Search

The article is dedicated to highlighting current issues in the legislative regulation of the organization and conduct of gambling in Ukraine, as well as finding optimal solutions to these problems. Based on the conducted analysis, it is stated that the legislative regulation of public relations in the field of gambling is characterized by a wide range of issues, including deficiencies in the conceptual and categorical apparatus, insufficiently clear general requirements for gambling organizers, and the absence of requirements aimed at ensuring the stable operation of gambling establishments under conditions of unstable power supply. Directions for improving the conceptual and categorical apparatus of Ukrainian gambling legislation are outlined. The author formulates a definition of the term «gambling.» The types of gambling are systematized, the shortcomings of their legislative description are identified, and the necessity of legally defining lotteries as a type of gambling is substantiated. It is concluded that the general requirements for the subjects organizing and conducting gambling are insufficiently coordinated, particularly the requirements regarding their impeccable business reputation. It is proposed to establish a licensing requirement for the impeccable business reputation of legal entities intending to conduct business activities in the field of gamblin g. The article pays special attention to the problem of ensuring the uninterrupted functioning of gambling establishments under conditions of constant stabilization and emergency power outages. It is emphasized that during such outages, the operation of electronic and technical equipment in casinos and gaming halls is significantly disrupted, making it impossible to record the current state and results of games, fairly calculate winnings, and monitor draws online. In this regard, it is proposed to establish a legislative requirement for the mandatory equipping of casino and gaming hall establishments with backup power sources. To improve the administrative and legal foundations of the organization and conduct of gambling, the article proposes a comprehensive review of sectoral legislation to ensure its consistency, completeness of regulation, adequacy to modern realities, and compliance with the main trends of gambling development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research objective is to analyze contemporary information technologies and their application in teaching the legal aspects of taxing financial assets in higher educational institutions. Drawing upon international legal experience, the goal is to identify optimal innovative principles for the integration of information technologies to enhance the effectiveness of teaching and comprehension of this legal discipline. To assess the influence of integrating information technologies on the academic achievements and competencies of law students, instructors conducted a retrospective analysis of students' academic records from the preceding semester, during which a conventional educational curriculum was implemented. Semester grades were meticulously recorded for each student. The utilization of information-based pedagogical approaches introduced in the subsequent semester yielded a discernible enhancement in the mean academic performance of the law students. Specifically, the average grade rose from 68.9 (corresponding to the use of traditional methods in the initial semester) to 77.2 (attained through the application of integrated methods in the latter semester). This outcome underscores a heightened level of scholastic attainment among students when information technologies were integrated into the educational process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of the research lies in addressing the critical issue of judicial misinterpretation by the Supreme Court of the Republic of Kazakhstan, which is subsequently mirrored by subordinate courts, potentially infringing upon citizens' rights and freedoms. This study aims to thoroughly develop theoretical frameworks to enhance constitutional and legislative measures in Kazakhstan, thereby increasing the efficacy of legal norm interpretation and its impact on criminal justice administration. Utilizing analysis and comparative legal methods, this research examines various statutes and scholarly theories to ensure the theoretical and practical soundness, objectivity, and credibility of the findings. The investigation identifies legislative gaps, particularly in the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan and the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 480-V "On Legal Acts" and administration of criminal justice, proposing amendments for legislative enhancement and advocating for the incorporation of case law into the Kazakh legal system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this study lies in the need to consider the legal instruments for deterring a nuclear conflict in connection with the crisis of nuclear safety and instability in the current military-political geo-environment. The purpose of this study was to examine international experience in the field of legal consolidation of prohibitive norms of deterrence necessary to prevent nuclear threats. The following general scientific and special methods were employed in the study: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, generalisation, as well as formal legal, legal hermeneutics, logical- legal, comparative legal, and historical-legal methods. The study examined the specialised international legal framework of regulatory documents in the field of nuclear safety, safe operation of nuclear facilities and nuclear deterrence, as well as nuclear deterrence strategies and their development depending on the geopolitical situation. Based on the results of the study, it is determined that the legal regulation of nuclear conflict containment is in the form of prohibitory orders consolidated in the relevant international treaties in the field of nuclear and radiation safety. The study highlighted the main international treaties positioned as legal means of nuclear deterrence. The interaction of “soft” and “hard” law in nuclear and radiation safety agreements was considered, as well as the specific features of consolidating such norms in municipal law. The study provided generalising conclusions in terms of nuclear deterrence strategies, specifically, a vision of a new concept in this area, based on technological superiority in non-nuclear means of repelling nuclear strikes and massive precision non-nuclear retaliatory strikes. It was also concluded that attention should be paid to the development of a new international treaty that would combine all the rules prohibiting the use of nuclear energy for military purposes, as well as the rules governing nuclear and radiation safety as integral components of global nuclear security. The practical significance of this study is that its materials can be used for further development of the concepts of non-nuclear or legal nuclear deterrence

The article analyzes international and foreign experience in combating criminal obstruction of the legitimate activities of military formations. Based on the experience of foreign countries, the strategies and methods used to prevent and counteract criminal obstruction of military operations are highlighted. International legal acts and agreements aimed at ensuring the security and protection of the legitimate interests of military formations in the performance of their duties are studied. Military formations performing their duties in conflict and insecure environments often face criminal obstruction of their legitimate activities. This may include attacks on the military, destruction of military property, restriction of access to resources and other acts aimed at violating the rule of law and disrupting the military regime. The issue of criminal obstruction of legitimate activities in the international and/or foreign dimension attracts the attention of both domestic and international scholars. At the same time, in the scientific literature, this issue is considered to a limited extent only in relation to obstruction of a specific type of activity of a person, business entities, officials, public and state figures, journalists and other victims. This is highlighted in the scientific works of such scholars as N.O. Gutorova, S. V. Mohonchuk, and Y. V. Pylypenko [1, p. 79]. However, the science of criminal law lacks a theoretical basis for the international and foreign experience of combating criminal obstruction of the lawful activities of military formations. Thus, the purpose of the article is to reveal this issue and to provide a theoretical substantiation of the key elements of the crime under Article 114-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine. M.D. Sergievsky stated that scientific research cannot be limited to the positive law of any one nation (domestic law). And the necessary material should be the used definitions of the law of other states [2, p. 3]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relevance of this study lies in the need to consider the legal instruments for deterring a nuclear conflict in connection with the crisis of nuclear safety and instability in the current military-political geo-environment. The purpose of this study was to examine international experience in the field of legal consolidation of prohibitive norms of deterrence necessary to prevent nuclear threats. The following general scientific and special methods were employed in the study: analysis, synthesis, deduction, induction, generalisation, as well as formal legal, legal hermeneutics, logicallegal, comparative legal, and historical-legal methods. The study examined the specialised international legal framework of regulatory documents in the field of nuclear safety, safe operation of nuclear facilities and nuclear deterrence, as well as nuclear deterrence strategies and their development depending on the geopolitical situation. Based on the results of the study, it is determined that the legal regulation of nuclear conflict containment is in the form of prohibitory orders consolidated in the relevant international treaties in the field of nuclear and radiation safety. The study highlighted the main international treaties positioned as legal means of nuclear deterrence. The interaction of "soft" and "hard" law in nuclear and radiation safety agreements was considered, as well as the specific features of consolidating such norms in municipal law. The study provided generalising conclusions in terms of nuclear deterrence strategies, specifically, a vision of a new concept in this area, based on technological superiority in non-nuclear means of repelling nuclear strikes and massive precision non-nuclear retaliatory strikes. It was also concluded that attention should be paid to the development of a new international treaty that would combine all the rules prohibiting the use of nuclear energy for military purposes, as well as the rules governing nuclear and radiation safety as integral components of global nuclear security. The practical significance of this study is that its materials can be used for further development of the concepts of non-nuclear or legal nuclear deterrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Current trends of economic development form the necessity to observe new requirements and restrictions. It shows a new turn of the progressive development in different spheres of human activity. Challenges of sustainable development call for concrete positions in the system of risk management. Dynamic emergence of innovation technologies and services speed up processes of decision-making, and urge on business-processes to more serious changes. Today the key lines in business transformation include building-up clean energy and shaping green economy and green society. At the same time, efficiency of business entities’ work is estimated not only in view of financial results, but also within the frames of total ecological effect with simultaneous submission of report data. The goal of the present research is to identify points of growth and development in the system of today’s contradictions and to define priorities of state policy in order to coordinate interests of industry and requirements of sustainable development. The article substantiates the importance of finance sector in the system of providing harmonization of decarbonization policy and economic development. It is also important to take into account the whole list of tools, methods and infrastructural elements promoting the effective interaction of all participants of the decarbonization process at the level of separate state and within the frames of global international space.

Ukraine’s entry into the path of innovative economic development requires modernisation of the interaction between stakeholders of education, science and business to create a network of cooperation, taking into account the needs of stakeholders due to the situation in Ukraine as of 2023, focusing on changes in the world economy. The purpose of the article was to build a structural and logical scheme of analytical support for identifying trends and problems in the development of interaction between stakeholders in education, science and business. The methodology was based on the use of logical, systemic and comparative analysis. The analysis of budgetary funding for priority areas of innovation activity and sales of innovative products (services) and new technologies by budgetary funds managers showed no trends and priorities for the development of technology transfer and other intellectual property rights carried out by universities, research institutions, enterprises and organisations. The generalisation of changes and prospects of legislative regulation of support for educational, innovative, scientific and technical activities of business focuses on post-war reconstruction, which involves increasing confidence in the educational, scientific and expert activities of institutions for their effective functioning and increasing the volume of research funding. The analysis of the integration aspects of the research and innovation system into the European Research Area and support from international scientific organisations and foreign governments proved the support received from many national scientific communities and international scientific organisations in the creation of the portal for international scientific and technical cooperation and the international consortium for infrastructure and research. The practical significance of the study lies in the proposed directions for improving interaction with business of educational and scientific institutions in the process of implementing innovations separately by stages of interaction with stakeholders (attraction, financing and implementation)

The article examines the history of the formation of legislative regulation of labor relations of “special subjects” of labor law of the Russian Federation — professional athletes and coaches (sports subjects), as well as the current state of legal regulation of these relations. The author comes to the conclusion that the regulatory and legal regulation of the labor activity of sports subjects in Russia has a short history, equal to about three decades: until the end of the 80s of the XX century, professional sports were not given due attention by the state, and the relations that existed in this area were not properly regulated, which hindered the development of professional sports and created threats to the violation of the rights and legitimate interests of athletes and coaches. After the collapse of the USSR, the regulatory regulation of labor relations of sports subjects went through several stages, each of which had an invaluable impact on the development of professional sports in the Russian Federation. As a result of “trial and error”, a fairly extensive regulatory framework was created, which made it possible to achieve stability and legality in regulating the work of professional athletes and coaches. However, a number of legal conflicts and gaps that need to be addressed still remain.

The objective of this study is to analyze the legal regulation of the media in Western countries. The study is based on universal scientific methods, such as observation, deduction, analysis, comparative and historical historical analysis of different legislatures and the practices of their implementation. The countries chosen for the analysis are the so-called "old Europe" countries. The study concludes that the legal regulation of the media is a complex issue that must be addressed with a holistic approach. The law is important, but it is not enough to guarantee freedom of expression and information pluralism. There is also a need for effective law enforcement and media monitoring systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims at studying the national legislation, recommendations of international organizations (intergovernmental bodies), as well as the opinions of scholars and practitioners on the implementation of financial monitoring in the practice of law. The authors define the achievement of this goal by fulfilling the tasks set and answering the question of the correlation between the obligation to conduct financial monitoring and the attorney-client privilege. This article is of undoubted relevance due to Ukraine's active implementation of European integration processes and transformation of legislation in the field of prevention and counteraction to money laundering and terrorist financing. Along with this development is the independent status of the attorney-at-law and the practice of law, the maintenance and provision of which are constantly relevant in the State. The authors draw attention to the current legal regulation of financial monitoring in the practice of law, as well as to the FATF recommendations, emphasizing the importance of such a legal phenomenon as financial monitoring. The authors define the area of functional responsibility of law firms, law firms and attorneys-at-law who practice law individually as specially designated subjects of primary financial monitoring. In addition, this article emphasizes the peculiarities of financial monitoring in the practice of law and expresses concerns about certain peculiarities. At the same time, the authors outline the lack of unity in the attitude toward the purpose of financial monitoring, as well as the presence of scepticism and both constructive and unjustified criticism by practising attorneys at law of financial monitoring in the practice of law, namely its legal regulation. The authors determine that the most important result of this study is the emphasis on the need for a balanced ratio of the objectives of financial monitoring and the preservation of the independence of the legal profession. Summarizing, the researchers argue that financial monitoring is a challenge of the time, the achievement of which should not be declarative, but real. The reality of the goals of financial monitoring should be achieved by all subjects of the latter, including attorneys-at-law. At the same time, the combination of the status of an advocate and a subject of primary financial monitoring should be balanced, taking into account independence as a principle of the practice of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Uzhhorod National University Herald Series Law is the property of Uzhhorod National University, State Higher Educational Establishment and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The research relevance is predetermined by the need to study the key fundamentals of the energy security system at the international and national levels. Among the urgent issues caused by the challenges and threats of modern life, primarily due to the full-scale invasion and aggression of Russia against Ukraine, the provision of energy security, principles, legal, organisational, and other foundations, implementation mechanisms, and corresponding guarantees are singled out. The purpose of the research is to carry out a general theoretical comprehensive analysis of the principles of ensuring energy security, their typology, and justification of the need for modernisation. The research uses a complex of scientific methods: epistemological, phenomenological, statistical, modeling and forecasting, formal-legal, comparative-legal, historical-legal, etc., as well as an anthropological approach. The study comprehensively highlights the essence and features of the principles of ensuring energy security, taking into account the interdisciplinary, cross-industry nature of the process of ensuring energy security. Based on available doctrinal and regulatory legal sources, the concept and legal essence of the principles of law, and principles of ensuring energy security were analysed; the author’s vision of the criteria for the classification of the latter is substantiated, their varieties, the legislative basis of regulation and implementation, problems on this path and directions for their solution are considered. The terminological uncertainty, a certain non-systematic and inconsistency of the state energy policy of Ukraine, its organizational and legal foundations, and implementation mechanisms were noted. Therefore, the practical significance of the publication lies in the typology of the principles of ensuring energy security, the demarcation of the principles of energy policy of Ukraine, the principles of implementation of state policy in the sphere of energy security, the main fundamental principles of the strategy of cooperation in the energy sphere, etc. It is natural to modernise the existing principles of ensuring energy security, increase their efficiency, and strengthen the energy independence of the Ukrainian state, primarily in the conditions of the legal regime of martial law and post-war peacebuilding, cooperation in the field of energy and energy efficiency

Background. The relevance of the work is due to the differences in approaches to the definition of social responsibility in the state context, as well as the peculiarities of the formation of the concept of social responsibility in Russia. The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis of country models of social responsibility of small and medium-sized enterprises. Materials and methods. The approaches to the definition of social responsibility of K. Davis, M. Van Marreviik, M. Friedman, M. Porter, A. N. Averin were considered; foreign models related to the analysis of the social responsibility of small and medium-sized enterprises, as well as data from the author’s sociological research using the questionnaire survey method (n = 418) are presented. Results. The key aspects related to the definition of social responsibility by representatives of small and medium-sized businesses in Russia and in foreign countries are considered. The key manifestations of social respon-sibility of small and medium-sized enterprises in the understanding of domestic and foreign entrepreneurs are identified. The similarities and differences between the models of social responsibility at the state level are revealed. Conclusions. The Russian model of social re-sponsibility of small and medium-sized enterprises is formed to a lesser extent than the leading foreign concepts. Most representatives of domestic small and medium-sized enterprises associate social responsibility with the need to improve aspects of the internal environment of enterprises, while in the modern environment of small and medium-sized enterprises, a common position regarding the understanding of the phenomenon of social responsibility has not been formed. The similarity between domestic and foreign models of social responsibility lies in the complexity of the approach to the study of this phenomenon, which is expressed in the analysis of both internal and external manifestations. Among the differences, it should be noted that foreign models pay more attention to the analysis of external manifestations, including communication with customers, as well as consideration of the ethical aspect of social responsibility.

One of the priorities of the Concept for the Student Sports Development in the Russian Federation until 2025 is to improve the legal regulation of the student sports system and the Intersectoral Program for the student sports development until 2024 provides for a comprehensive update of the legislation on physical culture and sports of the regions of the Russian Federation in terms of student sports. This emphasizes the importance of the development of legislative regulation of student sports both at the federal and regional levels. At the same time, the legislation of student sports is interconnected with the main trends in its development, and since the last amendment to the legislation on physical culture and sports concerning student sports, these trends have been substantially transformed. The following article describes the current state of legislative regulation of student sports by analyzing the provisions of federal and regional legislation of student sports. Then the article defines the presence of regulatory framework for the implementation of the current priorities of student sports development and also identifies problems that interfere with the effective implementation of these priorities.

The subject of this study is the legal regulation of the unified system of public authority in the Russian Federation. Its purpose is to determine the theoretical approaches and practice of legislative regulation of a unified system of public authority, which is unfolding after the adoption of amendments to the text of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in 2020. The main hypothesis, which authors propose is that there is a contradiction between the norms of the acts, governing organization and activities of public authorities, and those norms in their relationship with the constitutional norms governing the relevant relations. In the course of the work, the authors used both general research methods, including methods of analysis and synthesis, as well as field-specific ones, including the formal legal method. The authors believe that the difficulties in reflecting public authority in normative regulation lie primarily in the fact that neither in Soviet legal research, nor in the current Russian legal thought, issues of public authority have been considered meaningfully and in detail. Its content and structure do not have a clear, complete doctrinal understanding. Foreign experience, however, shows that such a clear understanding at the theoretical level is absent in foreign jurisdictions either.

The prerequisites for the formation of a modern model of relations between regional authorities and print media in the Rostov region, as well as the process of evolution of these relations from 1985 to 1991 is discussed in the article. The author singled out two characteristic stages, carried out their study, revealed characteristics and features. The results of a comparative analysis are presented on a number of fundamental parameters, such as the degree of independence of editorial teams in choosing an information agenda, administrative and legislative control by the party leadership. Particular attention is paid to the historical context, as well as the peculiarities of the development of the media institution itself. The novelty of the study is seen in the fact that a comprehensive study of the relationship between regional authorities and the print media on the materials of the Rostov region has not been previously carried out, a number of previously unpublished archival documents have been introduced into scientific circulation. It has been established that by 1991, horizontal ties had arisen and strengthened in the Don media, new approaches to interaction with state authorities began to take shape. A new generation of professional journalists who were actively involved in politics (they were elected to representative bodies of power at various levels), the development of commercial advertising began.

The article is concerned with analyzing the current state of development of credit unions and carrying out assessment and structuring of the main reasons that hinder their further development. It is defined that today in the world the most common form of financial cooperatives are credit unions that provide loans to socially vulnerable segments of the population and provide financial support to small business entities, farms, which becomes especially relevant during the pandemic. Information on the volume of activities of credit unions in some countries of the world and in Europe is provided. It is noted that the activities of credit unions in Ukraine are at an unsatisfactory level, as a result of the crisis in credit unions, the quality of loan servicing began to deteriorate. Overdue arose not only for consumer loans, but also concerning the loans for business needs. The current situation is analyzed and the main stages of development of credit unions are allocated. On the basis of a comparative analysis of the activities of credit unions and banks, the main advantages and disadvantages in the work of credit unions are allocated. A structural view of the reasons that hinder the development of credit unions is proposed. A model is constructed that allows to propose a sequence of actions, structure existing causes and identify critical ones, namely, imperfection of legislative regulation, presence of institutional restrictions, economic and political instability. It is concluded that at the present stage of development of the system of credit unions in Ukraine, scientific substantiation and legislative regulation of this segment are necessary, taking into account domestic peculiarities and international experience. Credit unions, in turn, should implement the latest technologies and expand the range of services, which will allow to work for a wider audience.

The study analyses the historical basis of the system of social and pedagogical support of foreign students in the United States. The relevance of the study lies in the importance of modernisation and the regular improvement of adaptive preparatory programmes in the linguistic, psychological, and sociocultural areas. However, this requires the use of the experience of countries with the biggest practice of working with foreign students, namely the United States. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyse the organisational structure of the system of social and pedagogical support of foreign students in higher education institutions in the United States at the initial historical stage. The methods of analysis, synthesis, and generalisation were used during the research. Also, for a more effective study of social and pedagogical and infrastructural development of the adaptive training system of foreign students, a method of chronological coordinates was developed. The stage from which it is necessary to begin the study of the history of the system of foreign student support is highlighted, namely the period of 1911-1920, marked as organisational and constitutive. It is revealed that the stage is characterised by the emergence of the primary foundations of the counselling centre for the support of foreign students; the creation of the first structured national associations of foreign students and the adoption of fundamental legislative initiatives that provided the development of the support system. It is substantiated that the process of structuring the support system in the United States should be considered after 1919 (defined by the author as a period of diachronic- synchronous unity) when the Institute of International Education was established. The practical significance of the study lies in the first systematisation of historical material and its presentation as an organisational and constitutive stage. The presented results of the research can be practically applied in the process of preparation of lecture material on the history of social work in the USA and the world; in the framework of public and non-profit organisations, etc

This research investigates how existing political and legal instruments can affect democratic power structures and civil society and examines prospects for their development. The article seeks to analyze current views and approaches related to negative campaigning, its sociopolitical perception, and countermeasures by looking at them through the lens of post‐Soviet countries and states within the Anglo‐Saxon legal tradition. Hence, the study views negative campaigning as a practice undermining democracy. We provide reliable evidence that Western nations are more likely to take a liberal approach to negative campaigning and assign it the role of a political struggle element. In addition, we found multiple confirmations that legislators in Russia have been toughening measures against negative campaigning and general defamation‐related rules. Related Articles: Caillier, James. 2010. "Citizen Trust, Political Corruption, and Voting Behavior: Connecting the Dots." Politics & Policy 38(5): 1015–35. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747‐1346.2010.00267.x Craig, Stephen C., and Paulina S. Rippere. 2014. "Political Trust and Negative Campaigns: Two Tests of the Figure‐Ground Hypothesis." Politics & Policy 42(5): 693–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/polp.12091 Jones, David A., Kathleen Ferraiolo, and Jennifer Byrne. 2011. "Selective Media Exposure and Partisan Differences about Sarah Palin's Candidacy." Politics & Policy 39(2): 195–221. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.17471346.2011.00288.x [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivation: This article studies the behavior of the Czech Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA) Committee during the years between 2013-2018. This institution assesses RIAs of new laws and regulations which are in the process of ratification. Aim: The main aim was to find if the legislative change of February 3, 2016 had a direct impact on the decision-making of the Committee. Further, we ask whether there are other distinct patterns in the behavior of Czech RIA Committee members. Specifically, do the RIA Committee's verdicts become more negative with time? We also investigate the level of independence of the Committee. In our analysis we used basic statistics: Chi-Square test of independence and regression analysis. To complete our study, we used data from a questionnaire which was distributed among RIA Committee members. Results: In our analysis we found that the legislative change did not have a direct immediate effect on the RIA Committee of the Czech Republic. However, we discovered that the RIA Committee has lost most of its independence and power in the six years of its existence. This change was gradual and most likely catalyzed by pressure from politicians. Further, voting per rollam yielded more positive results. We also discovered an institution whose RIA Committee verdicts differed significantly. Based on the findings of our research, we offer recommendations to the RIA Committee and other institutions with a similar purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compounding medicines preparation is part of the proper pharmaceutical supply of the population. Unfortunately, its volumes in Ukraine have been declining recently, but the spread of medicines production in privately owned pharmacies indicates the prospects of this activity type. The aim of the work was the analysis of the current state of medicines compounding and its legislative regulation in foreign countries, formulation of the main directions of the Ukrainian legislation reforming on this issue. The materials of the research were scientific publications in peer-reviewed foreign journals with using bibliosemantic method, the method of generalization and systematic data analysis. The analysis of publications concerning the practice of medicines preparation in foreign countries showed its volume increasing. In most countries, such activities are an integral part of pharmaceutical care and the provision of medicines to the population. Along with conventional pharmacies, the widespread medicines compounding in hospital pharmacies. The structure of drug production differs in each country. According to the Global Market Insights report for 2018, the main therapeutic areas in the structure of compounding medicines market were hormone replacement therapy, analgesia, dermatology, specialized drugs and parenteral nutrition. The regulatory framework governing the medicines compounding was reviewed in the last few years. The EU updated the PIC/S Guide and approved the second version of the EU Council Resolution on the medicines compounding. To control the spread of sterile medicines serial preparation in the United States since 2013 this activity is controlled by the FDA. Compliance with GMP requirements is a mandatory requirement for the serial preparation of sterile medicines abroad. Thus, the development of medicines compounding is a promising area of pharmaceutical activity. Despite the reduction in the number of compounding pharmacies, Ukrainian pharmacies are also involved in the preparation of specific medicines. A number of regulatory documents, the requirements of which are similar to international ones, regulates the quality control of compounding medicines. However, to comply with modern world trends, it is necessary to review and update this legislation.

Materials and Methods. Implementation of the goal and objectives is achieved by using a comprehensive methodological approach with the participation of general scientific and specifically legal methods, as well as methods of applied analysis. The method of scientific criticism allowed us to identify the main contradictions of the theory of sustainable development. Results. The authors highlighted, scientifically substantiated, and characterised the structural elements of the system of state legislation aimed at sustainable development. The article concludes that at the present stage of development the state remains the only force capable of organizing society, coordinating individual and group behavior and providing power and normative order to solve common problems that threaten the foundations of human life. Discussion and Conclusions The authors believe that the theory of sustainable development, perceived in world politics as a strategy for the future, has serious contradictions. Failure of the theory of sustainable development as a holistic concept should not lead to ignoring the problems it is aimed at. At the present stage, measures taken at the level of individual states and their regional associations may be the most effective. The possibilities for global regulation under the conditions of "permocrisis" and the denial of the foundations of the current world order are very limited, largely due to their unfairness. Therefore, an effective regulator of sustainable development at this stage can be a dynamically developing system of national legislation.

The authors of the article have considered the notion of «mobbing» being a destructive element of a work collective performance, its causes and effects both for the employees and for the entire organization. It has been ascertained that this phenomenon is widespread in many countries of the world in particular in the developed ones that study this problem not only from the point of view of personnel management and psychology but take into account the legal estimation concerning the amount of responsibility of mobbers and bringing them to court for unlawful treatment of a particular person. It has been emphasized that the system of the legislative mechanisms of preventing mobbing and providing legal protection of employees and workers from this phenomenon in Ukraine in the conditions of the market relations development that requires the most effective use of the labour resources for enhancing the efficiency of an organization operation performance is to be improved. The experience of the developed European countries in the sphere of the legislative regulation of the psychological pressure in the workplace has been studied in comparison with the current Ukrainian labour legislation in question. It has been urged that the European experience in addressing mobbing in the workplace is to be adopted in the Ukrainian Euro integration processes. The most important factors of the psychological terror of employees and workers have been determined and the individuals who most often suffer from the psychological pressure have been characterized on the basis of statistical data. The judicial practice of settling the cases of mobbing in the workplace in Ukrainian courts have been analyzed. The ineffectiveness of the system of the legal protection of employees and workers as well as the need to improve it have been stressed. The authors have suggested the optimal ways of adapting Ukrainian labour legislation to such modern social challenges as the need to eliminate mobbing in the workplace and its effects which is the main direction in safeguarding the constitutional rights of employees and workers to a safe and healthy workplace environment stipulated by the Ukrainian legislation in force. The prospects of developing legislative regulation of the psychological violence have been paid attention to.

The legislative regulation of using confidants in Ukraine, as well as the moral aspects of confidential cooperation between individuals and law enforcement agencies have been analyzed. Some reasons that contributed to the regulation of confidential cooperation at the legislative level have been revealed in the historical retrospective; the correlation of the terms of “assistance” and “cooperation” used in the operative and search legislation has been demonstrated. It has been substantiated that in the course of studying the activities of special forces of operative and search activity it is advisable to use a narrower term of “cooperation”, which reflects the specifics of the activity of such forces. The norms of not secret normative legal acts have been outlined, which enshrined the conceptual bases of work with confidants. The emphasis has been made on the need to regulate not only the rights of the confidants, but also their obligations. A comparative analysis of the society’s attitude to confidential cooperation in different countries has been conducted. The moral and ethical grounds for involving persons into confidential cooperation have been studied. The author has outlined the essential role of the ideological component in the work of the state apparatus, which influences the attitude of society to confidential cooperation. The interdependence of moral and legal aspects of confidential cooperation has been proved. It has been established that the involvement of persons, from a moral point of view, into confidential cooperation is determined by: the voluntary nature of such involvement; public duty; perception of appropriate cooperation as the assistance to the community for its proper functioning; compulsory use of confidants for the prevention and detection of latent crimes; counteracting aggressive protection of criminal interests; guaranteeing the public interests by saving the costs for law enforcement function, since the use of confidants is more financially effective than attracting additional law enforcement forces and means.

The idea of family represents a concept almost as old as law. The sense that we give to family is oscillating between legal definitions and social and human concepts. The year of 2018 brought to the attention of all a natural question: how can we define family from the constitutional, legal and human perspective? The organization of a referendum by the Romanian authorities in what concerns the redefinition of the family in the Constitution brought great controversies. By starting from this legal action (the referendum), we are trying to analyze, by means of it, what does this old, but at the same time new concept, mean: the family.

The key trends and obstacles in the development of education in Russia have been considered in the article. It has been shown, that the education system, formed in the previous technological way, does not meet the needs of modern society. The main modern trend in the development of education is the introduction of digital technologies and in particular the transition from the traditional “classroom” model of learning to online education. This direction is now actively developing abroad and seems prospective in Russia. At the same time, there is a number of obstacles, that significantly inhibit its development. The main one is still not the existing system of recognition of equality of online education to its traditional forms. This problem is typical not only for our country and can be solved at the legislative level by developing the system of legislative regulation and standardization of sphere of education. Another obstacle is the continuing lack of implementation of online technologies in the educational process by educational organizations themselves, due to both the lack of development of the digital infrastructure and the need to train teachers of the new formation, who can work effectively in the digital environment. This problem can be solved by full-scale digitalization of universities with the involvement of both public financing and private investment. The third major obstacle to the full transition to online education is the very low percentage of students, who complete courses successfully. At the same time, opinion polls show, that Russian students themselves are not ready to accept digital education as a full-fledged one. The correction of this situation requires the introduction of technological and organizational solutions in the field of education, aimed at adapting the educational system to the dynamically changing needs of the labor market, individualization of educational trajectories and increasing the involvement of students in the educational process.

The article considers the existing practice of realizing students’ academic rights in Russia in comparison with foreign countries (USA, European Union) and in the context of the key principles of the Bologna process (quality assurance, use of the credit system (ECTS), increased mobility, lifelong learning, student-centeredness, social dimension and social accessibility). The article dwells on the features of the domestic practice of the implementation of students’ academic rights distinct from the European and the United States, including those associated with different traditions of legal regulation and different mentality of participants in educational relations. The following conclusions were made: (1) the composition of academic rights, their legislative regulation and the practice of implementation in Russia and abroad have significant differences; (2) as compared with foreign students, Russian students are less active in exercising and defending their academic rights; (3) in the Russian practice of exercising academic rights there is a number of problems that do not allow the full implementation of the principles of the Bologna process; (4) for the full implementation of these principles, it is necessary to improve the domestic practice of the implementation of students’ academic rights.

In Russia social enterprises (entities of social entrepreneurship) are set up and develop during the last decade. In 2012 they were included in the state program of support for small and medium entrepreneurship. The growth in the number of social entrepreneurship and the experience of state regulation and support to their work accumulated within the period 2012 – 2017 stipulate the need to systematize and analyze this managerial experience. The article describes the origin of the system of state regulation in the field of social entrepreneurship in Russia. It shows that today the process of establishment and development of the conceptual kit, goals, tasks and tools of state policy is going on. Having studied tools of legislative regulation, infrastructure, education and finance support to entities of social entrepreneurship in Russia the authors pointed to the absence of the unique program of this sector development, which is obvious in dividing all tools of support in accordance with organizational-legal forms of social enterprises and it actually duplicates infrastructure and makes administration of finance support more difficult. The authors put forward recommendations dealing with designing a unique program of social entrepreneurship development in Russia with adopting relevant legislation and correcting the mechanism of managing this sector of economy on the part of state.

The article deals with the mechanism of protection of the right to freedom of conscience. It is concluded that securing the right to freedom of conscience is possible only if there are special (legal) guarantees. An attempt is made to identify the constitutional guarantees of the right to freedom of conscience in the system of legal guarantees of the right to freedom of conscience. In view of the existing problems arising in the definition of the system of legal guarantees of the right to freedom of conscience, recommendations are proposed for improving the mechanism for their provision in the Russian Federation in the current legislation.

The article is devoted to separate aspects of formation and development of legislative regulation of the Institute of state secrets (state secrets) in the post-Soviet States. Focuses on the difference between the legal concepts of “state secret” and “state secrets.” Stresses the urgency of improving the legal security, convergence and harmonization of legislation on state secrets to the member States of the organization of collective security Treaty. Discusses the approach to developing the Model law.

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Socialna Pedagogika (14082942) is the property of Socialna Pedagogika and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuestiones Políticas is the property of Revista Cuestiones Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. The reporting of the enterprise acts as the main source of information support and is compiled by performing special procedures for processing, grouping, calculating data and is formed at the final stage of the accounting process. Financial statements contain information on the results and results of the enterprise for the relevant reporting periods, forms an important basis for making management decisions. Methods. In preparing the article, a systematic research approach was used, which made it possible to assess the state of implementation of international financial reporting standards in domestic practice; the method of theoretical comparison to improve the directions of drawing up financial statements in accordance with international standards; the method of expert assessments - in the development of organizational regulations for the implementation of international financial reporting standards, as well as the method of concretization and formalization - to improve the system of legislative regulation for the preparation and presentation of consolidated financial statements. Results. This article analyzes the legislative regulation, the views of domestic scientists on the essence and features of the preparation and presentation of financial statements in accordance with international standards. The main organizational aspects, principles and norms of preparation of the main forms of consolidated financial statements by domestic enterprises are considered. The directions for improving the process of drawing up and presenting financial statements in accordance with the requirements of Ukrainian legislation and international standards have been determined. Perspectives. In the future, research on the development of the Ukrainian reporting practice of enterprises will consist in streamlining the normative documents governing the procedure for conducting accounting and preparing financial statements in accordance with international standards, in order to avoid contradictions and inconsistencies in accounting and reporting information on the results of activities of enterprises operating in the world market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article considers self-employment in Russia, which until recently has not been specifically addressed in neither the academic nor legislative fields. The article highlights the heterogeneity of self-employed individuals (who include independent entrepreneurs and people who are hired by others) and provides a brief history of the legislative regulation of self-employment in Russia over the past five years—from efforts to introduce work patents and launch a special registry of self-employed workers, to attempts at instituting a legal definition of self-employed workers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper proves the actuality of innovation, both in general and in education in particular. It is emphasized that the development of a significant number of technologies and relevant socio-pedagogical mechanisms of their implementation requires that you configure the appropriate organizational and regulatory systems that would properly regulate these processes. The analysis of the main normative-legal acts, which regulate public relations in innovation processes in educational sphere. It should be noted that by the Law of Ukraine "About Innovative Activity" pays very little attention to innovative activities in education. The implementation of a number of laws in the innovative sphere is actually stopped, primarily because of the lack of state target programs of forecasting of scientific-technical and innovation development of Ukraine. Certainly powerful and consistent Law of Ukraine "About Scientific and Scientific-Technical Activities", adopted in 2016, doesn’t work. The primary reason for this problem is the extremely low rate of implementation of this regulation. Extremely inhibited pace of implementation has the other critical educational Law "About Higher Education". And in the end it is noted that the current Law of Ukraine "About Education" the question of innovation is not paying attention to at all. In this regard, the draft law "About Education" is analyzed from the point of view of possibilities of regulation of innovative activity in the educational sphere and made the appropriate suggestions. The proposals regarding to the use of the legal science and practice innovation, all of which are properly organized and structured and scientifically based legislative activity, the result of which is the development, adoption and implementation of relevant legal norms, can significantly improve the nature of the legal regulation of social relations.

Copyright of Scientific Proceedings of Ostroh Academy National University Series, Economics is the property of National University of Ostroh Academy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of systems approach conception of legal regulation in the context of integrative jurisprudence. Today the mechanistic approach to legal regulation retains its popularity. However, the mechanistic approach fails to take into account all the diversity interlinkages, relations and processes occurring in the legal reality, the socio-psychological and informational aspects of the interaction of subjects. The legal regulation does not completely match the legislative mechanism of purposeful state influence, law making and the application of the law of different government bodies and officials. The article points out that the systems approach conception of legal regulation allows to overcome diagrammatic mechanism design stages of state normative regulation and to consider the legal regulation as a complex system of interrelated norms (legal establishment) and legal relationships, legal consciousness and legal principles during information transmission in jural relations, solve the complicated scientific and practical problems of legal regulation.