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BACKGROUND: Physical inactivity is associated with adverse health outcomes among Asian Americans, who exhibit the least adherence to physical activity guidelines compared with other racial and ethnic groups. Mobile app-based interventions are a promising approach to promote healthy behaviors. However, there is a lack of app-based interventions focused on improving physical activity among Asian Americans whose primary language is not English. OBJECTIVE: This pilot study aimed to assess the feasibility and acceptability of a 5-week intervention using a culturally and linguistically adapted, evidence-based mobile phone app with an accelerometer program, to promote physical activity among Chinese-, Tagalog-, or Vietnamese-speaking Americans. METHODS: Participants were recruited through collaborations with community-based organizations. The intervention was adapted from a 12-month physical activity randomized controlled trial involving the app and accelerometer for English-speaking adults. Sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and physical measurements were collected at the baseline visit. A 7-day run-in period was conducted to screen for the participants who could wear a Fitbit One (Fitbit LLC) accelerometer and complete the apps daily step diary. During the 4-week intervention period, participants wore the accelerometer and reported their daily steps in the app. Participants also received daily messages to reinforce key contents taught during an in-person educational session, remind them to input steps, and provide tailored feedback. Feasibility measures were the percentage of eligible participants completing the run-in period and the percentage of participants who used the app diary for at least 5 out of 7 days during the intervention period. We conducted poststudy participant interviews to explore overall intervention acceptability. RESULTS: A total of 19 participants were enrolled at the beginning of the study with a mean age of 47 (SD 13.3; range 29-70) years, and 58% (n=11) of them were female. Of the participants, 26% (n=5) were Chinese, 32% (n=6) were Vietnamese, and 42% (n=8) were Filipino. All participants met the run-in criteria to proceed with the intervention. Adherence to the app diary ranged from 74% (n=14) in week 2 to 95% (n=18) in week 4. The daily average steps per week from accelerometers increased each week from 8451 (SD 3378) steps during the run-in period to 10,930 (SD 4213) steps in week 4. Participants reported positive experiences including an increased motivation to walk and the enjoyment of being able to monitor their physical activity. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first pilot study of a multicomponent intervention and evidence-based mobile phone app to promote physical activity among Asian Americans who use apps in traditional Chinese, Tagalog, or Vietnamese, which demonstrated high feasibility and acceptability. Future work focused on multilingual mobile apps to address disparities in physical inactivity among Asian Americans should be considered.

The common assumption is that genetic information is built on a four-symbol alphabet, i.e., DNA nucleotides, the smallest meaningful blocks of genomes are codon triplets, and the record of genetic information does not contain any asserted symbols playing the role of the space. It is, however, well known that some nucleotides in some codons are redundant. Our study, therefore, tests the alternative scenario. As the same nucleotide may play various semiotic roles, the genomic alphabet actually contains seven semiotic symbols. Consequently, the meaningful fragments of genomes (words) can be of different sizes, and there are asserted symbols in the record of genomic information. If this is true, then, similarly to natural languages, the frequency-range of these genomic words should follow the power-law distribution. The presented hypothesis was tested, in comparison to competitive (codon-based and n-tuple) forms of tokenization, on a wide range of genomic texts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the pressing issue of "hate speech," a phenomenon that has garnered significant attention across various disciplines in recent years. In linguistics, the focus is particularly on (inter)cultural communication and the linguistic mechanisms through which hate speech manifests. The rise of digitalization and online platforms has amplified the reach and impact of hate speech, transforming it from a rare occurrence in spoken language to a widespread issue in public discourse, especially on social media. This has raised concerns about its effects on generations and their language use. The study examines the linguistic forms and differences in the expression of hate speech, analyzing it as an emotional response through selected online news in German and Albanian, as well as social media posts. The analysis is grounded in theories from cognitive linguistics and linguistic stylistics, aiming to uncover the expressive and stylistic potential of specific phrases within the context of verbal communication where hate speech is prevalent. By intertwining methods and theories from these fields, the research delves into the pragmatic function of hate speech as a genre, highlighting its dominant and evident presence in certain communicative contexts. The findings contribute to ongoing discussions in the humanities about the intersections of language, emotion, and the communication. By analyzing linguistic devices and mechanisms that foreground hate speech, the study seeks to deepen our understanding of negative emotions among people. It also emphasizes the importance of fostering a culture of empathy, respect, and inclusivity, where proper language and communication can mitigate the harmful effects of hate speech and promote the social-emotional well-being of everyone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, it will be shown that Genesis 3:16 parallels the Messianic prophecy of Genesis 3:15 with which it also shares significant linguistic links and literary features. From this literary observation, it will be established that the two key words "desire" and "rule" have a positive significance which is further supported by the literary and syntactical construction of the sentences. The positive understanding of Genesis 3:16 in the light of Genesis 3:15 will also be reinforced and illuminated by the comparative analysis with the parallel text of Genesis 4:7. Rather than proclaiming the tragic "curse" of the subordinated woman in her relationship with man, the connection of Genesis 3:16 with Genesis 3:15 brings a message of blessing in the perspective of redemption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: First, with real-life examples and current research, this study aims to demonstrate the existence of various forms of ostracism (linguistic, gender, social and workplace). Second, following the "need-threat model," this research addresses the previously unaddressed topic of coping with, reducing, mitigating or curbing workplace ostracism. Moreover, the researchers also proposed a "multiplying effect model" of ostracism. Design/methodology/approach: Data was gathered from 199 service sector employees. The NVivo software is used for the thematic analysis of qualitative data(suggestions) gathered using open ended question on how to mitigate/reduce/curb ostracism. Findings: The results generated were the suggestive measures, which were further categorized under three major themes: individual, society and organizational. The measures to reduce, mitigate and stop the practices of workplace ostracism can be initiated on all these three levels. Originality/value: This is the only study that addresses the subject of decreasing, alleviating or eliminating workplace ostracism and explains the compounding effect of ostracism by suggesting a multiplying effect model. The study will pique the interest of the government and legislators to propose legal measures to prevent ostracism and achieve sustainable development goals (gender equality and reduced inequalities. The study's practical, social, theoretical and managerial utility are discussed in the implications section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arabic language learning has a long history in Indonesia, starting from the 19th century. This article aimed to provide a comprehensive historical overview of the development of Arabic language learning in Indonesia from the 19th century to the 21st century. A qualitative approach and the historical review method with quasi descriptive research model were applied. This article examined the evolution of teaching methods, curriculum and media used in Arabic language learning. In this research, the primary sources were the official reports, curriculum, textbooks, journals, and historical records, as well as secondary sources such as academic literature and research publications. This article traced the shifts and transformations in Arabic language teaching practices in Indonesia. Through content analysis and historical interpretation, key milestones, trends and factors were identified which shaped the trajectory of Arabic language learning over the past three centuries. The findings revealed diverse influences, ranging from the traditional Islamic education system to modern learning models that keep up with the times. This article highlighted the unique challenges and adaptations that have characterized the development of Arabic language learning in Indonesia. By offering a historical perspective on the evolution of Arabic language learning methods and approaches, this article contributed to a deeper understanding of the current state of Arabic language education in Indonesia. The insights gained from this research could inform the future strategies and policies aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of Arabic language learning and preserving the nation's cultural and linguistic heritage.

This conceptual article explores the role of metaphor in navigating and bridging the diverse realms from an interdisciplinary context. Metaphor, as both a linguistic device and a cognitive mechanism, is a powerful tool for transcending disciplinary boundaries, facilitating the exchange of ideas, and fostering innovation in language. This article built the concepts underlying mechanisms through which metaphor enables the synthesis of knowledge from Linguistics, Literature, History, Archeology, and Culture. Furthermore, the article examines the implications of metaphor use in interdisciplinary contexts, including its potential to enhance collaboration, creativity, and problem-solving. This article contributes to a deeper understanding of knowledge integration and synthesis dynamics in today’s increasingly interconnected academic investigations. In linguistics, metaphor is a powerful tool for understanding abstract notions through verbal expression. Metaphor in literature enhances narrative and symbolism by adding layers of meaning and emotion to writings. In history, metaphor is a tool through which people perceive events and narratives, affecting historical discourse and collective memory. In archaeology, metaphor assists the interpretation of material culture and reconstructs the former cultures and their symbolic systems. Metaphors are essential in cultural communication because they shape cultural narratives, identity formation, and social understanding.

Translating the Holy Quran into different languages is a crucial task. It is a daunting one, given the linguistic complexity and rich cultural context of this holy scripture. The recent advancements in technology, especially in artificial intelligence, brought about a pressing need to explore the potential of machine learning-based tools in easing the translation of religious texts, the Holy Quran in particular. This study explores the potential of adopting ChatGPT, a large language model (LLM) powered by machine learning, in English Quranic translation. The study aims to assess the accuracy, adequacy, and cultural sensitivity of ChatGPT's English Quranic translation and identify potential challenges and limitations of using this tool in this domain. The study employed a comparative analysis approach, evaluating ChatGPT's translation of the El Fatiha Chapter against five humangenerated translations using BLEU (Bilingual Evaluation Understudy) and METEOR (Metric for Evaluation of Translation with Explicit ORdering) machine translation metrics. The study also utilized an interpretation of the chapter by El Qurtubi to ensure that ChatGPT has the entire linguistic and cultural context of the chapter. The study's findings indicated that ChatGPT's English translation of El Fatiha achieved a moderate level of accuracy and adequacy with mean BLEU and METEOR scores of 0,48 and 0,78, respectively. However, there were areas where ChatGPT's translation could be improved. The use of ML-based tools such as ChatGPT in English Quranic translation offers promising benefits as it can aid translators in the translation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Language disturbances are a core feature of schizophrenia, often studied as a formal thought disorder. The neurobiology of language in schizophrenia has been addressed within the same framework, that language and thought are equivalents considering symptoms and not signs. This review aims to systematically examine published peer-reviewed studies that employed neuroimaging techniques to investigate aberrant brain-language networks in individuals with schizophrenia in relation to linguistic signs. Methods: We employed a language model for automatic data extraction. We selected our studies according to the PRISMA recommendations, and we conducted the quality assessment of the selected studies according to the STROBE guidance. Results: We analyzed the findings from 37 studies, categorizing them based on patient characteristics, brain measures, and language task types. The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) exhibited the most significant differences among these studies and paradigms. Conclusions: We propose guidelines for future research in this field based on our analysis. It is crucial to investigate larger networks involved in language processing, and language models with brain metrics must be integrated to enhance our understanding of the relationship between language and brain abnormalities in schizophrenia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The scientific language in the field of anatomy and health sciences relies on a terminology that has been open to discussions and modifications. In Terminologia Anatomica, the term lengua comes from the Latin Lingua. However, there are also terms derived from the Greek lexemes glossa and glotta, both meaning 'tongue.' This establishes hyperonymy and synonymy among anatomical structures related to this sensory-muscular organ. The objective was to analyze the presence of the lexemes glossa - glotta in Terminologia Anatomica and review the definitions of terms containing these lexemes using the Diccionario Manual Griego-Español VOX and the Vocabulario Básico de Griego con anotaciones morfológicas y etimológicas. For Spanish etymology, the Diccionario panhispánico de términos médicos and the Diccionario Médico-Biológico, Histórico y Etimológico were used. The first use in Spanish was determined using the Corpus Diacrónico del Español. The studied lexemes were cited 15 times in Terminologia Anatomica, defined as 'tongue, mouth; speech, gift of speech; expression, manifestation, words; speech, tongue, language, idioma.' Some derived terms are also found, such as Ductus thyroglossalis, Epiglottis, Glottis, Ligamentum thyroepiglotticum, and Vallecula epiglottica. Therefore, these lexemes are considered synonymous. The lexeme glossa was first used in the medical field in 1870. The lexemes glossa and glotta are frequent in Terminologia Anatomica, raising questions about the use of double sigma in Ionic Greek and double tau in classical Attic Greek. Although synonymous, their abundance emphasizes the importance of mastering anatomical language for effective communication and precise understanding among students, professionals, and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COVID-19 resulted in political backlash, public dissatisfaction, and the need for principals to create spaces to foster communication, implement change, monitor dissatisfaction, and foster wellness. Using the concept of the third space, we explore the dialogic and linguistic spaces K-12 leaders created while navigating this crisis. Employing a phenomenological approach, we interviewed 17 principals from 2021–22 who found themselves creating third spaces for collaboration around issues of academics, mental-health, political backlash, and community distrust. Leaders experienced growth, embraced vulnerability, and emerged stronger. Implications illustrate that experiential learning in third spaces could enhance preparation programs as related to future crisis management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to the study of the value conflict, which has a verbal embodiment, and in some cases it is impossible to distinguish it from a communicative (verbal, linguistic) conflict. The purpose of the article is to study the verbal embodiment of value conflict in the categories of linguoecology. Modern media abound with information about conflicts and serve as a platform for the struggle of some values with others. Common communicative benefit is that, when verbalizing conflict, the techniques of rhetorical argumentation prevail over dysphemization and invectives. All of the above determines the relevance of the article. Different linguistic units used in media discourse are considered as representatives of the conflict. For the first time, the article describes the means of representing axiological marked conflict in media space, taking into consideration the linguistic and pragmatic potential of units of different levels and its representation in media texts of different genres. Such a description contributes to the formation of skills for confident recognition of not only value problematics, but also the means of its representation in media texts, and as a result, the skills and abilities to create relevant professional media texts, diagnose media texts causing and reflecting axiologically marked, significant for linguistic culture conflicts. The novelty also lies in the study of standard and substandard units, neutral and expressive, nominative and tropeic ones, in common media text space, which can also contribute and determine the media education result, for example in creating impactful vivid media texts with an updated pragmatic effect. Media education and media literacy are mutually complementary. Predicting the language unit conflictogenicity in the media and skills to avoid it increase media literacy which is necessary for protection against cyberbullying, online fraud and other types of Internet threats. The empirical material is traditional media texts of topical issues related to different genres, posted on the official websites of media. Not only traditional linguistic descriptions and class stratification, but also elements of contextual and transformational analysis have been chosen as research methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Learning Arabic requires a practical approach and theory to ensure the desired results. This research explores the theory presented by Ibn Khaldun, "Linguistic faculty theory," which integrates the Arabic language into the learner's core until it becomes second nature. This paper used qualitative research methods to collect and analyze data by reviewing the literature on the subject, such as magazines, books, and others. The results revealed that the entire theory can be summarized into three main stages: input, storage, and output. The process begins with listening to Arabic, followed by memorization and practice. Ibn Khaldun based his theory on the belief that language serves the primary purpose of communication. By following the stages correctly, learners can ensure that the received language is as sound and pure as the language being expressed. The study calls for the widespread adoption of this theory across educational institutions through reforming curricula and teaching methodologies and enhancing extracurricular activities and educational facilities. The integration of a strong, pure, and solid Arabic language culture should also be considered when designing the Arabic language program, in addition to providing opportunities and an environment to practice it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the trends in English language education (ELE) using a literature review from the 1960s to the 2020s as a research method. After reading the 1012 journal article abstracts, 210 articles emerged using the 37 keywords, which were supposed to embrace racial and linguistic equity. After multiple iterations of reading and open coding these abstracts, thirty-two articles were selected for the final analysis. One research question guided this study, "What were the emerging trends of PK-12 ELE in the USA in terms of equity and excellence from the 1960s to the 2020s?" Three phases were identified: Phase 1 (1968-1999) on remedial service; Phase 2 (2000-2007) on test accountability; and Phase 3 (2008-2020) on asset-based ELE. We integrated Feiman-Nemser's central tasks into the four themes: 1) gaining EBLs' funds of knowledge (FoK), 2) enacting EBLs' racial, linguistic, and cultural repertoires, 3) forming teacher beliefs, and 4) deepening knowledge of the curriculum. The findings revealed shifts in three phases under each theme: from assimilating to the target language and culture and devaluing EBLs' assets in Phase 1 to interweaving EBLs' FoK but with racialized attitude towards EBLs in Phase 2 and valuing EBLs' FoK as assets, seeing them as 'language architect', and integrating translanguaging and resisting raciolinguistic ideologies into ELE in Phase 3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The idea of probabilistic q-rung orthopair linguistic neutrosophic (P-QROLN) is one of the very few reliable tools in computational intelligence. This paper explores a significant breakthrough in nanotechnology, highlighting the introduction of nanoparticles with unique properties and applications that have transformed various industries. However, the complex nature of nanomaterials makes it challenging to select the most suitable nanoparticles for specific industrial needs. In this context, this research facilitate the evaluation of different nanoparticles in industrial applications. The proposed framework harnesses the power of neutrosophic logic to handle uncertainties and imprecise information inherent in nanoparticle selection. By integrating P-QROLN with AO, a comprehensive and flexible methodology is developed for assessing and ranking nanoparticles according to their suitability for specific industrial purposes. This research contributes to the advancement of nanoparticle selection techniques, offering industries a valuable tool for enhancing their product development processes and optimizing performance while minimizing risks. The effectiveness of the proposed framework are demonstrated through a real-world case study, highlighting its potential to revolutionize nanoparticle selection in HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) industry. Finally, this study is crucial to enhance nanoparticle selection in industries, offering a sophisticated framework probabilistic q-rung orthopair linguistic neutrosophic quantification with an aggregation operator to meet the increasing demand for precise and informed decision-making.

BackgroundWe examined whether digital phenotyping of spontaneous speech, such as the use of specific word categories during speech samples, was associated with depressive symptoms in youth who were at familial and clinical risk for mood disorders.MethodsParticipants (ages 13-19) had active mood symptoms, mood instability, and at least one parent with bipolar or major depressive disorder. During a randomized trial of family-focused therapy, participants were instructed to make weekly calls to a central voice server and leave speech samples in response to automated prompts. We coded youths' speech samples with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count system and used machine learning to identify the combination of speech features that were most closely associated with the course of depressive symptoms over 18 weeks.ResultsA total of 253 speech samples were collected from 44 adolescents (mean age = 15.8 years; SD = 1.6) over 18 weeks. Speech containing affective processes, social processes, drives toward risk or reward, nonfluencies, and time orientation words were correlated with depressive symptoms at concurrent time periods (ps

Writing against the backdrop of a complex postcolonial, multilingual scenario and discriminatory language policies of post-apartheid, independent South Africa, contemporary South African anglophone writers resort to appropriation and abrogation of English language by mixing marginalised languages to actualise their own linguistic identities. Sindiwe Magona has amalgamated her mother-tongue isiXhosa with the English language to counter the dominance of the English language and to question the language policies of both apartheid and post-apartheid South Africa. Specifically, in her autobiographical writings, To My Children's Children (1990) and Forced to Grow (1992), she has used code switching, translation and transliteration to relate the Xhosa culture and life. These works exemplify the process of a South African writer's linguistic struggle to reach a global audience and to enlighten them about the issues of linguistic discrimination in South Africa while writing in English. Applying the theory of translanguaging, this paper analyses Magona's autobiographies and aims to discuss how bilingual or multilingual writers gain their authority or linguistic competence in a lingua franca and create a dialogic space in their literary works that dismantles the hegemony of English. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive research shows that atypical actors who defy established contextual standards and norms are subject to skepticism and face a higher risk of rejection. Indeed, atypical actors combine features, behaviors, or products in unconventional ways, thereby generating confusion and instilling doubts about their legitimacy. Nevertheless, atypicality is often viewed as a precursor to sociocultural innovation and a strategy to expand the capacity to deliver valued goods and services. Contextualizing the conditions under which atypicality is celebrated or punished has been a significant theoretical challenge for organizational scholars interested in reconciling this tension. Thus far, scholars have focused primarily on audience-related factors or actors' characteristics (e.g., status and reputation). Here, we explore how atypical actors can leverage linguistic features of their narratives to counteract evaluative discounts by analyzing a unique collection of 78,758 narratives from crafters on Etsy, the largest digital marketplace for handmade items. Marrying processing fluency theory with linguistics literature and relying on a combination of topic modeling, automated textual analysis, and econometrics, we show that categorically atypical producers who make more use of abstraction, cohesive cues, and conventional topics in their narratives are more likely to overcome the evaluative discounts they would ordinarily experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The detection and characterization of speech changes may help in the identification and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases. However, there is limited research validating the relationship between speech changes and clinical symptoms across a wide range of neurodegenerative diseases. Method: We analyzed speech recordings from 109 patients who were diagnosed with various neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal Dementia, and Vascular Cognitive Impairment, in a cognitive neurology memory clinic. Speech recordings of an open-ended picture description task were processed using the Winterlight speech analysis platform which generates >500 speech features, including the acoustics of speech and linguistic properties of spoken language. We investigated the relationship between the speech features and clinical assessments including the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mattis Dementia Rating Scale (DRS), Western Aphasia Battery (WAB), and Boston Naming Task (BNT) in a heterogeneous patient population. Result: Linguistic features including lexical and syntactic features were significantly correlated with clinical assessments in patients, across diagnoses. Lower MMSE and DRS scores were associated with the use of shorter words and fewer prepositional phrases. Increased impairment on WAB and BNT was correlated with the use of fewer nouns but more pronouns. Patients also differed from healthy adults as their speech duration was significantly shorter with more pauses. Conclusion: Linguistic changes such as the use of simpler vocabularies and syntax were detectable in patients with different neurodegenerative diseases and correlated with cognitive decline. Speech has the potential to be a sensitive measure for detecting cognitive impairments across various neurodegenerative diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Word problems continue to be a challenge for students today. All students must meet the prerequisites for problem solving and reasoning skills, which are important components of the critical thinking component of 21st century skills. This study is being conducted to assess students' strategies for solving word problems with numbers, consecutives, and ages. The Rasch model is used to analyze the item difficulty level of word problems and students' strategies for solving ten-word problems at various levels of item difficulty in a similar trait. Then, Pearson correlation analysis is used to investigate the item difficulty level in relation to linguistic, algebraic, and arithmetic factors of word problems before evaluating students' performance on solving these word problems using various strategies. Rasch model found these algebraic word-problem questions are slightly harder for year 8 Malaysian students in relative to an international standard. Meanwhile, the item difficulty of word problems is driven by linguistic and algebra factors where students can score accurately if the word problems contained explicit information. However, the students encountered difficulties while losing their solution strategy when the questions contained implicit data that demanded critical thinking ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The present study is the introduction and textual analysis of a manuscript called the Divan of Bolbol-e Gilani, written in the 9th century AH. It is manuscript number 86 in the library of Istanbul University which has not been introduced or edited so far. The main goal of this research is to introduce and review this manuscript and express its main linguistic, literary, and intellectual features. The research method is descriptive analysis based on field and library studies and in-text evidence. There is no information about this poet in literary and historical sources and Bolbol remains unknown even among the people of Gilan. He is a poet from the middle class and lacks style, having experimented with the forms of masnavi, qasida, ghazal, and qet'a. Bolbol follows the Khorasani style in qasida and the Iraqi style in ghazal. The manuscript consists of 107 pages and 3078 verses and does not have the scribe's signature, name, or information; moreover, the time of writing is not available, but the text shows that the scribe did not have enough precision in copying: several typographical errors are seen in his manuscript. The main themes of the Divan are the praise of the local rulers of Gilan and the description of its land and beauty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social and emotional growth of young children is significant for fostering empathy, communication, and social interaction. However, education in schools often ignores the linguistic and cultural components around children, thereby hampering the development of some parts of their social-emotional relationships. The ngumbai lawok tradition is one of the cultures of Lampung's coastal communities in appreciating marine products which can be integrated with language to improve children's social and emotional development using image media. This research aims to find out how early childhood learning that combines Ngumbai Lawok language and culture using image media can influence the formation of social and emotional relationships in early childhood. This research methodology is an action research design that combines qualitative and quantitative techniques. The research subjects are children aged 3-6 years at the early childhood education institution in Batanghari sub-district, East Lampung. Data is collected through observations, instructor interviews, questionnaires, documentation to measure children's social and emotional growth, and records of social-emotional development activities. Data analysis includes quantitative and qualitative to compare changes in children's social and emotional development before and after intervention. Research shows that the Numbai Lawok language and culture combined with image media can improve children's ability to interact socially and emotionally. The use of image media helps children understand the cultural concepts of Numbai Lawok and stimulates their language development, and children show improvements in aspects of cooperation, empathy, and communication. This research concludes that the integration of local culture and language with visual media is effective in improving the social emotional skills of young children.

BackgroundLanguage disturbances are a core feature of schizophrenia, often studied as a formal thought disorder. The neurobiology of language in schizophrenia has been addressed within the same framework, that language and thought are equivalents considering symptoms and not signs. This review aims to systematically examine published peer-reviewed studies that employed neuroimaging techniques to investigate aberrant brain-language networks in individuals with schizophrenia in relation to linguistic signs.MethodsWe employed a language model for automatic data extraction. We selected our studies according to the PRISMA recommendations, and we conducted the quality assessment of the selected studies according to the STROBE guidance.ResultsWe analyzed the findings from 37 studies, categorizing them based on patient characteristics, brain measures, and language task types. The inferior frontal gyrus (IFG) and superior temporal gyrus (STG) exhibited the most significant differences among these studies and paradigms.ConclusionsWe propose guidelines for future research in this field based on our analysis. It is crucial to investigate larger networks involved in language processing, and language models with brain metrics must be integrated to enhance our understanding of the relationship between language and brain abnormalities in schizophrenia

The Ukrainian-Russian relationship is examined in this paper amid Ukraineâs identity crisis, focusing on the historical trajectory, promotion of the Ukrainian language, and implications of continuous use of the Russian language in Ukraine. A thorough but careful look at the linguistic contact history reveals crisis sources influenced by Ukraineâs geography and politics. Russian dominance, especially in the Soviet era, eroded Ukrainian language and identity, sparking debates on linguistic, social, and political implications. The impact of Russian on Ukrainian identity raises concerns about cultural preservation. Recent efforts prioritise Ukrainian language promotion to revive identity, addressing tensions from linguistic differences. Language becomes a geopolitical tool, amplifying the identity crisis. The political and social consequences of language choice are creating divisions in Ukrainian society today. This article concludes by emphasising the need to address the identity crisis in Ukraine through fostering linguistic diversity, inclusivity, and respect for both Russian and Ukrainian languages.

Evaluation represents a crucial and indispensable element in the context of the language problem. It is the result of a series of educational activities that highlight the language teaching skills of the teacher in creating meaningful assessment moments for the student’s progress. Based on these premises, the contribution will focus on the importance of defining pedagogical objectives and goals for evaluation, which can be verified through appropriate methodologies and tools.

In the historical sciences for some time there has been a tendency to describe the history of the Polish peasantry through his eyes. Thanks to this approach, not only purely historical accounts gain importance, but also literary testimonies. One of them is the novel by the peasant writer and poet Franciszek Beciński, The Village on the Bend of the Road, presenting a wide, colorful panorama of life in the Kuyavian countryside at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries and representing the peasant's point of view. According to the ethnolinguistic concept of profiling, the capacity of the concept of LUD (folk, people) was presented by means of various linguistic, cultural and social oppositions. In Beciński's works, the oppositions of village and manor, folk and church, religiosity and ludic character, women and men are particularly visible. The analysis within the described profiles allows us to draw the conclusion that the history of the Kuyavian village at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries cannot be captured only from the perspective of the violence of the lord over the peasant, and social relations, both within the village itself and between the village and the manor house, were here much more complicated.

The common assumption is that genetic information is built on a four-symbol alphabet, i.e., DNA nucleotides, the smallest meaningful blocks of genomes are codon triplets, and the record of genetic information does not contain any asserted symbols playing the role of the space. It is, however, well known that some nucleotides in some codons are redundant. Our study, therefore, tests the alternative scenario. As the same nucleotide may play various semiotic roles, the genomic alphabet actually contains seven semiotic symbols. Consequently, the meaningful fragments of genomes (words) can be of different sizes, and there are asserted symbols in the record of genomic information. If this is true, then, similarly to natural languages, the frequency-range of these genomic words should follow the power-law distribution. The presented hypothesis was tested, in comparison to competitive (codon-based and n-tuple) forms of tokenization, on a wide range of genomic texts.

In this paper, it will be shown that Genesis 3:16 parallels the Messianic prophecy of Genesis 3:15 with which it also shares significant linguistic links and literary features. From this literary observation, it will be established that the two key words “desire” and “rule” have a positive significance which is further supported by the literary and syntactical construction of the sentences. The positive understanding of Genesis 3:16 in the light of Genesis 3:15 will also be reinforced and illuminated by the comparative analysis with the parallel text of Genesis 4:7. Rather than proclaiming the tragic “curse” of the subordinated woman in her relationship with man, the connection of Genesis 3:16 with Genesis 3:15 brings a message of blessing in the perspective of redemption.

The review of previous studies on the Iban language still needs to be carried out more systematically. This is because many past researchers focused only on descriptive data, especially when conducting analyses of past surveys. The study of this language focuses on the research from previous studies on the use and practice of the Iban language. This study was conducted to strengthen the use and practice of research in the Iban language. The literature review includes aspects of literature and culture that refer to history and beliefs. Next, from the educational aspect, focus on the problem of the lack of Iban language teachers and the level of pedagogical knowledge of Iban language teachers. In addition, the previous survey looked at linguistic aspects such as the writing system of the Iban language, the vocabulary of the Iban language, and the basis of sentence formation in the Iban language. In this study, the researcher used search methods such as Scopus, Web of Science (WOS), Google Scholar, and My Cite by using systematic analysis. The findings of the study show that past researchers have researched more aspects of literature and culture than aspects of education and linguistics. Findings also show that the methods used by past researchers are not detailed. The results of this systematic survey show that articles in the Iban language are more commonly published in indexed databases such as Google Scholar and My Cite. The effect of this result can allow the researcher to fill the empty space that has been left by previous researchers in the study of the Iban language. With that, the researcher can make a major contribution to this study, especially a systematic survey, while also being able to preserve the use and practice of the Iban language in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis research paper investigates the impact of language barriers on help-seeking behaviors among Black immigrants, with a focus on their experiences in various domains, including accessing and utilizing domestic violence services. The research engages ten service providers, including frontline workers from domestic violence agencies. The study adopts a qualitative approach, incorporating interviews and focus groups, to comprehensively explore the complexities of language barriers and Black immigrant help-seeking behaviors through service providers’ perspectives. The qualitative findings reveal that language proficiency plays a pivotal role in shaping the help-seeking behaviors of Black immigrants. Participants with limited language skills expressed challenges in articulating their needs, understanding available resources, and navigating different service systems. Moreover, cultural stigmatization surrounding help-seeking in certain communities further discourages Black immigrants from accessing support services, contributing to underutilization. The research highlights the importance of culturally sensitive service provision and the need for social work practitioners to receive training in cultural competence. Bridging the linguistic divide and creating inclusive service delivery models are crucial steps toward providing equitable access to support resources for Black immigrants. Furthermore, the study calls for future research to explore effective interventions and strategies to overcome language barriers and encourage help-seeking behaviors in this vulnerable population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to increase knowledge and insight into the language of power in law enforcement. Media is a means of communication to convey a message or opinion to a large audience. The language commonly used in the media often looks a little impolite or even tends to be rude. It seems that people pay less attention to the language used, hence they are not aware that their words or writing may be demanded by other readers. In this research, a qualitative descriptive method is used semantically, because the writer focuses on researching the meanings of the language used. In this case, what is meant by focusing on the meaning of research is that this research will interpret the data one by one to get the results of the research. Research data is limited to one source, namely the Novel (Dari Balik Lima Jeruji). This research is forensic linguistic research and was analyzed combining two ways, namely linguistically and legally. Linguistic analysis in this study is only limited semantically, while legal analysis uses the law. The results of this study show that there is an abuse of the language of power by law enforcement officials in upholding the law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nepal has been a diverse society since ancient times, with ethnic communities maintaining identity based on specific locations. In ancient and medieval periods, central rulers appointed feudal leaders in different parts of the country due to transportation challenges. These provincial rulers governed, and collected revenue, forming a historical basis for the current provincial state. Post-Unification, ruling power was centralized to the king, and the concept of decentralization developed with the People's Movement 2006. This study was conducted to investigate the historical origins and context of federalism in Nepal. The study found that the present federal system in the constitution reflects ancient and medieval provincial governance, adapting to contemporary needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Ukrainian-Russian relationship is examined in this paper amid Ukraine's identity crisis, focusing on the historical trajectory, promotion of the Ukrainian language, and implications of continuous use of the Russian language in Ukraine. A thorough but careful look at the linguistic contact history reveals crisis sources influenced by Ukraine's geography and politics. Russian dominance, especially in the Soviet era, eroded Ukrainian language and identity, sparking debates on linguistic, social, and political implications. The impact of Russian on Ukrainian identity raises concerns about cultural preservation. Recent efforts prioritise Ukrainian language promotion to revive identity, addressing tensions from linguistic differences. Language becomes a geopolitical tool, amplifying the identity crisis. The political and social consequences of language choice are creating divisions in Ukrainian society today. This article concludes by emphasising the need to address the identity crisis in Ukraine through fostering linguistic diversity, inclusivity, and respect for both Russian and Ukrainian languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide. Journalistic reporting guidelines were created to curb the impact of unsafe reporting; however, how suicide is framed in news reports may differ by important characteristics such as the circumstances and the decedent's gender. Objective: This study aimed to examine the degree to which news media reports of suicides are framed using stigmatized or glorified language and differences in such framing by gender and circumstance of suicide. Methods: We analyzed 200 news articles regarding suicides and applied the validated Stigma of Suicide Scale to identify stigmatized and glorified language. We assessed linguistic similarity with 2 widely used metrics, cosine similarity and mutual information scores, using a machine learning--based large language model. Results: News reports of male suicides were framed more similarly to stigmatizing (P<.001) and glorifying (P=.005) language than reports of female suicides. Considering the circumstances of suicide, mutual information scores indicated that differences in the use of stigmatizing or glorifying language by gender were most pronounced for articles attributing legal (0.155), relationship (0.268), or mental health problems (0.251) as the cause. Conclusions: Linguistic differences, by gender, in stigmatizing or glorifying language when reporting suicide may exacerbate suicide disparities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study dwells on some selected linguistic devices of syntactic variation known as word order between Arabic and English language. This is because the two languages under the study have a lot of functions in Nigeria and the globe at large. Some of these include: language of instruction, commerce, official and personal, national and international and many more. Based on this relevancy, this paper sees the need to offer a syntactic baseline between Arabic and English with emphasis on word order. The researchers use some sentences of Arabic and English from already existing literature which showcase that there is word order variation in some structural configurations. The method used for data collection is secondary as a result of scouting information from text books, journals and internet. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the syntactic variation of word order between Arabic and English language to add value to the existing knowledge in field of linguistics. The outcomes of this study demonstrate that the linguistic elements such as Subject, Predicator (Verb) and Object are mostly differ. This is as a result of the Arabic has VSO while English has SVO. Therefore, the two languages prove to have different syntactic environment for both Subject and Predicator but share only Object position as a syntactic environment according to this finding. So, the word order between the two languages could argue to be different. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Speech emotion recognition can be experimentally tested in native and nonnative languages, as the mechanisms involved would differ across these languages. The recognition of speech in the native language is mediated through the language, and in nonnative languages, speech emotion recognition is facilitated through affective prosody. Linguistic prosody is anchored by the left hemisphere, whereas the right hemisphere coordinates the right hemisphere. The current study was carried out with the aim of testing speech emotion recognition in native and nonnative speakers with the motive of assessing the basic role of language in mediating prosody. Methods: The study was carried out on native and nonnative speakers of Malayalam, Assamese, and Bengali. Fifteen sentences (5 declarative, 5 interrogative, and 5 exclamatory) were recorded from native speakers of the aforementioned languages; these sentences were played to native speakers and nonnative speakers of a given language. For instance, the sentences in Malayalam were played to native speakers of Malayalam and nonnative speakers (speakers of Assamese and Bengali). The response sheet had three smileys, and the participants were asked to mark the appropriate smiley after listening to the sentences. Each correct response was given a score of 1, whereas an incorrect response was given a score of 0. Results: The native speakers of Malayalam, Assamese, and Bengali secured scores of 13.14 and 15 in their native languages, respectively. In the nonnative language, the participants secured scores in the range of 2-5. The Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference between the native and nonnative languages. The results depicted that the native speakers of a language were able to identify the speech emotions easily, whereas they had difficulty identifying the sentences in the other two languages. The same trend was observed for speakers of Malayalam, Assamese, and Bengali. This showed that speech emotion recognition was linguistically driven. Conclusions: The results highlight that the prosody is more linguistically driven as the performance in the native language was better than in nonnative languages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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