a positive shock in productivity in branch M + N in t-1 is positively reflected in branch C at time t.

Research background. The need for an in-time, efficient and effective adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the technical, economic, social and environmental conditions of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 is a current problem caused by the introduction of new information and communication technologies, cyber-physical systems and artificial intelligence into all economic industries and areas of human life. The advent of new technologies is changing the entire value chains of Industry 4.0 - Labor 4.0 - Education 4.0 - Thinking 4.0, creating conditions for new business models but also pressure on flexibility and personalization of services or triggering new requirements for cyber security and the interdisciplinarity of access of small and medium-sized enterprises - providers and users of services. The current global COVID-19 health pandemic (2020-2021), with its economic and social impacts on all economic industries, has accelerated the use of disruptive technologies, principles, procedures, methods and tools of Industry 4.0 and Society 4.0 and the need for the support of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector in adapting to changes in the business environment. Purpose of the article. The main objective of the research is to validate, evaluate and discuss the functionality and content of the created methodology of adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the implementation of the principles, procedures, methods and tools of Society 4.0 and its applicability in business practice, specifically focusing on small and medium-sized enterprises in the area of knowledge-intensive services. An integral part of the research is to assess selected negative and positive impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on business processes in the context of issues being tackled. Methodology. The methodological procedure to validate the functionality and content of the created methodology of the adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises in the service sector to the conditions of Society 4.0 is based on the strategy of mixed research. An explorative sequence design was used as a key design of mixed dynamically oriented research, during which quantitative data collection, analysis and evaluation formed the basis for qualitative analysis and evaluation, which resulted in the interpretation and discussion of the research results and, at the end of the paper, the formulation of the issues that will be the next area of scientific research activity of the author's team. In the quantitative part of the research, Fisher's exact test was used for the verification of difference statistics in data obtained from testing a sample of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises and from external project application sponsors providing services to this category of enterprises. In the qualitative part of the research, the Atlas.ti software was used for the evaluation of information obtained with respect to the methodology of adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises for encoding, processing and interpretation of qualitative data and semantic networks were created for the individual sub-categories of evaluation. Findings & Value Added. The research result proved that the adequacy of the content and functionality of the checked methodology of adaptation of SMEs strongly corresponds to the needs and requirements of micro and small enterprises in particular that conduct business in the area of knowledge-intensive services. Barriers, limits, needs and potential in individual categories of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises were identified which are related to the use of technologies and tools of Society 4.0, to new requirements for knowledge and skills qualifications of labor and to the relation of SMEs to innovations in business processes. The results of validation of the methodology of adaptation of SMEs in the knowledge-intensive service sector confirmed that the created methodology of adaptation of small and medium-sized enterprises is applicable to the implementation of the principles, procedures, methods and tools of Society 4.0. in the real conditions of business practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Omer Halisdemir Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Omer Halisdemir University, Faculty of Economics & Admistrative Sciene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this work is to show the working indicators in a group of activities called knowledge-intensive services that includes administration, health, education, finance, arts, computing, etc. Due to their specialization, they are provided by trained personnel and are a source of high added value. Despite their importance, studies that reveal the conditions of these knowledge workers are lacking. An exploratory, descriptive and comparative study is carried out between Argentina and Mexico, since they have an important service sector. It was found that the workers of this group of specialized services have a greater presence in Argentina, as well as better conditions in terms of salary, working hours and gender equality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Administração FACES Journal is the property of Revista de Administracao FACES Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this paper is to study Poland’s competitiveness in international trade in knowledge-intensive services (KIS). The author analyzes the trends in Polish KIS trade and tries to answer the question whether Poland is moving towards obtaining a comparative advantage in this field. The first part of the paper presents a definition and classification of KIS, indicators to measure competitiveness in international services trade, and a short review of the research in this field. The second part of the study is empirical. The author uses traditional indicators of international competitiveness such as: export performance, trade balance, and the RCA index. The analysis also touches upon the impact of Poland’s accession to the EU on its competitiveness in KIS trade. Finally, some possible determinants of Poland’s competitiveness in particular KIS sectors are indicated. The paper uses the Eurostat and WTO databases. The analyzed period for international transactions is usually 2000-2010, but for Poland the 1994-2010 period was used, i.e. since the European Agreement entered into force.

The paper investigates the impact of agglomeration economies on the regional employment growth in the knowledge intensive services (KIS) in Slovakia over the period 1998 to 2014 by estimating spatial econometric models. Assuming that knowledge spillovers and externalities are stronger between industries with shared knowledge bases and complementarities, we analyse the role of different forms of sectoral variety at the district level in Slovakia. Results indicate that localization economies has a generally negative impact on the employment growth in the KIS sector, however the results show a strong evidence of the beneficial effect of related variety, while no role is played by unrelated variety. When looking at knowledge spillover between KIS and manufacturing, the KIS industry is affected by related variety in manufacturing industry, while no evidence of externalities is found from the tertiary sectors to manufacturing. The results question the merits of interventions promoting regional specialisation and emphasise that diversity into the related industries should be one of the policy issue areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

So far, the research on impact of innovation on employment and skills focused on effects within firms and sectors. Little attention was paid to the influence of interlinkages between sectors as a source of employment change. The main contribution of this paper to the field refers to broadening the analysis of innovation impacts to innovation spillovers from vertically linked sectors on firms' employment and skill change in user industries. The empirical analysis conclusively demonstrates an important role of innovation spillovers in the economy. Firms' employment growth is shown to benefit significantly from spillovers of product innovations in manufacturing and knowledge-intensive services. Similarly, firms that are subject to increased spillovers of product innovations as well as marketing and organisational innovations are more likely to upgrade their skill composition. Conversely, employment growth and skill composition of firms seem to be negatively affected by spillovers of process innovations in vertically linked sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Comparative Economic Research is the property of Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Lodzkiego and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Manufacturing firms increasingly produce and provide services along with or instead of their traditional physical products. The goal of this paper is to provide new evidence for this servitisation of European manufacturing and test previous findings based on case studies with a large, firm-level data set. Empirical results indicate that service turnover of manufacturing firms is still small compared to the turnover with physical products. National differences play only a minor role in explaining the degree of servitisation. Firm size is of more relevance. Results reveal a U-shaped relationship between firm size and servitisation which points to advantages of both, small and large firms in servitisation. Moreover, servitisation is positively related to product complexity and the likelihood that the firm introduces product innovation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Knowledge intensive services and, in particular, R&D services contribute significantly to innovation in firms. The objective of this paper is to find out which characteristics of firms explain the acquisition of R&D services and to analyse whether there are differences depending on the typology of the supplier (universities, technology centres and consulting firms). Three main conclusions emerge from the econometric estimations carried out with information from a survey of innovative firms in the region of Valencia in Spain. First, the results show that firm size and age matter in the decision to buy R&D services. Second, our results are consistent with the relevance that the literature gives to human capital in absorbing external knowledge. Third, innovation policy has a significant influence on the decision to acquire R&D services, particularly from universities and technology centres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – This study aims to analyse the provision of knowledge-intensive services (KIS) by technology centres based on approaches used in the literature on trade areas. Design/methodology/approach – The techniques employed derive from the literature on trade areas (customer spotting and ring studies) and spatial analysis (nearest neighbour analysis, Ripley's K statistic and median centre). Findings – The research demonstrates that there is a geographic factor in the distribution of firms associated with a technology centre and some of their characteristics depend on their proximity to such a centre. Trade areas are determined and access facilities are detected. It has also been observed how geographic proximity is coupled with functional (sector) factors in the firm-technology centre relationship. Practical implications – These findings may contribute towards strategies for locating technology centres, and may be extended to future centre networks and to the development of more efficient marketing strategies aimed at attracting and acquiring client firms. Originality/value – To date, little is known about the spatial distribution of firms associated with technology centres, nor are there studies that relate the profile of user firms in relation to the distance from their premises to the technology centre. Using methodology previously applied to trade areas, this research has identified the spatial pattern of associated firms which may be of use for a variety of purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovation measurement in the knowledge-intensive services (KIS) industry is very complex, due to a lack of adequate innovation indicators. A rather new empirical approach involves the analysis of trademarks for the measurement. This paper aims to explore the use and relevance of trademarks for service firms. Data from the German section of the ‘Community Innovation Survey’ are used, and a survey with 278 participating firms is conducted. The results of the two independent empirical studies demonstrate that a trademark can be used as an innovation indicator, at least for knowledge-intensive business services (KIBS) and product innovations. The results also illustrate which firm-inside and environmental features explain the use of trademarks as an intellectual property protection measure. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to analyse the types and the nature of innovations developed by small companies in a traditional service sector, as well as the ways that innovations impact their strategic capabilities. Design/methodology/approach – The paper provides evidence from three case studies captured through a number of interviews with senior managers within the companies. The paper adopted a comparative analysis, selecting two cases that have managed this process with great success and one showing evidently less success. Findings – Organisational and process innovations are critical aspects of a dynamic strategy in small service companies. Although a successful innovation strategy does not require the development of technological systems and knowledge intensive services, it does necessitate their sophisticated usage. Innovation enables the firms to access new markets and the reconfiguration of strategic capabilities in the long term. Research limitations/implications – The paper identifies the existence of strong linkages between organisational and process innovation and dynamic capabilities in the small companies in a traditional service sector. The research has used qualitative methods and a case study methodology. Further research (e.g. other service industries) and ideally statistical evidence are required to generalise these findings into the wider service sector. Practical implications – This work calls for managers in small companies in a traditional service sector which wish to grow to pay more attention to their active involvement in organisational and process innovations and the sophisticated usage (or development) of knowledge intensive services. Originality/value – The paper brings together a number of concepts from the innovation studies and the strategic management literature to investigate management practices and strategies of small companies in a traditional service sector, the tramp shipping sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The innovative results of firms depend upon their specific characteristics and their ability to weave together their competences with the innovative resources in their environment. Different approaches have underlined the importance of location and the context of business innovation. In particular, the existence of knowledge intensive services (KIS) enables firms to create and commercialise new processes, products and services. However, KIS can present substantial differences in their capacity to contribute to innovation. This article examines the relationship between KIS and business innovation and establishes a KIS typology in order to pinpoint its effects on business innovation. The results of the applied analysis show that although there is a positive relationship between the uses of KIS, in terms of innovative business results, the outcomes are not the same for all types of KIS. While the use of KIS of technology centres positively affects the innovative level of the projects of firms, the results for private consultancies are not conclusive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Administración is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Knowledge intensive services (KIS) have a key role in the creation and commercialisation of new products, processes and services. They are fundamental as carriers and creators of both technological and organisational innovation. Furthermore, the availability to firms of KIS in their surroundings positively affects their ability to innovate and contribute to the regional development. Nevertheless, a little is known about the factors that explain, why some firms use these services (technological advice, applied research, strategic consultancy, engineering, etc.) more frequently than other firms. This article, reporting from a database of more than 2,000 firms and with the use of binary models, analyses the factors that explain the use of KIS by small and medium-sized firms. Specifically, the services supplied by technological centres with the purpose of improving regional innovative potential are examined. The results show, in a similar way to the most consistent conclusions of the available studies, that demand for services increases with the size of the user firms. Spatial proximity between the user and the supplier of the KIS also seems to be a relevant factor. Other variables such as age, sector, innovation level and exports are also examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the findings of a study that sought to explore a range of technical, financial and social issues that the literature suggests influences e-innovation propensity. The research was conducted on a sample of knowledge-intensive business service SMEs in Northern Ireland, Republic of Ireland and New Zealand within a business-to-consumer context. Qualitative methodologies (in-depth interviews and projective techniques) were employed to investigate the research problem. The findings highlight a number of specific issues that call into question the value of an e-business strategy, such as uncertainties surrounding knowledge acquisition, disintermediation effects and sustainability of an e-business. These issues continue to negate e-innovation propensity. The paper proposes practical suggestions to alleviate the mitigating effects of uncertainty that are impacting on e-innovation propensity. The conclusions derived from this research, along with the modelling of the uncertainty factors extend existing knowledge and also set the precedent for further empirical research in other country and industry settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]