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The current study assesses the impact of the movement that followed George Floyd’s murder on early adolescent attitudes toward the police (ATP). Using a repeated cross-sectional design, we examine ATP among a Midwestern sample of 5th and 6th grade students before (fall 2018 and fall 2019) and after (fall 2020) Floyd’s murder. Descriptive results reveal that the distributions of ATP were identical during fall 2018 and fall 2019 survey years but shifted during the fall 2020 survey year. Results from mixed effects linear regression models indicate that Black and White girls experienced the largest declines in ATP from fall 2019 to fall 2020. Boys, particularly White boys, were less impacted. While Black boys’ average attitudes did not change in the post-Floyd era, overall, their attitudes were significantly lower than other groups. The findings highlight the need for ongoing measurement of early adolescent perceptions of law enforcement during the post-Floyd era and the current legitimacy crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the importance of meaningful youth participation in Juvenile Court proceedings, highlighting the developmental differences between adolescents and adults that impact their culpability for crimes. It describes a pilot project in Milwaukee that aimed to enhance youth engagement in court by changing the physical setup and dynamics of the hearings. The findings suggest that the pilot process led to more meaningful interactions between youth and judges, as well as positive changes in the attitudes and behaviors of all team members involved. Further research is recommended to explore the long-term effects of this model, especially in countries where youth participation in judicial proceedings is considered a right. [Extracted from the article]

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the formation of legal awareness of students of higher education institutions in the context of the challenges and realities of the military present, which is an important task for the full development of civil society and the rule of law. It is emphasized that institutions of higher education, within the educational space, need to pay attention to the formation and development of valuable legal attitudes of students, legal culture and legal awareness. It is necessary to form a personality with legitimate beliefs, respect for the law, national symbols, human dignity and human rights and freedoms on the basis of a defined national policy, in particular, in the educational space and directly in institutions of higher education. It was found that the awareness of the peculiarities of behavior, permissible or not permissible self-realization in society and perception of the rules and norms of social interaction between people in the state depends on the internal beliefs and legal awareness of the person. It is emphasized that students of higher education institutions acquire certain professional competencies during their studies, and also continue the process of their own socialization. This process directly depends on the environment in which a person is formed, what values he develops under the influence of the environment. It is noted that it is advisable to create legal advisory centers in institutions of higher education, which, in addition to free legal assistance, will provide consultations and explain to students the norms of current legislation, introduce them to the peculiarities of legal systems, and encourage students to understand the role and importance of law for society. Attention is focused on the fact that value attitudes and orientations formed at a young age will become the basis for the lawful behavior of a person and will allow to realize the value of the rights, freedoms of a person and a citizen, human dignity and a person, in general. This will be a guarantee that such a person in the future will be able to form a democratic society and a legal state based on general civilizational norms and principles of human coexistence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Referring mainly to theories of transformation engineering, this article focuses on an experimental vocational training system bringing together special education teachers in initial training, under apprenticeship contracts and in employment. It uses the issue of the construction of emerging professionalism to analyze the formation of legal skills among educators. This contribution offers a broader vision of the conditions that make this learning possible, pointing to their effects on the feeling of personal effectiveness. The analysis of the traces collected makes it possible to highlight the role of the relational circles around the learner in a professional situation. These results are discussed in the light of work on legal socialization and aim to identify the skills forming a "legal professionalism" specific to the educator, and for which training modalities are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractLegal cynicism refers to a general contempt of people toward the law and legal authorities. Gifford and Reisig proposed a scale to measure the construct and provided evidence for its multidimensional nature. As an extension of the research on this scale, this study provides answers to two questions relevant for applied empirical research. Should empirical studies of legal cynicism treat its subdimensions as distinct yet interrelated constructs with separate scale scores, or is it adequate to consider the scale unidimensional and use an overall scale score? Are the measurement properties of legal cynicism invariant across socio-demographic characteristics relevant to criminological research? Analyses of data from two German studies (sample 1, n = 342, 54.4% male, mean age 32.7; sample 2, n = 334, 49.40% male, mean age 46.07) revealed that the scale is not sufficiently unidimensional and that the measurement properties are invariant across age, gender, and educational status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document summarizes an article titled "Decolonizing power inequalities from a human rights and psychological perspective" published in the International Journal of Psychology. The article explores the lasting effects of colonization and enslavement on societies today, including their impact on social relationships, attitudes, and transgenerational trauma. It raises the question of whether contemporary psychology is equipped to address and rectify the consequences of past power imbalances or if it perpetuates the status quo. The article also examines various initiatives in Europe, Brazil, Canada, and Puerto Rico that aim to deconstruct and repair the effects of colonialism in psychology and society. Additionally, the document discusses a study that investigates the experiences of discrimination and microaggressions among college students with disabilities. The research involved in-depth interviews with 80 students with different disabilities, revealing instances of overt discrimination and microaggressions. The study provides recommendations for higher education teachers and administrative units to better support students with disabilities. [Extracted from the article]

This study examines the method of istinbath al-ahkam (deriving legal rulings) employed by scholars and leaders of the Salafi-Wahabi manhaj in issuing fatwas in North Sumatra and its impact on social interaction and harmony among different religious communities. The research adopts a combined approach, encompassing a doctrinal perspective on istinbath al-ahkam and a non-doctrinal view on legal socialization issues. Through literature review, interviews, and observations, data is gathered from the fatwas of Salafi-Wahabi scholars such as Sheikh Muhammad Nasiruddin Albani, Abdullah bin Baz, and Muhammad Shalih Fauzan. The findings indicate that the istibath al-ahkam method applied by Salafi-Wahabi adheres to the principles of the Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah, though leaning towards the Hanbali school of thought. In legal socialization, Salafi-Wahabi initiates it from the smallest social units to educational institutions and media, with a focus on study circles (halaqah). This legal socialization enhances legal awareness among the people of North Sumatra but also brings the potential for conflict and disharmony. Certain teachings within the Salafi-Wahabi manhaj, such as tabdi’, tadlil, tahzir, takfiri, and the restriction of learning exclusively from Salafi-Wahabi scholars, have the potential to create tension among groups and religious communities. While not all members of the Salafi-Wahabi manhaj share identical views, a majority tends to embrace these controversial concepts. Therefore, extremist ideologies emerging within the Salafi-Wahabi jihadist faction pose a potential threat to national political stability. Penelitian ini mengkaji metode istibath al-ahkam yang digunakan oleh para ulama dan pemimpin manhaj Salafi-Wahabi dalam mengeluarkan fatwa di Sumatera Utara dan dampaknya terhadap interaksi sosial dan kerukunan di antara berbagai komunitas agama yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan gabungan, yang mencakup perspektif doktrinal tentang istibath al-ahkam dan pandangan non-doktrinal tentang isu-isu sosialisasi hukum. Melalui studi literatur, wawancara, dan observasi, data dikumpulkan dari fatwa-fatwa ulama Salafi-Wahabi seperti Syekh Muhammad Nasiruddin Albani, Abdullah bin Baz, dan Muhammad Shalih Fauzan. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode istibath al-ahkam yang diterapkan oleh Salafi-Wahabi menganut prinsip-prinsip Ahlu Sunnah wal Jamaah, meskipun lebih condong ke mazhab Hanbali. Dalam sosialisasi hukum, Salafi-Wahabi memulainya dari unit sosial terkecil hingga lembaga pendidikan dan media, dengan fokus pada kelompok-kelompok pengajian (halaqah). Sosialisasi hukum ini meningkatkan kesadaran hukum di kalangan masyarakat Sumatera Utara, namun juga membawa potensi konflik dan ketidakharmonisan. Ajaran-ajaran tertentu dalam manhaj Salafi-Wahabi, seperti tabdi', tadlil, tahzir, takfiri, dan pembatasan belajar secara eksklusif dari ulama Salafi-Wahabi, memiliki potensi untuk menciptakan ketegangan di antara kelompok-kelompok dan komunitas-komunitas keagamaan. Meskipun tidak semua anggota manhaj Salafi-Wahabi memiliki pandangan yang sama, mayoritas cenderung menganut konsep-konsep kontroversial ini. Oleh karena itu, ideologi ekstremis yang muncul di dalam faksi jihadis Salafi-Wahabi menimbulkan ancaman potensial terhadap stabilitas politik nasional.

Past research has offered an important starting point for understanding the legal socialization process, known as one’s ever changing orientation about the legal system. However, little is known about the extent to which family members influence adolescents’ legal socialization. Using the year 15 (wave 6) survey data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing study dataset (N = 2,749), the current paper explores the association between parental and sibling police contact and legal cynicism as one dimension in the legal socialization process. This study examines how the family experience of a police stop may be an overlooked mechanism in the transmission of perceptions about the law. Results suggest that teens’ own experiences are important, and sibling police contact strengthens this effect, warranting further exploration of family in legal socialization research. We highlight the potential role of police contact as a symbiotic harm – one that flows between familial relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Legal socialization is the process by which individuals develop values, attitudes, and behaviors related to the law and legal authorities. Legal socialization also includes beliefs about procedural justice, police legitimacy, and legal cynicism. To date, few studies have examined the legal socialization processes of transgender women, a worrisome omission given high rates of police contact, arrest, harassment, and violence among transgender women, particularly transgender women of color. This study examines transgender women's experiences with and perceptions about the police, including experiences of procedural injustice and how they impact police legitimacy and cynicism, among a racially diverse sample of transgender women living in Chicago. Participants described undergoing a secondary legal socialization process after beginning to transition. The study also documented strategies transgender women use to prevent police contact and arrest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parental monitoring behaviors are negatively associated with adolescent substance use. Yet, the processes explaining these associations are still unclear. The current study examined adolescents' knowledge of minimum legal drinking age laws and their perceived acceptability of underage drinking as potential mediators of the links between parental monitoring behaviors and youth alcohol use. The sample included 1154 Belgian adolescents (Mage = 16.34, SD = 1.33; 71% girls), who were recruited in Wallonia (54.9%) and in Flanders (45.1%). Path analyses revealed that higher parental rule setting, but not solicitation, was related to lower alcohol use. Acceptability of underage drinking mediated this link, but not knowledge of the laws. Results suggest that beyond laws regulating the minimum legal drinking age, alcohol use prevention programs should consider the importance of parental rule setting and youth's perceived acceptability of underage drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People are most likely to come into contact with the police for the first time as teenagers. Numerous studies have shown that these contacts impact adolescents' attitudes towards the police. The Group Engagement Model (GEM) proposes that contact with the police matters because our perception of this interaction conveys information about our place in the group. However, few researchers have sought to discern the role played by the type of contact. Three hundred one youths completed an online survey. The current article explores the relationship between the presence of different types of contact with the police (i.e., asking for information, being a witness, victim, or offender) and attitudes towards law enforcement. We also test whether satisfaction with contact is linked to attitudes. We examine whether these relationships are mediated by sense of belonging to society. The results suggest that only presence of police contact as offender and satisfaction with police contact to request information and for witnessing a crime are linked to attitudes towards the police. Sense of belonging to society partially mediated some links, but not satisfaction of contact for reporting victimization or for offending. The study which follows highlights the importance of distinguishing between the types of contact that youth have had with the police. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current research has increasingly focused on the preventive role of individual legal socialization in crime. The socialization of legal emotions is an important part of legal socialization. Building upon existing literature, this study, conducted through two sub-studies, investigated the influencing factors of legal emotions in N mainland Chinese university students and the mechanisms through which legal emotions impact aggressive behavior. In study 1, the results indicated that mother-child attachment, innovation spirit, and positive emotional expression positively predicted positive legal emotion, while mother-child attachment, dependency dimension in adult attachment, and positive emotional expression negatively predicted negative legal emotions. The anxiety dimension in adult attachment and negative emotional expression positively predicted negative legal emotions. In study 2, Positive legal emotion among university students could directly negatively predict aggressive behavior or exert influence through social alienation. Negative legal emotions could not only directly positively predict aggressive behavior but also partly affect it through social alienation. In summary, our study not only identified factors that influence legal emotions, but also found that legal emotions have an impact on aggressive behavior directly or indirectly through social alienation. Our research findings have significant implications for cultivating positive legal emotion in university students and curbing aggressive behavior. This can be achieved by promoting the legal socialization of university students and ultimately contributing to crime prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Teles' book, "The Rise of the Conservative Legal Movement," delves into the origins of judicial opposition to the regulatory state, tracing it back to responses to New Deal policies. The conservative legal movement emerged to challenge legal liberalism by focusing on legal education and establishing influential organizations like the Federalist Society. Over the past fifty years, this movement has shaped the judiciary's approach to regulatory governance, emphasizing market-based solutions and resisting regulatory constraints. The text suggests potential reforms to address this resistance, such as empowering agencies, legislative actions, and promoting a more progressive judiciary through critical legal education and movements like Law and Political Economy. [Extracted from the article]

The development of sociotechnical codes by the legal system acts as a marker of good citizens and development of self where social norms matter. In most cases, despite cultural differences, socialization plays an important role in making sense of law. The question is, 'how does law come to mind and what is the role of brain? This question will be dealt keeping the debate on brain determinism and free will critically at the forefront. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives : Judgments about police procedural fairness consistently have a stronger influence on how the public ascribes legitimacy to the police than evaluations of police effectiveness. What remains largely underexplored, however, is the potential moderating effect of procedural justice on the relationship between effectiveness and legitimacy and whether this moderation varies by citizen race. Method: We administered two separate surveys to determine whether procedural justice's moderating effect on the relationship between police ineffectiveness and legitimacy varies by citizen race. The first was a mail survey of a random sample of citizens in a southern US city (N = 1,681) conducted in 2013; the second, a national survey of adults (N = 972) administered via Qualtrics in 2022. Results: We found that procedural justice could help protect against the harmful influence of perceived ineffectiveness on police legitimacy in Study 2. However, contrary to expectations, this moderation effect held only for White Americans. Conclusions: The effect of perceived ineffectiveness on legitimacy evaluations does not vary depending on citizens' perceptions of procedural justice. Yet, police still do have control over how they treat people with whom they interact, which is one mechanism that can improve citizens' views on police legitimacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: the article presents results of the empirical study conducted in the period from October 2021 to February 2022 with the participation of 167 minors aged 14 to 17 years who committed offenses and (or) crimes. Purpose: to identify personal characteristics of juvenile offenders underlying the formation of defects in legal socialization (legal negativism, legal infantilism, legal nihilism, conscious criminal behavior) for further construction of adapted (depending on the form of defectiveness) psycho-correction programs aimed at preventing recommission of crimes. Methods: to solve the tasks, the appropriate methodological tools are selected: Rogers-Diamond Methodology for Diagnosing Socio-Psychological Adaptation, High School Personality Questionnaire by R. Cattell, the Strategic Approach to Coping Scale (SACS) (as adapted by N.V. Vodop’yanova and E.A. Starchenkova), questionnaire “Diagnostics of Value Orientations of Adolescents” by V.F. Sopova and L.V. Karpushina, methodology “Attitude to Law” by S.P. Beznosov. Statistical processing of the empirical study results was carried out using Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The obtained results were subjected to primary, frequency, and correlation analysis. Results: it is established that legal socialization of a person is understood as person’s acquirement of lawful ways of behavior, formation of a sense of legal and social responsibility, and solidarity with the norms of law, provided by the transfer of values protected by society and law into the value-normative system of the individual. The highest level of legal socialization is the law-abiding behavior of a person as a result of a stable moral need to follow norms of law. Forms of defectiveness of legal socialization are models of attitude to norms of law, expressed in legal negativism, legal infantilism, legal nihilism, and conscious criminal behavior. Personal characteristics contributing to the formation of defects in legal socialization of minors are revealed. Conclusions: defects of legal socialization in the form of legal skepticism, cynicism, nihilism and infantilism are established in the sphere of legal awareness of juvenile offenders. At the same time, juvenile offenders who reject law are emotionally unstable, communicatively closed, externalized and maladapted. While juvenile offenders with an infantile attitude to law are communicatively open, adapted to the environment, and differ in conformity and accountability.

Individuals enter police encounters with expectations about how these interactions will unfold. These expectations are often rooted in racialized personal, vicarious, and collective experiences with the police. Bayesian updating posits that the way youth perceive treatment by the police during stops and arrests combines with prior expectations and perceptions to shape current views of the law, whereas subtyping suggests this process differs by race. This study examines intra‐ and interracial variability in these processes using longitudinal survey data from 3,085 Black and White youth. Regardless of race, youth who indicate they were treated with disrespect during police encounters had lower perceptions of procedural justice than did those with no contact, whereas contact perceived as respectful had no significant effects. For White but not Black youth, police encounters rated as "neutral" are associated with more negative views of the police. Other forms of legal socialization are also racialized, including messages conveyed in the media and by parents. Limited evidence exists that prior views of the police moderate the effect of police encounters on procedural justice or that these conditioning effects vary by race. Findings support updating, but race differences do not neatly align with findings expected with updating or subtyping theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study, using a sample of youth offenders from the Pathways to Desistance Study (N = 1354), examines Greenberger and Sorensen's model of "psychosocial maturity" as a predictor of legal socialization (legal cynicism and legitimacy) across the adolescent developmental course, as well as the differential importance of this relationship by age. Psychosocial maturity significantly predicted lower levels of legal cynicism, but also lower levels of legitimacy, from ages 14–25. Yet, when considering the salience of these relationships by age, results suggest that the relationship between psychosocial maturity and legitimacy may show little variation as adolescent offenders age, but that the salience of psychosocial maturity on explaining patterns of legal cynicism declines with age during development into emerging adulthood. This work's potential implications for promising interventions that foster psychosocial maturity in early adolescence to reduce legal cynicism of youth who have offended or are at high-risk of offending are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The education sector plays a pivotal role in fostering responsible citizens, and within this realm, legal socialization is an essential component. This research paper delves into the intricate landscape of legal socialization, specifically focusing on the development and implementation of a robust pedagogical model tailored for future teachers. The paper aims to present a comprehensive framework that encompasses various strategies, methodologies, and tools to effectively instill legal awareness, knowledge, and values in aspiring educators. The proposed pedagogical model integrates legal modules seamlessly into teacher training curricula, emphasizing experiential learning, collaborative approaches, and interdisciplinary connections. It aligns with the modern demands of education, fostering critical thinking, ethical decision-making, and responsible citizenship. The model also emphasizes the engagement of legal professionals in the educational process, offering valuable insights into legal practice and real-world applications. Key elements of this pedagogical model include legal case studies, moot courts, and interactive technologydriven simulations. These tools engage future teachers actively, allowing them to apply legal principles and understand the practical implications of the law. Collaborative learning methods encourage discussion and critical analysis of legal issues, fostering a deeper understanding of the legal system. This research underscores the importance of a well-defined pedagogical model for legal socialization, ensuring that future teachers possess a sound understanding of legal principles and can effectively impart this knowledge to their students. By integrating legal socialization within teacher education programs, societies can cultivate responsible citizens equipped to navigate the legal complexities of our world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study it is examined if the impact of vicarious and personal perceptions of procedural justice on legal cynicism, legitimacy, and offending across time is invariant across race/ethnicity. Using longitudinal data from a sample of serious juvenile offenders from the Pathways to Desistance, the within- and between-individual associations of procedural justice, legal orientations, and offending were tested. Race/ethnic-specific models were estimated to examine differences across race/ethnicity. Positive personal and vicarious experiences with police had positive effects on legal orientations (i.e., legitimacy and cynicism), while vicarious experiences were more influential on offending compared to personal experiences. These effects were consistent across race/ethnicity. Both changes in legitimacy (positive) and cynicism (negative) were important for understanding changes in offending; however, the effect of cynicism was more consistent across race/ethnicity. The findings suggest that procedurally just treatment of juveniles by police can enhance legal compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with topical issues of the state and formation of legal consciousness of the Russian student youth. The problems of research and formation of the legal consciousness of students is one of the acute and key problems of modern Russian society. The study of legal consciousness, its genesis and development, dramatic transformations is one of the most relevant areas in the modern Russian sociology of law. The task is to study the peculiarities of legal socialization of various socio-demographic groups in Russian society. The most important social group is the youth, since the success of the approval of the updated legal system of Russian society, the formation of a truly legal state in the conditions of the formation of a new institutional system of the state depends on the legal consciousness of the youth. The consolidation of institutional transformations requires a radical transformation of the legal consciousness of all members of society, the approval of the corresponding legal consciousness of the majority of Russian citizens, new legal values, legal values and attitudes, stable orientations to compliance with the law and lawful behavior. The methodological basis of our research is the theories of Soviet and Russian jurists. To study the state of legal awareness of students, we conducted a mass sociological survey in October 2022. The object of the study is students of the city of Yekaterinburg aged from 18 to 25 years. The sample is proportional by gender and age. The article analyzes theoretical studies of the legal consciousness of Russian sociologists and philosophers, presents the results of the author's sociological study of the state and content of the legal consciousness of students based on higher educational institutions of the city of Yekaterinburg. The need to overcome legal nihilism and increase legal literacy of young people is noted. This is especially important during the transformation of Russian society, which is characterized not only by positive processes, transformations of all spheres of socio-economic and political structure, but also by the spread of such phenomena as legal cynicism, nihilism and anomie, changes in value orientations and socio-psychological attitudes of young people, including students. Conclusions are formulated and ways and opportunities of improving the legal culture of students are identified.

Qanun Jinayat Aceh reflects Aceh's condition after being recognized as an area that is allowed to implement Islamic law. Even though it is legal, the next problem is how to actualize it so that it is not only a juridical struggle. The challenge in implementing the qanun jinayat by the Aceh government is how to be objective, not sharp down and blunt up. The next challenge is how the community is aware of the law with various legal socializations carried out by the Aceh Islamic Shari'a Service. This research is classified as field research with a qualitative approach. The methodology used is a juridical-empirical study. This means how the law's legality is associated with events and phenomena in the field. The primary sources in this study were informants at the Syariat Islam service in Aceh Tamiang and Langsa City, lecturers in the field of Islamic Criminal Law (HPI) at IAIN Langsa, MPU Aceh Tamiang and MPU Langsa City, and communities around Aceh Tamiang and Langsa cities. The results of the study conclude that the Qanun Jinayat has not been effective in suppressing the crime rate in Aceh. The causes are, first, because legal socialization is not right on target and only touches some levels of society. Second, many people still choose to settle jinayat cases through customary law with light sanctions, which does not have a deterrent effect.

Anecdotal evidence suggests Black caregivers tend to engage in a sociocultural practice called "the Talk," in which they equip youth with knowledge to facilitate successful navigation of police encounters. Yet, little empirical research exists examining this practice and the factors that may influence the transmission of messages from parents to youth. This study examined the types of messages parents deem important for children to understand about police, whether racial differences exist, and whether parents' police legitimacy attitudes play a role in perceived importance. Exploratory factor analysis of survey responses from 1,056 parents identified four constructs inherent in The Talk: messages about Police Role, Compliance, Police Behaviors and Safety Behaviors. Using survey data from 948 Black and White parents, multiple regression analyses revealed that parent race was significantly related to the importance parents placed on communicating specific types of messages about the police and that legitimacy attitudes moderated these relationships. Consistent with prior findings of racial differences in legitimacy attitudes, Black parents reported less trust in the police than White parents. Black parents also placed less importance on communicating positive socialization messages about police and greater importance on communicating messages related to compliance, expectations of negative police behaviors, and maintaining personal safety during police encounters. Although legitimacy attitudes significantly moderated the relationship between parent race and message content, Black parents' legitimacy attitudes were a weaker driver of parents' messages than White parents' attitudes, suggesting that additional factors (e.g., expectations of differential treatment) may motivate Black parents' socialization practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police must rely on the public's cooperation; however, youths' views of police are historically low. To understand the dynamics of these intergroup relations, this study integrates two theoretical perspectives: the cognitive developmental perspective, which posits that age-graded cognitive enhancements enable children to begin critically evaluating police; and the group engagement model, which suggests that views of police impact law-related behavior. Utilizing a sample of 424 community youth (37.97% Hispanic/Latinx, 19.81% Native American), this study tested four novel hypotheses: H1: Age is negatively associated with youths' willingness to cooperate (WTC) with police; H2: Age is negatively associated with normative alignment with police; H3: Normative alignment is positively associated with WTC; and H4: Normative alignment is more strongly associated with older youths' WTC. All four hypotheses were supported. The article discusses the implications of both the integration of these theoretical perspectives and the findings for understanding the effects of these intergroup dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the problem of legal socialization in the context of changes in the global social reality, and the analysis of a set of measures of citizenship legal education as a priority factor of proper legal socialization in modern conditions. The authors' methodological basis of the research consists of a set of key approaches (synergetic, interdisciplinary, humanistic, cosmopolitan-sociological) and a three-level system of methods: philosophical, general scientific and special scientific methods. The legal statistical method is used for a comprehensive analysis and establishment of certain patterns based on statistical processing of quantitative material collected as a result of the study (certain data from UN and EUROSTAT official documents and publications were used). It is proved that legal socialization conceptualizes two processes for achieving compliance both on the basis of consensus and coercion. Therefore, the task of proper legal policy is the formation of such a mechanism of law-making, law-enforcement and law-interpreting guarantees that take into account the latest requirements of social reality and the classic moral and ethical patterns of existence of civilized nations. It is generalized that the manifestations of the transformation of legal globalization affecting the legal socialization of the individual are manifested in the following: systematic, continuous, rapid renewal of legal knowledge; obtaining legal information through the latest and classic channels; complexity of legal knowledge and practical skills of implementation, interpretation of legal norms; integrativeness; and multiculturalism of legal communication. It is pointed out that citizenship legal education is a priority means of proper legal socialization and a set of legal guarantees to ensure the proper level of proposed citizenship education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Additionally, it assumes that each of those behaviors is equally weighted in forming that judgment so that the presence of one behavior is ascribed the same meaning by the actor as any of the other behaviors in the index. Keywords: objective procedural justice; subjective procedural justice; police; measurement EN objective procedural justice subjective procedural justice police measurement 378 392 15 03/24/23 20230501 NES 230501 Introduction I commend [12] for heeding repeated calls ([8]; [17]) for more field work testing procedural justice theory (PJT). Their critique is grounded in the idea that procedural justice scholars have (1) identified the process by which actors transform interactions with police officers into subjective judgments of procedural justice and (2) developed measures to capture this process. If there are a nearly infinite number of behaviors that could be selected in constructing an objective measure of procedural justice, then this suggests PJT (or at least a core aspect of it) is functionally unfalsifiable as one could always argue that any nonsignificant relation between objective and subjective measures is due to the former not containing the "correct" behaviors. [Extracted from the article]

Legal socialization is the process by which individuals obtain their attitudes and beliefs about formal social control mechanisms such as the police, including how these are formed through domains of social life. These attitudes and subsequent beliefs toward the police, whether positive or negative, have been found to impact individuals' compliance with the law and cooperation with legal authorities. Despite research advancements on legal socialization, the theoretical hypotheses drawn from this perspective have not been tested in the Caribbean context, a high crime and violence setting where the police are often viewed as corrupt, untrustworthy, and ineffective. This study uses data from 4,293 youths to examine the effect of socializing agents (i.e., family, school, and peers) on youth perceptions of the police in three nations - Guyana, St. Kitts and Nevis, and St. Lucia - and whether these perceptions impact delinquency. We find that legal socialization domains and perceptions of the police are important factors that influence delinquency in the Caribbean. Implications are discussed in light of future research and policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adolescents with positive attitudes towards the legal authorities are unlikely to adopt delinquent behaviours. To examine the role school can play in shaping such attitudes, we questioned 465 middle school students to assess how their emotional relationships with teachers (teachers' compassionate love, teachers' esteem) relate to their attitudes towards authority (trust in the justice system, positive evaluation of the law). We also assessed whether these associations were mediated by school belonging. Results showed that teachers' compassionate love and teachers' esteem were (respectively) directly and indirectly linked to students' attitudes towards authority. In both cases, school belonging acted as either a partial or a total mediator. This is consistent with the group engagement model and suggests that students' attitudes towards legal authorities are linked to their affective relationships with teachers, partly because their positive perceptions of teacher-student relationships strengthen their feelings of school membership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Police-initiated diversion practices allow officers to divert youth away from the justice system. This qualitative study addresses one such Southern California program to understand the subjective experiences of youth and parents through in-depth interviews. Thirty-eight respondents, 19 youth and 19 parents, were interviewed for this study. Results demonstrate how an increase in positive interactions with police officers and diversion program staff can influence how youth comply with the law and legal institutions. Interviews emphasized youths' complex attitudes toward police and the law, highlighting the importance for police and diversion programs to engage in transparent practices to facilitate a greater understanding of diversion and reduce potentially traumatic feelings from initial police contact. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Forschungsjournal Soziale Bewegungen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, we provide an overview of Just World Theory and legal socialization research and how these explain how youth legitimize authorities and comply with rules based on justice. The article analyzes the literature in three parts: demonstrating legal socialization as a valuable research field to study how people internalize norms and social rules, develop trust in authorities, and shape legal attitudes and behaviors; presenting just world theory as a way to identify the mechanisms that shape justice perceptions; discussing how perceptions of justice can influence the relationships between children and authorities and shape attitudes towards the law. Based on the evidence presented, we conclude that a higher belief in justice can increase the level of cooperation with authorities because individuals are motivated by the expectations of just treatment and just rewards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Zeitschrift für Rechtssoziologie is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

University phase is a major turning point in youth's life and this is a time of profound mental and cognitive development of students. Without proper direction and guidance, it is common for students to develop deviant behaviors, non-law abidance and unhealthy beliefs. In this regard, an integral part of the educational process is the imparting of moral values and law-abiding behaviors in students. The objective of this study was to explore the role of higher education system in fostering law-abiding behavior among Chinese students, as well as the issues it causes for society. For this purpose, the principles of law-abiding behavior were studied and key psychological factors used in the system were identified. The suggestions of the bibliometric research are designed to improve and expand the method for preventing student misbehavior in educational institutions, hence enhancing the efficacy of preventative work with students. They may serve as the basis for the creation and enhancement of programs and strategies aimed at teaching lawful behavior among students. More than 3,785 articles were published related law-abiding behavior from 2000 to the end of July 2022 years were examined in this research using the Scopus database and the original sample was narrowed down to include only articles, book chapter and conference papers that contributed to law-abiding behavior and higher education literature. The VOS viewer software was used to execute the descriptive statistics and scientific mapping approaches using co-citation analysis. In the descriptive analysis, we analyzed publishing patterns over time, the geographical localization of the contributing institutions, journals, the most prolific authors. The findings of the present study may also provide the foundation for a planned educational initiative whose ultimate aim is to produce a fully realized, harmonious, self-reliant, mature, and law-abiding person. The study has provided supporting evidence for how youngsters legal sensibilities are shaped in universities have been implemented. Two distinct but interdependent educational spheres, the normative legal sphere and the space for the creation and development of students' personalities must work together to raise and educate youngsters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A popular model of legal socialization contends that interactions with authority figures impact the internalization of pro-social values and beliefs, including authority legitimacy. Simultaneously, subcultural theories, including the code of the street, emphasize that negative contextual and experiential factors promote subcultural beliefs. The current study examines whether legal socialization processes are associated with the development of subcultural beliefs. Using longitudinal data from approximately 1,200 adolescent male offenders, we examined whether social experiences and contextual characteristics influence the development of individual beliefs in the code of the street through police legitimacy and legal cynicism. Consistent with theoretical expectations, the effects of deleterious neighborhood characteristics and negative interactions with authority figures were associated with beliefs in the code of the street through diminished police legitimacy and higher levels of cynicism toward the law. These findings provide evidence of the relevance of legal socialization processes for the development of subcultural norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pandemic management through social and legal regulation deeply affected the lives of younger generations engaged, in the same way as adults, in reorienting their behaviour while facing an unprecedented health crisis. The Covid-19 pandemic exponentially increased both challenges and opportunities for the legal socialization of boys and girls. This article explores these issues based on the data collected during 16 focus groups conducted in Spring 2021, involving 134 adolescents living in the Turin metropolitan area (Northwest Italy). The research shows that most of the boys and girls who participated in the research were able to meet the challenge posed by the pandemic, by reorganising significant spheres of their lives also from a legal perspective, as well as by resorting to complex, and often critical, reasoning concerning their actions vis-à-vis both old and new norms and the authorities that set them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to give full play to the role of field research of legal psychology institutional investors in promoting enterprise environmental governance, this article puts forward the research on how legal Psychology institutional investors affect the corporate governance environment. Taking the listed companies in the A-share heavy pollution industry of Shenzhen Stock Exchange from 2018 to 2021 as a sample, this article tests the impact and action mechanism of legal Psychology institutional investors' field research on corporate environmental governance. Hypothesis 1: the field research of legal Psychology institutional investors can promote the environmental governance of enterprises. Hypothesis 2: for enterprises with poor environmental information disclosure, the impact of field research of legal Psychology institutional investors on enterprise environmental governance is more obvious. Hypothesis 3: for enterprises with more concentrated distribution, the impact of field research of legal Psychology institutional investors on enterprise environmental governance is more obvious. Leadership power has the three attributes of management, social psychology, and law, and its essence is the socialization of legal psychology. Under the perspective of legal psychology, the psychological mechanism of leadership power is mainly manifested in three aspects: increasing the social distance, activating the approach system, and inducing the control illusion. The cumulative number of field investigations conducted by the enterprise in the current year +1 is adopted, and the logarithm is taken as the measurement index of the field investigation of legal Psychology institutional investors, which is expressed by Investigate. In the robustness test part, the virtual variables are set by whether the enterprise is investigated in the field in that year. The results show that in uncontrolled years and industries, the regression coefficients of legal Psychology institutional investor investigation and enterprise environmental protection capital investment are 0.0703 and 0.2416, respectively, which are significant at the level of 5%. After controlling the year and industry, the regression results show that the field investigation of legal Psychology institutional investors and enterprise environmental capital investment are still positive, significantly at the level of 5% and 1%, respectively. The environmental capital investment of enterprises with poor environmental information disclosure (0.479 and 1.161) is higher than that of enterprises with good environmental information disclosure (0.252 and 0.618), and the mean t-test maintains the significance level of 1%, indicating that the impact of field research on enterprise environmental governance is more obvious in enterprises with poor environmental information disclosure, which preliminarily verifies Hypothesis 2 of this article. Similarly, when the distribution of enterprises is more concentrated, the environmental capital investment of enterprises is 0.536 and 1.286, which is higher than that of enterprises with a more dispersed distribution (0.315 and 0.778) and maintains a significant level of 1%. The results show that obtaining environmental information is helpful for stakeholders to supervise enterprise environmental governance. Therefore, we should formulate and issue policies and regulations that require enterprises to disclose environmental information as soon as possible, improve the standards of environmental information disclosure, establish an enterprise environmental information disclosure platform, and improve the level and quality of environmental information disclosure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author argues that today the legal education system needs to be upgraded in line with socio-economic and socio-legal realities of society. This requires modernization of the legal education system, which combines practice-oriented and student-customized methods and techniques that will enhance the process of positive development of the legal socialization of the individual. The main outcome of the legal education of the individual systems are supposed to be legal awareness, values and attitudes, which can make up the legal sphere of the individual and ultimately form positive socialization of the legal person. The author supposes that in order to become entitled to life factor, a measure of real-legal behavior of the subjects, it should be as close as possible to them, so that the citizens know, appreciate and respect the laws. Only under these social and legal conditions of the legal education the system can be an effective tool in the construction of a positive level of legal socialization of the individual, i.e., when the acquired legal knowledge, values, patterns and standards turn into personal beliefs of a subject and strict adherence to legal regulations and, consequently, to the internal demand and the habit of following the rule of law.

In this disruptive era, the problem of delay (delay), affordability (access) in the exchange of information and data is an issue that worries the public, especially in the judicial process, which if ignored, will cause new problems for justice seekers, especially in the Religious Courts. In addition, the issue of integrity (integrity) is an aspect that needs to be optimized in the community service process so that the Religious Courts become a place that can provide justice for the wider community. This study seeks to explore several factors that encourage the birth of an information technology-based system within the Supreme Court (e-litigation), as well as the strategy of the Siak Sri Indrapura Religious Court in realizing a modern judicial process with integrity. The research data was obtained by conducting interviews with judges and court officials, observation, and documentation in the field, and then the data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that the Siak Sri Indrapura Religious Court applies internal coaching strategies and legal socialization to the community to realize a modern and integrity judicial process to get the best predicate in the implementation of E-Litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this disruptive era, the problem of delay (delay), affordability (access) in the exchange of information and data is an issue that worries the public, especially in the judicial process, which if ignored, will cause new problems for justice seekers, especially in the Religious Courts. In addition, the issue of integrity (integrity) is an aspect that needs to be optimized in the community service process so that the Religious Courts become a place that can provide justice for the wider community. This study seeks to explore several factors that encourage the birth of an information technology-based system within the Supreme Court (e-litigation), as well as the strategy of the Siak Sri Indrapura Religious Court in realizing a modern judicial process with integrity. The research data was obtained by conducting interviews with judges and court officials, observation, and documentation in the field, and then the data were analyzed using descriptive qualitative methods. The results of this study indicate that the Siak Sri Indrapura Religious Court applies internal coaching strategies and legal socialization to the community to realize a modern and integrity judicial process to get the best predicate in the implementation of E-Litigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]