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Copyright of Zeitschrift für Pädagogik is the property of Julius Beltz GmbH & Co. KG Beltz Juventa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The sexualization and censorship of nudity on social networks generates a controversial debate about freedom of expression, gender equality, individual autonomy, or discrimination. The objective of this work is to analyse the perception of the censorship to which male and female bodies are subjected on Instagram and Twitter (X). The results shows that there is a gap in the perception of censorship based on gender, especially towards women, showing that there is a sexualized view in society that pornifies what is natural. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Milk and dairy products mostly contain mycotoxins such as aflatoxin M1, aflatoxin M2, ochratoxin, cyclopiazonic acid, trichothecene, zearalenone, patulin. Mycotoxins in cheese are produced by certain types of fungi. These either directly contaminate the cheese or feed, or indirectly contaminate the milk used in cheese production. Aflatoxin, causes serious impacts on human and animal health, thus costs the world economy billions of dollars. The first legal regulation regarding aflatoxin M1 in Turkiye came into force in 1990. Subsequently, various legislations were published in 1997, 2002, 2008, 2011 and 2023. In this study, 60 publications were examined that investigate the presence of aflatoxin M1 in various cheeses in Turkiye in the last 50 years (1973-2023). In the studies, aflatoxin M1 was detected in almost all cheeses, and only a few were found in rates exceeding the Turkish Legal Limits. Researchers stated different limits for aflatoxin M1 in cheese. To minimize the presence of aflatoxin M1, the following recommendations should be considered. Developing new detection methods, enacting new legal regulations, increasing the frequency of legal inspections, improving the production, transportation and storage conditions of milk and dairy products, improving feed quality, increasing awareness of the health effects of aflatoxin M1.

This article deals with the actions of the administrative proceeding authorities justified by a state of higher necessity. In Poland, the state of higher necessity does not constitute a title for the encroachment of public administration bodies on the rights and obligations of persons without a legal basis. In terms of its essence, the state of force majeure under the Administrative Procedure Code is not uniformly understood. It may be treated narrowly or broadly. However, regardless of its treatment, it conditions the application of special and very often inherently exceptional solutions. This includes issuing decisions with the application of special regulations in matters of peace, security and public order, and sometimes in situations dictated by an even differently understood state of higher necessity. This article deals with the actions of the administrative proceeding authorities justified by a state of higher necessity. In Poland, the state of higher necessity does not constitute a title for the encroachment of public administration bodies on the rights and obligations of persons without a legal basis. In terms of its essence, the state of force majeure under the Administrative Procedure Code is not uniformly understood. It may be treated narrowly or broadly. However, regardless of its treatment, it conditions the application of special and very often inherently exceptional solutions. This includes issuing decisions with the application of special regulations in matters of peace, security and public order, and sometimes in situations dictated by an even differently understood state of higher necessity.

In this article we aimed to highlight the immense contribution of ruler Alexandru Ioan Cuza to the modernization of the national defense system of the young Romanian state resulting from the Union of January 1859. The ruler unified the Armies of Moldova and Wallachia and then undertook a set of measures that led to the quantitative and qualitative increase of the Army and the other components of the defense system. Numerous normative acts of European inspiration were adopted, exchanges of experience were made in the line of training, equipment and the foundations of a modern military education were laid. In 1866, Romania had a modern, well trained and equipped Army.

The scientific paper is devoted to the problems of legal regulations of service in the USSR militia in the 20s of the 20th century. Legislative and by-laws adopted by the authorities of the Ukrainian SSR during the period under study were used. Some archival documents containing orders of the militia authorities regulating the service were introduced into scientific circulation. During the study period the distinct aspects of service in the Ukrainian SSR militia were identified. It was determined that in the 1920s, educational, political, and health criteria were established for Ukrainian SSR militia service candidates. The procedure for promotion and conditions of service career were established by the Rules of Service in the militia, which were approved by the NKVD of the USSR. The working hours and dismissal conditions of militia officers were regulated by departmental by-laws of the NKVD of the USSR and the collective agreement based on labor legislation. Attention was paid to the 1926 Regulation on the Militia, which stated the application of labor law standards to militia officers with specific exceptions outlined in the legislative act. It was determined that legal protection for militia officers during their duties was governed by the Criminal Codes of 1922 and 1927, along with the norms of the Administrative Code of 1927. The researcher believes that the 1926 Militia Regulation's provisions, which extended labor law norms to militia officers, are beneficial for updating the current legislation governing police service. It is suggested to consider the possibility of legal regulations of police service based on labor law norms with certain exceptions provided for in the legislation.

Currently, Ukraine is in the aspect for various directions of the regulations of the legal environment as a whole. Therefore, now in its history, it is expedient to find different directions of normative models for fighting corruption. Forming the normative-legal aspect of the historical period in Ukraine and the former USSR, it is extremely appropriate to allocate a number of fundamental, single-out directions. After all, the normative model of the fight against corruption is formed on the part of our state based on the behavior of individuals and the reproduction of deviations from the isolated legal aspect that they provide as a whole. This normative model is aimed at the era of „Stalinism”. Therefore, in order to overcome the fight against the formation of corruption in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, human rights in general are greatly violated, because the aspectual totalitarianism was formed incompatible with their emergence. There are also positive aspects to the expediency of the formation: it was formed to study the educational discipline in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine, an appropriate interaction between the isolated degree of human authority and the degree of aspectism in general. Inheritance of being brought to normative responsibility and bearing – implies for the persons who are closest to the top of the authorities in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine – the closer the entourage is to the top, the more it implies a very high risk of temptation. That is, the formation of the principle of implementation of the normative surface model responsibility: „top-down”, which is an extremely necessary means of implementing the social, legal and economic model of justice as a whole. Improving the educational environment in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine also expediently forms a model of fighting corruption in the economic direction – the realization of strong legal and economic responsibility of a person is necessary, according to the recommendations of the „leader”. For the necessary permissible time, such personalities formed the model party elites. This formed model forms the basis of directions during the times of Khrushchev and Brezhnev. It is also appropriate to recall two more specific features of the economic model created under the conditions of martial law in Ukraine: firstly, the formation of an individual in the permissible direction of his power requires a normative and legal argument, secondly, money in this model has only a secondary role or not have a conceptual aspect as a whole. Noting that the educational component in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine is a model of combating corruption, I ensure the impossibility of the desire to force people into power structures on the basis of personal considerations and irresponsibility; therefore, it contains the main arguments of public power and its resulting bribery of the individual as a whole. The educational component in the conditions of martial law in Ukraine forms a model of the fight against corruption, has complete impunity and the impossibility of argumentation in general. These arguments are formed in periods of rich revolutionary legal norms, when the newly created state did not receive the necessary management functions of leadership or deliberately creates only destructive trends in the economy. Normativity of the economy of the existence of this legal model is precisely the time of the administration of the Provisional Government, because reforms in education as a whole are expediently addressed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alauddin Law Development Journal is the property of Alauddin Law Development Journal (ALDEV) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article examines the place and role of information technologies in criminology based on current legislation. The subject of the study is the regularities related to the nature and features of electronic information, the formation of methods, means and techniques used in the course of detection, fixation (consolidation), research, verification (comparison), and evaluation (processing) of electronic forensically significant information at various stages of criminal judiciary. The purpose of the work is the formation of a scientifically based concept of the application of information technologies and the circulation of digital data in forensics, based on the patterns of the movement of electronic forensically significant information and its use as evidence. The methodological basis was the method of materialistic dialectics, a systematic approach to the study of information technologies of proof using a set of general scientific and private scientific methods of scientific knowledge: historical, logical, comparative, generalization and classification, analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction, comparative legal, formal legal and legal modeling. It is noted that when using electronic sources of evidentiary information, there is a qualitative change in the information processes taking place in criminal proceedings, and the share of such changes is more and more noticeable and increases every year. Accordingly, in criminology, it is objectively necessary to develop and improve the foundations of the use of information and communication technologies, which allow them to be scientifically and tactically correctly applied in the process of investigation and trial of criminal proceedings. It has been established that information technologies and the circulation of digital data eliminate the subjective nature of the perception of information when it is used to prove the circumstances of a crime. In the conditions of the dynamic development of information technologies, the transformation of electronic forensic information into evidence in the process of applying these technologies and the circulation of digital data is an actual scientific and conceptual direction in forensics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Professional Business Review (JPBReview) is the property of Open Access Publications LLC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article deals with the actions of the administrative proceeding authorities justified by a state of higher necessity. In Poland, the state of higher necessity does not constitute a title for the encroachment of public administration bodies on the rights and obligations of persons without a legal basis. In terms of its essence, the state of force majeure under the Administrative Procedure Code is not uniformly understood. It may be treated narrowly or broadly. However, regardless of its treatment, it conditions the application of special and very often inherently exceptional solutions. This includes issuing decisions with the application of special regulations in matters of peace, security and public order, and sometimes in situations dictated by an even differently understood state of higher necessity. This article deals with the actions of the administrative proceeding authorities justified by a state of higher necessity. In Poland, the state of higher necessity does not constitute a title for the encroachment of public administration bodies on the rights and obligations of persons without a legal basis. In terms of its essence, the state of force majeure under the Administrative Procedure Code is not uniformly understood. It may be treated narrowly or broadly. However, regardless of its treatment, it conditions the application of special and very often inherently exceptional solutions. This includes issuing decisions with the application of special regulations in matters of peace, security and public order, and sometimes in situations dictated by an even differently understood state of higher necessity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Businesses and companies in Malaysia have embraced the use of AI technologies as a catalyst for growth and innovation, and it is increasingly becoming a transformative force from enhancing personalised learning experiences in educational settings to facilitating predictive analytics in banking and finance, medicine and healthcare, and judicial systems. Nevertheless, inherent issues have emerged such as data privacy, potential bias, infrastructural readiness, job displacements and the lack of regulatory guidelines. While the Malaysian government is making a concerted effort to address these issues through initiatives such as the AI-Rmap, the proposed AI Act, and a code of ethics and governance, these are still in the nascent stages of development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the stages of creation and development of the party system and political parties in Japan, as well as various definitions of the party system, and assesses the directions of evolution of the Japanese political system. In addition, the genesis and activities of the Liberal Democratic Party were outlined, as well as the topic of transparency and legal regulations in the area of financing political activities in Japan. In order to present the evolution of Japan's political system, one must deal not only with legal regulations regarding the party, electoral and political system, but also with issues such as political culture, history and various conditions, i.e. everything that influenced the evolution of a given political system. countries. Party systems remain closely related to the political systems within which they operate, which results in the observable difficulty with which their comparative analyzes or broader and more general characteristics are created.

Copyright of Agricultural Outlook (1673-3908) is the property of Institute of Agricultural Information, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Multi-criteria decision-making is prevalent across various life domains, marked by significant complexity in identifying viable solutions. This challenge becomes more pronounced in the context of individual rights, particularly for persons with disabilities. In Ecuador, despite the state's inclusive policies for this group, discrimination issues persist, even though they are part of the priority attention grou This study evaluates the effectiveness of legal regulations for people with disabilities using multi-criteria evaluation techniques. The TODIM and PROMETHEE methods were utilized, along with single-value neutrosophic sets based on neutrosophic logic, to appropriately handle indeterminate and inconsistent information typical of real-world scenarios. This approach demonstrates the efficacy of these techniques in solving complex real-life problems across various social sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Modern Science is the property of Alcide De Gasperi University of Euroregional Economy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ankara University SBF Journal / Ankara Üniversitesi SBF Dergisi is the property of Ankara University SBF Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Management & Quality / Zarządzanie i Jakość is the property of Scientific Society of Organization & Management / Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierownictwa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) technology has brought great changes to the lives of mankind. The emergence of AI as part of the rapid evolution of digital technology has led to major changes in the world's lives. This research examines the impact of AI digitalization on Indonesia's workforce and the role of regulation in mitigating negative impacts. It emphasizes the need for holistic evaluation of labor law and modernization of professional job training programs. The research results show that the use of AI in Indonesia is increasing in various sectors, including the employment sector. Moreover, data privacy protection is still inadequate to ensure data protection and privacy of AI technology users. Therefore, it is necessary to update and add regulations that regulate comprehensively, covering data protection, algorithm transparency, occupational safety and health, elimination and specific retraining related to AI, and labor rights relevant to technological developments. It is also necessary to implement new regulations that provide legal protection for the application of AI can minimize the occurrence of cybercrimes on customer data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most important supporters of sustainable growth for economies are companies in various fields of activity. On the other hand, environmental pollution is a common problem brought about by economic growth in all countries. For this reason, it is necessary to determine the environmental sensitivity of companies seen as the engine of growth. This study aims to examine the effects of major economic sectors on environmental pollution with the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in Turkey during the period 1985–2017. Another aim of the study is to examine the legal responsibilities of companies in the context of environmental pollution. The study investigated the empirical relationship between variables with the help of Fourier unit root and cointegration tests that allow smooth structural breaks. The results show that the EKC hypothesis is valid only for construction companies. Moreover, construction companies have a negative impact on environmental quality. As a result of the study, various legal regulations were proposed for all companies examined, especially construction companies, to prevent environmental pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the article is to assess the level of sustainable development in individual countries in one of the regions of the Earth. The object of the study is the development in the Middle East and the e-commerce system. At the same time, the scientific task will be to form a system for an integral assessment of information and e-commerce in these countries in order to understand which countries are ready for the era of Industry 5.0 and which are not. We have determined that sustainable development is a long-term phenomenon in which countries must be prepared both from a technological and legal point of view for the new era of Industry 5.0. The research methodology involves the use of an integral assessment method to determine the level of sustainable development in the countries of the Middle East, and a standardization method to normalize selected indicators. As a result of the study, a methodological approach to assessing the level of sustainable development based on performance indicators of commercial activities in the region was presented. We selected several countries in the Middle East and determined their level of sustainable development based on indicators of commercial activity in the regions in order to understand which are ready for the era of Industry 5.0 and which are not. The study has a limitation by not taking into account all countries in the selected region of the Earth. Prospects for further research will be aimed at expanding the system for assessing the level of sustainable development for a larger number of countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legislation in Indonesia has provided a lot of legal protection for beautycian doctors in the form of legal protection for the rights of beautycian doctors starting from the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, the Civil Code, the Criminal Code, the -Consumer Protection Law, Medical Practice Law, Health Law, Hospital Law, Health Personnel Law, and supported in Minister of Health Regulation Number 269/Menkes/Per/III/2008 concerning Medical Records, Regulations Minister of Health Number 290/Menkes/Per/III/2008 concerning Approval of Medical Actions, Minister of Health Regulation No. 36 of 2012 concerning Medical Secrets, Supreme Court Regulation no. 1 of 2016 concerning Mediation Procedures in Court. The role of the Indonesian Doctors Association in supporting the beautycian doctor profession in resolving legal disputes is as a mediator in selecting expert witnesses. The Indonesian Doctors Association will help its members who are deemed guilty if according to the Indonesian Doctors Association the doctor has carried out procedures in accordance with their professional duties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Innovative technologies that use artificial intelligence in transport solutions recently emerging around the world include, among others issues of autonomous vehicle driving. The use of autonomous vehicle technology affects the issues of civil liability (liability and insurance), road safety, natural environment (energy efficiency, renewable energy sources), data (access, exchange, protection, privacy), IT infrastructure (effective and reliable communication), employment (creation and loss of jobs, training of truck drivers in the use of automated vehicles). The development of new technologies related to artificial intelligence, including autonomous vehicles, generates inevitable changes in law, economy and society. It is inevitable due to the fact that autonomy is undoubtedly a means to achieve the goal of improving the efficiency sought in every area of life. The article presents arguments confirming the thesis that the basic factor inhibiting the implementation of autonomous vehicle technology is the problem of artificial intelligence, including its definition and legal regulation.

The profession of psycho-oncologist in Poland is not sufficiently regulated by law. The issue is further complicated by the fact that this profession has not been classified by the legislature in the group of medical professions, but only in the group of allied health professions. Currently, according to the Regulation of the Minister of Health on guaranteed services in the field of hospital treatment, a psycho-oncologist is a person with higher medical education, i.e. a graduate of a medical university, for example a doctor or a nurse, who has fulfilled the additional condition of completing postgraduate studies in psycho-oncology. It is thus clear that the legal definition of the profession of a psycho-oncologist remaining in force is inconsistent with the regulation of this profession in force since 2018, resulting from the announcement of the same minister in the Polish Qualifications Framework (PQF -- Polska Rama Kwali- fikacji, abbrev. PRK). This is because the PQF limits the group of persons who may obtain a qualification in the area of psycho-oncological diagnosis and treatment to psychologists and psychiatrists only, thus limiting the group of persons authorised to practise the profession of a psycho-oncologist. An additional legal problem results from significant differences in the nature of the professions of a medical doctor and psychologist, due to the fact that the Act on the Profession of a Psychologist does not apply in practice, despite remaining in force formally. Thus, a psychologist who practises the profession of a psycho-oncologist, might additionally be a subject to the lack of legal regulation of their "foundation profession", for example due to the fact that it is impossible for a psychologist to obtain a licence to practise their profession, as there is no body to grant them such a licence. Finally, it should not be overlooked that, in addition to the two contradictory regulations of the profession of a psycho-oncologist mentioned above (Regulation of the Minister of Health and the PQF), there also exists a third path to obtain the so-called psycho-oncologist certificate, awarded by the Polish Psycho-oncology Society (Polskie Towarzystwo Psychoonkologiczne -- PTPO). At present, persons certified via this path, who include, apart from psychologists and doctors, also representatives of other professions, such as nurses or clergy employed in hospices, will in the majority of cases not be able to formally practise the profession, because the legislature has not provided for the recognition of certificates issued by the PTPO as equivalent to obtaining a psycho-oncological qualification in the context of the above-mentioned regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the article is to compare the regulations on sexual harassment of the main public universities of Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica and Panama, in order to establish their scope in three central lines: a) existence of a specific regulation on this type of violence, b) conceptualization of sexual harassment and, c) evaluation of the established mechanisms in relation to the model or vision of the prevailing legal approach regarding the rights of victims, the statute of limitations for this crime and finally, the conditions for the elevation and ratification of the complaints submitted. The methodological approach is qualitative, and the research is documentary based on primary sources related to the standards and protocols promulgated in HEIs and secondary sources. The research is limited to the period 1996-2020. It is concluded that the existing regulations respond to a guaranteed model of disciplinary procedures that does not consider the variable sex or the asymmetry of the relationships between the parties involved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-tourism has become a key component in the tourism industry and allows travelers to easily access information about destinations and services via the Internet, facilitating their travel planning process. Through e-tourism, travelers can research destinations, plan trips, book accommodations, purchase transportation tickets, and explore tourist attractions through online resources. Also, this area helps tourism businesses to effectively promote their services, communicate with clients and manage reservations. E-tourism represents the integration of information and communication technologies in the tourism sector. This concept encompasses the application of digital technologies such as the Internet, mobile applications, online reservation systems, web platforms and social media to improve aspects of travel and tourism. The legal foundation of educational procedures utilizing artificial intelligence algorithms in e-tourism holds significant importance because of the multitude of potential legal complexities and obstacles that could emerge. The Republic of Serbia, like many other countries, is working on improving its regulations in order to enable the development of e-tourism and at the same time ensure the protection of the interests and safety of travelers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the current environment, financial sustainability remains one of the most important long-term goals for any country. That is why finding opportunities to achieve it remains relevant. The purpose of this study was to provide recommendations for regulating banks with foreign capital in Ukraine based on data from the European Union countries. The main scientific methods were analysis, descriptive, comparison, and special legal research methods. As part of the study, it was shown that the countries of the European Union are actively taking actions to improve the financial stability of the banking sector. For this purpose, separate directives were formed, such as the Capital Requirements Directive, Capital Requirements Regulation, and the Basel III standards. In addition, some other directives were considered that affect the specifics of taxation in the region, the principles of reporting, the level of reliability of banks, and the transparency of accounting. It was shown that the banking sector of the European Union still faces problems, in particular, low profitability and problems in cooperation between banks and government agencies. The paper also provided separate recommendations for Ukraine, aimed primarily at bringing its banking legislation in line with international standards. However, it is important to understand that adaptation should also consider the specific features of the Ukrainian situation and correspond to local characteristics. The conclusions drawn in the framework of the study can be used to form a long-term state policy in the field of financial sector management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studia Iuridica Lublinensia is the property of Maria Curie-Sklodowska University in Lublin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The remains of ancient mining activities represent a significant part of Serbia's archaeological sites in the mountain landscapes, which are not yet officially treated as cultural heritage. This type of assets poses a significant challenge for cultural heritage protection services, as it requires cooperation between experts for the protection of natural and cultural values and other stakeholders, which is not yet established. In addition, the concept of mining landscapes is not recognized in current legislation, which further complicates the legal protection of the remains of ancient mines, which are recognized by scholars as an essential segment in the interpretation of historical processes of significance, such as Roman imperialism in the Balkans. Against this background, the paper presents the decades of archaeological research at Kopaonik, which has led, among other aspects, to an attempt to establish a uniform practice of treating ancient mines, together with settlements and associated infrastructure, as an integral part of the mountain landscape, despite the absence of any legal regulation. The study examines the challenges associated with the formal-legal preservation of sites with historic mining, taking into account the possibility of permanent destruction. Finally, an outlook is given on the future of the protection of (pre)historic mines in Serbia as an important element of the country's geocultural resources.

Tourism has become a mass industry that attracts over a billion people worldwide annually. With the increasing application of artificial intelligence, technology is accelerating changes in tourism, enhancing customer service, operational efficiency, and supporting sustainable practices. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to provide an overview of the impact of Generative Artificial Intelligence (GAI) on the hospitality and tourism industry. Through the analysis of various aspects of GAI application in this sector, the paper explores potential benefits and challenges that this technology brings for companies, stakeholders, and users. Additionally, the paper addresses legal and ethical aspects of GAI usage, particularly concerning data protection, privacy, and compliance with relevant laws and regulations. A special focus is on the REFLECT model, which offers a holistic approach to the use of artificial intelligence, enabling companies to better understand and manage the implementation of this technology.

The manuscript is devoted to European educational policy through the prism of legal regulations as their influence is very significant for the development of the educational system especially at the tertiary level. The purpose is to study peculiarities of the shaping and development of European educational policies within the realm of higher education, where legal and pedagogical sciences intersect. The tasks are: to find out what place educational sector takes in Europe and why; to reveal the most significant legal documents in the sphere of education and follow the path of development of European policy development in the higher education domain by drawing insights from these documents; to determine the value of legal documents in the sphere of education for the development of European educational policy, based on their essence. The research methods used are analysis and syntheses of European legal documents related to the higher education field aimed at collecting the materials for researching the problem both from a legal and pedagogical position and for drawing the conclusion. The results revealed that the beginning of the European countries’ cooperation in educational sphere (1970s) led to the development of a common educational strategy. Enhanced collaboration in higher education across various tiers evolved significantly following the recognition of the pivotal role played by skilled human resources in driving economic and social progress, a realization that first emerged in 1985. This recognition led to the endorsement of several significant agreements, including the Single European Act in 1987, the Magna Charta Universitatum in 1988, and the Memorandum of Higher Education in the European Community in 1991. The most important EU Treaties concerned the educational sector as well that led to the signing the Bologna Declaration, the establishment of the European Higher Education Area, and the regular meetings of the European Ministers of Education. Education has become the basis for shaping European community and the core for economic stability. The conclusion is that European statesmen consider the educational sector to be the key one because it is the basis of economic, social and human development; the EU Higher Educational Policy has gone from the auxiliary industry in the context of shaping the internal market (1950s) to one of the priority sectors that is developing in response to the demands of society.

Market abuse encompasses trading based on insider information and market manipulation. Such unfair market activities can endanger the entire market and, in their most intense and most pronounced form, seriously disrupt market dynamics, conferring undue advantages to certain participants, thus undermining principles of fair competition. Therefore, when defining legal regulations in the field of market abuse prohibition in a country, understanding the morphology of the market is crucial. It is important to consider both positive and negative consequences for the country’s market economy, if the goal is to form a transparent, integrated and efficient market, which would be attractive to investors based on such characteristics and thereby contribute to the economic growth and development of the country. The Republic of Serbia still lacks sufficiently developed mechanisms and appropriate legal solutions necessary for the functioning of a market economy, but its advantage lies in the model, experience, and judicial practice of developed markets within the member states of the European Union.

A number of countries and states prohibit surrogacy except in cases of "medical necessity" or for those with specific medical conditions. Healthcare providers in some countries have similar policies restricting the provision of clinical assistance in surrogacy. This paper argues that surrogacy is never medically necessary in any ordinary understanding of this term. The author aims to show first that surrogacy per se is a socio-legal intervention and not a medical one and, second, that the intervention in question does not treat, prevent, or mitigate any actual or potential harm to health. Legal regulations and healthcare-provider policies of this kind therefore codify a fiction—one which both obscures the socio-legal motivations for surrogacy and inhibits critical examination of those motivations while mobilizing normative connotations of appeals to medical need. The persisting distinction, in law and in moral discourse, between "social" and "medical" surrogacy, is unjustified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subject of the analysis is an attempt to find legal space for selected innovative activities for the benefit of the elderly. In addition to generally applicable legal regulations, attention was drawn to the fact that government programs are being introduced that bring interesting solutions for the elderly. The disadvantage of them, however, is that not all elderly people can use them. The article presents the ideas of social service centers, as well as selected social services: respite care, neighborhood services, personal assistance and telecare, which creates a chance for a safer and higher quality of life for the elderly. The purpose of the article is a legal analysis regarding activities for the elderly in the field of, among others, social services. The subject of the study is to find an answer to the question whether the current legal space is sufficient to implement innovative tasks or not. Legal changes regarding the evolution of the social assistance structure result in the availability of social services for clients. The emergence of new statutory solutions is exceptionally relevant and responds to the needs of an aging society. The answer to legal needs is the amendment to the Act of 12 March 2004 on social assistance. It remains to be seen whether it is sufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The purpose of this article is to present changes in the legal system in Poland regarding work-life balance and to confront them with the expectations of public sector employees in this area. Research Design & Methods: The study is based on the analysis of literature, normative acts, and the results of nationwide surveys conducted in 2021 in Poland based on sample of 3,114 public sector employees. Findings: Research shows that remote work, the ability to choose working hours, and informal working time arrangements are solutions that would significantly help public sector employees reconcile work and private life. Implications/Recommendations: The analysis of legal acts shows changes in the approach to the WLB concept over the last decade in Poland and the development of solutions facilitating the reconciliation of professional and personal life. These changes are expected by employees. Difficulties related to the implementation of WLB tools in public organisations are identified resulting from their specific structure, procedures, and budget constraints. Contribution/Value Added: The article is a source of knowledge for theoreticians, practitioners, employers, and public authorities. The presented results can be used when making decisions aimed at optimising the working conditions of public sector employees and adapting them to changing social needs and legal requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery / Ulusal Travma ve Acil Cerrahi Dergisi is the property of KARE Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Innovative technologies that use artificial intelligence in transport solutions recently emerging around the world include, among others issues of autonomous vehicle driving. The use of autonomous vehicle technology affects the issues of civil liability (liability and insurance), road safety, natural environment (energy efficiency, renewable energy sources), data (access, exchange, protection, privacy), IT infrastructure (effective and reliable communication), employment (creation and loss of jobs, training of truck drivers in the use of automated vehicles). The development of new technologies related to artificial intelligence, including autonomous vehicles, generates inevitable changes in law, economy and society. It is inevitable due to the fact that autonomy is undoubtedly a means to achieve the goal of improving the efficiency sought in every area of life. The article presents arguments confirming the thesis that the basic factor inhibiting the implementation of autonomous vehicle technology is the problem of artificial intelligence, including its definition and legal regulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of The Mineral & Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences / Zeszyty Naukowe Instytutu Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi Polskiej Akademii Nauk is the property of Mineral & Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Zywnosc is the property of Polish Society of Food Technologists - Scientific Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of General Medicine & Health Sciences / Medycyna Ogólna i Nauki o Zdrowiu is the property of Witold Chodzki Institute of Rural Medicine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dietary supplements can provide the necessary nutrients for groups of people who need them, but their use comes with a few risks, such as excessive or unwarranted utilization, side effects, unwanted interactions, and the promotion of unhealthy behaviors or neglecting professional health care. This cross-sectional study analyzed 49 TV advertisements on three major news channels in Romania regarding their compliance with European and national laws concerning the advertisement of dietary supplements. A list of criteria was extracted from the current laws in Romania and was used to check the video promotional materials' compliance systematically. Despite more than half of the commercials complying with the technical criteria, it was found that a concerning amount of advertisements targeted people with various or specific pathologies, while a third of the ads included non-compliant words or representations associated with pathologies and medical professionals or institutions. As a practical implication, the study suggests a need for more consistent and closer surveillance of dietary supplement commercials broadcasted in the Romanian media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]