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There is a dearth of theoretical and empirical work examining street-level land administration officials (SLAOs) in post-conflict peri-urban communities in sub-Saharan Africa. This article investigates how SLAOs deliver land administration services under a hybrid governance regime in a localised post-conflict environment, and how they balance strict adherence to the rule of law and a flexible application of rules and regulations. The study is based on a case study in Mombasa. The theory argues that, in Waitiki, SLAOs evaluate their situation and formulate a range of strategies to deliver services and deal with poor governance challenges like corruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines diverse infrastructural interventions in the making of Ardhisasa, the Kenyan state's digital land information management platform, as a space of contestation, negotiation, and experimentation. We analyse the platformisation of governance through theories on liminality to explain the agency of various actors in shaping the digital state. We particularly zoom into the influence of two actors: the private actors in the land sector and the civil society organisations representing informalised residents, and how they exercise agency in the development of Ardhisasa. Drawing on interviews with state and non-state actors, secondary literature, and extensive experience within Kenya's land administration system, we trace the overt and covert exercise of power in the platformisation of land administration of Nairobi. Our central thesis is that, despite its progressive development, Ardhisasa follows the tradition of a long line of large-scale infrastructural or developmental projects that rarely deliver on their promise for improvement but rather further entrench marginalised groups due to its exclusion of the already existing, albeit informalised, land administration and transaction practices that meet the needs of the urban poor. We argue that Ardhisasa's perpetual state of becoming leads to the spatialisation of liminality itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nairobi's land digitisation programme presents continuous challenges to the Kenyan state's aspirations of reforming land administration. By drawing upon insights from archival sciences and digital geographies, this paper argues that digitisation of Kenya's land administration records presents us with an opportunity to pay attention to how information flows from paper to digital systems, and the nature of human condition that makes it possible. Based on research of land digitisation initiatives in Nairobi and its peripheral counties, this paper explores first, how digitisation initiates a large‐scale state exercise of sorting paper in the land records departments that constitutes the archival apparatus of the state; and second, how the archival labour of state officials in this process is at the same time significant, invisible and devalued. Through interviews of state officials in county and state departments, we argue that the digitisation process is far more complex and messier than the rhetoric of seamless transition to automated land administration in Kenya. Digitisation involves a slow embodied labour in sorting paper by state officials who have little power in shaping the design of the platform that they are expected to use. The devaluation of the archival labour of state officials who are not professionally trained in 'archival practice' and are seemingly voiceless in the production of national land information platforms leads to subversion and non‐cooperation with the platform itself. The paper concludes that an expansive lens of seeing digital platforms through the tools and technologies of archiving practices enables us to understand why platforms fail, why and how paper increases value within digital systems and how archival labour is central to the politics of digitisation and platformisation in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, population growth, high urbanization rates, and global agenda issues have led to the intensive use of land and air and water spaces, and cadastral systems that manage the people–land relationship have evolved into a multi-purpose form that supports various land-based activities. This situation has necessitated the modernization of traditional land administration and cadastral systems to manage the people–land relationship effectively. This study conducts a literature review on current cadastral trends emerging from the perspective of modern land administration systems (LASs). A total of 367 studies published in the Web of Science (WoS) database in the last decade on 3D cadastre, technical infrastructure cadastre, maritime cadastre, public law restriction (PLR) cadastre, fit-for-purpose land management, and disaster-sensitive cadastral trends are analyzed. The study aims to analyze the interest of the land administration community in current cadastral trends and present the results. The analysis results show that the most researched trend is 3D cadastre, and the least researched trends are PLRs cadastre and disaster-responsive cadastre. LADM stands out as a widely used framework across the studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A country's land policy determines land-related benefits for citizens. An effective land administration practice is crucial for urban development. The importance placed on land administration as a public policy goal in Ethiopia is not surprising considering the complex implications of the country and its urban development. The practice of land administration was not based on challenges of urban development in Southern Ethiopia. It has not ensured land ownership, sale, or other means of exchange of rights for citizens. Goal and objectives This study investigated the implications of land administration for urban development in Southern Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to gain an indepth understanding of the implications of land administration for urban development by investigating the nature of land administration practices that can ensure effective and efficient land ownership and rights. Methodology This study used concurrent triangulation mixed methods. It adopted a random and purposive sample with a sample size of 369 urban dwellers. Key Informant Interviews (KII) and a literature review were utilised to collect data. The collected data were analysed by categorising the themes which were used to report through the tables and charters. Results The results reveal that the land belongs to the state, as captured in Article 40 of the 1995 Ethiopia Constitution, preventing citizens or individuals from directly benefitting from ownership. Land administration does not meet the interests of all the citizens and is ineffective. Alternative land policies should be sought that can ensure effective, efficient and legal ownership able to foster urban development by integrating land administration practices with the existing dynamics of urban development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximately 70%–75% of people worldwide have no formally registered land rights. Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration was introduced to address this problem and focuses on delineating visible cadastral boundaries from earth observation imagery. Recent studies have shown the potential of deep learning models to extract these visible cadastral boundaries automatically. However, studies are limited by the small size and geographical coverage of available datasets and by the lack of information about which cadastral boundaries are visible, i.e., associated with a physical object boundary. To overcome these problems, we present CadastreVision , a benchmark dataset containing cadastral reference data and corresponding multi-resolution earth observation imagery from The Netherlands, with a spatial resolution ranging from 0.1 m to 10 m. The ratio between visible and non-visible cadastral boundaries is essential to evaluate the potential automation level in cadastral boundary extraction from earth observation images and interpret results obtained by deep learning models. We investigate this ratio using a novel analysis pipeline that overlays cadastral reference data with visible topographic object boundaries. Our results show that approximately 72% of the total length of cadastral boundaries in The Netherlands are visible. CadastreVision will enable new developments in cadastral boundary delineation and future endeavours to investigate knowledge transfer to data-scarce areas. Our data and code is available at https://github.com/jeroengrift/cadastrevision. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study focuses on the governance and corruption in the land management system of Bangladesh and the effect of these factors on the tenure security of land and the country's economic growth. This study used a quantitative research design. The research outcomes show that corruption is systematic in all levels of land management, thus eroding the security of tenure, and worsening social inequalities. The new governance reforms have also been implemented to curb corruption; however, these changes' impact has been rather poor. In light of the findings of the study, there is a well-established need for systematic reform to improve the situation in Bangladesh through digitization of land records, better transparency, and higher accountability in the land administration sector. The investigation presented in this research adds to the discussion of governance and development and offers practical policy suggestions that relate to fighting corruption and enhancing the efficient utilization of Bangladeshi land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Towards achieving Fit-for-Purpose (FFP) cadastral mapping, this study compares conventional cadastral mapping methods of theodolite traverse, total station and Real Time Kinematic Global Navigation Satellite System (RTK GNSS) with high-resolution aerial imagery in Ekiti State, Nigeria. Evaluating time, cost, accuracy, and coverage, it finds that high-resolution aerial imagery can achieve results comparable to conventional instruments with wider coverage, thereby expediting land registration and fostering sustainable development. However, challenges in obtaining high-resolution imagery necessitate regulatory reform for UAV use. The study recommends adoption of innovative solutions to improve the spatial, legal, and institutional frameworks in the state and enhance land governance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to find out and analyze the evaluation of the policy of granting state land tenure rights in Sambaliung District, Berau Regency and identify the factors inhibiting the implementation of Berau Regency Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2019 concerning the Implementation of State Land Tenure Administration. This research is a descriptive qualitative research and the results of the study show that the evaluation of Berau Regency Regional Regulation Number 5 of 2019 shows that although this policy has provided several positive achievements, there are still challenges that need to be overcome to improve its effectiveness and responsiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ensuring the sustainability of cities and communities is closely linked to sharing the financial burden and rent among stakeholders arising from development. Administrations undertake Land Value Capture (LVC) to finance infrastructure investments and implement urbanization policies by recapturing a portion (or all) of the increase resulting from development. Through recurring and non-recurring instruments developed for this purpose, support is provided to the urbanization burden in exchange for the value added by residents or developers. In Türkiye, the efficiency of existing LVC instruments in capturing added value is subject to debate. This study analyses political, economic, socio-cultural, and technological (PEST) factors to evaluate implications for improving Türkiye's LVC instruments from the perspective of their counterparts in European countries. The selection of the countries examined was determined by the frequency of use of the relevant LVC instrument compared to other instruments within the country. The study results suggest that restructuring Türkiye's LVC instruments based on the examined practices would reduce the financial burden of infrastructure and service facilities on local administrations while potentially inducing changes in resident behaviour. Additionally, it indicates the need for Turkish LVC instruments to be regulated regarding property valuation and technological infrastructure development. The consistency of the potential outcomes of the practices considered in light of the results and their alignment with sustainable development policies are discussed.

Currently, humanity is approaching the state of informational singularity. In this regard, the task mentioned by academician V. I. Vernadsky, who developed the theory on the transition of Earth's biosphere to the noosphere, is becoming increasingly relevant. This includes the rational use of natural resources and the implementation of scientific approaches in state land policy. Today in Ukraine, considering the reform of land relations, there is a need to create a reliable land management system based on modern technologies and data. The formal representation of knowledge in land administration will allow for more efficient management of land resources, reduce environmental pressure, and create prerequisites for the balanced development of territories. Therefore, the issue of formalization of knowledge about land management is becoming more and more urgent. It lies in the need to create an efficient land resource management system, taking into account modern scientific approaches that ensure transparency, accuracy, and systematization in decision-making and contribute to preserving the natural environment under conditions of its intensive use. New methods of knowledge formalization must be accessible to a wide range of specialists and consider modern technologies, information systems, and the principles of sustainable development. The article aims to formally represent knowledge about land administration in Ukraine based on the development of a knowledge model that aligns with V. I. Vernadsky’s global concept of the processes of transition from the biosphere to the noosphere and confirms his hypothesis about the possible creation of a collective mind on Earth. Based on the teachings of V. I. Vernadsky and the formal representation of knowledge in the field of land administration, the paper proposes a Cadastral Information Processing Center that can operate based on integrated intelligence. The requirements for Vernadsky's knowledge base are defined. An improvement in the formalization technology is proposed, utilizing knowledge representation methods based on general algebra's formal models and methods. In this work, for the first time, based on the provisions of V. I. Vernadsky’s teaching on the evolutionary development of the biosphere and the role of man in the transformation of the biosphere into the noosphere, a hypothesis was formulated about the possible creation of a collective mind on the example of the implementation of the Center for the Processing of Cadastral Information, which includes the cadastral of intellectual resources, Vernadsky’s knowledge base, databases and databases of typical models. The creation of a cadastral of intellectual resources taking into account the Center for the Processing of Cadastral Information, and even the development in the future of a method of selecting experts to solve complex practical problems, will finally show the ability of V. I. Vernadsky’s hypothesis about the possible creation of a collective mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Narratives on corruption and bribery dominate discussions about land transfers in Saptari. Rather than accept these narratives as documentary evidence of a practice of corruption and bribery, this essay interrogates if these narratives articulate (re)negotiations of political subjectivities vis-A-vis land revenue collections in an era of legal-administrative reorganization. The essay particularly examines how the local paralegals (lekhandas) mediate these narratives, which are intimately connected with the historical legacies ofpain and sorrow as defining features of land administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urban growth necessitates focused attention regarding its policy and governance to ensure affordable housing, transparent and efficient real-world systems, reduce social inequalities, and promote sustainable development. This study delves into the semantics and ontology for developing a Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) profile in the context of Pakistan's Land Administration Systems (LASs), which currently face issues due to manual record-keeping, lack of transparency, frauds, and disintegration. Establishing a baseline through Record of Rights (RoR) and Property Information Report (PIR), alongside surveying and mapping procedures defined by laws and rules, forms the foundation for LADM profile development. This study explores the transition from manual LAS to 2D/3D representation, using LADM as a conceptual guideline. The LADM profile's three key packages—PK_Party, PK_Administrative, and PK_SpatialUnit—a sub-package, and external classes are examined, with proposals for digitalisation and modernisation. Additionally, the study includes expert consultation, and highlights the significant support that the LADM implementation offers to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Pakistan. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for a comprehensive and inclusive approach to address organisational overlaps and ambiguities within LAS, positioning PK LADM as a transformative force for sustainable urban LAS in Pakistan, aligning with broader SDGs. Recommendations include exploring realistic land valuation, integrated ownership and location verification systems, addressing historical survey data challenges, and promoting wider stakeholder adoption for sustainable 2D/3D urban LAS using LADM and its edition II as a way forward towards the creation of a smart city and digital twin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Romanian National Program of Systematic Land Registration is going very slow with only 4% of administrative units completed in almost ten years. The work is done by the private sector and is verified by local cadastral offices (OCPI). This research purpose is to find what is the quality of work and the areas where the private sector needs to improve the quality of the land registration service, in the opinion of 26 OCPI directors. The results show that, in spite of the delays in the project, the work provided by the private sector is seen as qualitative or mostly qualitative by the majority of OCPI directors interviewed. However, from the eight quality dimensions considered for this research, three of them registered percentages that require attention from the private sector, in order to be improved: credibility, reliability of the service or the level of competency of the human resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 3D cadastre presents a modern approach to the development of cadastral information systems, with the role of improving current cadastral systems and overcoming the challenges of a 2D-based approach. Technological advancements, standardization, and scientific research in recent decades have contributed to the development and definition of the 3D cadastre. This positioned the 3D cadastre as an integral part of the future of land administration. However, every country needs to define a solution for itself based on its own legal system and cadastral tradition, while at the same time relying on international standardization and research. Once a 3D cadastral system is developed, it is crucial to ensure the monitoring, evaluation, and maintenance of both the quality of the cadastral data and the system itself throughout its lifecycle. Since 3D cadastres involve geometric data, quality management procedures must address both geometric and alphanumeric data. In this paper, we analyze and present the quality management procedures that should be included during designing, implementing, and maintaining a 3D cadastral system. Some examples based on real cadastral data were used to emphasize the need for improvement in quality management. The presented quality management procedures require further development in order to meet country-specific requirements and to fully support the 3D cadastre information systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and background Sustainable growth and development in Africa will continue to depend mainly on how land and land-related resources are secured, used, and managed, which is extremely important for the socio-economic development of women and men. Equitable land rights support the eradication of poverty, increase food security, and respond to climate change. However, women's land rights are strongly gendered across many regions of the globe, especially in Africa, where access to and control over land and productive resources is affected by customary norms, usually discriminatory against women. Goal and Objectives: This paper focuses on Mozambique's legal reform and institutional capacity-building efforts, with special attention to social institutions, to promote equitable land rights and enhance land tenure security. It is based on specific practices in documenting customary and statutory access, control, and ownership of land, considering both the ongoing legal reform and the systematic land registration program the country has been promoting over the past decade. This paper intends to document these efforts and good practices so that they can be used as a reference and others can benefit from them. Methodology: The research follows a pragmatic value-driven philosophy, focusing on practical solutions and outcomes to improve future practice, taking gender inequality in land access as a starting point. The approach to theory development is abductive, moving from theory to data (deduction) and from data to theory (induction). Multi-methods, qualitative and quantitative, are used to ensure a richer approach. Results: Mozambique's legal framework has been reformed to accommodate several improvements related to gender equality. The family and the succession laws, are a clear break from the past merely patriarchal vision cemented in inequality. The recently approved land policy and the land law provide gender equality and protection of women's land rights. The Constitution and the land law recognize legal pluralism, having statutory and customary norms co-existing in land management and land administration, provided that the Constitution is not violated. Mozambique launched a massive systematic land registration, having designed and implemented its Fit-For-Purpose Land Administration approach, formatted to the country's context, intertwining three pillars: people, processes, and technology. There are still challenges to overcome, mainly due to complexity, contradictions, and overlaps within legal pluralism, as sometimes traditional and cultural norms prevent women from accessing, controlling, or owning land and participating in decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context and background Tanzania have gone through various Land information systems such as Ministry of Land Information System (MOLIS) but these systems were not effective due to lack of integration. In 2018 the country adopted the integrated land information system. Despite the adoption of a computerized system in Tanzania, the citizens as well as users are still facing several challenges which have facilitated the undertaking of this study. Goal and objectives Therefore, this study intends to study the system user's perception over the usage of ILMIS. Methodology Quantitative research methods were adopted whereby the total of 150 questionnaires were prepared and distributed but only 120 questionnaires were valid for the descriptive and regression analysis. Results The study revealed that, easy access of information through the use of the system has high relative importance index of 0.925 compared to other benefits of the system. The overall titling cost incurred with the use of ILMIS is very low as compared to other previous systems; 60.83% of land holders in Kinondoni municipality are aware that the new land integrated system does exist whereby 39.17% are not aware of ILMIS existence. More than 50% of respondents were very satisfied with the land registration services provided with the new system. Generally, with the integrated LIS cost, time, satisfaction as well as service quality is seen to be different from that of nonintegrated LIS whereby with integrated LIS cost and time is seen to be low with high satisfaction and high-quality service. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal boundaries are used for delineating the spatial extent of ownership property’s spaces. In underground environments, these boundaries are defined by referencing physical objects, surveying measurements, or projections. However, there is a gap in connecting and managing these boundaries and underground legal spaces, due to a lack of data model. A 3D data model supporting underground land administration (ULA) should define and model these boundaries and the relationships between them and underground ownership spaces. Prominent 3D data models can be enriched to model underground legal boundaries. This research aims to propose a new taxonomy of underground legal boundaries and model them by extending CityGML, which is a widely used 3D data model in the geospatial science domain. We developed, implemented, and tested the model for different types of underground legal boundaries. The implemented prototype showcased the potential benefits of CityGML for managing underground legal boundaries in 3D. The proposed 3D underground model can be used to address current challenges associated with communicating and managing legal boundaries in underground environments. While this data model was specifically developed for Victoria, Australia, the proposed model and approach can be used and replicated in other jurisdictions by adjusting the data requirements for underground legal boundaries.

Today, population growth, high urbanization rates, and global agenda issues have led to the intensive use of land and air and water spaces, and cadastral systems that manage the people–land relationship have evolved into a multi-purpose form that supports various land-based activities. This situation has necessitated the modernization of traditional land administration and cadastral systems to manage the people–land relationship effectively. This study conducts a literature review on current cadastral trends emerging from the perspective of modern land administration systems (LASs). A total of 367 studies published in the Web of Science (WoS) database in the last decade on 3D cadastre, technical infrastructure cadastre, maritime cadastre, public law restriction (PLR) cadastre, fit-for-purpose land management, and disaster-sensitive cadastral trends are analyzed. The study aims to analyze the interest of the land administration community in current cadastral trends and present the results. The analysis results show that the most researched trend is 3D cadastre, and the least researched trends are PLRs cadastre and disaster-responsive cadastre. LADM stands out as a widely used framework across the studies.

Modern conditions in Ukraine require a rethinking of approaches to the formation of rights, restrictions, responsibilities, real estate accounting, and assessment of factors influencing these processes. Therefore, the article aims to identify the factors affecting the formation and use of the multi‐purpose cadaster as a multi‐level information system, which allows it to form a systemic environment and develop the theoretical and methodological foundations of the territorial development of regions. As a result, it is established that the multi‐purpose cadaster is a modern information system that forms the basis for the implementation of the European land administration system, provides land and real estate management, taking into account spatial, urban, environmental, and investment factors, and the level of stakeholder interaction at the regional level. Finally, the relevance of the research consists in the fact that military actions, the consequences of the COVID‐19 pandemic, deforming economic transformations, imbalances in regional ties, and social imbalances have a negative impact. In such conditions, the development and implementation of a multi‐purpose cadaster at the regional level are of particular importance, taking into account the impact of spatial, urban, environmental, and investment factors and European experience in implementing land relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Ghana's two-decade journey in developing a digital land information system (LIS), exemplified by Ghana Enterprise Land Information System (GELIS) and Enterprise Land Information System (ELIS). Despite advancements by Ghana's Lands Commission, manual processes persist and coexist with digital ones. Our study uses a qualitative approach to assess the effectiveness of the LIS implemented in Accra. This study found that Accra's LIS is highly aligned with clear institutional mandates, roles, and responsibilities, as well as the availability of laws and policies to support analogue-to-digital conversion. Furthermore, a robust approach to protecting the data, operating system, and software underpins the system. Subsequently, the integration of a digital LIS has enhanced service delivery and accountability. Nonetheless, Accra's LIS is still at the beginning of a comprehensive learning and development curve. Sustaining the LIS requires furtherance in the implementation plan, funding, law implementation, ICT strategy, divisional integration, work processes, data quality, and communication strategy. These findings will inform the next steps of improvement for Accra's LIS and guide its nationwide scaling, contributing to discussions on technology acceptance dynamics in predominantly analogue environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal boundaries are used for delineating the spatial extent of ownership property's spaces. In underground environments, these boundaries are defined by referencing physical objects, surveying measurements, or projections. However, there is a gap in connecting and managing these boundaries and underground legal spaces, due to a lack of data model. A 3D data model supporting underground land administration (ULA) should define and model these boundaries and the relationships between them and underground ownership spaces. Prominent 3D data models can be enriched to model underground legal boundaries. This research aims to propose a new taxonomy of underground legal boundaries and model them by extending CityGML, which is a widely used 3D data model in the geospatial science domain. We developed, implemented, and tested the model for different types of underground legal boundaries. The implemented prototype showcased the potential benefits of CityGML for managing underground legal boundaries in 3D. The proposed 3D underground model can be used to address current challenges associated with communicating and managing legal boundaries in underground environments. While this data model was specifically developed for Victoria, Australia, the proposed model and approach can be used and replicated in other jurisdictions by adjusting the data requirements for underground legal boundaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The land reform of the 1990s created certain economic and environmental prerequisites for efficient land use. However, they are not implemented due to the complete liberalization of the market and the disengagement of the State from land management, the termination of state land administration. Adjustment of the economic course and strategic planning are considered as the initial condition for land use rationalization and further transformations. As a planning tool, it is proposed to implement regional models of agro-industrial production in development of previously used agricultural management systems based on the development of regional GIS for agroecological land assessment and projecting of adaptive landscape farming systems in M 1 : 100 000. For this purpose, a system of integrated land assessment has been developed, and the experience of land administration projecting, landscape planning, and projecting of adaptive landscape farming systems has been generalized. On the basis of its integration, it is planned to develop new land administration on a landscape basis, and, subsequently, agricultural landscapes projecting.

A comparison is made between the land administration systems in Spain and Colombia, examining the various organizations that have responsibilities in cartography, cadastre, and property registration. A brief introduction to each organization is provided. Subsequently, to facilitate a general comparison of the main differences and similarities, aspects such as the ministry affiliation, primary purpose, management type, age of legislation, basic management unit, type of registration, scales, continuity of geographic information, data protection policy, valuation, etc., are studied. In the case of Spain, the key national organizations involved are the National Geographic Institute (IGN), the Directorate General for Cadastre (DGC), and the Spanish Land and Trade Registrars Association (CORPME). In Colombia, the Agustín Codazzi Geographic Institute (IGAC) and the National Land Agency (ANT) and the Superintendencia de Notariao y Registro (SNR), as well as the group of more than 45 cadastral managers authorized at the sub-national level, etc. Finally, the lack of land security in Colombia is explained by the lack of a good cadastre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the activities of FIG (International Federation of Surveyors) Commission 7 about Cadastre and Land Management for the period 2023-2026, which are organized thematically and managed autonomously through eight Working Groups. The terms of reference and the most relevant activities of each Working Group (WG) are included. In recent decades, several standards, guidelines and policy tools have been developed and adopted at the global level, such as the ISO standard on the Land Administration Domain Model or, more briefly, LADM; the fit-for-purpose Land Administration; and the Framework for Effective Land Administration, known as FELA. All these initiatives have contributed to raising awareness to support responsible land governance within the context of the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obtaining geo-data and attributes of spatial units from heterogeneous database systems with different data formats for the same land properties is still one of the main problems. The emerging technologies, such as decentralized databases, distributed networks and big data powered by blockchain, can potentially improve land registration processes. In this article, I developed a data model for a geospatially enabled blockchain infrastructure, using an object-oriented architecture model. Such a model can better find spatio-temporal patterns of land transactions and better query time-varying locations of land properties. Additionally, it will make the land registry system secure and protect privacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cadastral databases have been used for over 20 years, but most contain 2D data. The increasing presence of high-rise buildings with modern architecture complicates the process of determining property rights, restrictions, and responsibilities. It is, therefore, necessary to develop an efficient system for storing and managing multidimensional cadastral data. While there have been attempts to develop 3D cadastral database schemas, a comprehensive solution that meets all the requirements for effective data storage, manipulation, and retrieval has not yet been presented. This study aims to analyse the literature on 3D cadastral databases to identify approaches and technologies for storing and managing these data. Based on a systematic literature review integrated with a snowballing methodology, 108 documents were identified. During the analysis of the related documents, different parameters were extracted, including the conceptual data model, query type, and evaluation metrics, as well as the database management system (DBMS) used and technologies for visualisation, data preparation, data transformation, and the ETL (extract, transform, and load) process. The study emphasised the importance of adhering to database design principles and identified challenges associated with conceptual design, DBMS selection, logical design, and physical design. The study results provide insights for selecting the appropriate standards, technologies, and DBMSs for designing a 3D cadastral database system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of formal and informal land rights are still undocumented worldwide and there is a need for scalable techniques to facilitate that documentation. In this context, sketch mapping based on printed high-resolution satellite or aerial imagery is being promoted as a fit-for-purpose land administration method and can be seen as a promising way to collect cadastral and land use information with the community in a rapid and cost-effective manner. The main disadvantage of paper-based mapping is the need for digitization to facilitate the integration with existing land administration information systems and the sustainable use of the data. Currently, this digitization is mostly done manually, which is time-consuming and error-prone. This article presents the SmartLandMaps approach to land rights mapping and digitization to address this gap. The recording involves the use of sketches during participatory mapping activities to delineate parcel boundaries, and the use of mobile phones to collect attribute information about spatial units and land rights holders. The digitization involves the use of photogrammetric techniques to derive a digital representation from the annotated paper maps, and the use of computer vision techniques to automate the extraction of parcel boundaries and stickers from raster maps. The approach was deployed in four scenarios across Africa, revealing its simplicity, versatility, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness. It can be regarded as a scalable alternative to traditional paper-based participatory land rights mapping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urban growth necessitates focused attention regarding its policy and governance to ensure affordable housing, transparent and efficient real-world systems, reduce social inequalities, and promote sustainable development. This study delves into the semantics and ontology for developing a Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) profile in the context of Pakistan’s Land Administration Systems (LASs), which currently face issues due to manual record-keeping, lack of transparency, frauds, and disintegration. Establishing a baseline through Record of Rights (RoR) and Property Information Report (PIR), alongside surveying and mapping procedures defined by laws and rules, forms the foundation for LADM profile development. This study explores the transition from manual LAS to 2D/3D representation, using LADM as a conceptual guideline. The LADM profile’s three key packages—PK_Party, PK_Administrative, and PK_SpatialUnit—a sub-package, and external classes are examined, with proposals for digitalisation and modernisation. Additionally, the study includes expert consultation, and highlights the significant support that the LADM implementation offers to achieve Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Pakistan. In conclusion, the study underscores the need for a comprehensive and inclusive approach to address organisational overlaps and ambiguities within LAS, positioning PK LADM as a transformative force for sustainable urban LAS in Pakistan, aligning with broader SDGs. Recommendations include exploring realistic land valuation, integrated ownership and location verification systems, addressing historical survey data challenges, and promoting wider stakeholder adoption for sustainable 2D/3D urban LAS using LADM and its edition II as a way forward towards the creation of a smart city and digital twin.

AbstractLand administration institutional arrangements with clear functions, robust coordination, and integrated monitoring and evaluation systems are critical to ensuring sustainable land and housing delivery in rapidly expanding cities. It is also important to benefit the homeless and low-income groups in society. However, urban areas in Ethiopia have faced various challenges in providing land for residential housing development. Moreover, studies on assessing the capacity of urban local governments from an urban land institutional arrangement point of view in Ethiopia were limited. The purpose of this study was to examine the appropriateness of existing urban land administration institutional arrangements to support the effectiveness and efficiency of land delivery for housing development. A comparison of existing capacity to desired capacity is conducted to show the capacity gap in urban land administration institutions. A mixed-methods research approach was used to achieve the study’s objective by utilizing both primary and secondary data sources. Data were collected via questionnaires, interviews, focus group discussions, field observations, and desk reviews. The findings revealed that urban land administration institutions lack functional clarity, have poor vertical and peer coordination, inadequate monitoring and evaluation, and have flawed feedback loops, which hinder the effective and efficient operation of land and housing development. Thus, it needs reforming existing institutional arrangements, which could significantly contribute to existing knowledge by identifying institutional capacity gaps and its exit strategy in urban land administration.

This paper theoretically analyses the mechanism of the ratchet effect of land finance and adaptive expectations on residential land prices and discuss the distort factors and spatial characteristics of residential land price in the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration (YRDUA) from 2008 to 2018. It is found that:(1) Land finance and adaptive expectations significantly drive the long-term growth of residential land prices and maintain the ratchet effect under the interaction. (2) There are significant spatial spillover benefits of residential land prices, and land finance and adaptive expectations not only drive the increase of local residential land prices but also have significant positive benefits on residential land prices in neighbouring areas. (3) Land price distortion is significant in municipalities directly under the central government and provincial capitals. However, residential land prices in cities farther away from large cities are lower than their reasonable values, and the distortion correction coefficient shows a spatially graded distribution spreading from large cities to the periphery. Land finance and adaptive expectations do not make residential land prices in all cities higher than their reasonable values. The above findings have some theoretical and policy implications for optimizing land administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study reports on the outcomes of customary land certification, which comprised formalisation of customary land rights in three chiefdoms in Zambia. Social learning labs, encompassing sharing, learning and reflection phases were at the core of data collection from villagers, traditional leaders and government officials. Results indicate that customary land certification reduced customary land markets and land conflicts, enhanced land tenure security and transparency in customary land administration but reduced communal natural resources management in the study sites. Access to financial credit was indirectly increased, as certification provided customary landowners with proof of residence, a requirement for bank loans. Villagers became emboldened to assert their land rights post certification. The study argues that customary land tenure systems should not be assumed to encapsulate insecure land tenure a priori but customary land certification processes may induce tenure insecurity when they include conditions that present financial costs to land rights claimants and threaten loss of land rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land management has its local dimension in rural, peri-urban, and urban perspectives. Recently China adopted rural revitalization in response to the rapid rural–urban migration and the emergence of hollow villages, characterized by declining and ageing populations, limited economic and social opportunities for residents, and depleting natural resources. It covers political, cultural, social, and ecological progress issues for speeding up local development in rural areas. By taking a specific cross-country approach, this study presents the evolution of adapting the experience of Bavarian rural revitalization to Sichuan, China, through the coordinated, integrated master plan approach. It frames an approach to rural revitalization in China by drawing on Bavarian experiences in rural development. The study is based on a pilot project in the Sichuan Province of China undertaken by the Hanns Seidel Foundation to strengthen the Chinese rural revitalization strategy. It addresses the rural development complexity in China through a locally coordinated, integrated master plan based on adapting rural development principles from Bavaria (Germany) to China. It shows that, at the local level, Germany's rural development principles can be applied to China. It contributes to cross-country, future-orientated support for rural revitalization, strengthening communities, nature protection, and improving the living conditions of rural people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fit-for-purpose land administration (FFPLA) seeks to simplify cadastral mapping via lowering the costs and time associated with conventional surveying methods. This approach can be applied to both the initial establishment and on-going maintenance of the system. In Ethiopia, cadastral maintenance remains an on-going challenge, especially in rapidly urbanizing peri-urban areas, where farmers' land rights and tenure security are often jeopardized. Automatic Feature Extraction (AFE) is an emerging FFPLA approach, proposed as an alternative for mapping and updating cadastral boundaries. This study explores the role of the AFE approach for updating cadastral boundaries in the vibrant peri-urban areas of Addis Ababa. Open-source software solutions were utilized to assess the (semi-) automatic extraction of cadastral boundaries from orthophotos (segmentation), designation of "boundary" and "non-boundary" outlines (classification), and delimitation of cadastral boundaries (interactive delineation). Both qualitative and quantitative assessments of the achieved results (validation) were undertaken. A high-resolution orthophoto of the study area and a reference cadastral boundary shape file were used, respectively, for extracting the parcel boundaries and validating the interactive delineation results. Qualitative (visual) assessment verified the completed extraction of newly constructed cadastral boundaries in the study area, although non-boundary outlines such as footpaths and artifacts were also retrieved. For the buffer overlay analysis, the interactively delineated boundary lines and the reference cadastre were buffered within the spatial accuracy limits for urban and rural cadastres. As a result, the quantitative assessment delivered 52% correctness and 32% completeness for a buffer width of 0.4 m and 0.6 m, respectively, for the interactively delineated and reference boundaries. The study proposed publicly available software solutions and outlined a workflow to (semi-) automatically extract cadastral boundaries from aerial/satellite images. It further demonstrated the potentially significant role AFE could play in delivering fast, affordable, and reliable cadastral mapping. Further investigation, based on user input and expertise evaluation, could help to improve the approach and apply it to a real-world setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Indonesia, "land mafias" (mafia tanah) proliferate, alongside mafias that cluster around other commodities and state functions. We analyze the composition, character, modes, and sources of resilience of Indonesian land mafias, noting similarities with formations elsewhere, especially India. While taking care to avoid reifying the category, we view land mafias as opportunistic networks, or assemblages, of diverse actors including land brokers, investors, lawyers, gangsters, bureaucrats, law enforcement officers, and politicians. Their goal is to harvest rents from the transfer of ownership and control over land. They feature two elements: first, reliance on coercion (not always physical violence but always entailing transfer of property without freely-given consent, often via fraud or manipulation); second, institutional amorphousness crossing the state-society boundary. We analyze four modes of land mafia operation, though their nebulousness defies easy categorization. In explaining land mafia resilience, we acknowledge Indonesia's property boom as a driver, but note that the ubiquity of mafias points to a more fundamental explanation: a variety of state formation involving pervasive engagement by state actors in illegal behavior in collusion with wealthy private actors. Mafias are central to Indonesian state formation, rather than aberrations. Feedback loops that incentivize illegal behavior make land mafias difficult to eradicate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, a green hydrogen economy rush is underway, and many companies, investors, governments, and environmentalists consider it as an energy source that could foster the global energy transition. The enormous potential for hydrogen production, for domestic use and export, places Africa in the spotlight in the green hydrogen economy discourse. This discourse remains unsettled regarding how natural resources, such as land and water, can be sustainably utilized for such a resource-intensive project, and what implications this would have. This review argues that green hydrogen production (GHP) in Africa has consequences where land resources (and their associated natural resources) are concerned. It discusses the current trends in GHP in Africa, and the possibilities for reducing any potential pressures it may put on land and other resource use on the continent. The approach of the review is interpretive, and hinges on answering three questions, concerning the what, why, and how of GHP and its land consequences in Africa. The review is based on 41 studies identified from Google Scholar, and sources identified via snowballed recommendations from experts. The GHP implications identified relate to land and water use, mining-related land stress, and environmental, ecological, and land-related socioeconomic consequences. The paper concludes that GHP may not foster the global energy transition, as is being opined by many renewable energy enthusiasts but, rather, could help foster this transition as part of a greener energy mix. It notes that African countries that have the potential for GHP require the institutionalization of, or a change in, their existing approaches to land-related energy governance systems, in order to achieve success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Act for the Commutation of Tithes, long-awaited and finally passed in 1836, receives almost no critical attention today. Thanks to the relative success with which commutation handled a taxing system that was as embedded as it was cruel, tithe maps – considered the most complete description of the agrarian landscape at any period – have been glossed over by literary studies. This article responds to calls in map studies to shift focus onto the materiality of maps and their historical conditions of circulation by considering the church door as a noticeboard for the Act. It does so through an analysis of George Eliot's Silas Marner, a novella that was set pre-commutation but written in the same year as the Tithe Amendment Act and that bears a striking, but hitherto unexamined, resemblance to the century's most infamous tithe story. Reassessing Silas's crises of the threshold and the novella's "at once occult and familiar" world means we not only complicate the novella's fairytale status but also introduce Tithe Commutation to more critical conversations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land administration and project delivery play crucial roles in the socioeconomic development of any nation. In Nigeria, the duo faces significant challenges, resulting in inefficiencies and hindered development. This calls for concern and possibly solution to the identified challenges. This works looks at the issues and challenges faced in land administration and project delivery in Nigeria. The study addressed various aspects of land administration and project delivery in Nigeria. The review highlights key challenges and proposes potential solutions and the way forward for effective land administration and project delivery in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In its development, the tendency of an agrarian society has shown how important the land sector is for rural communities to develop and improve their economy through the land sector. Thus, this PKM activity is important because the idea of ​​a legal policy regarding the digitization of land administration must be well organized to accelerate the development process and as a basis for the legal settlement process. The method of implementing this PKM activity has several steps such as identifying initial problems through observation and interviews, socializing the arrangement of digitizing land administration based on legal policies, carrying out FGDs, and evaluating PKM activities systematically. The results of the PKM activity in Gobah Village showed that this activity was carried out in three main sessions, namely registration of participants and opening of the event, resource persons giving presentations, and FGD sessions with local communities. Then this activity can be said to have been carried out well, but there are still some notes that need to be carried out regularly to improve the quality of land data.

Land to people interaction is an old phenomenon that has occurred throughout human history. The scope and nature of the relationship has been changing over time as a result of continuous and disruptive socio-cultural and technological changes. Human civilizations observed in the past as well as the current rapid technological advancements and high rate of urbanization, along with the need for sustainable development are driving for changes in land to people interactions. However, studies and scientific discourses on examining the changing people-land relationships and the co-evolving need to manage or govern land are scarce. This paper, therefore, aimed to offer an understanding on how the concept of land administration evolved from the complexities involved in the changing people to land relationships. To achieve the objective of the paper, desk review research approach was employed. The review demonstrates that various forms, designations, functions of land administration have been evolved over the history of human being as a response to manage the changing people to land relationships. Thus, it is plausible to assume that the notion of land administration is deeply founded in human history and is one of the oldest professions that support humanity. Finally, this study underlines that land administration as a subject or concept is constantly evolving due to the changing nature of people's perception towards land and it is also expected to continue to co-evolve and respond to address societal needs at a particular time.

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