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Home-grown protein crops as an alternative to soya in dairy cattle meals, as well as other sustainable ethical-based practices, have been proposed to increase the sustainability of dairy production. Data on consumer acceptance of the three novel sustainable production strategies of ‘agroforestry’, ‘prolonged maternal feeding’ of young cattle and ‘alternative protein source’ were collected through an online survey on consumer in six European Union countries: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Italy and the UK. Using Chen’s extended version of the Theory of Planned Behaviour model, the underlying model hypotheses on the attitudes and intentions of these consumers towards these production practices were tested, to establish the explanatory power of the model in the specific context of novel sustainable production strategies. Furthermore, the influence of gender and consumer ethical choices on their attitudes towards these innovative practices was also tested. These data show that ‘prolonged maternal feeding’ is the novel production practice that has the highest level of acceptance by consumers in all of these countries, with the least accepted practice as ‘alternative protein source’. Unexpectedly, increased availability of home-grown feed, which is grounded on both farmer and societal interests for higher input self-sufficiency and more sustainable production practices, was little appreciated by consumers, although their intentions appear to be dependent on their moral norms.

Despite considerable improvement of food security in low- and middle-income countries over the last decades, food shortages remain persistent in sub-Saharan Africa. The driving forces are often related not only to climate change and other environmental hazards but also to socioeconomic and political factors. In Africa, food security has also assumed a strong urban dimension, raising new issues of physical and financial access to food. However, beyond the conjunctural rhetoric around unregulated food policies, social unrest, socio-economic difficulties, and environmental stresses, an emphasis should be put on socio-cultural aspects of food security. This would be possible through an analysis of “connectivities” between various stages and actors, i.e., food exchange practices between various socio-ecological spaces, and governance coordination in food security strategies. Based on a study on cassava shortage in Cote d’Ivoire in 2015-2016, this paper explores socio-cultural factors associated with food shortage in urban settings. Findings from a qualitative research approach comprising key-informant interviews and focus group discussion with various stakeholders in the cassava value chain revealed that food shortage cannot always be explained by supply/demand narratives. The study shows that cassava supply mechanisms in the Abidjan area are not sustainable as the main producers of cassava for sale are migrant workers employed in rubber plantations and whose stability in the region depends on prices of this cash crop on the international market. Regions at the vicinity of Abidjan are supplying the city with cassava but the offer does not meet the requirements of cassava-based food processors who need specific types of the product. Moreover, strategies from the municipal and government authorities to circumvent the shortage often face resistance of populations if local norms and values are not considered. In food strategies, sociocultural dynamics should be considered alongside the complex socioeconomic and environmental factors shaping the social geography of food supply in African cities.

The study aimed to minimize defective products to improve the production process quality of PT BI by identifying the most types of defects, calculating Defect per Million Opportunities (DPMO) value, suggesting the quality improvement of the Semi Refined Carrageenan (SRC) production process, and calculating Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ) value. The methods used in this research were Six Sigma and the COPQ. The priority improvement based on the Pareto chart was moisture defects with the percentage of damage of 36.9%. The Sigma level of the production process of PT BI was 3.42 with a defect rate of 27,429 DPMO. The analysis on the cause and effect diagram showed that factors affected the occurrence of defective products were error in reading on moisture content, diverse raw material, the wrong method of mixing raw materials prior to production process, and the lack of inspectors of production process. The most influential-dominant factor was the obsolete machine which causes error in reading on moisture content. The company can take preventive and corrective actions to suppress defective products and improve product quality. Based on the calculation of the COPQ, the costs that must be incurred by the company due to defective products was IDR 1,007,690,694. Keywords: Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ), quality control, seaweed, Six Sigma Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan jumlah produk cacat sehingga meningkatkan kualitas proses produksi PT BI dengan mengidentifikasi jenis cacat terbanyak, menghitung nilai Defect per Million Opportunities (DPMO), menyarankan perbaikan kualitas proses produksi Semi Refined Carragenan (SRC) serta menghitung nilai Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ). Metode yang digunakan adalah Six Sigma dan COPQ. Perbaikan yang diprioritaskan berdasarkan diagram Pareto adalah cacat moisture dengan persentase 36,9%. Tingkat Sigma dari proses produksi PT BI adalah 3,42 dengan tingkat kecacatan 27,429 DPMO. Analisis diagram sebab akibat menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi terjadinya produk cacat adalah kesalahan pada pembacaan kadar air, keragaman bahan baku, metode pencampuran bahan baku yang salah sebelum proses produksi serta kurangnya pengawas proses produksi. Faktor dominan yang paling berpengaruh adalah mesin usang yang menyebabkan kesalahan pembacaan kadar air. Perusahaan dapat mengambil tindakan preventif dan korektif untuk menekan jumlah produk cacat dan meningkatkan kualitas produk. Berdasarkan perhitungan COPQ, biaya yang harus dikeluarkan perusahaan akibat produk cacat adalah sebesar Rp1.007.690.694. Kata kunci: Cost of Poor Quality (COPQ),, pengendalian kualitas, rumput laut, Six Sigma

This study aimed to define the proportion of purple sweet potato addition as a substitute ingredients of the ice cream edible cup and to reduce its baking time. This study was designed using Central Composite Design (response surface method) with 2 factors, i.e. the proportions of purple sweet potato powder and the baking time with water content, cup resistance, and fracturability as the responses. The main component of purple sweet potato ice cream cup is starch and cellulose as shown by the characteristic of the functional group which are C-H of alkene, C= C of alkyna, C = O of aldehyde/ketone/carboxylic acid/ester, C-C group of aromatic ring, C-O alcohol/ether/carboxylic acid/ester, C-H of aromatic ring and C-H of alkene. The result of the study showed that the the optimum proportion of purple sweet potato powder was 75% and the baking time was 45 minutes with the water content of 4.37%, cup resistance of 253.64 minutes, fracturability of 0.2125 N, protein content of 4.79%, and carbohydrate content of 4.66%. Based on the consumer’s acceptance aspect, purple sweet potato ice cream cup was the mostly liked because of its texture and flavor, meanwhile its color and aroma was the mostly disliked. Keywords : baking, central composite design, ice cream cup, purple sweet potatoes Abstrak Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan proporsi penambahan ubi jalar ungu sebagai substitusi pada pembuatan edible cup es krim serta lama waktu pemanggangannya. Penelitian dirancang dengan menggunakan Metode Respon Permukaan Desain Komposit Terpusat (response surface method) dengan 2 faktor berupa proporsi tepung ubi jalar ungu serta lama pemanggangan dengan 3 respon yaitu terhadap kadar air, ketahanan cup, dan daya patah. Komponen utama penyusun cup es krim ubi jalar ungu adalah pati dan selulosa yang ditunjukkan oleh gugus fungsi karakteristik yaitu gugus C-H alkane, C= C alkuna, C = O aldehid/keton/asam karboksilat/ester, gugus C-C cincin aromatik, C-O alkohol/eter/asam karboksilat/ester, C-H cincin aromatik serta C-H alkena. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cup es krim terpilih pada proporsi optimal tepung ubi jalar ungu 75% dan lama pemanggangan 45 menit dengan kadar air sebesar 4,37%, ketahanan cup sebesar 253,64 menit, daya patah sebesar 0,2125 N, kadar protein sebesar 4.79%, dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 4,66%. Penerimaan konsumen cup es krim ubi jalar ungu yang terbaik adalah disukai pada tekstur dan rasa, sedangkan warna dan aroma tidak disukai. Kata kunci : cup es krim, desain komposit terpusat, pemanggangan, ubi jalar ungu

Production, productivity, and area under production from fruits and spices are gradually increasing. Improper processes of freshly harvested spice and fruit products will make them undergo qualitative deterioration with each passing hour. This deterioration is more pronounced in high humid areas. Drying process in one or the other form is essential. Freshly harvested spices and fruit products in average contain more than 80% moisture. The commodities need to be dried to have a moisture content below 10% in the shortest possible time for safe storage. Drying process in most cases are accomplished by the open sun. Meanwhile, the environmental condition in solar tunnel drying is enclosure type and the product is protected from rains, dust, insects, and rodents. Solar tunnel drying, a widely used bulk dryer, facilitates faster drying than open drying by virtue of the greenhouse effect. Commercial cultivators by and large choose faster drying methods using wood and fossil fuel-fired heating sources. This study attempts to review recent advances of various designs and working of the greenhouse drying system in totality, like auxiliary drying during off-sun hours, bulk drying feasibility, ease in loading and unloading along with an analysis of key features and economics involved. Keywords : auxiliary drying, greenhouse drying system, processing Abstrak Produksi, produktivitas dan luas areal produksi buah-buahan dan rempah-rempah meningkat secara bertahap. Produk rempah dan buah yang baru dipanen akan mengalami penurunan kualitas seiring waktu berjalan jika tidak diproses dengan benar. Kerusakan ini lebih terlihat di daerah dengan kelembaban tinggi. Pengeringan dalam satu atau bentuk lain penting dalam pemrosesan. Rempah-rempah dan produk buah yang baru dipanen rata-rata mengandung lebih dari 80% kelembaban dan perlu dikeringkan hingga kelembabannya di bawah 10% dalam waktu sesingkat mungkin untuk penyimpanan yang aman. Pengeringan ini dalam kebanyakan kasus dilakukan dengan sinar matahari terbuka, sedangkan kondisi lingkungan pengeringan terowongan surya adalah tipe tertutup dan produk terlindungi dari hujan, debu, serangga dan hewan pengerat. Pengeringan terowongan surya merupakan pengering kapasitas besar yang banyak digunaka. Pengeringan dengan alat ini lebih cepat daripada pengeringan terbuka berdasarkan efek rumah kaca. Pembudidaya komersial pada umumnya memilih metode pengeringan yang lebih cepat yang menggunakan kayu dan sumber pemanas berbahan bakar fosil. Studi ini bertujuan untuk meninjau kemajuan terkini dari berbagai desain dan cara kerja sistem pengeringan rumah kaca secara keseluruhan, seperti, pengeringan tambahan di malam hari, kelayakan pengeringan kapasitas besar, kemudahan dalam bongkar muat, serta analisis fitur utama dan ekonomi. Kata kunci: pengeringan bantu, pengolahan, sistem pengeringan rumah kaca

Kandungan polifenol dalam kopi hijau berpotensi menurunkan akumulasi lemak viseral sehingga dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total secara signifikan. Kopi hijau memiliki rasa kurang nikmat ketika dikonsumsi, sehingga perlu penelitian mengenai ekstraksi polifenol untuk diolah sebagai produk bernilai jual tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah optimasi kombinasi konsentrasi dan rasio penambahan pelarut yang optimal dalam menghasilkan rendemen dan kadar fenol tertinggi pada proses ekstraksi senyawa polifenol biji kopi hijau. Metode optimasi yang digunakan adalah Response Surface Method dengan Central Composite Design. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan dua variabel optimasi yaitu konsentrasi pelarut etanol (60–90%) dan rasio pelarut (20–40 ml/g). Respon yang diukur adalah total fenol dan rendemen ekstrak. Kondisi optimum yang diperoleh adalah pada ekstraksi menggunakan konsentrasi pelarut 84,92% dan rasio 40 ml/g dengan desirability sebesar 0,87. Hasil prediksi program menghasilkan total fenol sebesar 534,50 mg GAE/g dan rendemen ekstrak 17,179%. Hasil verifikasi solusi optimal adalah total fenol sebesar 538,83 mg GAE/g dan rendemen 15,39%. Kata kunci : ekstraksi, fenol, kopi hijau, optimasi, polifenol Abstract Polyphenol of green coffee potentially reduces the accumulation of visceral fat so it decreases total cholesterol level significantly. Green coffee has a less delicious taste to be consumed. A study of polyphenol extraction for further processing should be done so it has a higher economic value. The study aimed to determine the optimal combination of solvent concentration and solvent addition ratio for the highest extraction yield and polyphenol’s content. The research method for this research was Response Surface Method with Central Composite Design. This research used two factors, solvent concentration (60-90%) and the solvent addition ratio (20-40 ml/g). The responses were the total phenol and extraction yield. The optimum condition obtained was in treatment with 84.92% solvent concentration and a 40 ml/g solvent ratio with the desirability of 0.87. The program prediction resulted total phenol of 534.50 mg GAE/g and extraction yield of 17.179%. The verified optimal solution obtained the total phenol was 538.83 mg GAE/g, and the yield was 15.39%. Keywords : extraction, green coffee, optimization, phenol, polyphenol

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk penggambaran struktur rantai pasok sayur, analisis struktur biaya logistik, dan menyusun alternatif strategi bagi tier rantai pasok sayur dalam rangka pemerataan distribusi pendapatan dan meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Total responden pada penelitian ini sebanyak 197 orang. Metode yang digunakan untuk melakukan analisis biaya logistik adalah metode Activity-Based Costing. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah sistem rantai pasok komoditas sayur terdiri dari lima tier, dengan tier utamanya adalah petani, kelompok tani, pengepul, pedagang besar, dan pedagang kecil. Hasil perhitungan biaya logistik menunjukkan bahwa total biaya logistik sebesar Rp7.705,88/kg dengan 65,8% merupakan biaya yang berasal dari aktivitas material handling dan 34,2% lainnya adalah biaya dari aktivitas procurement, transportasi, inventory, maintenance, dan informasi. Strategi yang ditetapkan adalah sebaiknya melakukan penambahan aktivitas pasca panen pada tier petani, penerapan strategi efisien dan responsif pada tier kelompok tani, penerapan strategi pull supply chain pada tier pengepul, penerapan strategi pull-push supply chain pada tier pedagang besar, serta penerapan konsep Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replensihment (CPFR) pada sistem rantai pasok sayur ini. Kata kunci: Activity-Based Costing, logistik, strategi rantai pasok sayur Abstract This study aimed to a depiction of the vegetable supply chain structure, analysis of the logistics cost structure, and the development of alternative strategies for the vegetable supply chain tier to equalize income distribution and increase farmers' income. The total respondents in this study were 197 people. The method for analyzing logistics costs is Activity-Based Costing. The results of this study showed that vegetable commodity supply chain systems consisting of 5 tiers. The main actors were farmers, farmer groups, collectors, wholesalers, and small traders. The calculation of logistics costs showed that total logistic costs were IDR 7,705.88/kg, of which 65.8% from material handling activities and another 34.2% was costs of procurement, transportation, inventory, maintenance, and information. The recommendation strategies were adding post-harvest activities for farmers, applying efficient and responsive strategies for farmer groups, applying the pull supply chain strategy for collectors, applying pull-push supply chain strategies for wholesalers, and applying concept Collaborative Planning, Forecasting, and Replensihment (CPFR) in the vegetable supply chain. Keywords : Activity-Based Costing, logistics, vegetable supply chain strategy

Essential oils are used as raw materials in the flavors and fragrances industry. Essential oils contain active compounds that are volatile at ambient temperature so that it is unstable to environmental changes. Complex coacervation is one of the techniques used in the encapsulation process to protect the active material. Essential oil blends were encapsulated by gelatin and maltodextrin as wall material and sodium tripolyphosphate as crosslinking agent. The objective of this study was to analyze the effect of the proportion between essential oils, wall material, and crosslinking agents on the yield, loading capacity, and encapsulation efficiency. The results showed that the optimum formulation for microcapsules was the essential oil and wall material ratio 1:2 and crosslinking agent concentration of 3%, with the yield of 45.18%, loading capacity of 5.37%, and encapsulation efficiency of 92.20%. The microcapsule size obtained was 0.1475 μm with polydispersity index of 0.410. Key words: complex coacervation, encapsulation, essential oil, gelatin, maltodextrin

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlangsungan kedai kopi bagi usaha kecil dan menengah (UKM) di Bogor. Jumlah kedai kopi mencapai lebih dari 90 gerai pada tahun 2019 dan banyak diantara mereka yang terpaksa menutup usahanya pada tahun berikutnya. Hal ini disebabkan oleh ketidakmampuan dari kedai kopi mandiri untuk memiliki sistem operasional yang baik. Faktor-faktor yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah manajerial, pelayanan, produk, ukuran perusahaan, dan lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengambilan data dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara. Responden terdiri atas 65 pengelola dan pemilik warung kopi mandiri di Bogor yang telah berumur lebih dari 1 tahun. Data yang telah diperoleh diolah menggunakan SEM PLS. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa manajerial, produk, dan layanan merupakan faktor yang secara signifikan mempengaruhi keberlangsungan usaha warung kopi mandiri secara positif. Sementara itu faktor ukuran perusahaan dan lingkungan tidak berpengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan dari kedai kopi mandiri. Selain itu diketahui dari penelitian ini bahwa faktor servis memediasi hubungan antara manajerial dan keberlanjutan secara signifikan dan positif. Dari sisi konsumen, pemilik harus memberikan pengalaman yang baik kepada konsumen agar konsumen dapat mencapai kepuasan. Kata kunci: bisnis UKM, faktor internal, keberlanjutan, kedai kopi mandiri, SEM PLS

Smart teknologi berkembang pesat di sektor agroindustri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan mengembangkan sistem agroindustri kentang yang optimal dan adaptif. Dalam penelitian ini ditambahkan Internet of Things (IoT) yaitu penginderaan jauh untuk memprediksi jumlah panen dan kapasitas produksi. Sebelum menerapkan IoT, perspektif spasial dianalisis menggunakan spasial dan geoprocessing. Sampel penelitian menggunakan random grid di Wonosobo, Jawa Tengah, Indonesia. Titik optimal diperoleh di Kejajar (N1), Garung (N2), Kalikajar (N3), Kepil (N4) dan Mojotengah (N5). Pada penelitian ini dipasang sensor suhu dan kelembaban SHT15 serta curah hujan Rain Gauge di 5 titik. Sensor memberikan data secara rutin selama 30 hari. Berdasarkan analisis kesesuaian lahan, lokasi yang paling sesuai adalah Kejajar (N1) di koordinat 7°14'11.8"LS, 109°56'29.7"BT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan 24 titik sampel dengan luas rata-rata 2,5m x 2,5m dihasilkan rata-rata total panen 8,62 kg/m2 dan prediksi produktivitas panen 13,79 ton/ha. Sistem ini dapat memprediksi jumlah panen dan kapasitas produksi yang baik dengan tingkat akurasi 89,35%. Dengan demikian, metode ini dapat digunakan dan merepresentasikan pertanian melalui inovasi digital menggunakan smart teknologi agroindustri. Untuk penelitian selanjutnya, metode ini dapat dilanjutkan untuk penanganan pascapanen dengan menggunakan Sistem Operasi berbasis Android. Kata kunci: agro-industrial technology, IoT, Smart technology, spatial analysis

This research aimed to obtain the best formulation of corn starch, carrageenan, and rice bran as the main components of edible film to improve formula’s viscosity, water content, and Water Vapour Transmission Rate (WVTR). This research was an experimental research using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). The first factor was corn starch concentration (1.5%; 2.5%; 3.5%), the second factor was carrageenan concentration (0.67%; 1%; 1.33%), and the third factor was rice bran concentration (0.12%; 0.25%; 0.38%). The analysis of variance showed that the interaction of corn starch, carrageenan, and rice bran has a significant impact on the viscosity, water content, and WVTR value of the edible film. Based on the viscosity, water content, and WVTR value of the edible film, the best formulation was found in the edible film with the corn starch concentration of 2.5%, 1% carrageenan, and 0.25% rice bran. The formula's viscosity value of this edible film was 165.1 ± 5.3 cP, with 14.65 ± 0.05% of water content, and 60.13 ± 0.05 g/m 2 /h of WVTR value. Keywords: carrageenan, corn starch, edible film, rice bran Abstrak Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan formulasi terbaik dari pati maizena, karagenan, dan bekatul padi sebagai komponen dasar edible film untuk meningkatkan viskositas formula. kadar air, dan Water Vapour Transmission Rate (WVTR). Penelitian ini dilakukan secara eksperimental dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi pati maizena (1,5% ; 2,5% ; 3,5%), faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi karagenan (0,67%; 1%; 1,33%), dan faktor ketiga adalah konsentrasi bekatul padi (0,12% ; 0,25% ; 0,38%). Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan interaksi penambahan pati maizena, karagenan, dan bekatul padi berpengaruh nyata terhadap viskositas formula edible film, kadar air, dan nilai WVTR edible film. Formulasi terbaik sesuai karakteristik viskositas formula edible film, kadar air, dan nilai WVTR edible film adalah edible film dengan konsentrasi pati maizena 2,5%, karagenan 1%, dan bekatul 0,25% yang memiliki nilai viskositas formula edible film sebesar 165,1 ± 5,3 cP, kadar air edible film sebesar 14,65 ± 0,05%, dan nilai WVTR edible film sebesar 60,13 ± 0,05 g/m 2 /jam. Kata kunci: bekatul padi, edible film, karagenan, pati maizena

Leather is a product obtained from the conversion process of raw skin/hide into leather. The process generate a number of wastes with a high pollutant content, especially waste water. The waste contributes to the formation of carbon emission. Awareness on environmental sustainability also requires the industry to improve its production system to make it more eco-friendly. Improvements will increase production and the industry reputation. Before making improvements to the production system, it is necessary to carry out an analysis related to the carbon emissions produced in producing a product. The objectives of this study were to calculate carbon emission (carbon footprint) that generates in the leather tannery process and to give alternative strategy for the environmental improvement. The research used primary data and secondary data. This research was carried out with the processes identification, carbon emission sources identification, an analysis of the carbon emission potential amount, and a study of strategies to minimize carbon formation in the tannery. The results of the analysis showed that electricity and wastewater were sources of carbon in the production process of leather. The total of carbon emission formed in the leather tanning process was 1,692.17 kg CO2 eq per batch, where wastewater contributed more than electricity. Further analysis showed that 1 m2 of leather produced 8.08 kg CO2 eq of carbon. The strategies that can be taken to reduce carbon emissions are engineering processes, material substitution, and using eco-friendly materials. Keywords: carbon footprint, leather, tannery

PT X adalah perusahaan di bidang agroindustri khususnya pada komoditas jamur kancing. Jamur kancing memiliki umur simpan yang pendek sehingga harus segera dijual ke konsumen atau diproses menjadi produk olahan. Jumlah permintaan jamur tidak pasti, menyebabkan terjadinya kelebihan atau kekurangan produksi baik pada produk segar maupun olahan. Oleh karena itu, perlu untuk menghitung rencana kombinasi produk yang dapat memenuhi tujuan yang diinginkan dan mendapatkan solusi yang memuaskan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode goal programming dalam perencanaan produk kombinasi. Penelitian ini juga menggunakan permintaan produk dan ketersediaan bahan baku dari Januari 2017 hingga Desember 2019. Selain itu, data kebutuhan bahan baku, jam tenaga kerja, biaya produksi, dan harga setiap produk juga digunakan. Data historis terkait jumlah permintaan dan ketersediaan bahan baku digunakan untuk meramalkan jumlah permintaan dan ketersediaan bahan baku pada periode perencanaan menggunakan model ARIMA. Penentuan tingkat prioritas yang digunakan dalam pemodelan goal programming pada penelitian ini menggunakan pairwise comparison. Berdasarkan hasil perencanaan yang telah dibuat untuk bulan Januari 2020, total jumlah produksi fresh champignon yaitu 22.584 kg, produk 250 mL whole champignon sebanyak 4.499 unit, produk 900 mL whole champignon sebanyak 2.571 unit, produk 250 mL sliced champignon sebanyak 4.567 unit, produk 900 mL sliced champignon sebanyak 32.306 unit, dan produk canned champignon sebanyak 85 unit. Model peramalan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini representatif berdasarkan verifikasi yang telah dilakukan. Kata kunci: jamur kancing, goal programming, perencanaan produksi, ARIMA

Changes are very fast and full of uncertainty, such as the current condition of COVID-19, which makes it very difficult for supply chain managers even though they already have a very good regularity. Changes in consumer preferences are very fast and even difficult to predict. The purpose of research and development was to identify the factors that influence the performance and competitiveness of the creative industry for innovation. It needed to be informed that the development strategy was not only providing information, availability of goods, money, and innovation, but there were pluses in terms of developing knowledge, knowing the strength map, implementing efficiency accompanied by value. Analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) was used in determining alternative strategies, while the analysis focus strategy used the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) method by considering the Total Attractiveness Scores obtained. For this reason, the potential and challenges in a series of processes (transformation activities and transaction activities) of a product must be carefully scrutinized, so that added value can be created at each stage. The results of the SWOT analysis resulted in five alternative strategies, which were then followed by a QSPM analysis to obtain the total attractiveness scores. The results of the analysis gave the highest total value on the importance of potential resource availability with a value of 15.862 followed by the second to fifth order, the need to understand rapid market changes (14.840), build partnerships (14.646), standardized and sustainable products (14.123) and develop efficiency principles for competitiveness (12.288), respectively. Recommendations are given that resource potential and rapid response to market demands in addition to the other three factors should be considered in the development strategy for innovation in creative industries. Keyword: COVID-19, innovation, SWOT, QSPM, total attractiveness scores

The use of cassava as foodstuffs has been widely developed. Modifying it into a mocaf (modified cassava flour) is one of the cassava utilization. This research aimed to process cassavas into mocaf utilizing lactic acid bacteria and to obtain a better mocaf in terms of its physicochemical parameters. Bacteria used were L. plantarum, L. fermentum, and L. paracasei, which can ferment cassava to mocaf. The fermentation process was carried out by two fermentation duration of 48 hours and 72 hours, followed by draining and drying using the oven at 50 °C for 6 hours. This research analyzed mocaf's physicochemical properties such as water content, fat content, protein content, ash content, carbohydrate content, whiteness, and acidity. A Factorial Randomized Block Design with two replications was applied as the research design. If the test result showed that the tested sample has a significant difference at the level of significance of 0.05, it then subjects to the further Duncan test, using SPSS. The result showed that the use of L. paracasei produced best characteristics mocaf with a high protein content of 1.44%, an ash content of 0.31%, a white degree of 102.20, and a low degree of acid of 3.66. Keywords : cassava, fermentation duration, L.fermentum, L.paracasei, L.plantarum Abstrak Penggunaan ubi kayu sebagai bahan pangan telah banyak dikembangkan. Salah satu cara dalam pemanfaatan ubi kayu adalah dengan mengolah menjadi produk berupa mocaf (modified cassava flour). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengolah ubi kayu menjadi mocaf dengan bantuan bakteri asam laktat dan mendapatkan hasil tepung mocaf yang lebih baik dari segi fisikokimianya. Bakteri asam laktat yang digunakan adalah L. plantarum, L. fermentum dan L. paracasei yang ternyata memiliki kemampuan dalam memfermentasi ubi kayu menjadi mocaf. Proses fermentasi ubi kayu dilakukan selama dua waktu fermentasi, yaitu 48 jam dan 72 jam yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penirisan dan pengeringan dengan oven pada suhu 50 °C selama 6 jam. Analisis dilakukan pada beberapa sifat fisikokimia dari tepung mocaf berupa kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar abu, kadar kabohidrat, derajat putih dan derajat asam. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial dengan dua kali ulangan. Jika hasil uji menyatakan bahwa sampel yang diujikan berbeda nyata pada taraf kepercayaan 0,05, maka akan dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan dengan menggunakan SPSS. Hasil yang didapat pada penggunaan L. paracasei menghasilkan tepung mocaf dengan karakteristik terbaik, kadar protein yang tinggi sebesar 1,44%, kadar abu 0,31%, derajat putih 102,20 dan derajat asam yang rendah sebesar 3,66. Kata kunci : L. fermentum, L. paracasei, L. plantarum, lama fermentasi, ubi kayu

The palm oil’s partnership model in Indonesia, which is dominated by smallholders in practice, still finds injustices where farmers do not have the same bargaining power as the company although their relationship is as partners. This study aimed to develop a partnership model that considers the conditions of farmers as part of a valuable partner to carry out equality in the partnership itself using indicator profitability, social welfare, and replanting. The Analytic Network Process (ANP) was used to determine the priority of indicator in partnership model considered as the most important for oil palm farmers by comparing the available criteria and alternative factors. It is known fro this study that the oil palm farmer chooses the priority of model partnership with cooperation model and the criteria for agreement, transparency, and saving mechanism for replanting farmers in developing a model of the partnership of oil palm farmers in Indonesia.

Yogyakarta is the right place to run a culinary business because of Yogyakarta's status as a city of culture, education city, and tourist destination, so it requires restaurant facilities, including for the high class segment. The right business strategy is needed to minimize the risk of competing and maximize the advantages of competition. The object of this research was GW restaurants and the comparisons were LD and SS restaurants. This research was aimed at identifying success factors, analyzing the business environment, and developing its business strategy. This research used descriptive-qualitative techniques with Critical Success Factors (CSF) and SWOT approaches. GW restaurants had Critical Success Factors, namely clear concepts, strong customer relationships, cultural interests, managing a competitive environment, good customer relationships, and determining the right location/place. The business environment consisted of internal and external. The development of its business strategy is to improve the quality of employees, improve the quality of its products and innovations, favor specific menus, increase service time, and conduct advertising promotions and expand the network with social media. Keywords: business strategy, critical success factors, restaurant

The objective of this study was to design an agent model for forecasting demand for rubber-based automotive parts using the Agent Based Modelling and Double Exponential Smoothing (ABMDES) approach. Model design in rubber-based automotive spare parts forecasting using the integration of Agent Based Modelling (ABM) approach and Double Exponential Smoothing (DES) technique was done using agent design approach based on class diagram and definition function for each agent in mathematics models including DES-based forecasting. The ABM design has a structure consisting of an agent ID, an attribute to be calculated by the computer and function / process consisting of a function that has values ​​and voids (unstructured). Combining ABM and DES can guide us to see the forecast accuracy, monitoring the estimation of stock shortage and the excess of stock due to errors in DES forecast. Therefore, the Agent Based Modelling-Double Exponential Smoothing (ABMDES) approach is suitable for modelling the demand of rubber-based automotive parts in business simulation. Keywords: double exponential smoothing, function, SMEs, shortage

The calculation of the added value of using a foaming agent based on sodium lauric and potassium palmitate for palm oil as a peatland fire suppression needs to be studied. This was to determine prospects for further development because it is predicted that peatland fires will continue to recur every year during the dry season. The Hayami method used to analyze the added value of sodium lauric and potassium palmitate as the primary raw materials for foaming agents. The results showed that the production of foaming agents for peatland firefighting applications made from sodium laurate and potassium palmitate of palm oil provided added value with positive criteria, i.e. the ratio of value-added criteria was 80.87% (> 0). In addition to that, the business also provided high-profit categories because the added value category ratio was 80.87% (> 40%). From the analysis of remuneration, it was produced that the foaming agent production business was a capital-intensive since the contribution of the labour income value was 0.89%, other expenses contributed 3.73% and the profit from the entrepreneur as the owner capital of 95.37% which was the largest contribution in providing profit margins. However, the development of a foaming agent production business based on palm oil fatty acids will add new jobs and create new economic impacts in the area of the business locations as well as to increase the amount of palm oil derivative products. Keywords: added value, foaming agent, sodium lauric, potassium palmitate, palm oil

Agroindustry supply chain management involves several integrated supply chain members from upstream to downstream in a sustainable. The main aspects that need to be considered are performance, added value, risk, improving effectiveness and efficiency in the supply chain management. The purpose of this study was to analyze the supply chain performance, added value, and risk used to effectiveness and efficiency improvement of fruit agroindustry supply chain management. A search for scientific articles published from 2005 to 2020 was conducted. There were 94 scientific articles reviewed into five classifications, i.e. apple supply chain management, supply chain performance, added value, supply chain risk, effectiveness and efficiency. So far, there has been little discussion about increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of supply chain management in the fruit agorindustry and has not been carried out comprehensively. The scientific articles obtained were examined into several analyzes of approaches and methods so that models could be developed to improve effectiveness and efficiency of supply chain management. In the future, a combination of several methods and implementations of information technology can be used to effectiveness and efficiency improvement of fruit agroindustry supply chain management. Keywords: apples, effectiveness, efficiency, improvement, agroindustry supply chain

Sargassum hystrix (S. hystrix) merupakan rumput laut cokelat yang mengandung antioksidan tinggi yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pangan fungsional. Flakes merupakan salah satu alternatif makanan sarapan. Penambahan S. hystrix dalam flakes merupakan salah satu bentuk inovasi dalam pembuatan flakes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan formulasi pembuatan flakes dengan penambahan S. hystrix dan pengaruhnya terhadap aktivitas antioksidan flakes. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan perlakuan perbedaan konsentrasi S. hystrix yang ditambahkan dalam flakes, yaitu konsentrasi 0; 0,26; 0,46; 0,66; dan 0,86%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan S. hystrix mampu meningkatkan kandungan nutrisi dan nilai aktivitas antioksidan flakes. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi S. hystrix yang ditambahkan, maka semakin tinggi kandungan nutrisi dan nilai aktivitas antioksidannya. Konsentrasi penambahan tepung S. hystrix dalam flakes yang menghasilkan kandungan gizi, aktivitas antioksidan, serta penerimaan konsumen terbaik adalah perlakuan 0,86% dengan karakter 2,96% kadar air, 4,87% abu, 3,66% protein, 6,89% lemak, 81,61% karbohidrat, 1,69% serat kasar, dan nilai aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 36,09%. Nilai hedonik flakes adalah 3,26 untuk kenampakan, 3,46 untuk tekstur, 3,30 untuk aroma, dan 3,05 untuk rasa. Penambahan tepung S. hystrix mampu meningkatkan nilai aktivitas antioksidan dalam flakes sebesar 1,43 – 36,09%. Kata kunci: antioksidan, flakes, formulasi, pangan fungsional, Sargassum hystrix Abstract Sargassum hystrix (S. hystrix) is brown seaweed that contains high antioxidants that can be used as functional food. Flakes is one alternative of breakfast meal. The addition of S. hystrix on flakes was one of the innovation in flakes production. This research aimed to formulate flakes with the addition of S. hystrix and its effect on antioxidant activity of the flakes. This research was conducted using the treatment of differences in the concentration of S. hystrix flour added to flakes, i.e. 0, 0.26, 0.46, 0.66, and 0.86%. The results showed that the addition of S. hystrix could increase the nutritional content and antioxidant activity of the flakes. The higher concentration of S. hystrix addition, the higher the nutritional content and antioxidant activity. The best concentration of S. hystrix addition to flakes on nutritional content, antioxidant activity, and consumer acceptance was the treatment of 0.86%. It had character of 2.96% water content, 4.87% of ash, 3.66% of protein, 6.89% of fat, 81.61% of carbohydrate, 1.69% of crude fiber, and the antioxidant activity of 36.09%. The hedonic value were 3.26 on appearance, 3.46 on texture, 3.30 on aroma, and 3.5 on taste. The addition of S. hystrix could increase the antioxidant activity of the flakes by 1.43 - 36.09%. Keywordss: antioxidant, flakes, formulation, functional food, Sargassum hystrix

Pengelolaan produk retur dari pelanggan sangat mendesak untuk mengurangi kerugian perusahaan yang lebih besar akibat produk yang dikembalikan dari pelanggan. Manajemen produk yang dikembalikan seringkali bukan prioritas bagi perusahaan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini mencoba mengukur kinerja pelaku rantai pasok di sepanjang rantai pasok balikan daging sapi. Analisis menggunakan SCOR dan pembobotan nilai menggunakan AHP, kemudian menghitung perbandingan indikator kinerja utama dengan Objective Matrix. Hasil analisis menggunakan Objective Matrix dan Sistem Traffic Light dengan 16 indikator untuk proses pengiriman dan penarikan menunjukkan kesembilan indikator tersebut masih jauh dari target. Akibatnya ketiga indikator tersebut tidak mencapai tujuan, dan keempat indikator tersebut mencapai satu sasaran. Indikator ini menunjukkan urgensi peningkatan kinerja perusahaan, yaitu indikator resale produk yang telah diperbaiki, lead time pengiriman dan penarikan produk, pemeriksaan kualitas, dan peningkatan fasilitas produk. Hasilnya menunjukkan potensi peningkatan berkelanjutan untuk meningkatkan kinerja rantai pasokan balik daging sapi, mengoptimalkan biaya yang digunakan, dan mengurangi risiko di sepanjang rantai pasokan balik. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan nilai tertinggi dan persentase terendah, yaitu 1.210 dan 72%, yaitu banyaknya produk yang dapat dijual kembali terhadap produk yang dikembalikan. Penelitian ini memiliki kebaruan dalam mengukur kinerja balik rantai pasok yang belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Kata kunci: daging sapi, OMAX, KPI, reverse supply chain, COR, traffic light system

Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Politeknik Negeri Lampung pada bulan Desember sampai Februari 2019. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama adalah sumber bud chip yang berasal dari 3 bagian batang yaitu B1 (atas), B2 (tengah) dan B3 (bawah). Â Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi ZPT IAA dengan 4 taraf yaitu A0 (0 mg ), A1 (150 mg ), A2 (300 mg ), A3 (450 mg ). Â Variabel yang diamati adalah kecepatan tumbuh mata tunas, persentase tumbuh tunas (%), tinggi tanaman (cm), jumlah daun (helai) dan diameter pelepah (mm). Hasil penelitian menunjukan asal bibit bud chip bagian tengah memiliki pertumbuhan terbaik terhadap variabel kecepatan tumbuh, persentase tumbuh, tinggi bibit, jumlah daun, dan diameter pelepah. Pemberian ZPT IAA pada konsentrasi 0-450 mg l-1Â yang telah diterapkan pada sumber bud chip bagian atas, tengah, dan bawah dengan perlakuan perendaman selama 20 menit tidak memberikan dampak yang nyata pada kecepatan tumbuh, persentase tumbuh, tinggi bibit, jumlah daun, diameter pelepah dan tidak terdapat interaksi antara perlakuan asal bibit bud chip (atas, tengah, bawah) dan konsentrasi ZPT IAA (0 mg l-1 ,150 mg l-1Â ,300 mg l-1 dan 450 mg l-1 ).

Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is a plant that produces essential oils and important foreign exchange earner for Indonesia. Using superior clones with the right fertilizer application will increase the yield of patchouli oil. The research aims to obtain patchouli plants that have the best response of urea fertilization application and optimum dosage of urea for patchouli plant growth. The study was conducted at the Politeknik Negeri lampung’s teaching farm in December 2018 until May 2019. The experiment was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RBD), consisting of two treatment factors, namely the type of urea clone. The first factor is the type of clone consisting of 2 levels, namely NPL 9 clone and Lhokseumawe clone. The second factor is the treatment of urea doses consisting of 4 levels, namely control, 250 kg.ha-1, 300 kg.ha-1, and 350 kg.ha-1. Variables observed included plant’s height, bough, diameter, number of leaves, stalk angle, chlorophyll content, wet weight of plant, wind dry weight of plant, and yield. The results of research showed NPL 9 clone had a superior appearance and 350 kg.ha-1 of urea dose was the optimal dose compared to other doses and could increase patchouli yield 2,3% compared to the control treatment.

 Non-conformance to products is produced due to unavoidable production processes. However, it can be minimized in terms of potential occurrences as well as providing a solution to achieve a minimum level of mismatch. This study aims to identify the percentages and types of discrepancy experienced by the company, analyzing process capabilities and identify underlying factors in discrepancy. The research has been done in May 2018. The reseach was implemented in lab and department of process at PT Sugar Labinta, Tanjung Sari, Lampung Selatan. The use of the six sigma method with a structured DMAIC approach is definie, measure, analyze, improve, and control. The tools used in six sigma program on this research consisted of check sheet, caused diagram, p-control chart, and Pareto diagram. It’s processed through the software Minitab 18. The results showed the level sigma process in PT Sugar Labinta 5.04 and has a value DPMO 238.32 based on the table of achievement Sigma defined that the company is at the average level of the USA industri, then to be able to reach the level of Sigma 6 , the discrepancy in respect of the product does not exceed 8 tonnes per month.

There is an agreement about the role of literature in Brazil in the assimilation of the European sociological contributions in the end of 19th century, particularly the influence of social Darwinism and Determinism on the discussions about race and context. The movement known as regionalist literature was deeply influenced by these themes. This paper aims to reflect on the works of this literary movement, whose authors dedicated themselves to the theme of drought in Northeast Brazil, pointing to some of its repercussions on the construction of an alleged Northeastern identity. The paper is divided in two parts. The first deals with the idea of the Northeast as a constructed region and the emersion of drought as a social calamity. In the second part, the drought in the regionalist novel is discussed, highlighting the discursive elements that express social relations in cities that acted as “receptors” of rural populations during drought periods. It concludes that these novels had a denunciative role, but they rarely reflect the reactions of the political subjects. They therefore contribute with the reproduction of old images as symbols that stigmatize identity and political actions much more related to permanence than to change.Keywords: regionalist literature; Northeast; drought images.How to citeCOSTA, Liduina Farias Almeida da. Entre a denuncia e o fatalismo: natureza, sociedade e sertanejos-retirantes na literatura que evoca o Nordeste das secas. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 571-593, out. 2020. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-4.Received on August 1, 2020. Accepted on August 28, 2020.

Incident in Antares, book by Erico Verissimo, is divided into two parts. The first, Antares, refers to the historical process of formation of political-social relations in this imaginary municipality of Rio Grande do Sul’s interior. In the Incident part the author exposes the underbelly of Brazilian private life. In both, however, the author examines carefully the intricacies of an extremely corrupt and decomposed public-institutional apparatus, as if it were the interior of what could be the first national institution, the family. Starting from the idea that Antares can be historically read as a social laboratory of Brazilian political-social relations, the article takes as object the first part of the book so as to establish, through the events and facts presented, a reflective dialogue with other interpreters of Brazilian social thought. To this end, in order to preserve the historical coherence and ambience that inspired its creator, almost all the authors selected here either wrote before the publication of Verissimo's book or are his contemporaries.Keywords: interpretations of Brazil; Brazilian social thought; Incident in Antares; authoritarianism; coronelismo.How to citeGERHARDT, Cleyton. Interpretando Antares – um laboratorio das relacoes politico-sociais a brasileira. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 508-549, out. 2020. DOI: https://www.doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-2.Received on July 18, 2020. Accepted on August 31, 2020.

Consumption smoothing and temporal price arbitrage are the two main economic motives for grain storage in semi-subsistence economies. Nonetheless, little has been documented on the determinants of households’ grain storage behavior. Using a rich panel data from maize producing households in Ethiopia, this paper investigates the determinants of households’ decision to store grain for consumption and/or for the market. We found that grain storage is mainly determined by climatic factors, technological innovations, and shocks. Grain storage for consumption and for the markets are not mutually exclusive decisions. While the decisions made by the households to store maize for consumption and for the markets are influenced by a host of similar factors, the effects of climatic factors and infrastructure are found to be heterogeneous.

The study sought to unveil the factors that hinder the touch exam, analyzing and discussing aspects such as identity, subjectivity and gender, with a view to understanding how the Integral Care Policy's interdiction or compromise mechanism occurred. It aimed to analyze the complex and conflicting nature of the touch exam and its implications for gender studies. The methodology of a qualitative nature and with an interpretive bias was supported by the phenomenological approach, whose path was: analysis and theoretical interpretation of studies and documents related to the object of studies; elaboration and application of an interview script (recorded, transcribed and analyzed) with 31 volunteers – all men, over 45 years old and residents of the rural community of Alexandria / RN, at the Manicoba and Cacimba de Cima sites; interpretation of results and considerations. The results showed that men sought health posts infrequently, justifying the absence of need. In contrast, attitudes and affirmations of masculinity / virility were noted that overlapped any demand in the health field, especially when dealing with serious diseases, such as prostate cancer. It was noticed that the subjectivity of the exam, where the man's body is touched, seems to be more significant than the self-care. It was evident in the rural communities studied, the need to create and strengthen professional staff to act in the fight against prejudice and in the elaboration of solid planning in the field of men's health.Keywords: identity; subjectivity; public health policies; semiarid.How to citeOLIVEIRA, Andre Luiz Abrantes; SOUZA, Bertulino Jose de. Politicas publicas de saude do homem do campo no semiarido nordestino. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 644-675, out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-7.Received on May 25, 2020. Accepted on August 31, 2020.

 The oil palm male flowers post anthesis is one of the solid wasted of oil palm which has not been much utilized. It can be used by processing into biofuel or bioethanol and to be alternative for fossil fuels whose availability is increasingly scarce. The purpose of this study were to determine the effect of several cycles of thermal delignification on the levels of lignin, holocellulose, and cellulose and to determine the best levels of lignin, holocellulose, and cellulose from the treatment of several thermal delignification cycles. This study used a one factor completely randomized design method with 3 treatments; one, two, and three cycle thermal delignification. Each treatments were three replications. Data were analized with analysis of variance with α 5 %, if there was a significant treatment effect, the further analysis using Tukey test. The results showed that the treatment of thermal delignification with several cycles had a significant effect on the levels of lignin, holocellulose, and cellulose. The best levels of lignin, holocellulose and cellulose were shown in the treatment of three cycles of thermal delignification.Keywords: bioethanol, cellulose, hemicellulose, holocellulose, lignin

This article focuses on the study of socioenvironmental and territorial conflicts, experienced by three Geraizeiras communities in the north of Minas Gerais State. The text starts from the premise that the resistance and struggles for the territorial recovery of the Geraizeiros, which began around the 2000s, were triggered by worsening water scarcity. The realization that the decrease in water from its natural sources was caused by the presence of extensive eucalyptus monocultures in the plateaus and other forms of environmental degradation, led communities to reorganize and reaffirm their identity in the struggle for rights. The Geraizeira identity construction is reaffirmed in the conflict, manifested explicitly from an antagonism with groups that usurped their traditional territories. The strong collective cohesion – maintaining and intensifying reciprocal ties observed among community members in the search for water restoration and conservation of Cerrado biodiversity – has led to the understanding that the struggle for water is now part of this identity construct.Keywords: Geraizeiras communities; identity; traditional territories; water.How to citeSOUZA, Jonielson Ribeiro de; SAUER, Sergio. Antagonismo e reciprocidade na (re)afirmacao identitaria dos geraizeiros: luta por territorio e agua no norte de Minas Gerais. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 676-699, out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-8.Received on June 5, 2020. Accepted on August 21, 2020.

Based on a discussion about the origins of regionalism in the Brazilian literary historiography (CANDIDO, 1975, 2000, 2014), this study analyses the representation of sertao rural space in the novel Outros Cantos, by the writer Maria Valeria Rezende (2016). Based on the anthropological perspective of Darcy Ribeiro (2006) and the contributions by Moreira (2016), this paper debates the social conflicts arising from asymmetric power relations involving hierarchical categories of class to comprehend the new outlines that trace the northeastern sertao within the globalized world and how this space turns up resignified in Brazilian contemporary literature (SANTINI, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2014).Keywords: Brazilian contemporary literature; Maria Valeria Rezende; sertao.How to citeSANT'ANA, Renata Cristina. Os (re)significados do sertao em ‘Outros Cantos’ de Maria Valeria Rezende. Estudos Sociedade e Agricultura, Rio de Janeiro, v. 28, n. 3, p. 624-643, out. 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36920/esa-v28n3-6.Received on August 2, 2020. Accepted on August 28, 2020.

As urban expands into peripheral areas, peri-urban indigenous farmers lose their land and highly vulnerable to negative externalities of urbanization. The aim of the study is to assess the economic linkage between urban development and the livelihood of peri-urban farming communities, focus on current practice and policies. From Ethiopia, Amara regional state was selected. Through multistage sampling, five municipalities (Debra Birhan, Shewa Robit, Kombolcha, Dessie, and Woldia) were taken as the sample from Amara regional state. Interviews were conducted with 30 municipalities’ officials of the selected town. Questionnaires collected from 200 respondents of peri-urban evicted farmers. As the findings of the study suggest, peri-urban farmers’ evictions from their indigenous land for land re-development are the continuous process that negatively affects the livelihood of farming communities. The factors that contribute for urban expansion in Amara regional state are economic policy reform, the creation of enabling the environment for private investors, the unsatisfied demand of urban dwellers for residential, and expansion of public sector projects. A collaborative effect of policy limitations, potential conflicts, unplanned livelihood, and poor saving habits of peri-urban farmers, lack of municipality intervention and lack of good governance negatively affect the livelihood of peri-urban farmers and jeopardize the image of government. The forwarded solutions are municipalities should have fully implemented urban policies, should have work on mutual benefits of concerned stakeholders, farmers’ background should be recorded and continuous follow up of evicted farmers livelihood should be practiced.

Cookies are one of the snacks, usually made from wheat flour and have high carbohydrate and fat but low fiber contents. In the present study, dahlia tuber flour was used to substitute wheat flour to produce fiber-rich cookies. The effect of dahlia tuber flour and wheat flour ratio and the addition of margarine were studied. The optimum formulation was obtained by Derringer’s desirability function, by comparing the closeness value of the physical properties of cookies made from dahlia tuber flour with control cookies made from wheat flour as a target. The result showed that optimum formulation to produce fiber-rich cookies obtained by using dahlia tuber flour and wheat flour ratio of 30:70 and margarine 75%, with total desirability (D) value of 0.84.

Kemasan produk saat ini harus dapat memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen dengan persepsi berbeda-beda. Desain afektif untuk kemasan produk diperlukan untuk mengetahui respon atau emosi konsumen tehadap produk tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi kebutuhan afektif konsumen untuk desain kemasan produk household care ramah lingkungan, mengidentifkasi elemen desain yang relevan dengan kemasan produk, dan mengembangkan desain afektif kemasan produk berdasarkan elemen desain dan kebutuhan afektif konsumen. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Algoritma Relief untuk menentukan elemen desain relevan berdasarkan tingkat kepentingan dan Association Rule Mining (ARM) untuk merumuskan desain kemasan yang efektif. Hasil dari penelitian ini berupa sepuluh elemen kemasan terpenting menurut persepsi konsumen (bentuk badan, volume isi, letak brand, bahan kemasan, warna tulisan brand, fungsi kemasan, ukuran huruf, gambar tema, warna badan, serta rasio panjang dan lebar kemasan). Sampel kemasan diklasifikasikan berdasarkan sepuluh elemen desain tersebut dan tipenya pada setiap elemen. Metode ARM menghasilkan sepuluh aturan teratas dari hubungan antar elemen desain dengan persepsi konsumen. Sepuluh aturan tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman dalam mengem-bangkan desain kemasan produk. Kata kunci: Association Rules Mining, desain afektif, elemen desain, Relief Abstract Product packaging nowadays must be able to fulfill the needs of consumers with different perceptions. Affective design for household care product packaging is required to determine consumer responses or emotions for the product. This research aims to identify the consumer needs for design product packaging, identify the relevant design elements to the product packaging, and develop the affective design of packaging based on design elements and consumer needs. The methods used were Relief Algorithm to extract the essential design elements and resulted in the most essential element and Association Rule Mining (ARM) to formulate an affective design of household care packaging in PT XY. These research results are the ten essential packaging elements according to consumer perceptions (body shape, content volume, brand position, packaging material, brand writing color, packaging function, font size, theme image, body-color, and width to length ratio). The packaging sample classified based on the ten design elements and the type for each element. ARM resulted in the top ten rules based on the relation between design elements and consumer perceptions. PT XY can use it for guidelines in developing effective product packaging design. Keywords: affective design, Association Rules Mining, design element, Relief

PT XYZ adalah salah satu produsen pakan unggas di Kabupaten Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur. Permasalahan dalam pengembangan pakan unggas di PT XYZ adalah harga pakan unggas yang berfluktuasi. Komponen terbesar bahan baku pembuatan pakan unggas adalah jagung dan bungkil kacang kedelai (BKK). Permasalahan fluktuasi harga pakan unggas dapat diatasi dengan prakiraan harga jagung dan BKK. Prakiraan yang tepat dapat membantu PT XYZ untuk optimalisasi alokasi sumber daya perusahaan. Optimalisasi sumber daya bertujuan untuk meningkatkan keuntungan yang diperoleh perusahaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pengembangan model jaringan syaraf tiruan (JST) backpropagation untuk prakiraan harga jagung dan BKK. Model JST dikembangkan dengan perlakuan jumlah lapisan tersembunyi (node hidden layer), fungsi aktivasi, dan laju pembelajaran (learning rate). Data penelitian yang digunakan adalah harga jagung dan BKK pada periode Januari 2016-Oktober 2018. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model JST terbaik untuk prakiraan harga jagung adalah 12 node input, 5 node hidden layer, dan 1 node output dengan kombinasi fungsi aktivasi sigmoid biner (logsig)-sigmoid biner (logsig) dan learning rate 0,005. Model JST terbaik untuk prakiraan harga BKK adalah 12 node input, 10 node hidden layer, dan 1 node output dengan kombinasi fungsi aktivasi sigmoid bipolar (tansig)-pure linier (purelin) dan tingkat learning rate 0,006. Kata kunci: harga jagung dan bungkil kacang kedelai, Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan, pakan unggas Abstract PT XYZ is one of the poultry feed producers in Banyuwangi Regency. The problem in developing poultry feed at PT XYZ was related to the fluctuative price of poultry feed itself. The biggest component of raw material for producing poultry feed that affect prices were maize and soybean meal. The problem of poultry feed price fluctuations can be overcome by forecasting the price of maize and soybean meal. The accurate forecast can be used as a reference for PT XYZ in optimizing the allocation of resources so as to increase the profits of the company. The aim of this study was developing a backpropagation neural network (ANN) model. The ANN model was developed by number of hidden layers, activation function, and learning rate. The price of maize and soybean meal in the period January 2016-October 2018 was used as data in this study. The best model for forecasting maize price was 12 input nodes, 5 hidden layer nodes, and 1 output node with a combination of the sigmoid binary (logsig)-sigmoid binary (logsig) activation function and 0.005 learning rate. The best model for forecasting soybean meal was 12 input nodes, 10 hidden layer nodes, and 1 output node with a combination of sigmoid bipolar (tansig)-pure linear activation function (purelin) and 0.006 learning rate. Keywords: Artificial Neural Network, maize and soybean meal prize, poultry feed

Pangasius fish is one of the rapid growing fresh water species in aquaculture. This study was aimed to assess the microbial number, physical quality and sensory evaluation of the Pangasius fish fillets from Nepal. Pangasius fish were collected from Chitwan and Nawalparasi districts, fillets were prepared and blast frozen simultaneously. The microbial number decreased rapidly during storage in frozen condition while Staphlylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli (which were present initially in fillets) disappeared during storage. The sensory panellists preferred air blast frozen fillets stored for one month than stored for two months. Different parts of the fish body showed different textural properties. Hardness was increased during second month of storage while other textural properties were found satisfactory in first month of storage in frozen condition. This study showed that sensory qualities of air blast frozen Pangasius fish fillets changes with time even in frozen storage. Keywords: fillet, microbial number, Pangasius, sensory, texture Abstrak Ikan Pangasius adalah salah satu spesies ikan air tawar yang dapat tumbuh cepat saat dibudidayakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menilai kualitas mikroba, kualitas fisik, dan evaluasi sensorik fillet ikan Pangasius di Nepal. Ikan Pangasius didapatkan dari daerah Chitwan dan Nawalparasi kemudian dibuat fillet dan dibekukan secara langsung. Jumlah mikroba menurun drastis saat penyimpanan dalam kondisi beku, sedangkan Staphlylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli (yang memang ada di bahan sejak awal) tidak ada selama penyimpanan. Panelis sensoris lebih memilih fillet ikan dengan pembekuan air blast yang disimpan selama satu bulan daripada dua bulan. Bagian tubuh ikan yang berbeda menunjukkan sifat tekstur fillet yang berbeda. Tingkat kekerasan fillet ikan meningkat saat penyimpanan bulan ke dua, sementara sifat tekstur yang lain paling diminati saat penyimpanan bulan pertama dalam kondisi beku. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa kualitas sensoris fillet ikan Pangasius dengan pembekuan air blast berubah seiring waktu bahkan dalam penyimpanan beku. Kata kunci: fillet, jumlah mikroba, Pangasius, sensori, tekstur

Indonesia is an agrarian country with its extensive production sectors. One of them is of biopharma commodities called noni (Morinda sp.). The production number of noni fruit in 2013 is 8,432,119 kg and 8,577,347 kg in 2014. The research aims to obtain an optimum temperature and concentration of maltodextrin of noni powder making, the optimum total of yield and antioxidant. The powdering process was carried out using Foam Mat Drying. The research employed the Response Surface Method (RSM) with central composite design factorial 2 2 for optimization. The factors studied were maltodextrin (10%, 15%, and 20%) and temperatures (80°C, 85°C, and 90°C). The results showed that the optimum formula composition specifically is at a temperature of 84.447°C, and 20% w/w (weight by weight) of maltodextrin. Based on the optimum formula, it was predicted that the value of the antioxidant activity was 60.473 mg/ml per 100 mg, and the yield was 22.417% w/w. Hence, it can be concluded that the optimum formula obtained can be used as a model for the making of noni fruit powder. Keywords: Foam Mat Drying, noni powder, response surface method Abstrak Indonesia adalah sebuah negara agraris dan hasil sektor produksi terbesar. Salah satunya dari komoditas Biofarmaka yaitu mengkudu (Morinda sp.). Tanaman mengkudu yang dihasilkan nilai produksinya pada tahun 2013 sebanyak 8.432.119 kg, tahun 2014 sebanyak 8.577.347 kg. Tujuan penelitian ini didapatkan suhu dan konsentrasi maltodekstrin yang tepat pada pembuatan serbuk mengkudu serta didapatkan total rendemen dan antioksidan yang optimal. Metode yang digunakan pada proses pembubukan adalah Foam Mat Drying. Metode yang digunakan untuk optimasi adalah Metode Permukaan Tanggap (RSM) dengan rancangan komposit terpusat faktorial 2 2 . faktor yang digunakan adalah maltodekstrin yaitu 10%, 15% dan 20% serta suhu yaitu 80°C, 85°C dan 90°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komposisi formula yang terbaik suhu sebesar 84,447°C, dan maltodekstrin sebesar 20% b/b (berat per berat). Dapat diprediksikan dari formula optimal tersebut mendapatkan nilai aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 60,473 mg/ml per 100 mg dan rendemen sebesar 22,417% b/b. Disimpulkan bahwa formula optimal yang telah didapatkan dapat digunakan sebagai model untuk pembuatan serbuk dari buah mengkudu. Kata kunci: Foam Mat Drying, Metode Permukaan Tanggap, serbuk mengkudu

Minuman herbal merupakan minuman berbahan dasar bagian tumbuhan yang berkhasiat bagi tubuh. Salah satu tumbuhan berkhasiat yang dapat diolah menjadi minuman herbal yaitu cabe jawa, namun selama ini cabe jawa hanya digunakan sebagai bahan pembantu dalam pembuatan jamu dan minuman herbal lainnya. Oleh karena itu, terdapat peluang pengembangan produk berbasis cabe jawa sebagai bahan baku utama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui alternatif pengembangan produk minuman herbal berbasis teh cabe jawa mengunakan metode Value Engineering dengan 5 tahapan, yaitu tahap informasi, kreatif, analisis, pengembangan, dan rekomendasi. Penelitian ini menghasilkan 5 alternatif pengembangan produk minuman herbal berbasis cabe jawa dengan skor tertinggi. Masing-masing alternatif berbeda pada proporsi daun teh dan cabe jawa, berat per kantong, jenis kemasan dan penggunaan benang. Alternatif terbaik yang diperoleh yaitu alternatif 3 dengan kondisi proporsi daun teh dan cabe jawa (1:2) dengan berat < 2 (1-2) gr/ kantong, jenis kemasan box dengan menggunakan benang. Rasio nilai tambah minuman cabe jawa celup dengan metode Value Engineering sebesar 52,095% dengan persentase keuntungan 34,251% dari produk sebelumya dan nilai tambah sebesar Rp5.822,81. Kata Kunci: minuman herbal, teh cabe jawa, Value Engineering Abstract Herbal drinks are drinks based on plant parts that are beneficial for health. One of the beneficial plants that can be processed into herbal drinks is Java long pepper. So far, Java long pepper only used as a supporting ingredient in producing herbs and other herbal drinks. Therefore, there is an opportunity to develop Java long pepper-based products as the primary raw material. This study aims to determine the product development of herbal drink based on Java long pepper tea using the Value Engineering method with five stages (information, creative, analysis, development, and recommendation stages). This study resulted in 5 alternatives for herbal drink products based on Java long pepper tea with the highest score. Each alternative is different in the proportion of tea leaves and Java long pepper, weight per bag, type of packaging, and use of teabag yarn. The best alternative obtained is alternative 3 with the condition of the proportion of tea leaves and Java long pepper (1: 2) with a weight of

Pia edamame attracts consumers as a typical food of Jember Regency. However, its development involves a high level of competition because of various types and quality of similar products with competitive prices. It then improves the opportunities for consumers in selecting the product according to their expectations to meet the satisfaction. Pia edamame of Said's Roti (SR), therefore, needs to develop its product to achieve high competitiveness as a typical food of Jember. This study aims to know the consumers attributes requirements and strategies to improve the competitive predominance of pia edamame SR. One of the methods used to assess and interpret consumer expectation is Quality Function Deployment (QFD). Application of QFD in this research, in the context of the process of quality improvement of pia edamame SR, provides various important information regarding consumer expectations and requirement. The results show that the goal values of attributes for consumer demand on packaging and flavor variant of pia edamame SR have not met the target, thus require improvement. Besides, the value of benchmarking was lower than its two competitors on the several technical responses. Hence, pia edamame SR requires a planning of competitive strategies by improving packaging and increasing the flavor variant. Keywords: pia edamame, quality, Quality Function Deployment, strategy Abstrak Pia edamame sebagai makanan khas Jember memiliki daya tarik tersendiri bagi para konsumen. Potensi tersebut mengakibatkan tingginya tingkat persaingan antar pelaku bisnis serta munculnya berbagai macam produk sejenis dengan mutu dan harga yang bersaing. Hal tersebut memberikan peluang pada konsumen untuk lebih selektif memilih produk sesuai dengan selera dan kebutuhannya, sehingga konsumen mendapatkan kepuasan tersendiri. Oleh karena itu, pia edamame Said’s Roti (SR) perlu terus dikembangkan agar mampu bersaing di pasar sebagai makanan ciri khas Kabupaten Jember. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui atribut kebutuhan yang diinginkan oleh konsumen serta mengetahui strategi yang perlu dilakukan untuk meingkatkan keunggulan bersaing pia edamame SR. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menilai dan menerjemahkan keinginan konsumen adalah metode quality function deployment (QFD). Penerapan QFD pada penelitian ini terkait dengan proses peningkatan kualitas pia edamame SR yang dapat memberikan berbagai macam informasi penting mengenai kebutuan dan keinginan konsumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai goal atribut kebutuhan konsumen terhadap kemasan dan varian rasa pia edamame SR belum mencapai target sehingga perbaikan harus dilakukan pada kedua atribut tersebut. Nilai benchmarking pia edamame SR juga masih di bawah kedua pesaingnya pada beberapa respon teknis sehingga diperlukan perancangan strategi bersaing pia edamame SR dengan memperbaiki kemasan dan menambah varian rasa. Kata kunci: kualitas, pia edamame, Quality Function Deployment, strategi

Saat ini, banyak produk makanan instan yang tersedia di pasar modern hingga pasar tradisional. Hal ini dikarenakan canggihnya teknologi pangan yang terus mengalami perkembangan. Produk olahan pangan yang instan lebih disukai masyarakat saat ini karena memiliki banyak varian rasa, praktis, dan mudah dalam pengolahannya. Salah satu bahan baku yang dapat diolah menjadi makanan instan adalah kedelai. Kedelai adalah salah satu sumber pangan yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan di berbagai negara. Di Indonesia, pemanfaatan kedelai dititikberatkan pada konsumsi tempe dan tahu, yang berfungsi sebagai lauk dan merupakan bagian dari menu makan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kelayakan awal produk olahan kedelai sebelum produk dipasarkan sehingga nantinya akan siap untuk dipasarkan. Metode penelitian ini mencakup tahap preliminary screening, comparative rating, dan prefeasibility analysis. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada konsumen sekitar untuk menilai produk mana yang lebih banyak dipilih konsumen dari berbagai segi, seperti luas pasar, biaya, dan risiko. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk nugget tempe layak untuk dipasarkan dilihat dari beberapa unsur dasar, seperti pemasaran, variansi produk, ketersediaan bahan baku, biaya, dan estimasi keuntungan pada analisis kelayakan awal dibandingkan dengan produk olahan lain yang berbahan dasar kedelai. Kata kunci: kedelai, makanan olahan, kelayakan Abstract Nowadays, many instant food products are available in the modern market to traditional markets. It is due to the continuously development of sophisticated food technology. Instant food products are the most popular today because they have many variants of flavor, practical, and easy to process. One of the raw materials that can be processed into instant food is soybean. Soybean is one of the food sources that has been widely utilized in various countries. In Indonesia, soybean is mostly consumed as tempeh and tofu, which serves as a side dish and is part of the dining menu. Thus, the purpose of this research is analyzing the prefeasibility of soybean processed product before the product is marketed so that it will be ready to be marketed. This study method covers the preliminary screening, comparative rating, and prefeasibility analysis stages. This research is conducted at surrounding consumers to assess the products that consumers prefer in various aspects, such as market area, cost, and risk. The results showed that the product of tempeh nugget is feasible to be marketed based on several basic elements, such as marketing, product variances, raw material availability, cost, and estimated profit on prefeasibility analysis compared to other processed products that are also made from soybean. Keywords: soybean, processed food, feasibility

Purpose: development of constructive solutions for water intake structures for water withdrawal from watercourses, its preliminary treatment from mechanical pollutants and further delivery to drip irrigation systems. Materials and methods. The information base for the study was the survey data of existing water intakes and suggestions found in the patent search for constructive solutions for water intake structures from flumes and its delivering to the water supply network of drip irrigation systems. When developing reclamation water intakes designs, methods of scientific analysis of existing and proposed structural solutions were used and search design technologies were used in developing structural schemes. Results. During the inspection of existing water intakes, their low efficiency in preliminary water treatment from mechanical pollutants which leads to intensive pollution of water treatment facilities that are part of the drip irrigation system was stated. The task of a higher degree of water treatment from pollutants at the intake can be solved by the use of water-filtering elements in the intake units and structures. Two structural solutions of water intake heads preventing the weeds of a given size from entering the pipeline drip network on the base of filtering panels have been proposed. In the design of the proposed water intakes, it is supposed to withdraw water from the least polluted horizons of water courses, to purify it by filtering and also replace or clean the filtering elements from the accumulated litter on their surface. Conclusions. As a result of the study, two water intake designs from surface water bodies based on the use of filtering panels that provide a given level of water treatment from mechanical impurities for its subsequent delivery into the piping network of drip irrigation systems were proposed.

Purpose: to study the practice of using water resources of Rostov region at the present stage, to identify the main trends and water use regularities, the dynamics of water-retaining capacity of the gross regional product, to substantiate organizational, economic and administrative-legal measures aimed at improving the efficiency of using water potential at the mesoeconomic level. Materials and methods. The application of statistical methods, dynamic analysis tools, methods of scientific abstraction, modeling the socio-economic consequences of the region’s water management practices in the research process has made it possible to establish the main parameters of water use by types of economic activity in Rostov region at the present stage. Results. In analyzing statistical data, the following facts were revealed. Water withdrawal for the production and delivery of electric and thermal energy and gas decreased from 1395.31 million m³ in 2016 to 1085.46 million m³ in 2019 (minus 309.85 million m³ (minus 22.21 %)). Water consumption in the housing and communal services system of the Rostov region also decreased in the analyzed period by 40.78 million m³ (9.99 %) from 408.35 to 367.57 million m³. The fact that the largest amount of water resources in Rostov region is withdrawn in the interests of sectors related to agricultural production found its empirical confirmation. A negative trend in the growth of water-retaining capacity of the regional economy increasing from 2.605 to 2.608 m³/thousand rub was found. Conclusions. At the present stage, the format of economic development of the water resource potential developed in Rostov region does not meet the criteria for sustainable development. The increase in water-retaining capacity of the regional economy negatively affects competitiveness. The organizational, economic and administrative-legal instruments to increase the economic efficiency of water use at the regional level are proposed.

This study analyzed the adequacy between credit supply and the expectations of rice farmers in Central Benin to define policies for improved agricultural-oriented financial services. A survey was conducted in October 2016 among 120 rice farmers randomly selected from six rice-farming villages. Data collected through structured and semi-structured interviews included the financial services offered by Microfinance Institutions, socio-demographic characteristics of rice farmers, their expectations and perception. Multivariate analysis combining hierarchical ascending cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define the distinct groups of rice farmers according to their credit expectations. The unmet expectations of rice farmers for a credit scheme that suits their needs were identified based on the gaps between their expectations and perception. There were three rice farmers’ clusters with distinct characteristics based on their expectations. These farmers were not satisfied with all the attributes of the current credit scheme. Pending the effectiveness of the agricultural bank, the approaches such as the inventory credit system are useful in facilitating credit access to smallholder farmers. It is also essential to combine credit supply with financial education and technical support in a system such as contract farming.

The purpose of this study was to assess the restoration of vegetation in the reclaimed bowls of the ash dumps of the Chita TPP-1. The object of the research was the vegetation cover formed on two worked-out cups of the ash dumps, which were reclaimed in 2010 – the “young dump” and in 1986 – the “middle-aged dump”. The background was natural phytocenoses that were not subjected to ash and slag waste storage, located outside the dumps a short distance from them. Materials and methods. According to generally accepted methods for botanical research 9 plots where the characteristics of the floristic composition was performed were laid on each reclaimed bowl. The identified species were divided into families; their belt-zonal and ecological classification was performed. Results. The assessment of vegetation cover formation on two worked out ash and slag dump of Chita TPP-1 showed that vegetation is characterized by an unsatisfactory ability to recover, regardless of the terms of reclamation. This is reflected in a 4-fold decrease in projective cover in the territory reclaimed over 30 years ago and more than 7-fold in the territory reclaimed about 10 years ago, as well as a significant (2 and 3.5-fold) decrease in species diversity. In addition, the territory of the “young dump” is characterized by significant areas of eroded areas. According to the belt-zonal and ecological classification, it was revealed that phytocenoses of the forest-steppe, actually steppe, mountain-steppe type are formed on the “young” and “middle-aged” dumps, this corresponds to adjacent undisturbed phytocenoses. Conclusions. The research results indicate the need to change existing approaches to the reclamation of waste lands of ash and slag dumps of Chita TPP-1.

Purpose: to determine the water availability impact on the growth, development, yield and water consumption characteristics of spring planted potatoes. Materials and methods: the research was conducted on chernozem soils of Volgograd region. The impact of water availability on the growth, development, yield and water consumption of potatoes was studied. Different water availability was created by changing the calculated water application rate and irrigation rate (control) by increasing by 20 % and decreasing by 20 and 40 %. The experiments were laid out according to B. A. Dospekhov (1985), observations and studies were carried out according to the methodology of All-Russian Research Institute of Irrigated Agriculture named after V. N. Pleshakov (1983). Mathematical processing of experimental data was performed using Microsoft Office Excel 2007. Results: it was found that morphological indicators changed under the influence of different water availability: in option 2, the plants had the biggest height (0.74 m) and leaf area in the budding and flowering phase (30.9 and 30.1 thousand m²/ha), but the higher water availability in option 2 did not contribute to the formation of a larger oven dry mass. Productivity of marketable tubers was higher (58.8 t/ha) in option 1 versus 55.9 t per ha in option 2. It turned out to be lower than in the control, due to the higher percentage of tuber damage by phytophthora, although the difference in yield in 2016 and 2017 was within the least significant difference, and in 2015 was significant – more than the LSD. Conclusions: a decrease in the irrigation rate by 20 % in option 3 and by 40 % in option 4 led to a decrease in yield to 53.1 and 43.7 t/ha, respectively, but when the irrigation rate decreases by 20 % in option 3, the yield decreases only 9.7 %, and a decrease in irrigation rate by 40 % leads to a decrease in productivity by 25.6 %, i. e. one can talk about water resources saving per unit of output.

The limited water absorption of sago starch requires the addition of soybean isolate protein and transglutaminase in its formation into a dough. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of addition of soy protein and transglutaminase to sago starch on the water absorption. The study was conducted with the stages of characterization of sago starch, determining the effect of protein concentration of soybean isolates, and determining the effect of the addition of transglutaminase to increase water absorption. The results showed that the addition of 9% concentration of soybean isolate protein could increase water absorption up to 4.60 (g/g). This addition decreasedswelling power because the soybean isolate protein has the ability to form a gel lower than starch and also the interaction between starch and protein which limits swelling power. The increase in solubility occuredbecause electrostatic interactions werehigher than hydrophobics in the amino acid protein isolates of soybeans. In addition, it decreasedpeak viscosity, increasedfinal viscosity, decreasedviscosity and initial temperature of the gelatinizes. Addition of transglutaminase 2.16 (U/g protein)to sago starch which hadbeen added to soybean isolate protein increasedwater absorption up to 4.71 (g/g). The addition decreasedswelling power and solubility, increasedpeak viscosity, final viscosity, deterioration of viscosity and initial temperatureof gelatinization.

Purpose: to build a hierarchical classification of microhydroelectric power plants, the elements of which are considered as an eventual component of the hydroreclamation system for converting the energy of water flow and solving energy efficiency and energy conservation issues in the reclamation complex. Materials and methods. The source materials used were the works of Russian and foreign researchers in the field of hydroelectric power plants use, as well as its design. Such methods as analysis, synthesis, logic, and classification were used as information processing and classification methods. Results and discussion. The issues of energy efficiency and energy conservation in the reclamation complex require the use of new constructive, technological approaches, and the use of profound convergence between knowledge in the energy industry and land reclamation will allow solving some of them. As a result of the search, processing and analysis of information sources in the field of the use and design of hydroelectric power plants, the absence of a general hierarchical classification of microhydroelectric power plants was stated, that causes certain difficulties in integrating a single microhydroelectric power station into the hydroreclamation system as its element. The conducted research related to the development of a hierarchical classification of microhydroelectric power plants made it possible to identify the necessary objects according to three classification criteria: the presence (absence) of head, the principle of supplying a water resource to a hydraulic unit, and the turbine design. Conclusions. The developed four-level hierarchical classification can be adopted at a first approximation, as a basis for systematizing information on microhydroelectric power stations and can be further used in the design of reclamation systems taking into account energy efficiency and energy conservation elements and can also be the object of further discussion.

Kinerja KarbonAktif dari Kulit Singkong............180Jurnal Teknologi Industri Pertanian 30 (2): 180-189KINERJA KARBONAKTIF DARI KULIT SINGKONG DALAM MENURUNKAN KONSENTRASI FOSFAT PADA AIR LIMBAH LAUNDRY PERFORMANCE OF ACTIVATEDCARBONFROM CASSAVA PEEL IN REDUCING PHOSPHATE CONCENTRATION IN LAUNDRY LIQUID WASTEIllah Sailah*, Fitri Mulyaningsih, Andes Ismayana, Tyara Puspaningrum, Anis Annisa Adnan, Nastiti Siswi IndrastiDepartemenTeknologi Industri Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian BogorKampus IPB Darmaga PO Box 220, Bogor 16002E-mail: illahsailah@apps.ipb.ac.id, Makalah: Diterima 1Juni2020; Diperbaiki 30 Juli2020; Disetujui 10 Agustus2020ABSTRACTCassava peelhas high carboncontent.It becomes potential as an adsorbent in adsorbing laundry phosphate compounds. Utilization of cassava peel into activated charcoal is an effort to reduce waste from the cassava processing industries. This study usedtwo types of activated carbonfrom cassava peel, i.e. acid activated charcoal usingHCl 0.4 M and alkaline activated charcoal using KOH 0.4 M. The objectives of this research were to determine: (1) the optimum contact time of adsorption at 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 min treatment time; (2) the optimum pH value of adsorption at pH 4, 6, 8, and 10; and (3) the adsorption capacity using adsorbent concentration treatmentof 0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, 2%, and 2.5% (w/v). The experimental design used was a Single Factor Randomized Block Trial Design, ANOVA-DNMRT statistical analysis, and linear graphic fordescriptiveanalysis. The analysis of the activated charcoal showed that water contentsof the acid activated charcoal and the alkaline activated charcoal were3.49% and2.89%, respectively; the ash contentswere 6.78% and 9.03%, respectively. The water content andash content meet the standard of SNI 06-3730-1995. The performance test showed that the optimum contact time and pH of acid activated charcoal were 30 min and pH 4, while the alkaline activated charcoal was 90 min and pH 6. The adsorption capacity of acidactive charcoal was 0.26 mg/g and the adsorption capacity of alkaline active charcoal was 0.49 mg/g. Activated carbon from the cassava skin can be used as an adsorbent to reduce phosphate concentrations in laundry waste.

Antioksidan memiliki peran penting dalam mengurangi potensi terjadinya penyakit degeneratif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menambahkan sumber antioksidan bioflavonoid dari ekstrak patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta L) pada gula semut aren. Ekstrak padat patikan kebo diperoleh melalui proses refluks sampel kering pada pelarut etanol 96% yang dilanjutkan proses evaporasi. Penambahan empat tingkat konsentrasi ekstrak (0,5%; 1,0%; 1,5%; 2,0%) diuji pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik sensori (scoring dan hedonik) dan kimia (kandungan bioflavonoid, kadar air, kadar abu, dan gula pereduksi). Keberadaan bioflavonoid (myricitrin dan quercitrin) dianalisis melalui metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), sedangkan konsentrasinya dianalisis secara teoritis berdasarkan kandungan myricitrin dan quercitrin pada ekstrak etanol 96% dari hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Hasil pengujian perbedaan konsentrasi ekstrak menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap mutu sensori (rasa, warna, dan aroma). Semakin tinggi konsentrasi ekstrak yang ditambahkan, semakin menurunkan mutu sensorinya. Aspek mutu sensori, antara rasio 0,5% dan 1,0% tidak berbeda signifikan dan masih menunjukkan daya terima yang baik, namun rasio 1,0% memiliki kandungan bioflavonoid yang lebih tinggi. Penambahan 1,0% ekstrak patikan kebo direkomendasikan sebagai tingkat yang tepat, yaitu mengandung bioflavonoid myricitrin dan quercitrin masing-masing sebesar 3,8 mg/g dan 1,0 mg/g gula semut. Analisis biaya menunjukkan harga pokok produksi untuk penambahan ekstrak 1,0% adalah sebesar Rp110.000,00/kg. Kata kunci: bioflavonoid, Euphorbia hirta, gula semut aren, myricitrin, quercitrin Abstract Antioxidant plays important roles in the reduction of degenerative diseases. This study aimed to formulate bioflavonoid antioxidant from Euphorbia hirta on granulated palm sugar. Extract of E. hirta was obtained by reflux extraction with 96% ethanol. Granulated palm sugars fortified with four concentration levels of E. hirta extract (0.5%; 1.0%; 1.5%; 2.0%) were evaluated for the sensory and chemical characteristics including water content, ash content, reducing sugar, and the presence of bioflavonoid. The content of bioflavonoids (quercitrin and myricitrin) were also calculated based on the content of those compounds in the ethanol extract as identified in the previous study. The presence of bioflavonoid was identified by thin layer chromatography test. Statistical analysis showed that addition of different concentration level of extract to the sugar significantly affect the sensory characteristics. Higher concentration of extract decreased the sensory level. Nevertheless, between concentration of 0.5% and 1.0% were not significantly different, and surely, the higher concentration will provide higher bioflavonoid content. Addition of 1.0% E. hirta extract was recommended due to the higher content of quercitrin and myricitrin (3.8 mg/g and 1.0 mg/g, respectively) with the adequate sensory characteristic. Production of granulated palm sugar fortified with 1.0% E. hirta extract required IDR110,000.00/kg. Keywords: bioflavonoid, Euphorbia hirta, granulated palm sugar, myricitrin, quercitrin