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Context This project takes place in the context of a collaboration with Berger-Levrault, a large software company providing several services and applications developed with different technologies. In a business-critical quest for technological unification, cost reduction, and access to new markets, Berger-Levrault started an extensive program of software modernisation.Problem Berger-Levrault has more than 90 applications written in Microsoft Access. We work on migrating an extensive Microsoft Access application, with nearly 20 years of development, to a web-technology-based solution. As Microsoft Access is a rich language, the project entails the migration of language, library, infrastructure, paradigm, user interface and architecture.Such migration cannot be adequately split into multiple independent, successful migrations, as language migration directly affects all the other migrations. Furthermore, the solutions for each kind of migration vary in knowledge and technological requirements; no single homogenous approach could tackle this kind of migration, which pushes us to think of a higher-order solution.Solution (contribution) This thesis presents (i) A reverse engineering approach can extract models from Microsoft Access. (ii) A migrating meta-model able to represent multiple languages. (iii) A set of migration metrics measuring the technological gap between the source system and the expected target. (iv) Visualisations to gain insight into the required work to make possible an architectural migration. (v) An interactive iterative approach to software migration allowing multiple destinations to migrate. (vi) We provide a rule-based migration engine allowing: partial migrations, based on the immediate and delayed application of contextualised rules, over multiple targets.Validation and results To validate our solutions, we conduct multiple experi- ments yielding encouraging results. (i) We validate our reverse engineering over 10 projects by measuring information loss, proving that we can migrate with the available information. (ii) We validate our modelling approach over 34 projects by representing five technologies and still detect errors in a model of a specific language. (iii-iv) We use metrics and visualisations to help build source code and architectural blueprints and write migration feasibility reports for two large industrial projects. We also use the models and metrics to profile the used libraries to guide the construction of a testing application representing the usage of the libraries based on the Pareto rule. (v-vi) We validated over a full form migration to back-end Java SpringBoot back end and Typescript Angular front-end. Migrating 47 tables and queries to Java and Typescript and 53 library artefacts to Java and Pharo.; Contexte Ce projet se déroule dans le cadre d’une collaboration avec Berger- Levrault, une grande entreprise de logiciels fournissant plusieurs services et ap- plications développés avec différentes technologies. Dans un souci d’unification technologique, de réduction des coûts et d’accès à de nouveaux marchés, Berger-Levrault a lancé un vaste programme de modernisation de ses logiciels.Problème Berger-Levrault possède plus de 90 applications écrites en Microsoft Access. Nous travaillons sur la migration d’une application Microsoft Access étendue, avec près de 20 ans de développement, vers une solution basée sur la technologie web. Comme Microsoft Access est un langage riche, le projet implique la migration du langage, de la bibliothèque, de l’infrastructure, du paradigme, de l’interface utilisateur et de l’architecture.Une telle migration ne peut être divisée en plusieurs migrations indépendantes et réussies, car la migration du langage affecte directement toutes les autres migrations. En outre, les solutions pour chaque type de migration varient en termes de connaissances et d’exigences technologiques ; aucune approche homogène ne pourrait aborder ce type de migration, ce qui nous pousse à réfléchir à une solution d’ordre supérieur.Solution (contribution) Cette thèse présente (i) Une approche de rétro-ingénierie capable d’extraire des modèles de Microsoft Access. (ii) Un méta-modèle de migration capable de représenter plusieurs langages tout en garantissant qu’un modèle est correct pour une technologie concrète. (iii) Un ensemble de mesures de migration mesurant l’écart technologique entre le système source et la cible prévue. (iv) Des visualisations permettant de se faire une idée du travail nécessaire pour rendre possible une migration architecturale. (v) Une approche itérative interactive de la migration logicielle permettant de migrer vers plusieurs destinations. (vi) Nous fournissons un moteur de migration basé sur des règles permettant : des migrations partielles, basées sur l’application immédiate et différée de règles contextualisées, sur des cibles multiples.Validation et résultats Pour valider nos solutions, nous menons plusieurs expériences qui donnent des résultats encourageants. (i) Nous validons notre rétro- ingénierie sur 10 projets en mesurant la perte d’information, prouvant que nous pouvons effectuer une migration avec les informations disponibles. (ii) Nous vali- dons notre approche de modélisation sur 34 projets en représentant cinq technolo- gies, et détectons encore des erreurs dans un modèle d’un langage spécifique. (iii- iv) Nous utilisons les métriques et les visualisations pour aider à construire le code source et les plans d’architecture et rédiger les rapports de faisabilité de la migra- tion pour deux grands projets industriels. Nous utilisons également les modèles et les métriques pour profiler les bibliothèques utilisées afin de guider la construction d’une application de test représentant l’utilisation des bibliothèques sur la base de la règle de Pareto. (v-vi) Nous avons validé la migration d’un formulaire complet vers un back-end Java SpringBoot et un front-end Angular Typescript. Migration de 47 tables et requêtes vers Java et Typescript et de 53 artefacts de bibliothèque vers Java et Pharo.

В данной статье рассматриваются особенности русскоязычной деловой мессенджер-коммуникации на примере такого речевого жанра, как деловое совещание. Речь идет о коммуникативной и языковой структуре делового совещания, которое организуется в профессиональной (рабочей) группе в мессенджере Telegram. В качестве материала исследования используются электронные сообщения. Анализу подвергаются основополагающие признаки сетевого речевого жанра «деловое совещание» и выявляются его отличия от традиционного жанра устного общения. Особое внимание уделяется описанию экстралингвистической основы интернет-жанра, отношениям между коммуникативными партнерами в мессенджер-группе, реализуемым речевым интенциям (установление контакта, информирование, выражение побуждения, выражения мнения и оценки). Кроме того, делается вывод о языковых особенностях электронных сообщений, отправляемых в рабочих сетевых группах, на лексико-семантическом, морфологическом и синтаксическом уровнях. Таким образом, при соответствии основных жанрообразующих черт деловое совещание в мессенджер-сообществе имеет особую коммуникативную систему и речевое воплощение., The article discusses features of Russian-language business messenger-communication on the example of such a speech genre as a business meeting. The researchers touch upon a communicative and linguistic structure of a business meeting, which is organized in a professional (working) group in the Telegram messenger. Electronic messages are used as the research material. The fundamental features of the online speech genre “business meeting” are analysed and its differences from the traditional genre of oral communication are revealed. Special attention is paid to the description of the extralinguistic basis of the Internet genre, the relations between the communicative partners in the messenger group, the implemented speech intentions (establishing contact, informing, expression of motivation, expression of opinion and evaluation). In addition, the conclusion is made about the linguistic features of electronic messages sent in working network groups: lexico-semantic, morphological and syntactic levels. In this way, if the main genre-forming features correspond, a business meeting in the messenger community has a special communication system and speech embodiment.

In this article, we frame the process of visualisation design as a systematic transformation between two distinct domain-specific languages. As a result, we obtain a general framework, which may inform the process of visualisation design, as well as enable the creation of flexible general-purpose systems for interactive visual analytics. Our efforts aim towards raising the level of abstraction, by allowing users to express queries through a vocabulary that is specific to their problem domain. This domain-specific language is based on the conceptual model of the input data. Subsequently, a visualisation specification prescribes a language transformation, which maps from the user-defined conceptual model to the application-defined graphics grammar. The key to this approach is a formal interpretation of the conceptual data model, using rich type information in order to capture the data semantics and structure. The theoretical foundations for this approach are introduced, building on existing theories from database, type system, and visualisation literature. Subsequently, we discuss the key concepts of the proposed framework. Finally, the applications of the framework are illustrated by three use cases, which successfully applied these concepts in real-world visual analytics scenarios.

The article is dedicate to the language transformations and features of theirperception by recipients in texts of the modern mass-media discourse. A chartand formula of vocal transformation process is offered, and also on the basisof the analyzed lexical and grammatical transformations the basic models of transform are selected in mass-media discourse. By experimental methodsefficiency of functioning and feature of perception of lexical and grammaticaltransformations are set by the potential addressees of modern mass-mediadiscourse., У статті досліджено мовні трансформації та особливості їхнього сприйняття реципієнтами в текстах сучасного мас-медійного дискурсу. Висвітлено ефективність функціонування та характер сприйняття лексико-граматичних трансформацій потенційними адресатами медіа-текстів, які було встановлено за допомогою експериментальних методів.

Поскольку язык на протяжении различных периодов в истории немецкого этноса являлся одним из основных факторов, влияющих на этническую идентичность, рассматривается история немецких диалектов в связи с историей российских немцев, анализируется языковая компетенция российских немцев в зависимости от сфер и ситуаций употребления немецкого языка. Дается оценка современному состоянию языка у немцев, проживающих в России., Language for various periods in the history of the German ethnos was one of the main factors affecting ethnic identity. The article considers the history of German dialects in connection with the history of Russian Germans, analyzes the linguistic competence of Russian Germans depending on the spheres and situations of using the German language. An assessment is given of the current state of the language among Germans residing in Russia., №3(19) (2019)

Will Lithuanian language dissapear? It is not dying, if one applies any of the three types of language‘s death: it is neither radically transformed, nor less and less people use it, neither it acquires structural features of English. It is among most lively languages in Europe and the world: it will not cease to exsist even after a century unless some fatal natural disaster or war occurs. It is too early to get ready for its funeral, writes well-known linguist.