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Background: The purpose of this study is to determine the variations in the prevalence of self-reported asthma among the adult population in the United States of America (USA), analyzing demographic characteristics, physical indicators, living habits, and sarcopenia. Methods: 10,566 participants from the 2009 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) of the USA who were 20 years of age or older and not pregnant were included in the study. Results: The prevalence of patients with asthma varies by age, gender, and race. The weighted prevalence is 15.5%, estimated to represent 19.36 million people in the USA (95% CI, 14.5% to 16.6%). The prevalence of self-reported asthma decreases with age, with the highest prevalence among young adults aged 20–25 for both males and females. Females were also more susceptible to asthma compared to males. The increase in asthma prevalence attributed to smoking was most pronounced among African American and Caucasian participants (p < 0.05), while its effect on Mexican American and Asian participants was relatively minor. Notably, the prevalence of asthma was significantly higher in African American and Caucasian participants with sarcopenia compared to those without sarcopenia. Conclusions: The prevalence of asthma is associated to varying degrees with factors such as age, gender, smoking, and the presence of sarcopenia. The elevated prevalence of asthma among young people and females warrants attention. Intensifying efforts toward smoking cessation and the scientific management of sarcopenia could be instrumental in reducing the incidence of asthma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Dermatovenereology is the property of Xi'an Jiaotong University Periodicals Center and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To investigate the association between living habits and depressive symptoms among the elderly population in China. Methods: A total of 8 543 elderly individuals with an age of 60 years or above who were included in the 2020 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) report were enrolled as subjects. The 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was used to assess depressive symptoms, and five living habits (smoking, alcohol consumption, exercise, social interaction, and nighttime sleep) were extracted as independent variables. The chi-square test was used for univariate analysis, and then a multiple linear regression analysis was used to investigate the association between living habits and depression with depression score as the dependent variable. Results: Among the 8543 subjects, 3470 (40.62%) exhibited depressive symptoms. The multivariate analysis showed that smoking, never drinking alcohol (95% CI= 0.290-0.875, P<0.001), nighttime sleep for <6 hours (95% CI=1.655-2.261, P< 0.001), and a lack of exercise (95% CI=0.126-0.597, P=0.003) were risk factors for depression. On the contrary, smoking cessation (95% CI= -0.657-0.067, P=0.110), never smoking (95% CI=-0.695-0.006, P=0.054), good sleep (7-8 hours) (95% CI=-0.495-0.160, P=0.054), drinking less than once a month (95% CI=-0.085-0.829, P=0.110), and social behavior (95% CI=-0.454-0.006, P=0.056) were protective factors against depression. Conclusion: Compared with genetic factors, the intervention for living habits provide practical pathways for the prevention of depression in the elderly. Healthy living habits, such as smoking cessation, regular exercise, moderate social engagement, and sufficient sleep, are effective ways to reduce the risk of depressive symptoms. Future studies are needed to explore the long-term impacts of these factors and consider broader social, psychological, and physiological aspects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the influence of lifestyle habits on health self-assessments among elderly rural men and the effect of age on the strength of the impact to provide a basis for targeted health improvement in this population. Data from the 2018 Chinese longitudinal healthy longevity survey were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance, regression analysis, and Shapley value decomposition tests. The model analysis results showed that elderly rural men who did not drink alcohol or were moderate drinkers, maintained regular sleep patterns, exercised regularly, and had active social interactions had better health self-assessment results (p < 0.01). Notably, the impact of lifestyle habits on health perceptions varied with age. Specifically, the influence of alcohol consumption and sleep duration decreased with age, while the benefits of physical activity and social engagement became more pronounced. These results suggest that lifestyle habits significantly impact the health self-assessments of elderly rural men, with notable variations observed in the strength of these effects across different ages. To improve the overall health of elderly rural men, alcohol cessation interventions should be implemented as early as possible, attention should be paid to the sleep habits of young male seniors, and low-intensity group exercise and social activities should be actively organized for older male seniors.

Microplastics (MPs) have been detected in placenta and amniotic fluid, but there is no research on whether MPs exist in the other two fetal appendages: fetal membrane and umbilical cord. Additionally, the existence of MPs in umbilical vein blood remains unexplored. Furthermore, it is unclear whether MPs in maternal blood are associated with those in umbilical vein blood and fetal appendages. In this study, we selected 12 full-term pregnant people who delivered by cesarean section, and finally detected 16 kinds of MPs from maternal blood, fetal appendages, and umbilical vein blood by laser direct infrared (LDIR). Polyamide accounted for the highest proportion in the six kinds of samples, followed by Polyurethane. The total MPs median abundance in six kinds of samples were umbilical cord, maternal blood, fetal membrane, amniotic fluid, placenta and umbilical vein blood from high to low, and the specific values were 10.397 particles/g, 8.176 particles/g, 6.561 particles/g, 4.795 particles/g, 4.675 particles/g, and 2.726 particles/g respectively. Moreover, more than 90 % of MPs measured between 20 and 100 μm in diameter. We also found that MPs abundance in amniotic fluid increased with the increase of maternal age (R=0.64, p=0.025) and body mass index before pregnancy (r = 0.59, p= 0.049). However, no statistically significant association was found between lifestyle factors and MPs abundance. Future studies should aim to expand the sample size for further investigation.

Objective To investigate the test situation of pulmonary nodules among health examination population in a certain area and analyze its relationship with lifestyle and dietary habits. Methods A study was conducted on 10 580 individuals who underwent health examinations at the health management center of The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University from June 2022 to June 2023, regardless of occupation. All health examines underwent low-dose spiral computed tomography (LDCT) lung examination to screen for pulmonary nodule patients, the detection rate and imaging characteristics of pulmonary nodules were analyzed, and a questionnaire survey on their lifestyle and dietary habits was conducted, the relationship between the detection rate of pulmonary nodules and lifestyle and dietary habits were analyzed. Results A total of 2 054 positive cases of pulmonary nodules were detected among 10 580 healthy individuals, with a detection rate of 19.41%. Among them, 320 cases were of type 1 nodules (3.02%), 1 425 cases were of type 2 nodules (13.47%), 218 cases were of type 3 nodules (2.06%), and 91 cases were of type 4 nodules (0.86%). There was a statistically significant difference in the classification of Lung RANDS for positive pulmonary nodules of different densities and sizes (P < 0.05). There were statistically significant differences in the detection rate of pulmonary nodules among healthy individuals of different ages, genders, occupational environments, smoking habits, participation in physical exercise, and dietary habits (whether you have the habit of eating breakfast, whether you eat a high-oil diet, whether you eat fried products and the combination of meat and vegetables) . Multivariate logistic regression results showed that males (OR = 2.143, 95% CI: 1.151-3. 9880), smokers (OR = 2.234, 95% CI: 1.435-3.480), aged over 40 years old (OR = 1.451, 95% CI: 1.031-2.040), not participating in physical exercise (OR = 1.582, 95% CI: 1.157-2.165), and no habit of eating breakfast (OR = 1.404, 95% CI: 1.036-1.902), high oil diet (OR = 1.409, 95% CI: 1.073-1.850) and eat fried products (OR = 1.795, 95% CI: 1.269-2.539) were independent risk factors for pulmonary nodules in healthy individuals in this region (P < 0.05) . Conclusion The detection rate of pulmonary nodules in the health examination population in Luzhou region is relatively high, and related lifestyle and dietary habits may affect the occurrence of pulmonary nodules. It is recommended to actively carry out LDCT for people over 40 years old in this area, focusing on high-risk groups who smoke, do not participate in physical exercise, have habits of not eating breakfast, high oil diet and eating fried products. Early detection and management of high-risk pulmonary nodules can reduce the risk of lung cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although smart home services have been acknowledged to promote environmental protection, few studies have explored the willingness of consumers to adopt eco-friendly smart home services. This study aims to investigate the influencing factors that affect Chinese consumers' intention to adopt eco-friendly smart home services. The theory of planned behavior is used as the basic theoretical background and is further extended by adding the constructs of environmental knowledge, ambiguity tolerance, compatibility, and living habits. Data were collected from 629 respondents in China through a self-administered questionnaire survey and analyzed by structural equation modeling. Results indicate that attitude and perceived behavioral control have positive and significant effects on consumers' intention toward adopting eco-friendly smart home services, whereas subjective norm does not have any effect. Moreover, environmental knowledge, ambiguity tolerance, compatibility significantly and positively affect consumer intention toward eco-friendly smart home services. Living habits have a negative effect on consumers' intention under eco-friendly smart home services context. The implications for promoting the popularization of smart home services are discussed to motivate consumers to adopt eco-friendly smart home services on the basis of empirical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual surveillance methods help identify subtle health risks that may be overlooked in room surveillance. This study aims to investigate campus environmental health issues by tracking university students' daily exposure processes in their living environment. A field survey was conducted among 58 students at a university in northern China. They were equipped with a "companion data collection device" to record exposure experiences and activity pathways related to light, heat, and air environments. A questionnaire was also administered. Morning exposure to adequate light (Circadian Stimulus ≥ 0.3) increased alertness, but only 57% of undergraduates met this standard, and 67% of those waking up after 8 AM experienced this. People with different preferences chose diverse dining spots, and those favoring "roasted," "stir-fried," and "deep-fried" foods encountered higher PM2.5 pollution concentrations during meals. During periods of central heating, there is a trade-off between ventilation and heating efficiency. "Slightly open window" for bedroom ventilation at night resulted in a slight temperature decrease of about 1.2 °C but effectively controlled the increase in CO2 concentrations (about 180 ppm). Companion-type data collection shifts focus from buildings to individuals, providing the means and basis for identifying potential health risks in daily campus life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objectives] The paper was to observe the life history and living habits of Scopula subpunctaria in Shandong tea region. [Methods] The occurrence period and duration of each insect state, as well as duration of each instar larvae in various generations were investigated and statistically analyzed. [Results] There were 6 generations of S. subpunctaria per year in Shandong tea region. Different from southern tea region, S. subpunctaria survived the winter as pupae and larvae in tea trees in Shandong, and the duration of overwintering eggs was greatly affected by temperature. The generations of S. subpunctaria overlapped seriously. [Conclusions] The results provide a basis for the comprehensive treatment of S. subpunctaria in Shandong tea region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Natural Science Edition is the property of Journal of Xinyang Normal University Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Petri KM Purola,1,2 Janika E Nättinen,1 Matti UI Ojamo,2 Harri A Rissanen,3 Mika Gissler,4– 6 Seppo VP Koskinen,3 Hannu MT Uusitalo1,2,7 1Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; 2Finnish Register of Visual Impairment, Finnish Federation of the Visually Impaired, Helsinki, Finland; 3Information Services Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; 4Department of Knowledge Brokers, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland; 5Region Stockholm, Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Stockholm, Sweden; 6Karolinska Institute, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Stockholm, Sweden; 7Tays Eye Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, FinlandCorrespondence: Petri KM Purola, Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland, Tel/Fax +358 400 695309, Email petri.purola@tuni.fiPurpose: To assess the impact of cataract in ageing population by evaluating the prevalence, incidence, and background factors of cataract and cataract surgery.Patients and Methods: Two health examination surveys representing Finnish population in 2000 and 2011 included 7380 and 5930 participants aged 30 years or older with cataract status known. An 11-year follow-up included 4840 persons who participated in both the surveys. The data include information on physician-made diagnoses, socio-demographic factors, and lifestyle factors based on self-reported assessment. Cataract diagnoses and surgeries recorded in the Finnish Care Register for Health Care were linked to the survey data. Cataract patients were compared to those without cataract using logistic regression. Differences in cataract surgery age were evaluated using linear regression. Univariable and multivariable models were included.Results: During 2000– 2011, the prevalence of cataract increased from 8.8% to 13.6% and cataract surgery from 5.7% to 8.9% in a representative sample of the Finnish adult population. Cataract and cataract surgery were associated with age, smoking, and high alcohol consumption. Cataract was also associated with female gender and low income in 2000, but this association declined during the 11 years. Smoking and high alcohol consumption were associated with younger surgery age.Conclusion: The prevalence of cataract and cataract surgery is increasing with the ageing of the population. The increase in cataract surgery is likely also reflecting the improvements in eye care. The possibility to equally use health-care services throughout a country can reduce the impact of socio-demographic status. Healthy lifestyle delays the development of cataract, whereas smoking and high alcohol consumption are associated with earlier cataract development. Therefore, the availability of cataract services and promotion of healthy lifestyle will be the key to prevent the detrimental effects of cataract on patients and the society in countries where the population is rapidly ageing.Keywords: operated cataract, operation age, population study, smoking, alcohol consumption, living habits

Objective: To determine differences in DM in the U.S. population according to demographic characteristics, physical indicators and living habits. Methods: 23 546 participants in the 2009 to 2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) who were 20 year of age or older and not pregnant. All analyses used weighted samples and considered the stratification and clustering of the design. Specific indicators include length of leg (cm), BMI (kg/cm²), TCHOL (mg/dL), fasting plasma glucose (mg/dL) and comparison of means and the proportion of participants with DM. Results: The prevalence of DM in the USA has been rising modestly in the past decade, and were consistent and robust for the observed differences in age, sex, and ethnicity. Compared with white participants, black participants and Mexican-American were both more likely (P<0.001) to have diabetes: 14.6% (CI, 13.6% to 15.6%) among black participants, 10.6% (CI, 9.9% to 11.3%) among white participants, and 13.5% (CI, 11.9% to 15.2%) among Mexican-American participants. The prevalence of diabetes is increasing with age, males peaked around the 60s, and women around the 70s. The overall mean leg length and TCHOL was lower in diabetics than in non-diabetics (1.07 cm, 18.67 mg/dL, respectively), while mean BMI were higher in diabetics than in non-diabetics (4.27 kg/cm2). DM had the greatest effect on decline of TCHOL in white participants (23.6 mg/dL), less of an effect in black participants (9.67 mg/dL), and the least effect in Mexican-American participants (8.25 mg/dL). Notably, smoking had great effect on percent increment of DM in whites (0.2%), and have little effect on black and Mexican-Americans. Conclusions: DM is more common in the general population than might be clinically recognized, and the prevalence of DM was associated to varying degrees with many indicators of demographic characteristics, physical indicators, and living habits. These indicators should be linked with medical resource allocation and scientific treatment methods to comprehensively implement the treatment of DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual surveillance methods help identify subtle health risks that may be overlooked in room surveillance. This study aims to investigate campus environmental health issues by tracking university students’ daily exposure processes in their living environment. A field survey was conducted among 58 students at a university in northern China. They were equipped with a “companion data collection device” to record exposure experiences and activity pathways related to light, heat, and air environments. A questionnaire was also administered. Morning exposure to adequate light (Circadian Stimulus ≥ 0.3) increased alertness, but only 57% of undergraduates met this standard, and 67% of those waking up after 8 AM experienced this. People with different preferences chose diverse dining spots, and those favoring “roasted,” “stir-fried,” and “deep-fried” foods encountered higher PM2.5 pollution concentrations during meals. During periods of central heating, there is a trade-off between ventilation and heating efficiency. “Slightly open window” for bedroom ventilation at night resulted in a slight temperature decrease of about 1.2 °C but effectively controlled the increase in CO2 concentrations (about 180 ppm). Companion-type data collection shifts focus from buildings to individuals, providing the means and basis for identifying potential health risks in daily campus life.

Objective: To investigate the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in Chengdu, identify the risk factors for the development of HCC in Chengdu and provide a reference for the prevention of HCC. Patients and methods: The study population was recruited from Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China. The study group recruited volunteers in Chengdu from 2007 to 2012, conducted a baseline survey, and subsequently conducted long-term follow-up until December 31, 2019. A total of 22,525 study subjects were enrolled, excluding those who reported a previous history of liver disease, malignancy, and HCC within three months of enrollment. Cox proportional risk regression models were used to screen and determine the various risk factors and their hazard ratios (HR) for HCC in Chengdu, as well as to determine whether the association between other risk factors and HCC was modified by gender. Results: The study population had a median follow-up of 5.35 years, and a total of 142 people developed HCC, with an incidence rate of 0.71%. Analysis of the multifactorial Cox proportional risk regression model showed that age (age 10 years for 1 group, HR= 1.98, 95% CI: 1.86-2.11, p<0.001), current smoking (HR= 1.25, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31, p=0.031), weekly consumption of pickled vegetables (HR= 1.70, 95% CI: 1.49-1.81, p=0.003) and consumption of pickled vegetables daily (HR= 1.36, 95% CI: 1.21-1.42, p=0.021) were risk factors for HCC, and women (HR= 0.39, 95% CI: 0.28-0.55, p=0.002) and the use of air conditioning (10 years for 1 group, HR= 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68-0.83, p=0.002) were protective factors against HCC. Further analysis revealed that the association between length of time using air conditioning and HCC was heterogeneous among men and women (p=0.007) and that there was an interaction between sex and use of air conditioning in the association with HCC development (p<0.001). Conclusions: The Chengdu population has a high incidence of HCC and numerous risk factors for HCC. There is a synergistic interaction between sex and length of time using air conditioning in their role in the development of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: The pandemic resulted in a lifestyle crisis which may negatively affect patients with diabetes. Despite current knowledge, there is a lack of longitudinal studies evaluating this effect. To assess patients' perceptions about changes in lifestyle, and eating and sleeping patterns after 18 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, and to identify if aspects related to the pandemic (social distancing, COVID-19 infection, behavioral changes, and financial difficulties) are predictors of worsening in eating and sleeping parameters. Methods: This was a longitudinal study that followed patients with diabetes from April 2020 to July 2021 in Southern Brazil. Individuals with type 1 or type 2 diabetes, aged ≥ 18 years, were included. The outcome of this study was the assessment of daily habits during a 18-month period of the COVID-19 pandemic. Specific questionnaires were applied once participants were included in this study (3 months after the onset of the pandemic) and at the 18-month follow-up, which included the Eating Attitudes Test-26 (EAT-26), the Mini-Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ), and a specific questionnaire on diet, physical activity, and sleep pattern. Data were compared within and between groups (type 1 and type 2 diabetes), and multivariable models were used to identify subgroups of worse outcomes. Results: A total of 118 (78.6%) participants remained in the study at follow-up (mean age 54.6 ± 13.9 years, 41.3% male). In total, 33.9% of participants perceived weight gain during the pandemic, especially those with type 1 diabetes (43.1% vs 25.0% in type 2 diabetes, P = 0.04). About one in four participants reported emotional eating and changes in their eating habits for financial reasons. Regarding sleep patterns, more than half the participants reported taking naps during the day, out of which 30.5% of them perceived worse sleep quality, with no difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes groups. There were no within-group differences in MSQ and EAT-26 scores. Among participants with type 2 diabetes, age ≥ 60 years (OR 27.6, 95%CI 2.2–345.7), diabetes duration ≥ 15 years (OR 28.9, 95%CI 1.4–597.9), and perceived emotional eating (OR 10.9, 95%CI 1.1–107.5) were associated with worsened food quality. Worse sleep quality during the pandemic was associated with age ≥ 60 years for both type 2 diabetes (OR 5.6, 95%CI 1.1–31.5) and type 1 diabetes (OR 5.5, 95%CI 1.0–29.9). Conclusions: Follow-up data from a cohort of patients with diabetes indicate that at the end of 18 months of social distancing, some lifestyle aspects worsened and some improved, showing that these patients responded differently to the adversities of this period. The evidence of clinical features associated with worsening in food and sleep quality provides new insights to prioritizing actions in crisis situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics and health risks of 15 phthalate esters in household dust and the association with household attributes were investigated in Chengdu, China. The concentrations of total phthalate esters ranged from 87.9 to 3623 μg/g. Di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) was the dominant compound of phthalate esters with a median of 151 μg/g. The statistical analysis result showed that household products and synthetic polymer emission were the main sources of phthalate esters. Smoking, cooking, keeping pets and the use of wooden floor and plastic wallpaper might increase the concentrations of phthalate esters in household dust, but opening windows frequently, and increasing the sweeping frequency might cause the decrease of phthalate esters in the indoor environment. The hazard indexes (HI) values of phthalate esters were all below 1, indicated that there are not non-carcinogenic of phthalate esters in household dust for the residents in Chengdu. However, the carcinogenic risk of DEHP was 2.54 × 10−6, implying that the carcinogenic risks via exposure to DEHP from Chengdu household dust were noticeable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Osteoporosis is a gradually recognized health problem with risks related to disease history and living habits. This study aims to establish the optimal prediction model by comparing the performance of four prediction models that incorporated disease history and living habits in predicting the risk of Osteoporosis in Chongqing adults. Methods We conduct a cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling in this study. We use a questionnaire From January 2019 to December 2019 to collect data on disease history and adults’ living habits who got dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We established the prediction models of osteoporosis in three steps. Firstly, we performed feature selection to identify risk factors related to osteoporosis. Secondly, the qualified participants were randomly divided into a training set and a test set in the ratio of 7:3. Then the prediction models of osteoporosis were established based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Deep Belief Network (DBN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and combinatorial heuristic method (Genetic Algorithm - Decision Tree (GA-DT)). Finally, we compared the prediction models’ performance through accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to select the optimal prediction model. Results The univariate logistic model found that taking calcium tablet (odds ratio [OR] = 0.431), SBP (OR = 1.010), fracture (OR = 1.796), coronary heart disease (OR = 4.299), drinking alcohol (OR = 1.835), physical exercise (OR = 0.747) and other factors were related to the risk of osteoporosis. The AUCs of the training set and test set of the prediction models based on ANN, DBN, SVM and GA-DT were 0.901, 0.762; 0.622, 0.618; 0.698, 0.627; 0.744, 0.724, respectively. After evaluating four prediction models’ performance, we selected a three-layer back propagation neural network (BPNN) with 18, 4, and 1 neuron in the input layer, hidden and output layers respectively, as the optimal prediction model. When the probability was greater than 0.330, osteoporosis would occur. Conclusions Compared with DBN, SVM and GA-DT, the established ANN model had the best prediction ability and can be used to predict the risk of osteoporosis in physical examination of the Chongqing population. The model needs to be further improved through large sample research.

Low priority of disease prevention and health promotion in medical education may contribute to lack of lifestyle-counseling in clinical practice. Pharmacology-related knowledge is valued 5 times higher compared to lifestyle-related knowledge in examinations on noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) in undergraduate medical education in Sweden. This study aims to establish (i) whether medical licensing examinations are biased to favor pharmacology- over lifestyle-related knowledge and (ii) whether such a bias is present in both Sweden and the US.We identified 204 NCD-related questions from previous Swedish licensing examinations, and 77 cases from a U.S. question bank commonly used to prepare for the United States Medical Licensing Examination® (USMLE®) Step 3. With the help of expected correct answers, we determined distribution of points attainable for knowledge in the respective category (lifestyle / pharmacology / other) for 5 major NCDs: coronary heart disease (CHD), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, hypertension, and stroke.The percentage of points attainable for lifestyle-related knowledge was 6.7 (95% CI 4.1–9.3) in Sweden and 4.6 (95%CI 0.0–9.1) in the U.S. The respective percentages for pharmacology-related knowledge were 32.6 (95% CI 26.3–38.8) and 44.5 (95% CI 33.2–55.8) percent. The pharmacology vs. lifestyle-quotas were 4.9 in Sweden and 9.8 in the U.S. Likelihoods of equal emphasis on lifestyle and pharmacology in NCDs was

Copyright of Journal of Physical Education / Tiyu Xuekan is the property of Journal of Physical Education Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Study Objectives: In this study, we conducted a cross‐sectional analysis of the sleep characteristics in the elderly Chinese people to comprehensively investigate the association between sleep and cognitive function in the elderly people. We aimed to evaluate the most important demographic factors, conventional physiological indices and living habits that may influence sleep. Methods: We surveyed 2901 elderly people (age ≥60 years old) face‐to‐face from 1 July to 31 December 2017, who were recruited from 17 communities of the Pudong New Area (Shanghai, China) by probability proportional to size. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) scale was used to describe the sleep features of each participant. Cognitive assessment was performed using the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) scale, Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and the clinical dementia rating (CDR) scale. Those factors which potentially influence sleep and consequentially may impact cognition in the elderly people were evaluated, and the correlations of sleep characteristics and cognitive function were explored by the linear regression analysis. Results: Altogether, there were 1287 (44.4%) people taking part in the investigation. Sleep quality was significantly correlated with MMSE and MoCA total scores. Healthy sleep (especially enough sleep) was correlated with better cognitive functions. Besides recognised relative factors (such as age, sex and living alone), the number of children was found to be a strong risk factor of poor sleep. Anxiety before sleep and light/noise interference significantly damaged sleep while an exercise routine was associated with better sleep. Moderate levels of reading, watching TV and household work were correlated with superior sleep quality. Conclusion: In conclusion, sleep characteristics correlate with cognitive decline in the elderly people, and they can be influenced by multiple demographic factors and living habits. To improve sleep quality, it may be important to change sleep environment, to be relax, to increase physical exercise and recreational activities moderately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Osteoporosis is a gradually recognized health problem with risks related to disease history and living habits. This study aims to establish the optimal prediction model by comparing the performance of four prediction models that incorporated disease history and living habits in predicting the risk of Osteoporosis in Chongqing adults.Methods: We conduct a cross-sectional survey with convenience sampling in this study. We use a questionnaire From January 2019 to December 2019 to collect data on disease history and adults' living habits who got dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. We established the prediction models of osteoporosis in three steps. Firstly, we performed feature selection to identify risk factors related to osteoporosis. Secondly, the qualified participants were randomly divided into a training set and a test set in the ratio of 7:3. Then the prediction models of osteoporosis were established based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Deep Belief Network (DBN), Support Vector Machine (SVM) and combinatorial heuristic method (Genetic Algorithm - Decision Tree (GA-DT)). Finally, we compared the prediction models' performance through accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to select the optimal prediction model.Results: The univariate logistic model found that taking calcium tablet (odds ratio [OR] = 0.431), SBP (OR = 1.010), fracture (OR = 1.796), coronary heart disease (OR = 4.299), drinking alcohol (OR = 1.835), physical exercise (OR = 0.747) and other factors were related to the risk of osteoporosis. The AUCs of the training set and test set of the prediction models based on ANN, DBN, SVM and GA-DT were 0.901, 0.762; 0.622, 0.618; 0.698, 0.627; 0.744, 0.724, respectively. After evaluating four prediction models' performance, we selected a three-layer back propagation neural network (BPNN) with 18, 4, and 1 neuron in the input layer, hidden and output layers respectively, as the optimal prediction model. When the probability was greater than 0.330, osteoporosis would occur.Conclusions: Compared with DBN, SVM and GA-DT, the established ANN model had the best prediction ability and can be used to predict the risk of osteoporosis in physical examination of the Chongqing population. The model needs to be further improved through large sample research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the current status of satisfaction with medical service among international students in Shanghai, China, and analyze related influencing factors. Methods Totally 226 international students from Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and New York University Shanghai were selected. A questionnaire survey was conducted to investigate the general information and degree of satisfaction with medical service among international students. Results A total of 226 questionnaires were sent out and 220 ones were retrieved with the effective rate of 97.35%. The highest scoring factor was service environment, followed by service technology, medical costs, service attitude and service efficiency. The duration of studying, Chinese language proficiency and religious beliefs were influencing factors of students' satisfaction with medical service (P < 0.05). Conclusion The religions, culture and living habits of international students should be well considered. It is required to enhance the communication with international students, and improve their satisfaction with medical service in Shanghai, China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living with a cross-national roommate provides unique opportunities for college students to engage in cross-cultural learning and to form meaningful intercultural relationships. However, little is known about the challenges faced by college students in building a successful cross-national roommate relationship. Based on the similarity hypothesis, this study examined whether or not perceived dissimilarities in living habits or attitudes toward college life accounted for discrepancies between same- and cross-national roommate pairs' closeness and satisfaction with their roommate relationships. Structural equation modelling with survey data from 479 students (66.4 % female; 13.6 % international students; 17 % with a cross-national roommate) living in on-campus residence halls in a large university in the US showed that college students experiencing cross-national roommate relationships perceived more dissimilarities in living habits and attitudes toward college life than those living with same-nationals, which in turn related to lower levels of roommate satisfaction and/or roommate closeness. However, when perceived dissimilarities along with other variables (including gender, roommate's study participation status, and roommate assignment method) were controlled, they reported no less satisfaction and even higher levels of closeness than those living with same-national roommates. Findings suggest that the benefits of cross-national affiliations in college residence halls are more likely to occur if educators and staff can help students prepare for and manage perceptions of differences, especially in living habits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the new coronavirus pandemic enters its third year, its long-term impact on the urban environment cannot be ignored, especially in megacities with more than millions of people. Here, we analyzed the changes in the concentration levels, emission sources, temporal variations and holiday effects of ambient fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and its chemical components in the pre- and post-epidemic eras based on high-resolution, long time-series datasets of PM 2.5 and its chemical components in Chengdu. In the post-epidemic era, the PM 2.5 concentration in Chengdu decreased by 7.4%, with the components of PM 2.5 decreasing to varying degrees. The positive matrix factorization (PMF) results indicated that the emissions from soil dust and industrial production were significantly lower during the COVID-19 lockdown period and post-epidemic era than those in the pre-epidemic era. In contrast, the contribution of secondary aerosols to PM 2.5 during these two periods increased by 2.7% and 6.6%, respectively. Notably, we found that PM 2.5 and its components substantially decreased on workdays and holidays in the post-epidemic era due to the reduced traffic volume and outdoor activities. This provides direct evidence that changes in the habitual behavior patterns of urban residents in the post-epidemic era could exert an evident positive impact on the urban environment. However, the higher PM 2.5 concentration was observed due to the increased consumption of regular (As 4 S 4 , Xionghuang in Chinese) and "sulfur incense" during the Dragon Boat Festival holiday in the post-epidemic era. Finally, we examined the potential effects of sporadic COVID-19 outbreaks on the PM 2.5 concentration in Chengdu, and there was no decrease in PM 2.5 during two local COVID-19 outbreak events due to the strong influence of secondary pollution processes. • Long-term impacts of the COVID-19 epidemic on urban PM 2.5 were analyzed. • Emissions from transportation and industry reduced in the post-epidemic era. • PM 2.5 concentration significantly dropped over workdays and holidays in the post-epidemic era. • PM 2.5 concentration conversely increased during the Dragon Boat Festival in the post-epidemic era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempted to solve daily inconveniences and propose a direction for healthy skin care after investigating eating habits, preferred food and shower frequency and analyzing the relationship between these living habits and perceived skin dryness among adult men in their 30-40s who are suffering from pruritus due to dry skin. Most respondents revealed a high level of inconvenience in their daily lives because of dry skin. According to analysis of the correlation between these life habits and skin dryness, they had an effect on skin dryness in most categories of eating habits, preferred food and shower frequency. In particular, as the amount of smoking or preference for sweet food increased, skin dryness became more serious. Therefore, it appears it would be important to control the intake of preferred food and have healthy eating habits in that eating habits and smoking are correlated with skin health, and skin health is an indicator of physical health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The paper discusses the content of elements in hair of subjects studied over several years. The study was performed on 5 subjects (N =28) that lived together or were family related. The elemental composition of hair of the studied subjects was compared with the average content of the population living in the same urban area (Wrocław city, south-west Poland), with the population of a non-industrialized area in Poland (Silesian Beskid), as well as with the population of north-east Sweden and Rio de Janeiro. When comparing the composition of hair from the studied subjects with the people living in the same city, it was found that the differences resulted mainly from different living habits (Na, Si, Co, Fe, Mn, Zn) and local exposure (Pb, Cd, Al). When comparing with the reference material for unexposed population, it was found that the studied subjects were exposed to Al. Time profile of element contents in hair of a given person showed that the level changed significantly (even several fold) with changes of living habits or environmental exposure. Also, it was found that there were similar tendencies in the accumulation of the majority of elements by people that lived together. The effect of living habits on the level of a given element was found to be stronger than the influence of either sex or family relationship. The paper also discusses inter-element interactions within the studied group. Statistically significant (p <0.05) correlations were found between elements that occur together: Ca–Mg, Fe–Mn, Na–K, Co–K, Au–Pt, Cd–Pb. In order to determine the influence of various elements on the content of another element, linear multiple regression was performed that revealed the following relationships: Ca=f(Mn, Sr), Na=f(K, Mn), K=f(V, Ti). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective: The objective of this study is to assess the impact on insomnia symptoms of somatic diseases, psychological factors, living habits and life events during the previous year.Background: Although health problems are a significant cause of insomnia, psychosocial factors are considered to be even more important. The relative impact of these and other factors on insomnia calls for further evaluation.Methods: A questionnaire study in a randomly selected middle-aged population in Finland (N=626, 264 men and 362 women).Results: In our study, 9.8% of men and 17.0% of women reported the occurrence of insomnia at least once a week during the previous 3 months. Insomniacs perceived their health as ‘poor’ or ‘rather poor’ more often than others and depression, allergic rhinitis, asthma, hypertension and heart symptoms such as arrhythmias were more common among them. Insomnia was not a side-effect of the treatment of these diseases; lack of medical treatment was associated with a higher incidence of insomnia. Work-related factors such as ‘moving to a poorer job or to poorer working conditions’ during the past year increased the possibility of insomnia, while moving house seemed to have a positive effect. When comparing these associations in logistic regression models, nervousness and tension were, however, the factors most significantly associated with insomnia.Conclusions: Psychosocial factors appeared to be more significantly associated with prolonged insomnia than somatic health problems. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The present study investigated the content of fungal aerospores in homes and schools of house-dust-mite (HDM)-sensitized and control children in a subarctic area. During winter, airborne microfungi were collected from the homes and schools of 19 HDM-sensitized children and 19 nonatopic controls, all living in the community of Sør-Varanger. northern Norway. The samples were cultivated and microfungal growth was identified microscopically. Indoor humidity, temperature, and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations were measured. Housing conditions and sociodemographic and symptom data were obtained by a questionnaire. Penicillium was the most common microfungus in both homes and schools, followed by various yeasts, Aspergillus. Cladosporium, and Mucor. The number of infected homes was equal in the HDM-sensitized group and the control group, but aerosporc counts were higher in the HDM-sensitized group than in the control group. The lowest aerospore coujits were found in the schools. High aerospore counts also appeared to be related to high indoor humidity. The keeping of pets and damp indoor conditions were more frequent in homes of HDM-sensitized children than in the control group, whereas parental smoking and carpeting occurred with equal frequency in both groups. This indicates that no allergy sanitation measures had been undertaken, especially in the homes of the HDM-sensitized children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the world's deadliest cancers, and its mortality rate has been on the rise in China. Yunnan is a region with a higher concentration of ethnic minorities. CRC affects many people from ethnic minority groups, which differ from Han in terms of their age and gender compositions., Methods: We collected samples from 1,016 cases of CRC patients along with their case files at Yunnan Provincial Cancer Hospital from the period between January 2013 and December 2018., Results: In total, 7.1% (n=72) of all lung cancer cases diagnosed from 2013 to 2018 in Yunnan Provincial Cancer Hospital occurred in patients 40 years old or younger, 44% (n=447) were 40 to 60 years old, and 48.9% (n=497) were 60 years old or above. The composition ratio of CRC patients in the different age groups differed significantly and enhanced significantly with age, with a statistical significance of P<0.05. A total of 33.6% (n=38) of 113 minority patients and 16.8% (n=152) of 903 Han patients reported a history of smoking, and 23.0% (n=26) of 113 minority patients and 14.6% (n=132) of Han patients had a history of drinking. Long-term smoking and drinking are significantly associated with the incidence of CRC, and this was more significant among ethnic minorities (P<0.05)., Conclusions: The high incidence of CRC in Yunnan is strongly related to patients' lifestyles, and diet should be a core focus of efforts to prevent and treat CRC. Early screening and regular check for common tumor markers can also help to reduce the incidence of CRC and provide a basis for improvements in CRC treatment and prognosis in Yunnan., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/tcr.2020.02.63). SW reports grants from the National Social Science Foundation of China, grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, during the conduct of the study; QT reports grants from the National Social Science Foundation of China, grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, during the conduct of the study; DF reports grants from the National Social Science Foundation of China, grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, during the conduct of the study; ZH reports grants from the National Social Science Foundation of China, grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, during the conduct of the study; WS reports grants from the National Social Science Foundation of China, grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, during the conduct of the study; YC reports grants from the National Social Science Foundation of China, grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China, during the conduct of the study., (2020 Translational Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)