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2. Risk factors associated with nonvaccination rabies status of dogs in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Author

Hergert M, le Roux K, and Nel LH

Subjects
Dog population, Canine rabies, Rabies vaccination, Vaccination campaigns, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, Veterinary medicine, SF600-1100
Abstract

Melinda Hergert,1 Kevin le Roux,2 Louis H Nel3,4 1Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Onderstepoort, Pretoria, 2KwaZulu-Natal Department of Environment, Agriculture and Rural Development, Government Veterinary Services, Pietermaritzburg, 3Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; 4Global Alliance for Rabies Control, Manhattan, KS, USA Abstract: Canine rabies has been enzootic in the dog population of the KwaZulu-Natal ­province of South Africa since the mid-1970s and has been associated with high rates of human exposures and frequent transmissions to other domestic animal species. Several decades of control efforts, consisting primarily of mass vaccination programs, failed to sufficiently curb rabies in this province. For meaningful progression toward better control and elimination, the factors contributing to the persistence of this disease need to be elucidated and addressed. This paper reports evaluated observations from survey records captured through a cross-sectional observational study regarding owned canine populations in this South African province. We used logistic regression modeling to predict variables associated with risk of nonvaccination of rabies in owned dogs. The study indicated that husbandry practices, rabies knowledge, geographical area/location, and the ages of dogs were important factors associated with the risk of nonvaccination. High population turnover, together with large free roaming dog populations, compromised the levels of vaccination achieved and contributed to the persistence of dog rabies in the province. Dog owners in this study also reported that they were more likely to present their dogs for vaccination when the vaccines were free of charge (52%) and less than a kilometer from their homes (91%). It has been suggested that effective dog rabies control requires 70% or more of the dog population to be vaccinated. Our data showed that this figure was not reached in the surveyed dog population. Keywords: dog population, canine rabies, rabies vaccination, vaccination campaigns, ­KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, dog owners

Published
2016

3. Immunisation coverage in the rural Eastern Cape - are we getting the basics of primary care right? Results from a longitudinal prospective cohort study.

Author

Le Roux, K, Akin-Olugbade, O, Katzen, LS, Laurenzi, C, Mercer, N, Tomlinson, M, and Rotheram-Borus, MJ

Subjects
Cardiovascular System & Hematology, General & Internal Medicine, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

BackgroundImmunisations are one of the most cost-effective public health interventions available and South Africa (SA) has implemented a comprehensive immunisation schedule. However, there is disagreement about the level of immunisation coverage in the country and few studies document the immunisation coverage in rural areas.ObjectiveTo examine the successful and timely delivery of immunisations to children during the first 2 years of life in a deeply rural part of the Eastern Cape Province of SA.MethodsFrom January to April 2013, a cohort of sequential births (N=470) in the area surrounding Zithulele Hospital in the OR Tambo District of the Eastern Cape was recruited and followed up at home at 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months post birth, up to May 2015. Immunisation coverage was determined using Road-to-Health cards.ResultsThe percentages of children with all immunisations up to date at the time of interview were: 48.6% at 3 months, 73.3% at 6 months, 83.9% at 9 months, 73.3% at 12 months and 73.2% at 24 months. Incomplete immunisations were attributed to stock-outs (56%), lack of awareness of the immunisation schedule or of missed immunisations by the mother (16%) and lack of clinic attendance by the mother (19%). Of the mothers who had visited the clinic for baby immunisations, 49.8% had to make multiple visits because of stock-outs. Measles coverage (of at least one dose) was 85.2% at 1 year and 96.3% by 2 years, but 20.6% of babies had not received a second measles dose (due at 18 months) by 2 years. Immunisations were often given late, particularly the 14-week immunisations.ConclusionsImmunisation rates in the rural Eastern Cape are well below government targets and indicate inadequate provision of basic primary care. Stock-outs of basic childhood immunisations are common and are, according to mothers, the main reason for their children's immunisations not being up to date. There is still much work to be done to ensure that the basics of disease prevention are being delivered at rural clinics in the Eastern Cape, despite attempts to re-engineer primary healthcare in SA.

Published
2016

13. Lutte contre la rage en Afrique: du constat à l’action

Author

Dodet, B., Adjogoua, E.V., Aguemon, A.-R., Baba, B.A., Bara Adda, S., Boumandouki, P., Bourhy, H., Brahimi, M., Briggs, D., Diallo, M.K., Diarra, L., Diop, B., Diop, S.A.G., Fesriry, B., Gosseye, S., Kharmachi, H., Le Roux, K., Nakoune Yandoko, E., Nel, L., Ngome, J.-M., Nzengue, E., Ramahefalalao, II, E.F., Ratsitorahina, M., Rich, H., Simpore, L., Soufi, A., Tejiokem, M.C., Thiombiano, R., Tiembre, I., Traore, A.K., Wateba, M.I., Yahaye, H., Zaouia, I., and le Bureau d’experts de la rage du continent africain (AfroREB)

Published
2010
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17. Baseline gut microbiota predicts clinical response and colitis in metastatic melanoma patients treated with ipilimumab

Author

Chaput, N., primary, Lepage, P., additional, Coutzac, C., additional, Soularue, E., additional, Le Roux, K., additional, Monot, C., additional, Boselli, L., additional, Routier, E., additional, Cassard, L., additional, Collins, M., additional, Vaysse, T., additional, Marthey, L., additional, Eggermont, A., additional, Asvatourian, V., additional, Lanoy, E., additional, Mateus, C., additional, Robert, C., additional, and Carbonnel, F., additional

Published
2019
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22. Poster Presentations

Author

Le Scanff, J., Bavuz, E., Le Roux, K., Gautlier, J. B., Hot, A., Guy, C., Ollagnier, M., Gagnieu, M. C., Ninet, J., and Rousset, H.

Published
2007
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23. Rural district hospitals - essential cogs in the district health system - and primary healthcare re-engineering

Author

le Roux, K W D P and Couper, I

Subjects
education, behavioral disciplines and activities
Abstract

The re-engineering of primary healthcare (PHC) is regarded as an essential precursor to the implementation of National Health Insurance in South Africa, but improvements in the provision of PHC services have been patchy. The authors contend that the role of well-functioning rural district hospitals as a hub from which PHC services can be most efficiently managed has been underestimated, and that the management of district hospitals and PHC clinics need to be co-located at the level of the rural district hospital, to allow for proper integration of care and effective healthcare provision.

Published
2015

24. Gestion agroécologique des Mouches des légumes à La Réunion

Author

Augusseau, X., Insa , G., Jolet , M., Le Roux , K., Marquier , M., Rousse, P., Roux, E., Soupapoullé , Y., Suzanne , W., and Deguine , J.P.

Subjects
F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, agroécologie, Agriculture biologique, Méthode de lutte, protection des cultures, mouches des légumes, recherche-développement, La Réunion, Projet de recherche, projet de développement, Lutte intégrée, Lutte anti-insecte, Tephritidae, Culture maraîchère, Parasitoïde, H10 - Ravageurs des plantes, Lutte biologique, Cucurbitaceae, Piégeage des animaux
Abstract

GAMOUR est un projet de recherche-développement visant à gérer les populations de Mouches des Cucurbitacées présentes à La Réunion. Il s’appuie sur une démarche agroécologique. GAMOUR est caractérisé, d’une part, par un partenariat diversifié et, d’autre part, par des innovations techniques de protection des cultures (augmentorium, plantes pièges, appâts adulticides, piégeage sexuel). Mis en place de 2009 à 2011 sur 3 villages pilotes (Salazie, Entre-Deux et Petite Ile) et sur 5 fermes certifiées « Agriculture Biologique », le projet a donné des résultats très encourageants. De nombreuses connaissances ont été obtenues sur la bioécologie des mouches et sur de nouvelles techniques de protection. L’enseignement, l’encadrement d’étudiants, la formation des acteurs et la sensibilisation du grand public ont également été mis en avant dans le projet GAMOUR. Sur le plan socio-économique, les agriculteurs ont pu supprimer les insecticides chimiques qu’ils épandaient de manière intensive sur les cultures avant le projet ; les pertes de récoltes ont été fortement réduites ; le temps consacré à la protection des cultures a baissé. Il est désormais prévu l’extension des pratiques GAMOUR aux autres zones de l’île. Ce projet, qui s’inscrit dans la dynamique du plan ECOPHYTO, a reçu une distinction nationale (mention spéciale des Trophées de l’agriculture 2011) et a consolidé les collaborations entre les partenaires. GAMOUR représente à la fois une étape significative pour le développement de l’Agriculture Biologique à La Réunion et un précédent pour d’autres initiatives visant à réduire ou supprimer les pesticides., Gamour is a Research & Development project that aims at managing Cucurbit fruit flies in Reunion Island. It relies on an agroecological approach. Gamour is characterized, on one hand, by a diversified partnership and, on the other hand, by technical innovations in crop protection (augmentorium, trap plants, adulticide baits, sexual trapping). Established from 2009 to 2011 in three pilot villages (Salazie, Entre-Deux and Petite-Ile) and in five organic farms, the project has given encouraging results. Numerous knowledge was obtained in fly bioecology and in new techniques of protection. Teaching, student supervision, actor training and public sensitization were also highlighted in Gamour project. From a social and economical point of view, farmers could remove chemical insecticides that were intensively spread on crops before the project; crops losses were significantly reduced as well as the time spent for crop protection. Extension of these techniques is now planned to the other parts of the island. This project, which contributes to the Ecophyto plan, was nationally rewarded (“Trophées de l’agriculture 2011”) and it strengthened collaborations between the partners. Gamour not only contributes to the development of organic agriculture in the Reunion Island, but is also a first step to other initiatives aiming at reducing or removing pesticides.

Published
2013

25. Agroecological management of cucurbit fruit flies in the Reunion Island

Author

Deguine, Jean-Philippe, Augusseau, Xavier, Insa, G., Jolet, M., Le Roux, K., Marquier, M., Rousse, P., Roux, E., Soupapoullé, Y., Suzanne, W., Peuplements végétaux et bioagresseurs en milieu tropical (UMR PVBMT), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Réunion (UR), Association Réunionnaise pour la Modernisation de l’Economie Fruitière, Légumière et HORticole (ARMEFLHOR), Groupement des Agriculteurs Biologiques de la Réunion, Partenaires INRAE, Farre Réunion, Fédération Départementale des Groupements de Défense contre les Organismes Nuisibles de la Réunion (FDGDON Réunion), Chambre d'Agriculture de la Réunion, and ARMEFLHOR

Subjects
recherche-développement, mouches des légumes, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], agroécologie, protection des cultures, La Réunion
Abstract

Séminaire organisé en janvier 2013 par le groupe Recherche Ecophyto; National audience; Gamour is a Research & Development project that aims at managing Cucurbit fruit flies in Reunion Island. It relies on an agroecological approach. Gamour is characterized, on one hand, by a diversified partnership and, on the other hand, by technical innovations in crop protection (augmentorium, trap plants, adulticide baits, sexual trapping). Established from 2009 to 2011 in three pilot villages (Salazie, Entre-Deux and Petite-Ile) and in five organic farms, the project has given encouraging results. Numerous knowledge was obtained in fly bioecology and in new techniques of protection. Teaching, student supervision, actor training and public sensitization were also highlighted in Gamour project. From a social and economical point of view, farmers could remove chemical insecticides that were intensively spread on crops before the project; crops losses were significantly reduced as well as the time spent for crop protection. Extension of these techniques is now planned to the other parts of the island. This project, which contributes to the Ecophyto plan, was nationally rewarded (“Trophées de l’agriculture 2011”) and it strengthened collaborations between the partners. Gamour not only contributes to the development of organic agriculture in the Reunion Island, but is also a first step to other initiatives aiming at reducing or removing pesticides.; GAMOUR est un projet de recherche-développement visant à gérer les populations de Mouches des Cucurbitacées présentes à La Réunion. Il s’appuie sur une démarche agroécologique. GAMOUR est caractérisé, d’une part, par un partenariat diversifié et, d’autre part, par des innovations techniques de protection des cultures (augmentorium, plantes pièges, appâts adulticides, piégeage sexuel). Mis en place de 2009 à 2011 sur 3 villages pilotes (Salazie, Entre-Deux et Petite Ile) et sur 5 fermes certifiées « Agriculture Biologique », le projet a donné des résultats très encourageants. De nombreuses connaissances ont été obtenues sur la bioécologie des mouches et sur de nouvelles techniques de protection. L’enseignement, l’encadrement d’étudiants, la formation des acteurs et la sensibilisation du grand public ont également été mis en avant dans le projet GAMOUR. Sur le plan socio-économique, les agriculteurs ont pu supprimer les insecticides chimiques qu’ils épandaient de manière intensive sur les cultures avant le projet ; les pertes de récoltes ont été fortement réduites ; le temps consacré à la protection des cultures a baissé. Il est désormais prévu l’extension des pratiques GAMOUR aux autres zones de l’île. Ce projet, qui s’inscrit dans la dynamique du plan ECOPHYTO, a reçu une distinction nationale (mention spéciale des Trophées de l’agriculture 2011) et a consolidé les collaborations entre les partenaires. GAMOUR représente à la fois une étape significative pour le développement de l’Agriculture Biologique à La Réunion et un précédent pour d’autres initiatives visant à réduire ou supprimer les pesticides.

Published
2013

26. Enterotypes of the human gut microbiome

Author

Arumugam, M., Raes, J., Pelletier, E., Le Paslier, D., Yamada, Takuji, Mende, D. R., Fernandes, G. R., Tap, J., Bruls, T., Batto, J. M., Bertalan, M., Borruel, N., Casellas, F., Fernandez, L., Gautier, L., Hansen, T., Hattori, M., Hayashi, T., Kleerebezem, M., Kurokawa, K., Leclerc, M., Levenez, F., Manichanh, C., Nielsen, H. B., Nielsen, T., Pons, N., Poulain, J., Qin, J., Sicheritz-Ponten, T., Tims, S., Torrents, D., Ugarte, E., Zoetendal, E. G., Wang, J., Guarner, F., Pedersen, O., de Vos, W. M., Brunak, S., Dor�, J., Antol匤, M., Artiguenave, F., Blottiere, H. M., Almeida, M., Brechot, C., Cara, C., Chervaux, C., Cultrone, A., Delorme, C., Denariaz, G., Dervyn, R., Foerstner, K. U., Friss, C., van de Guchte, M., Guedon, E., Haimet, F., Huber, W., van Hylckama-Vlieg, J., Jamet, A., Juste, C., Kaci, G., Knol, J., Lakhdari, O., Layec, S., Le Roux, K., Maguin, E., M駻ieux, A., Melo Minardi, R., M'rini, C., Muller, J., Oozeer, R., Parkhill, J., Renault, P., Rescigno, M., Sanchez, N., Sunagawa, S., Torrejon, A., Turner, K., Vandemeulebrouck, G., Varela, E., Winogradsky, Y., Zeller, G., Weissenbach, J., Ehrlich, S. D., Bork, P., Consortium, MetaHIT, Microbiota Interaction with Human and Animal (MIHA), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Molecular Biology Laboratory [Heidelberg] (EMBL), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Center for Biological Sequence Analysis [Lyngby], Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Digestive System Research Unit, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], Barcelona Supercomputing Center - Centro Nacional de Supercomputacion (BSC - CNS), Centre Interlangues - Texte, Image, Langage (TIL), Université de Bourgogne (UB), Hagedorn Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark (SDU), NIZO [Ede, Netherlands], Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Beijing Genomics Institute [Shenzhen] (BGI), Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Lundbeck Foundation Centre for Applied Medical Genomics in Personalized Disease Prediction, Prevention and Care (LuCAMP), Novo Nordisk Foundation, International Science and Technology Cooperation Project in China [0806], Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR), Institute for the encouragement of Scientific Research and Innovation of Brussels (ISRIB), Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO), European Project: 201052,EC:FP7:HEALTH,FP7-HEALTH-2007-A,METAHIT(2008), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, NIZO FOOD RESEARCH (NIZO), Nizo food research, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Male, intestinal microbiota, catalog, obesity, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], pathways, Biodiversity, Biology, Microbiology, Article, diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Feces, Human gut, mucin, Phylogenetics, Microbiologie, Humans, bacterial, Microbiome, genes, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, VLAG, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, metagenomics, Multidisciplinary, Bacteria, colon, 030306 microbiology, Host (biology), Ecology, [SDV.MHEP.HEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hépatology and Gastroenterology, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Europe, Intestines, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Evolutionary biology, Metagenomics, Metagenome, Enterotype, Biological Markers, Female, Biomarkers, Human Microbiome Project
Abstract

International audience; Our knowledge of species and functional composition of the human gut microbiome is rapidly increasing, but it is still based on very few cohorts and little is known about variation across the world. By combining 22 newly sequenced faecal metagenomes of individuals from four countries with previously published data sets, here we identify three robust clusters (referred to as enterotypes hereafter) that are not nation or continent specific. We also confirmed the enterotypes in two published, larger cohorts, indicating that intestinal microbiota variation is generally stratified, not continuous. This indicates further the existence of a limited number of well-balanced host-microbial symbiotic states that might respond differently to diet and drug intake. The enterotypes are mostly driven by species composition, but abundant molecular functions are not necessarily provided by abundant species, highlighting the importance of a functional analysis to understand microbial communities. Although individual host properties such as body mass index, age, or gender cannot explain the observed enterotypes, data-driven marker genes or functional modules can be identified for each of these host properties. For example, twelve genes significantly correlate with age and three functional modules with the body mass index, hinting at a diagnostic potential of microbial markers.

Published
2011
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27. Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy discloses different types of cell death in flow cytometrically sorted cells

Author

Le Roux, K, Prinsloo, Linda C, Meyer, D, Le Roux, K, Prinsloo, Linda C, and Meyer, D

Abstract

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a label free methodology showing promise in characterizing different types of cell death. Cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) and African monkey kidney (Vero) cells were treated with a necrosis inducer (methanol), novel apoptotic inducers (diphenylphosphino gold (I) complexes) and positive control, auranofin. Following treatment, cells stained with annexin-V and propidium iodide were sorted using a Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorter (FACS Aria) to obtain populations consisting of either viable, necrotic or apoptotic cells. Transmission Electron Microscopy confirmed successful sorting of all three populations. Four bands were identified which could discriminate between viable and necrotic cells namely 989 cm−1, 2852 cm−1, 2875 cm−1 and 2923 cm−1. In HeLa cells viable and induced apoptosis could be distinguished by 1294 cm−1, while four bands were different in Vero cells namely; 1626 cm−1, 1741 cm−1, 2852 cm−1 2923 cm−1. Principal Component Analysis showed separation between the different types of cell death and the loadings plots indicated an increase in an additional band at 1623 cm−1 in dead cells. FTIR spectroscopy can be developed into an invaluable tool for the assessment of specific types of chemically induced cell death with notably different molecular signatures depending on whether the cells are cancerous and mechanism of cell death.

Published
2015

28. Cellular injury evidenced by impedance technology and infrared microspectroscopy

Author

Le Roux, K, Prinsloo, Linda C, Meyer, D, Le Roux, K, Prinsloo, Linda C, and Meyer, D

Abstract

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is finding increasing biological application, for example in the analysis of diseased tissues and cells, cell cycle studies and investigating the mechanisms of action of anticancer drugs. Cancer treatment studies routinely define the types of cell-drug responses as either total cell destruction by the drug (all cells die), moderate damage (cell deterioration where some cells survive) or reversible cell cycle arrest (cytostasis). In this study the loss of viability and related chemical stress experienced by cells treated with the medicinal plant, Plectranthus ciliatus, was investigated using real time cell electronic sensing (RT-CES) technology and FTIR microspectroscopy. The use of plants as medicines is well established and ethnobotany has proven that crude extracts can serve as treatments against various ailments. The aim of this study was to determine whether FTIR microspectroscopy would successfully distinguish between different types of cellular injury induced by a potentially anticancerous plant extract. Cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells were treated with a crude extract of Pciliatus and cells monitored using RT-CES to characterize the type of cellular responses induced. Cell populations were then investigated using FTIR microspectroscopy and statistically analysed using One-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The plant extract and a cancer drug control (actinomycin D) induced concentration dependent cellular responses ranging from nontoxic, cytostatic or cytotoxic. Thirteen spectral peaks (915 cm−1, 933 cm−1, 989 cm−1, 1192 cm−1, 1369 cm−1, 1437 cm−1, 1450 cm−1, 1546 cm−1, 1634 cm−1, 1679 cm−1 1772 cm−1, 2874 cm−1 and 2962 cm−1) associated with cytotoxicity were significantly (p value < 0.05, one way ANOVA, Tukey test, Bonferroni) altered, while two of the bands were also indicative of early stress related responses. In PCA, poor separation between nontoxic and cytostatic r

Published
2015

29. Metallodrug induced apoptotic cell death and survival attempts are characterizable by Raman spectroscopy

Author

Le Roux, K, Prinsloo, Linda C, Meyer, D, Le Roux, K, Prinsloo, Linda C, and Meyer, D

Abstract

Chrysotherapeutics are under investigation as new or additional treatments for different types of cancers. In this study, gold complexes were investigated for their anticancer potential using Raman spectroscopy. The aim of the study was to determine whether Raman spectroscopy could be used for the characterization of metallodrug-induced cell death. Symptoms of cell death such as decreased peak intensities of proteins bonds and phosphodiester bonds found in deoxyribose nucleic acids were evident in the principal component analysis of the spectra. Vibrational bands around 761 cm−1 and 1300 cm−1 (tryptophan, ethanolamine group, and phosphatidylethanolamine) and 1720 cm−1 (ester bonds associated with phospholipids) appeared in the Raman spectra of cervical adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells after metallodrug treatment. The significantly (p < 0.05, one way analysis of variance) increased intensity of phosphatidylethanolamine after metallodrug treatment could be a molecular signature of induced apoptosis since both the co-regulated phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine are externalized during cell death. Treated cells had significantly higher levels of glucose and glycogen vibrational peaks, indicative of a survival mechanism of cancer cells under chemical stress. Cancer cells excrete chemotherapeutics to improve their chances of survival and utilize glucose to achieve this. Raman spectroscopy was able to monitor a survival strategy of cancer cells in the form of glucose uptake to alleviate chemical stress. Raman spectroscopy was invaluable in obtaining molecular information generated by biomolecules affected by anticancer metallodrug treatments and presents an alternative to less reproducible, conventional biochemical assays for cytotoxicity analyses.

Published
2014

31. Gestion agroécologique des mouches des légumes à La Réunion

Author

Deguine, J.P., Augusseau, X., Insa, G., Jolet, M., Le Roux, K., Marquier, M., Rousse, P., Roux, E., Soupapoullé, Y., Suzanne, W., Deguine, J.P., Augusseau, X., Insa, G., Jolet, M., Le Roux, K., Marquier, M., Rousse, P., Roux, E., Soupapoullé, Y., and Suzanne, W.

Abstract

GAMOUR est un projet de recherche-développement visant à gérer les populations de Mouches des Cucurbitacées présentes à La Réunion. Il s’appuie sur une démarche agroécologique. GAMOUR est caractérisé, d’une part, par un partenariat diversifié et, d’autre part, par des innovations techniques de protection des cultures (augmentorium, plantes pièges, appâts adulticides, piégeage sexuel). Mis en place de 2009 à 2011 sur 3 villages pilotes (Salazie, Entre-Deux et Petite Ile) et sur 5 fermes certifiées « Agriculture Biologique », le projet a donné des résultats très encourageants. De nombreuses connaissances ont été obtenues sur la bioécologie des mouches et sur de nouvelles techniques de protection. L’enseignement, l’encadrement d’étudiants, la formation des acteurs et la sensibilisation du grand public ont également été mis en avant dans le projet GAMOUR. Sur le plan socio-économique, les agriculteurs ont pu supprimer les insecticides chimiques qu’ils épandaient de manière intensive sur les cultures avant le projet ; les pertes de récoltes ont été fortement réduites ; le temps consacré à la protection des cultures a baissé. Il est désormais prévu l’extension des pratiques GAMOUR aux autres zones de l’île. Ce projet, qui s’inscrit dans la dynamique du plan ECOPHYTO, a reçu une distinction nationale (mention spéciale des Trophées de l’agriculture 2011) et a consolidé les collaborations entre les partenaires. GAMOUR représente à la fois une étape significative pour le développement de l’Agriculture Biologique à La Réunion et un précédent pour d’autres initiatives visant à réduire ou supprimer les pesticides.

Published
2013

43. Épidémiologie et aspects cliniques des infections maternofœtales à virus Chikungunya

Author

Gérardin, P., primary, Robillard, P.-Y., additional, Rollot, O., additional, Barau, G., additional, Lenglet, Y., additional, Touret, Y., additional, Bintner, M., additional, Randrianaivo, H., additional, Grivard, P., additional, Le Roux, K., additional, Fianu, A., additional, Couderc, T., additional, François, F., additional, Michault, A., additional, and Lecuit, M., additional

Published
2008
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