22 results on '"land cover and use"'
Search Results
2. Multitemporal Analysis of Urban Expansion in the Municipality of Madrid, Cundinamarca, between 1977 and 2020
- Author
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César Augusto García and María Fernanda Culma Tamara
- Subjects
land cover and use ,geographic information systems ,urban expansion ,multitemporal analysis ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 - Abstract
Context: Given the increasing population concentration, both the proximity of the town of Madrid to the city of Bogotá and the growing metropolitan area around the latter have a significant influence on the increased urbanization and the change in land use in the town of Madrid, Cundinamarca. Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out a multitemporal analysis of the change in coverage and land use caused by urban expansion in the municipality of Madrid between 1977 and 2020. Methodology: Satellite images were observed through supervised classification, following the Corine Land Cover methodology, which was adapted for the Colombian context, and utilizing geographic information systems. Area variation analyses were performed for each classification in each of the evaluated years. Results: The data obtained show that the forest cover area and seminatural zones have been reduced by 86% in a period of 43 years, and that artificial territories have progressively become predominant in each of the years, even reaching a coverage greater than 50% of the municipality area. The agricultural territories have maintained 66,95% of the surface of the municipality, and they correspond the land use with the largest occupied area for the evaluated period, which shows the importance of the soil for the economic development of the population. Conclusions: This situation shows that population growth and urban expansion cause variations in coverage and land uses. Their valuation is an aspect that must be considered when elaborating development plans for municipal entities.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Multitemporal Analysis of Urban Expansion in the Municipality of Madrid, Cundinamarca, between 1977 and 2020.
- Author
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Culma-Tamara, María Fernanda and Augusto García-Ubaque, César
- Subjects
URBAN land use ,CENSUS ,LAND cover ,ZONING ,URBAN planning - Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Environmental Zoning in a Context of Strong Pressure from Productivist Agriculture in Brazil's Northeast: The Case of the Ipojuca River, Pernambuco, Brazil.
- Author
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Gomes Oliveira, Anderson, Souza Machado, Ricardo Augusto, and Lois González, Rubén Camilo
- Subjects
LAND cover ,SUSTAINABILITY ,STREAM restoration ,ZONING ,BODIES of water ,ECOLOGICAL modernization - Abstract
The purpose of this work was the conceptual elaboration of a proposed zoning based on the concepts of recovery, rehabilitation, and restoration, for the Ipojuca watershed, located in the state of Pernambuco, in the north-eastern region of Brazil. It also sought to bring together a set of technical and normative instruments capable of being articulated in environmental policies that have river restoration as the main exponent of ecological and sustainability criteria. Data from the MapBiomas project, which aims to map the annual land cover and use in Brazil, and rainfall data from the stations located in the study area, were used as a basis for the zoning. From the combination of these databases, three sectors with similar characteristics were established, which served as the basis for the zoning. The overlap shown in these data confirmed the influence of the rainfall pattern on the characteristics of the land cover and pattern of use in each sector, where agricultural activities and urbanisation have played a decisive role in the degradation of water bodies and their bordering environments along the watershed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Environmental Zoning in a Context of Strong Pressure from Productivist Agriculture in Brazil’s Northeast: The Case of the Ipojuca River, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Author
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Anderson Gomes Oliveira, Ricardo Augusto Souza Machado, and Rubén Camilo Lois González
- Subjects
environmental zoning ,land cover and use ,river restoration ,Ipojuca River ,Agriculture - Abstract
The purpose of this work was the conceptual elaboration of a proposed zoning based on the concepts of recovery, rehabilitation, and restoration, for the Ipojuca watershed, located in the state of Pernambuco, in the north-eastern region of Brazil. It also sought to bring together a set of technical and normative instruments capable of being articulated in environmental policies that have river restoration as the main exponent of ecological and sustainability criteria. Data from the MapBiomas project, which aims to map the annual land cover and use in Brazil, and rainfall data from the stations located in the study area, were used as a basis for the zoning. From the combination of these databases, three sectors with similar characteristics were established, which served as the basis for the zoning. The overlap shown in these data confirmed the influence of the rainfall pattern on the characteristics of the land cover and pattern of use in each sector, where agricultural activities and urbanisation have played a decisive role in the degradation of water bodies and their bordering environments along the watershed.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Degradação de fitofisionomias do Cerrado e impactos erosivos hídricos lineares no sudoeste de Goiás - Brasil.
- Author
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Dias Nunes, Elizon and Simões de Castro, Selma
- Abstract
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- Published
- 2021
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- View/download PDF
7. Automated Production of a Land Cover/Use Map of Europe Based on Sentinel-2 Imagery
- Author
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Radek Malinowski, Stanisław Lewiński, Marcin Rybicki, Ewa Gromny, Małgorzata Jenerowicz, Michał Krupiński, Artur Nowakowski, Cezary Wojtkowski, Marcin Krupiński, Elke Krätzschmar, and Peter Schauer
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land cover and use ,CORINE land cover ,High Resolution Layers (HRL) ,machine learning ,multi-temporal ,random forest ,Science - Abstract
Up-to-date information about the Earth’s surface provided by land cover maps is essential for numerous environmental and land management applications. There is, therefore, a clear need for the continuous and reliable monitoring of land cover and land cover changes. The growing availability of high resolution, regularly collected remote sensing data can support the increasing number of applications that require high spatial resolution products that are frequently updated (e.g., annually). However, large-scale operational mapping requires a highly-automated data processing workflow, which is currently lacking. To address this issue, we developed a methodology for the automated classification of multi-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery. The method uses a random forest classifier and existing land cover/use databases as the source of training samples. In order to demonstrate its operability, the method was implemented on a large part of the European continent, with CORINE Land Cover and High-Resolution Layers as training datasets. A land cover/use map for the year 2017 was produced, composed of 13 classes. An accuracy assessment, based on nearly 52,000 samples, revealed high thematic overall accuracy (86.1%) on a continental scale, and average overall accuracy of 86.5% at country level. Only low-frequency classes obtained lower accuracies and we recommend that their mapping should be improved in the future. Additional modifications to the classification legend, notably the fusion of thematically and spectrally similar vegetation classes, increased overall accuracy to 89.0%, and resulted in ten, general classes. A crucial aspect of the presented approach is that it embraces all of the most important elements of Earth observation data processing, enabling accurate and detailed (10 m spatial resolution) mapping with no manual user involvement. The presented methodology demonstrates possibility for frequent and repetitive operational production of large-scale land cover maps.
- Published
- 2020
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8. The Use of the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) Database for Analyzing Urban Sprawl
- Author
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Iwona Cieślak, Andrzej Biłozor, and Karol Szuniewicz
- Subjects
urban and regional planning ,land cover and use ,urbanization ,land management ,gis tools ,Science - Abstract
Urban sprawl is generally defined as the urbanization of space adjacent to a city, which results from that city’s development. The discussed phenomenon involves land development, mainly agricultural land, in the proximity of cities, the development of infrastructure, and an increase in the number of residents who rely on urban services and commute to work in the city. Urban sprawl generates numerous problems which, in the broadest sense, result from the difficulty in identifying the boundaries of the central urban unit and the participation of local inhabitants, regardless of their actual place of residence, in that unit’s functional costs. These problems are associated not only with tax collection rights but with difficulties in measuring the extent of urban sprawl in research and local governance. The aim of this study was to analyze the applicability of the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database for monitoring urbanization processes, including the dynamic process of urban sprawl. Polish cities with county rights, i.e., cities that implement independent spatial planning policies, were analyzed in the study to determine the pattern of urban sprawl in various types of cities. Buffer zones composed of municipalities that are directly adjacent to the central urban unit were mapped around the analyzed cities. The study proposes a novel method for measuring the extent of suburbanization with the use of the CLC database and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The developed method relies on the overgrowth of urbanization (OU) index calculated based on CLC data. The OU index revealed differences in the rate of urbanization in three groups of differently sized Polish cities. The analysis covered two periods: 2006−2012 and 2012−2018, and it revealed that urban sprawl in the examined cities proceeded in an unstable manner over time. The results of the present study indicate that the CLC database is a reliable source of information about urbanization processes.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Multitemporal Analysis of Urban Expansion in the Municipality of Madrid, Cundinamarca, between 1977 and 2020
- Author
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Culma Tamara, María Fernanda, García Ubaque, Cesar Augusto, Culma Tamara, María Fernanda, and García Ubaque, Cesar Augusto
- Abstract
Context: Given the increasing population concentration, both the proximity of the town of Madrid to the city of Bogotá and the growing metropolitan area around the latter have a significant influence on the increased urbanization and the change in land use in the town of Madrid, Cundinamarca. Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out a multitemporal analysis of the change in coverage and land use caused by urban expansion in the municipality of Madrid between 1977 and 2020. Methodology: Satellite images were observed through supervised classification, following the Corine Land Cover methodology, which was adapted for the Colombian context, and utilizing geographic information systems. Area variation analyses were performed for each classification in each of the evaluated years. Results: The data obtained show that the forest cover area and seminatural zones have been reduced by 86% in a period of 43 years, and that artificial territories have progressively become predominant in each of the years, even reaching a coverage greater than 50% of the municipality area. The agricultural territories have maintained 66,95% of the surface of the municipality, and they correspond the land use with the largest occupied area for the evaluated period, which shows the importance of the soil for the economic development of the population. Conclusions: This situation shows that population growth and urban expansion cause variations in coverage and land uses. Their valuation is an aspect that must be considered when elaborating development plans for municipal entities., Contexto: Debido a la creciente concentración demográfica, tanto la proximidad de la localidad de Madrid a la ciudad de Bogotá como el crecimiento del área metropolitana en torno a esta última tienen una influencia significativa en el aumento de la urbanización y el cambio de uso del suelo en la localidad de Madrid, Cundinamarca. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis multitemporal del cambio de cobertura y uso del suelo causados por la expansión urbana en el municipio de Madrid, Cundinamarca, entre 1977 y 2020. Metodología: Se observaron imágenes satelitales por medio de clasificación supervisada, siguiendo la metodología Corine Land Cover adaptada para el contexto colombiano y utilizando sistemas de información geográfica. Se realizaron análisis de variación de área para cada clasificación en cada uno de los años evaluados. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos muestran que el área de cobertura de bosques y las áreas semi naturales se han reducido en un 86 % en un periodo de 43 años y que los territorios artificiales han predominado en cada uno de los años de manera progresiva, llegando incluso a una cobertura superior al 50 % del área del municipio. Los territorios agrícolas han mantenido un 66,95 % de la superficie del municipio, y estos corresponden al uso de la tierra con la mayor área de ocupación para el territorio evaluado, lo cual muestra la importancia del suelo para el desarrollo económico de la población. Conclusiones: Esta situación evidencia que el crecimiento de la población y la expansión urbana ocasiona variaciones en las coberturas y usos del suelo. Su valorización es un aspecto a considerar cuando se elaboran planes de desarrollo para entidades municipales.
- Published
- 2022
10. Análisis multitemporal de la expansión urbana en el municipio de Madrid, Cundinamarca, entre 1977 y 2020
- Author
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Culma-Tamara, María Fernanda and García-Ubaque, César Augusto
- Subjects
geographic information systems ,análisis multitemporal ,sistemas de información geográfica ,expansión urbana ,land cover and use ,cobertura y uso del suelo ,urban expansion ,multitemporal analysis - Abstract
Context: Given the increasing population concentration, both the proximity of the town of Madrid to the city of Bogotá and the growing metropolitan area around the latter have a significant influence on the increased urbanization and the change in land use in the town of Madrid, Cundinamarca. Objective: The objective of this study was to carry out a multitemporal analysis of the change in coverage and land use caused by urban expansion in the municipality of Madrid between 1977 and 2020. Methodology: Satellite images were observed through supervised classification, following the Corine Land Cover methodology, which was adapted for the Colombian context, and utilizing geographic information systems. Area variation analyses were performed for each classification in each of the evaluated years. Results: The data obtained show that the forest cover area and seminatural zones have been reduced by 86% in a period of 43 years, and that artificial territories have progressively become predominant in each of the years, even reaching a coverage greater than 50% of the municipality area. The agricultural territories have maintained 66,95% of the surface of the municipality, and they correspond the land use with the largest occupied area for the evaluated period, which shows the importance of the soil for the economic development of the population. Conclusions: This situation shows that population growth and urban expansion cause variations in coverage and land uses. Their valuation is an aspect that must be considered when elaborating development plans for municipal entities. Resumen Contexto: Debido a la creciente concentración demográfica, tanto la proximidad de la localidad de Madrid a la ciudad de Bogotá como el crecimiento del área metropolitana en torno a esta última tienen una influencia significativa en el aumento de la urbanización y el cambio de uso del suelo en la localidad de Madrid, Cundinamarca. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue realizar un análisis multitemporal del cambio de cobertura y uso del suelo causados por la expansión urbana en el municipio de Madrid, Cundinamarca, entre 1977 y 2020. Metodología: Se observaron imágenes satelitales por medio de clasificación supervisada, siguiendo la metodología Corine Land Cover adaptada para el contexto colombiano y utilizando sistemas de información geográfica. Se realizaron análisis de variación de área para cada clasificación en cada uno de los años evaluados. Resultados: Los datos obtenidos muestran que el área de cobertura de bosques y las áreas semi naturales se han reducido en un 86 % en un periodo de 43 años y que los territorios artificiales han predominado en cada uno de los años de manera progresiva, llegando incluso a una cobertura superior al 50 % del área del municipio. Los territorios agrícolas han mantenido un 66,95 % de la superficie del municipio, y estos corresponden al uso de la tierra con la mayor área de ocupación para el territorio evaluado, lo cual muestra la importancia del suelo para el desarrollo económico de la población. Conclusiones: Esta situación evidencia que el crecimiento de la población y la expansión urbana ocasiona variaciones en las coberturas y usos del suelo. Su valorización es un aspecto a considerar cuando se elaboran planes de desarrollo para entidades municipales.
- Published
- 2022
11. Monitoring and assessment of land-use and land-cover changes in high mountains of Turkey
- Author
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Erpay, Serdar, Ateşoğlu, Ayhan, and Bartın Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü
- Subjects
Land cover and use ,Earth map ,Dünya haritası ,Arazi kullanımı ,Land use ,Arazi kullanım değişimi ,Arazi örtüsü ve kullanımı ,Land use change - Abstract
Dünya yüzeyinin yaklaşık %27'si dağlarla kaplıdır ve dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık %15'ü dağlık alanlarda yaşarlar. Ayrıca, Dünya nüfusunun yaklaşık yarısı temel gereksinimleri bakımından dağlık alanlara bağlıdır. Gıda arzı, tatlı su ihtiyacı, biyoçeşitlilik, maden kaynakları vb. bakımından dağlık alanlar birçok ihtiyaca cevap vermektedir. Dağlık alanlar ekolojik, estetik ve sosyoekonomik ihtiyaçlar için de son derece önemli alanlardır. Dağlık alanlar iklim değişikliği ve iklim değişikliğinin etkilerinin değerlendirilmesi noktasında da önemli rol oynamaktadırlar. İnsan faaliyetleri sonucu dağlık alanlardaki arazi kullanım sorunları, iklim değişikliğini de tetiklemektedir. Bu nedenle dağlık alanlarda insan kaynaklı arazi değişimleri, iklim değişikliğine yönelik ekolojik parametrelerin izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi son derece önem arz etmektedir. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye yüksek dağ ekosistemlerinin potansiyel durumu, ekolojik parametrelerdeki uzun yıllar eğilimlerinin tespiti ve sonuçların küresel iklim değişikliği çerçevesinde değerlendirmesi amaçlanmıştır. Tez kapsamında, temel altlık olarak Küresel Dağ Araştırmalarının (K3) sınıflandırmasına göre, Türkiye'deki Yüksek ve Dağınık Yüksek Dağ Sınıfları temel çalışma alanı olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışmada çok amaçlı arazi izleme ve değerlendirme yazılımı olan ve FAO tarafından geliştirilen Collect Earth yazılımı kullanılmıştır. Çalışma alanı için toplam 4018 parsel deneme alanı (0.5 ha) için veri üretilmiş ve veriler tüm alana enterpole edilmiştir. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, çalışma alanı içerisindeki en büyük arazi kullanım sınıfları Orman ve Mera alanlarıdır. Yüksek ve Dağınık Yüksek Dağ Sınıflarının arazi örtüsü/kullanım alanlarının 2000-2022 yılları arasındaki değişimi incelendiğinde Orman alanlarının 179376,40 ha azaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Yerleşim alanı ise alansal artış olarak en yüksek artışı gösteren sınıf olmuştur. Yüksek ve Dağınık Yüksek Dağ Sınıfları içerisindeki NDVI değişim alanları incelendiğinde, toplam 2472831,6 ha vejetasyon artışı göstermiş alanlar statüsünde yer almıştır. Bu değişim arazi sınıfları içerisinde vejetasyona bağlı iyileşme alanları olarak yorumlanabilir. NDVI artışının en çok yaşandığı arazi kullanım sınıflarının da Orman ve Mera sınıfları olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yüksek ve Dağınık Yüksek Dağ Sınıfları içerisindeki ekolojik etmenlerin değişimleri incelendiğinde, yağışların düşüş eğiliminde, gerçekleşen maksimum ve minimum sıcaklıkların artış eğiliminde, benzer olarak evapotranspirasyon değişimlerinin ve iklimsel su açığının artış eğilimde olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Approximately 27% of Earth's surface is covered by mountainous areas in which about 15% of the total population of the world is settled. Moreover, almost half of the population in the world is dependent on the mountainous area regarding the essential needs. Mountainous areas supply the requirements including food supply, need for freshwater, biodiversity, and mineral resources. Mountainous fields play a crucial role in terms of ecology, aesthetics, and socioeconomic needs. They have a significant place in climate change and the evaluation of its consequences. The problems of land cover/use in mountainous areas caused by human interference lead to climate change. Thus, it is of high importance to monitor and evaluate the human-based alteration of the land and ecological parameters for climate change. The current study aims to assess the potential condition of high mountain ecosystems in Turkey, its long-term inclination in the ecological parameters, and to evaluate its results within the scope of global climate change. In this study, the High and Scattered High Mountains in Turkey was selected as a base map according to the K3 classification presented by Global Mountain Explorer. In addition, Collect Earth software, which is a multi-purpose observation and evaluation software developed by FAO, was used. For the study field, data were generated for the 4018 plot (0.5 ha) area and they were interpolated to these areas. The results of the analysis revealed that Forest and Grassland has the largest land use area. When the change in land use and land cover of High and Scattered High Mountain classes between 2000-2022 were analysed, it was determined that the Forest area decreased to 179376.40 ha. On the other hand, the Settlement area was the one with the highest increase. A vegetation increase to 2472831. 6 ha was observed when the NDVI change areas in High and Scattered High Mountain Classes were examined. This vegetation increase was possibly interpreted as an improvement depending on the vegetation within the land classes. The highest increase of NDVI was observed in the forest and grassland. Considering the changes in ecological elements in High and Scattered High Mountain Classes, it was observed that precipitations had a tendency to decrease while the maximum and minimum temperatures increase. Similarly, the evapotranspiration changes and climatic water deficit was detected to increase.
- Published
- 2022
12. Degradação de fitofisionomias do Cerrado e impactos erosivos hídricos lineares no sudoeste de Goiás - Brasil
- Author
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Nunes,Elizon Dias and Castro,Selma Simões de
- Subjects
Land cover and Use ,Impacto Ambiental ,Environmental Impact ,Multitemporal Analysis Linear Erosion ,Cobertura e Uso do Solo ,Análise Multitemporal Erosão Linear - Abstract
Changes in soil cover and use have become a leading environmental degradation factor, especially soil erosion. In the last four decades, Cerrado environments have undergone an intense conversion to anthropic use, especially agriculture, bare soil and, mainly, pasture. This work evaluates the relationship between these changes and water erosion, highlighting the most affected phytophysiognomies and the consequent emergence of critically degraded areas. The methodology comprises the correlation between the CP factor dynamics (Land cover and use and management practices) of each phytophysiognomy class and land use from 1985 to 2014 and the density of outbreaks and area of erosive contribution in 2014. The results indicate that the period 1985-1995 was noteworthy for converting Savannah, Thin Savanna, and Typical Savanna to Agriculture, Bare Soil and Pasture, while the period 1995-2005, consolidated this type of use. In 2005-2014 there was a low conversion of phytophysiognomies and consequently increased consolidation by anthropic use. The areas with a high density of up to 3.5/km², a high percentage of erosive contribution (up to 48%), and in critical stages of degradation are associated with converting these three phytophysiognomies to Bare Soil and mainly Pasture, both of high CP values. Throughout the period, 53.32 % of the erosive contribution area was due to the same type of conversion. Another 33.88 % occurred in areas where similar use already prevailed in 1985 and persisted in this condition all through the analyzed period. Resumo Mudanças na cobertura e uso do solo vêm se tornando um dos principais fatores de degradação ambiental, especialmente na forma de erosão dos solos. Neste contexto, nas últimas quatro décadas os ambientes de Cerrado passaram por intenso processo de conversão da cobertura vegetal em uso antrópico, em especial agricultura, solo exposto e, principalmente, pastagem. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a relação entre essas mudanças e os processos erosivos hídricos, ressaltando as fitofisionomias mais afetadas e o consequente surgimento de áreas críticas quanto a degradação. A metodologia compreendeu a correlação entre a dinâmica do fator CP (cobertura/uso e práticas de manejo) de cada classe de fitofisionomia e uso de 1985 a 2014 e a densidade de focos e respectiva área de contribuição erosiva em 2014. Os resultados indicam que o período 1985-1995 foi marcado pela conversão de Cerradão, Cerrado Ralo e Cerrado Típico em Agricultura, Solo Exposto e Pastagem e no período 1995-2005 houve consolidação desses tipos de uso. No período 2005-2014 houve pouca conversão de fitofisionomias e aumento da consolidação por uso antrópico. As áreas com elevada densidade de focos, de até 3,5/km², e elevado percentual de contribuição erosiva de até 48 %, bem como aquelas em estágios críticos de degradação estão associadas à conversão dessas três fitofisionomias para Solo Exposto e, principalmente, Pastagem, ambos de elevados valores CP. Em todo o período 53,32 % da área de contribuição erosiva resultaram deste mesmo tipo de conversão e outros 33,88 % ocorreram em áreas nas quais em 1985 já predominavam esses mesmos tipos de uso e que permaneceram nessa condição por todo o período analisado.
- Published
- 2021
13. ASSESSMENT OF THE LONG-TERM EFFECTS OF GLOBAL CHANGES WITHIN THE ROMANIAN NATURAL PROTECTED AREAS.
- Author
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PETRIŞOR, Alexandru-Ionuţ
- Subjects
PROTECTED areas ,CLIMATE change ,LAND cover ,BIODIVERSITY - Abstract
The global changes (climate changes, land cover and use changes, and alterations of energy flows) affect our global phenomena. These phenomena are even more important in the natural protected areas, which are pristine places designated to preserve our biodiversity within the limits of the carrying capacity of ecosystems. The present study used spatial data to look at the effects of global changes within the Romanian natural protected areas. The results indicate that high temperatures and low precipitations menace the protected areas from mountain areas and to a lesser extent those in the wetlands. The transitional dynamics of land cover and use changes do not differ from the national ones and consist of antagonistic phenomena affecting forests (deforestation and reforestation), and, to a lesser extent, agriculture (abandonment and development), waters and wetlands (floods and draughts), and man-dominated systems (urbanization). The findings suggest that unplanned development incurs environmental costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
14. Multi-purpose land monitoring using the Collect Earth: A case study of the Upper Sakarya basin, Turkey
- Author
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Mandacı, Cansu, Ateşoğlu, Ayhan, and Bartın Üniversitesi
- Subjects
Net birincil üretim ,Yukarı Sakarya Havzası ,Land cover and use ,Land degradation neutrality ,Arazi tahribatının dengelenmesi ,Arazi örtüsü ve kullanımı ,Google earth engine ,Collect earth ,Upper Sakarya Basin ,Net primary productivity - Abstract
Türkiye'deki Yukarı Sakarya Havzası; tarım, orman, mera ve yerleşim arazi sınıflarını barındıran etkin sanayi, tarım ve kültür peyzajın parçası olan ekosistemin etkin noktalarından biridir. Ayrıca, barındırdığı nüfus ve mevcut peyzajı gereği ekosistem hizmetlerinin sürdürülebilirliği açısından, arazi örtüsü ve arazi kullanımının izlenmesi ve değerlendirilmesi gerekli ana havzadır. Bu nedenle Yukarı Sakarya Havzası Global Environment Facility (GEF) projesi kapsamında da çalışılmaktadır. Bu çalışanın amacı, Arazi Tahribatının Dengelenmesi (ATD) kapsamındaki arazi kullanımı/örtüsü değişimi, arazi üretkenlik değeri, kayıp/kazanç alanlarının tespitine yönelik somut verilere ulaşmak, GEF projesi kapsamında çalışmalara da veri sağlayarak mevcut proje sonuçlarına katkıda bulunmaktır. Amaca uygun metodoloji olarak Birleşmiş Milletler Gıda ve Tarım Örgütü (FAO) tarafından kullanılan Collect Earth (CE) yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, 2000-2020 yılları arasında arazi örtü/kulanım sınıfları değişimi, kazanç alanları orman alanları lehine gerçekleşirken, kayıp alanları yerleşim alanları lehine gerçekleşmiştir. Bitki indeksi verilerine göre belirlenmiş iyileşme/yeşillenme alanlarını kapsayan kazanç alanları, bozulum/çölleşme alanlarını kapsayan kayıp alanlarının yaklaşık 5 katı büyüklüğündedir. Aynı oran Net Birincil Üretim (NPP) artışlarına da yansımıştır. Çalışma kapsamında, ATD kapsamında bir alandaki değişim parametrelerden ilk ikisi olan arazi örtüsü ve kullanımı ve NPP verilerine ulaşılmıştır. Diğer kriter olan Toprak Organik Karbonu (TOK) verisi bu çalışmada eksik kalmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, Collect Earth yöntemi kullanılarak UNCCD'nin ATD'ye yönelik ilerleme raporlama göstergelerinden iki ana kriter tespit edilmiş ve ilgili metodolojinin arazi izleme ve değerlendirme çalışmalarındaki etkinliğini kanıtlamış Upper Sakarya Basin in Turkey, which has Cropland, Forestland, Grassland, forest, pastureland and settlements characteristics, is an effective part of the ecosystem including industry, agriculture and culture landscape. In addition, it is the main basin that needs to be monitored and evaluated for land cover and land use in terms of the sustainability of ecosystem services due to its population and current landscape. Therefore, some studies have been conducted within the scope of the Upper Sakarya Basin Global Environment Facility (GEF) project. The goal of this study is to collect tangible data for the determination of land use/cover change, land productivity, loss / gain areas within the scope of Land Degradation Neutrality (LDN), and to contribute to the existing project results by providing data to the studies within the scope of the GEF project. As a relevant methodology, the Collect Earth (CE) method was used by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was employed. The findings showed that between 2000 and 2020, land use/cover classes change was in favor of forest areas, while loss areas were in favor of residential areas. According to the plant index data, the gain areas covering the improvement/greening areas were determined to be about 5 times the size of the lost areas covering the degradation/desertification areas. The same proportion was reflected in the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) increases. In this study, the first two of the change parameters in an area within the scope of LDN, land cover and use, and NPP data were collected. The other criterion, Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) data are missing in this study. As a result of this study, two main criteria were determined among the UNCCD's progress reporting indicators for LDN and proved the effectiveness of the relevant methodology in land monitoring and evaluation studies by using the Collect Earth method.
- Published
- 2021
15. Prijedlog unapređenja topografskog modela CROTIS 2.0 – Objektna cjelina Pokrov i korištenje zemljišta
- Author
-
Baričević, Vladimir, Župan, Robert, Landek, Ivan, and Šantek, Damir
- Subjects
CROTIS ,land cover and use ,topography ,BTD ,Pokrov i korištenje zemljišta ,topografija ,TTB ,CROTIS, Pokrov i korištenje zemljišta, topografija, TTB - Abstract
U Republici Hrvatskoj temeljem STOKIS-a (Službenog topografsko-kartografskog informacijskog sustava) izrađen je model podataka CROTIS (Hrvatski topografsko-informacijski sustav), a na temelju CROTIS-a 2.0 za područje cijele države Temeljna topografska baza (TTB). U radu se opisuje CROTIS koji je, zbog napretka tehnologije, potrebnih poboljšanja uslijed potreba korisnika ili promjena u prostoru i propusta kod izrade prethodnih inačica, do danas imao više inačica. Do sada je izrađeno više prijedloga poboljšanja cijelog modela podataka, ali i određenih tematskih cjelina. Prijedlog izmjena modela CROTIS odnosi se na tematske cjeline: Promet, Građevine, Hidrografiju i Temeljni paket. U ovom će se radu dati i prijedlog poboljšanja za tematsku cjelinu Pokrov i korištenje zemljišta., In the Republic of Croatia, based on the Official Topographic-Cartographic Information System STOKIS, a Croatian Topographic Information System CROTIS data model was developed. Based on CROTIS 2.0, a basic topographic database (BTB) was created for the entire country. The paper describes CROTIS, which has had several versions to date due to advances in technology, necessary improvements because of user needs or changes in space and omissions in the development of previous versions. So far, several suggestions for improvement have been made for the entire data model, as well as certain thematic units. The proposed changes to the CROTIS model refer to the thematic units Transport, Buildings, Hydrography and the basic package. In this paper, a proposal for improvement for the thematic unit of Land Cover and Land Use will be given.
- Published
- 2021
16. The Use of the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) Database for Analyzing Urban Sprawl
- Author
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Karol Szuniewicz, Andrzej Biłozor, and Iwona Cieślak
- Subjects
Suburbanization ,Geographic information system ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,Land management ,urbanization ,02 engineering and technology ,Land cover ,computer.software_genre ,01 natural sciences ,gis tools ,Urbanization ,lcsh:Science ,urban and regional planning ,land cover and use ,land management ,GIS tools ,Spatial planning ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Database ,business.industry ,Urban sprawl ,021107 urban & regional planning ,Geography ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,lcsh:Q ,Land development ,business ,computer - Abstract
Urban sprawl is generally defined as the urbanization of space adjacent to a city, which results from that city’s development. The discussed phenomenon involves land development, mainly agricultural land, in the proximity of cities, the development of infrastructure, and an increase in the number of residents who rely on urban services and commute to work in the city. Urban sprawl generates numerous problems which, in the broadest sense, result from the difficulty in identifying the boundaries of the central urban unit and the participation of local inhabitants, regardless of their actual place of residence, in that unit’s functional costs. These problems are associated not only with tax collection rights but with difficulties in measuring the extent of urban sprawl in research and local governance. The aim of this study was to analyze the applicability of the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database for monitoring urbanization processes, including the dynamic process of urban sprawl. Polish cities with county rights, i.e., cities that implement independent spatial planning policies, were analyzed in the study to determine the pattern of urban sprawl in various types of cities. Buffer zones composed of municipalities that are directly adjacent to the central urban unit were mapped around the analyzed cities. The study proposes a novel method for measuring the extent of suburbanization with the use of the CLC database and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The developed method relies on the overgrowth of urbanization (OU) index calculated based on CLC data. The OU index revealed differences in the rate of urbanization in three groups of differently sized Polish cities. The analysis covered two periods: 2006−2012 and 2012−2018, and it revealed that urban sprawl in the examined cities proceeded in an unstable manner over time. The results of the present study indicate that the CLC database is a reliable source of information about urbanization processes.
- Published
- 2020
17. Land Cover and Use Change in Utah: A Comparison of Field- vs. Aerial Image-Based Observations
- Author
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Bakken, Jennifer Lynn
- Subjects
Forest Inventory & Analysis (FIA) ,Land cover and use ,Forest disturbance ,Change agents ,Image-based Change Estimation (ICE) ,Forest Sciences - Abstract
The Image-based Change Estimation program (ICE) was developed by the US Forest Service Forest Inventory & Analysis (FIA) program and the Geospatial Technology Applications Center in response to the 2014 Farm Bill calling for more timely and accurate estimates of land cover and use change. ICE monitors change throughout the US on a state by state basis by assessing each FIA plot using high resolution imagery from two dates in time. In the western US, FIA measures 10% of the plots each year to report on status, trends, and sustainability of our Nation���s forests. However, this 10 year cycle misses disturbances because a temporal gap occurs from disturbance event to measurement. This study compares field- and image-based observations of land cover and use change to improve sampling procedures in Utah. Image-based data collected from 2011 and 2014 imagery and field-based plots measured between 2011 and 2016 are compared using three methods to compile the ICE data, termed hierarchical, majority, and point center, to determine a standardized system and better understand their relationships. Additionally, ICE change agents were compared with causes of tree mortality observed on FIA forest plots to assess how well ICE evaluates causes of change and the differences of change vs. mortality agents were explored by conducting a second review of the imagery to find trends in data discrepancies. This knowledge can help image interpreters better recognize and identify change.
- Published
- 2018
18. Automated Production of a Land Cover/Use Map of Europe Based on Sentinel-2 Imagery.
- Author
-
Malinowski, Radek, Lewiński, Stanisław, Rybicki, Marcin, Gromny, Ewa, Jenerowicz, Małgorzata, Krupiński, Michał, Nowakowski, Artur, Wojtkowski, Cezary, Krupiński, Marcin, Krätzschmar, Elke, and Schauer, Peter
- Subjects
- *
LAND cover , *SURFACE of the earth , *RANDOM forest algorithms , *REMOTE sensing , *LAND management - Abstract
Up-to-date information about the Earth's surface provided by land cover maps is essential for numerous environmental and land management applications. There is, therefore, a clear need for the continuous and reliable monitoring of land cover and land cover changes. The growing availability of high resolution, regularly collected remote sensing data can support the increasing number of applications that require high spatial resolution products that are frequently updated (e.g., annually). However, large-scale operational mapping requires a highly-automated data processing workflow, which is currently lacking. To address this issue, we developed a methodology for the automated classification of multi-temporal Sentinel-2 imagery. The method uses a random forest classifier and existing land cover/use databases as the source of training samples. In order to demonstrate its operability, the method was implemented on a large part of the European continent, with CORINE Land Cover and High-Resolution Layers as training datasets. A land cover/use map for the year 2017 was produced, composed of 13 classes. An accuracy assessment, based on nearly 52,000 samples, revealed high thematic overall accuracy (86.1%) on a continental scale, and average overall accuracy of 86.5% at country level. Only low-frequency classes obtained lower accuracies and we recommend that their mapping should be improved in the future. Additional modifications to the classification legend, notably the fusion of thematically and spectrally similar vegetation classes, increased overall accuracy to 89.0%, and resulted in ten, general classes. A crucial aspect of the presented approach is that it embraces all of the most important elements of Earth observation data processing, enabling accurate and detailed (10 m spatial resolution) mapping with no manual user involvement. The presented methodology demonstrates possibility for frequent and repetitive operational production of large-scale land cover maps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. The Use of the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) Database for Analyzing Urban Sprawl.
- Author
-
Cieślak, Iwona, Biłozor, Andrzej, and Szuniewicz, Karol
- Subjects
- *
URBAN growth , *LAND cover , *LAND use , *GEODATABASES , *URBAN research , *URBAN forestry - Abstract
Urban sprawl is generally defined as the urbanization of space adjacent to a city, which results from that city's development. The discussed phenomenon involves land development, mainly agricultural land, in the proximity of cities, the development of infrastructure, and an increase in the number of residents who rely on urban services and commute to work in the city. Urban sprawl generates numerous problems which, in the broadest sense, result from the difficulty in identifying the boundaries of the central urban unit and the participation of local inhabitants, regardless of their actual place of residence, in that unit's functional costs. These problems are associated not only with tax collection rights but with difficulties in measuring the extent of urban sprawl in research and local governance. The aim of this study was to analyze the applicability of the CORINE Land Cover (CLC) database for monitoring urbanization processes, including the dynamic process of urban sprawl. Polish cities with county rights, i.e., cities that implement independent spatial planning policies, were analyzed in the study to determine the pattern of urban sprawl in various types of cities. Buffer zones composed of municipalities that are directly adjacent to the central urban unit were mapped around the analyzed cities. The study proposes a novel method for measuring the extent of suburbanization with the use of the CLC database and Geographic Information System (GIS) tools. The developed method relies on the overgrowth of urbanization (OU) index calculated based on CLC data. The OU index revealed differences in the rate of urbanization in three groups of differently sized Polish cities. The analysis covered two periods: 2006–2012 and 2012–2018, and it revealed that urban sprawl in the examined cities proceeded in an unstable manner over time. The results of the present study indicate that the CLC database is a reliable source of information about urbanization processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Diagnóstico físico-ambiental do assentamento paraíso, Alegre, ES
- Author
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Mendes, Leonardo Francisco, Campanharo, Wesley Augusto, Contarato Pilon, Lucas, Paulino da Cruz, Tatiane, Luiz Ferrari, Jéferson, Mendes, Leonardo Francisco, Campanharo, Wesley Augusto, Contarato Pilon, Lucas, Paulino da Cruz, Tatiane, and Luiz Ferrari, Jéferson
- Abstract
This research aims to generate information of the components of the landscape of Paradise Settlement to provide input for the planning that geoenvironmental site. Were used for this planialtimétricas letters, vertical aerial photographs, field surveys and Geographic Information System ArcGIS®10. The study shows that the nesting area 446 ha displays divided into 44 batches, which are home to 40 families settled. The predominant soil is the Oxisol. About 35% of the Settlement ha displays slopes of 20 to 45%. The pastures account for 69% of land use, at altitudes ranging from 525 to 740 m. The forest fragments totaling just 18%, intended, in its totality, the area of Legal Reserve. The observed signs of environmental degradation, manifested by the conflict of land use in Permanent Preservation Areas, by gullies and landslides, contrast with the climate, the landscape and talents of the some settlers for crafts, potential indicators for ecotourism and agritourism. Urge the adoption of actions by the government and organized society to ensure the sustainability of the settlement in question., A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo gerar informações dos componentes da paisagem do Assentamento Paraíso visando fornecer subsídios para o planejamento geoambiental desse local. Utilizaram-se para isso cartas planialtimétricas, fotografias aéreas verticais, levantamentos de campo e o Sistema de Informação Geográfica ArcGIS®10. O estudo da área revela que o Assentamento apresenta 446 ha divididos em 44 lotes, os quais abrigam 40 famílias assentadas. O solo predominante é o Latossolo Vermelho-Amarelo. Cerca de 35% do Assentamento apresenta declividades de 20 a 45%. As pastagens representam 69% do uso da terra, em altitudes que variam de 525 a 740 m. Os fragmentos florestais somam apenas 18%, destinados, na sua totalidade, à área de Reserva Legal. Os sinais observados de degradação ambiental, manifestados por conflito de uso da terra em áreas de preservação permanente, por voçorocas e por deslizamentos de terras, contrapõem-se com o clima, a paisagem e os talentos de alguns assentados para o artesanato, indicadores potenciais para o ecoturismo e o agroturismo. Urge a adoção de ações pelo poder público e pela sociedade organizada de modo a garantir a sustentabilidade do assentamento em questão.
- Published
- 2013
21. Mapping of vegetation, land cover, and land use by satellite---experience and conclusions for future project applications
- Author
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Rasch, Hans
- Subjects
PLANTS ,REMOTE sensing ,CARTOGRAPHY - Published
- 1994
22. Determining the global significance of local and regional mitigationstrategies: setting the scene with global integrated assessment models
- Author
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Leemans, R.
- Subjects
CARBON dioxide - Published
- 1995
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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