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The CRISPR-Cas9 technology has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of various diseases, including Rett syndrome, by enabling the correction of genes or mutations in human patient cells. However, several challenges need to be addressed before its widespread clinical application. These challenges include the low delivery efficiencies to target cells, the actual efficiency of the genome-editing process, and the precision with which the CRISPR-Cas system operates. Herein, the study presents a Magnetic Nanoparticle-Assisted Genome Editing (MAGE) platform, which significantly improves the transfection efficiency, biocompatibility, and genome-editing accuracy of CRISPR-Cas9 technology. To demonstrate the feasibility of the developed technology, MAGE is applied to correct the mutated MeCP2 gene in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC-NPCs) from a Rett syndrome patient. By combining magnetofection and magnetic-activated cell sorting, MAGE achieves higher multi-plasmid delivery (99.3%) and repairing efficiencies (42.95%) with significantly shorter incubation times than conventional transfection agents without size limitations on plasmids. The repaired iPSC-NPCs showed similar characteristics as wild-type neurons when they differentiated into neurons, further validating MAGE and its potential for future clinical applications. In short, the developed nanobio-combined CRISPR-Cas9 technology offers the potential for various clinical applications, particularly in stem cell therapies targeting different genetic diseases.

Bone tissue engineering addresses the limitations of autologous resources and the risk of allograft disease transmission in bone diseases. In this regard, engineered three‐dimensional (3D) models emerge as biomimetic alternatives to natural tissues, replicating intracellular communication. Moreover, the unique properties of super‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were shown to promote bone regeneration via enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone models. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SPION on both osteogenesis and angiogenesis and characterized a co‐culture of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and MG‐63 cells as a model of bone microtissue. HUVECs: MG‐63s with a ratio of 4:1 demonstrated the best results among other cell ratios, and 50 μg/mL of SPION was the optimum concentration for maximum survival, cell migration and mineralization. In addition, the data from gene expression illustrated that the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes, including osteopontin, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and collagen‐I, as well as the expression of the angiogenesis‐related marker, CD‐31, and the tube formation, is significantly elevated when the 50 μg/mL concentration of SPION is applied to the microtissue samples. SPION application in a designed 3D bone microtissue model involving a co‐culture of osteoblast and endothelial cells resulted in increased expression of specific markers related to angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This includes the design of a novel biomimetic model to boost blood compatibility and biocompatibility of primary materials while promoting osteogenic activity in microtissue bone models. Moreover, this can improve interaction with surrounding tissues and broaden the knowledge to promote superior‐performance implants, preventing device failure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractCoating of magnetic nanoparticles with functional polymers increases the applicability of these nanomaterials. A modular approach to functionalizing these polymer coatings can be achieved using click chemistry. This work reports the synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles coated with a dopamine anchoring group containing polymer with furan groups as side chain residues. Using the ‘graft-to’ approach, polymers are coated onto magnetic nanoparticles using a simple place exchange reaction. Various analytical techniques were used to characterize the polymer-coated nanoparticles for their size and surface composition. Utilization of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based polymer renders the magnetic nanoparticles water dispersible. The presence of the furan ring on the polymer brushes enables their facile functionalization using a maleimide group-bearing molecule under catalyst-free conditions. A hydrophobic fluorescent dye, used as a model drug, is conjugated onto the nanoparticles using the Diels-Alder reaction. One can anticipate that the facile fabrication and functionalization of these clickable polymer-coated magnetic nanoparticles will be attractive for various biomedical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic nanoparticles have gained significant attention as versatile adsorbents in various studies due to their easy application, simple synthesis, cost-effectiveness, and reusability. In this study, we synthesized magnetic poly(AMA-co-GMA) nanoparticles (MAG) and modified them using allyl methacrylate (AMA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA). The epoxy groups on the nanoparticles were opened to introduce –OH, –NH2, and –SH functional groups. The structural properties of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by FTIR, their morphology by SEM–EDS, TEM, BET, and XRD, their magnetic properties by VSM, and the thermal properties by the TGA analysis. MAG and the modified nanoparticles (MAG-OH, MAG-NH2, and MAG-SH) were then employed in batch adsorption experiments for heavy metal ions, including Cd2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+. The effect of pH, contact time, ion concentration, and temperature on adsorption was investigated, and kinetic, isotherm, and thermodynamic parameters were determined. Pb2+ and Hg2+ exhibited higher adsorption capacities among the tested heavy metal ions, prompting further investigation with MAG and MAG-SH nanoparticles. The experimental data suggested that the adsorption followed the second order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm models. Overall, the results highlight the excellent potential of the synthesized magnetic nanoparticles for effectively removing heavy metal ions from wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dexamethasone (DEX) is used to treat ocular surface diseases. However, regulating DEX duration in tears while preventing its absorption into the anterior chamber is critical for balancing its therapy effects and the side effects. In this study, a novel magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-micelle (MC) co-delivery system (MMDS) was developed. The MC moiety in the MMDS served as the carrier for DEX and the MNP part endowed the MMDS with magnetic-responsive properties. To extend its residency, the MMDS was magnetically attracted by an external magnet after instilling, which acted as a precorneal drug-depot enabling a sustainable release of DEX in tears. With combination of magnet treatment, the topical instillation of MMDS@DEX significantly prolonged the DEX-retention in tears and increased the DEX-concentration in the cornea and conjunctiva, as well as concurrently reduced the DEX-level in the aqueous humor, when compared with the commercial DEX eye drop treatment. The combination of MMDS@DEX and magnet treatment exerted significantly better therapeutic effects against DED with smaller side effects than conventional treatments including DEX suspension, commercial DEX eye drops, as well as the MMDS@DEX treatment alone. The present work provided a new method for the effective delivery of DEX to ocular surface tissues while reducing its side effects, which will be beneficial to the treatments of a wide range of ocular surface diseases. This article reports a novel dexamethasone (DEX)-micelle and magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) co-delivery system (MMDS@DEX) as a precorneal DEX-depot for effectively DEX-delivery towards eye-surface tissues to balance its therapy effects and side effects. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Core – shell magnetic nanoparticles MCM-41 and nano-clays are working absorbents for elimination of heavy metal ions. Nanoparticles Fe3O4 are made by sol- gel method and are covered by silica and their surfaces are modified with suitable organic compounds. Organic clays also are one of usual absorbents which absorb diverse spectrum of organic pollutants and adsorption function of these compounds is relating to interlayer structure and their surface modification. In present research, for the first time, Kaolinite-NH2@thiazolidinone and Fe3O4@MCM-41-NH2@thiazolidinone nanocomposites were prepared and after structural approval by FTIR, VSM, XRD, SEM, TGA, BET, EDX technics, were used for adsorption of Pb 2 + and Cd2+ from aqueous medium as an active absorbent. to urgent elimination and active heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions, MCM-41 and Kaolinite were modified with (3-aminopropyl) trietoxysilane (APTES) and then during a three-step reaction in condition without solvent with thioglycolic acid and benzaldehyde were reacted and finally, thiazolidinone was synthetized on their surfaces. Adsorption process and different conditions of absorbent dose, metal ion concentration, time and pH have been studied. For optimization conditions, method of response surface (RSM) has been used. 120 tests with two synthetic absorbents were performed for adsorption of Pb2+ and Cd2+, which most capacity of adsorption with the use of Fe3O4@MCM-41-NH2@thiazolidinone was 768.25 mg/g in pH = 5 and 341.5 mg/g in pH = 7.5, respectively. Also, results indicated that most capacity of adsorption with the use of Kaolinite-NH2@Thiazolidin for elimination of Pb2+ and Cd2+ were 552.81 mg/g in pH = 6.5 and 393.21 mg/g in pH = 7.5. Effect of pH, time, absorbent dose, and initial concentration of cations lonely and effect of their simultaneously in adsorption capacity and elimination percentage were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been reported that serum Clara cell secreted protein 16 (CC16) is a potential biomarker for lung injury diseases, but currently, there is no other method that is faster, more accurate, or more sensitive being applied in clinical practice apart from ELISA. The current study was designed to established a magnetic nanoparticles chemiluminescence immunoassay (MNPs-CLIA) for highly sensitive automated detection of serum Clara cell secretory protein 16 (CC16), and validated its diagnostic performance for lung disease.The study included the expression of CC16 recombinant protein, the preparation and screening of its monoclonal antibody (MAb), as well as the construction, optimization and analytical evaluation of the MNPs-CLIA method. The clinical application value of this method was investigated by detecting CC16 level in 296 serum samples.The linear range of the MNPs-CLIA assay system was 0.2–50 ng/mL, and the limit of detection was 0.037 ng/mL. Performance parameters such as specificity, recovery rate, and precision can meet the industry standards of in vitro diagnostic reagents. The established method reveals consistent results with ELISA (R2=0.9962) currently used clinically, and it also exhibits satisfactory diagnostic efficacy of silicosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and pulmonary sarcoidosis, with areas under the curve (AUC) of 0.9748, 0.8428 and 0.9128, respectively.Our established MNPs-CLIA method has the advantages of automation, high throughput, rapidity, and simplicity, and can be promoted for widely popularized in clinical applications. MNPs-CLIA detection of serum CC16 has efficient diagnostic potentiality for predicting and diagnosing lung diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetic osteoporosis (DO) presents significant clinical challenges. This study aimed to investigate the potential of magnetic nanoparticle-enhanced extracellular vesicles (GMNPE-EVs) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) to deliver miR-15b-5p, thereby targeting and downregulating glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression in rat DO models. Data was sourced from DO-related RNA-seq datasets combined with GEO and GeneCards databases. Rat primary BMSCs, bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs), and osteoclasts were isolated and cultured. EVs were separated, and GMNPE targeting EVs were synthesized. Bioinformatic analysis revealed a high GFAP expression in DO-related RNA-seq and GSE26168 datasets for disease models. Experimental results confirmed elevated GFAP in rat DO bone tissues, promoting osteoclast differentiation. miR-15b-5p was identified as a GFAP inhibitor, but was significantly downregulated in DO and enriched in BMSC-derived EVs. In vitro experiments showed that GMNPE-EVs could transfer miR-15b-5p to osteoclasts, downregulating GFAP and inhibiting osteoclast differentiation. In vivo tests confirmed the therapeutic potential of this approach in alleviating rat DO. Collectively, GMNPE-EVs can effectively deliver miR-15b-5p to osteoclasts, downregulating GFAP expression, and hence, offering a therapeutic strategy for rat DO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A variety of electromagnetic wave absorption materials (EMWAs) have been reported, but the integration of powder materials and multifunctional devices should be investigated in-depth to adapt to practical demands. Herein, carbon-coated cobalt composites were prepared by adsorbing magnetic metal cations into an anionic crystalline framework through an electrostatic encapsulate process. Excellent reflection loss (RLmin) of −40.49 dB and effective absorption bandwidth (EAB) of 5.36 GHz (RL<−10 dB, 10.4–15.76 GHz) was achieved with an optimal radar cross section (RCS) reduction of 34.9 dB·m2 for the sample tested. For commercial applications, Co@CN-4 was integrated into sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) aerogel to create an ultra-lightweight composite aerogel that is compressive resistant and heat-holding while also having photothermal conversion capabilities.The hydrophobic modification makes it more widely useful. This study provides a new strategy for EWAMs to integrate versatility and improve their application prospects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, silver-coated magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized, functionalized with MUA, and covalently immobilized laccase enzyme. FTIR, TEM, EDX, ESR and CV techniques were used for characterization. The optimum pH for free and immobilized laccase was found to be 3.0 while the optimum temperatures were 45 °C and 55 °C, respectively. It was observed that Km and Vmax values decreased at the end of immobilization process. When thermal stability was investigated, it was found that, immobilized enzyme showed higher stability than free. It was observed that the immobilized laccase retained 58.13% of its initial activity after 10 consecutive uses. Additionally, immobilized laccase was used successfully in the removal of some dyes and phenolic compounds. These results showed that the silver-coated magnetic nanoparticles synthesized in this study can be used effectively in enzymatic bioremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We developed an intelligent device capable of controlled release of anti-cancer drugs. The nano-carrier consists of two key components: firstly, magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized through co-precipitation and then functionalized for attaching anti-cancer drugs; secondly, a polymer (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid)) sensitive to pH and temperature was synthesized and employed to encapsulate the drug-loaded magnetic nanoparticles. This responsive polymer exhibits a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of 38.5 °C, indicating a phase transition behavior. Numerous techniques and analyses, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, zeta potentials, scanning electron microscope, and transmission electron microscopy, were employed to confirm the successful execution of the aforementioned process. In vitro release assessments of the anti-cancer drug, doxorubicin, were conducted across various media (pH 5–8 and temperatures ranging from 20 to 40 °C). The outcomes revealed higher drug releases at temperatures exceeding the LCST (40 °C) and at slightly acidic pH levels (5–5.3). Notably, compared to the effectiveness of the unloaded drug, the magnetic smart polymer loaded with DOX exhibited a more potent cytotoxic effect. Considering these results, this nano-carrier emerges as a promising candidate for targeted therapeutic delivery to cancerous tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Dexamethasone (DEX) is used to treat ocular surface diseases. However, regulating DEX duration in tears while preventing its absorption into the anterior chamber is critical for balancing its therapy effects and the side effects. In this study, a novel magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-micelle (MC) co-delivery system (MMDS) was developed. The MC moiety in the MMDS served as the carrier for DEX and the MNP part endowed the MMDS with magnetic-responsive properties. To extend its residency, the MMDS was magnetically attracted by an external magnet after instilling, which acted as a precorneal drug-depot enabling a sustainable release of DEX in tears. With combination of magnet treatment, the topical instillation of MMDS@DEX significantly prolonged the DEX-retention in tears and increased the DEX-concentration in the cornea and conjunctiva, as well as concurrently reduced the DEX-level in the aqueous humor, when compared with the commercial DEX eye drop treatment. The combination of MMDS@DEX and magnet treatment exerted significantly better therapeutic effects against DED with smaller side effects than conventional treatments including DEX suspension, commercial DEX eye drops, as well as the MMDS@DEX treatment alone. The present work provided a new method for the effective delivery of DEX to ocular surface tissues while reducing its side effects, which will be beneficial to the treatments of a wide range of ocular surface diseases.

A novel ratio colorimetric sensor based on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was constructed for the detection of Ochratoxin A (OTA) by complementary DNA base pairing. The OTA aptamer coupled Fe3O4@Au was served as reference signal, and complementary DNA (cDNA) coupled Ag NPs was served as the response signal. A ratio nanoprobe (Fe3O4@Au-Ag) with two UV absorption peaks was prepared by regulating the ratio and DNA base complementarity. In absence of OTA, the absorbance peak ratio (A400/A580) of the ratio colorimetric sensor could maintain a constant value. The detection conditions (time, pH, and temperature) were optimized, and under optimized conditions, the sensor showed a good linear relationship to OTA detection, with a linear range of 0.01 ng·mL−1 to 1000 ng·mL−1 and a detection limit of 0.033 ng·mL−1. The sensor had good selectivity, reproducibility and high sensitivity, which was successfully applied to the detection of OTA in pea powder with a recovery rate of 93.9%~96.0%.

The design of chemical processes and products with a low use of hazardous substances is known as “green chemistry.” The method of producing nanoparticles (NPs) significantly affects their size and characteristics. Currently, there are two primary methods utilized for synthesizing NPs, known as the bottom-up and top-down approaches. To keep the prices of nanotechnology-based products, the green method employs plant metabolites as reducing agents. Two types of magnetite NPs (Fe3O4 NPs) were synthetized and characterized being denominated NPs1 synthetized by the co-precipitation method and NPs2 synthetized using the green synthesis process. It was found that the Fe3O4 NPs1 has a quasi-spherical morphology with a size of 43 nm, while the Fe3O4 NPs2 has a size of 6 nm.

A novel ratio colorimetric sensor based on magnetic nanoparticles (Fe3O4@Au) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) was constructed for the detection of Ochratoxin A (OTA) by complementary DNA base pairing. The OTA aptamer coupled Fe3O4@Au was served as reference signal, and complementary DNA (cDNA) coupled Ag NPs was served as the response signal. A ratio nanoprobe (Fe3O4@Au-Ag) with two UV absorption peaks was prepared by regulating the ratio and DNA base complementarity. In absence of OTA, the absorbance peak ratio (A400/A580) of the ratio colorimetric sensor could maintain a constant value. The detection conditions (time, pH, and temperature) were optimized, and under optimized conditions, the sensor showed a good linear relationship to OTA detection, with a linear range of 0.01 ng⋅mL-1 to 1000 ng⋅mL-1 and a detection limit of 0.033 ng⋅mL-1. The sensor had good selectivity, reproducibility and high sensitivity, which was successfully applied to the detection of OTA in pea powder with a recovery rate of 93.9%~96.0%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer is a significant public health issue in both developed and developing countries. Chemotherapy is the primary method of treatment to eliminate drug-resistant cells and prevent progenitor cancer cell growth. Polycaprolactone (PCL) is an excellent candidate for sustained drug delivery due to its amphiphilic nature, semi-crystalline form, biodegradability, biocompatibility, and slow drug release profile. This significant property has motivated their relevance, particularly in the area of anticancer drug delivery applications in the various nanoaggregates. Doxorubicin (DOX) and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) are common anti-cancer drugs used for breast cancer treatment that they can easily incorporate into PCL. In this study, we synthesized the copolymer of PCL, PCL-DOX-FU, and performed characterization tests (Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)).We prepared a breast cancer cell line and evaluated the viability of cultured cells using the MTT test in different treatment groups (PCL, DOX-5FU, DOX, FU) at three different time points (24 h, 48 h, 72 h), and at different concentrations (9, 25, 50, 70 µg/ml). Additionally, we determined the expression rate of Bax and BCL-2 as apoptotic activator genes in treatment groups via real-time PCR techniques. Our data confirms that there are interactions between the active groups in PCL and DOX, as well as 5-FU drugs. After 72 h, a significant decrease was observed at concentrations of 50 and 70. Furthermore, the expression levels of Bcl2 and Bax were significantly reduced in cells treated with DOX, 5-FU, and DOX-5-FU-PCL nanoparticles. Our objective was to produce a nanocarrier system by coating magnetic nanoparticles with FOX-5-FU-PCL and evaluate its impact on the survival of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Our findings demonstrate that this method was highly successful in enhancing drug delivery efficiency for cancer treatment. However, further investigations are necessary to fully understand the safety and efficacy of these nanoparticles for clinical use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] As ideal and smart stimuli-responsive materials for soft actuators, artificial muscles, etc., liquid crystalline elastomers (LCEs) can respond to external stimuli, including heat, light, electricity, magnetism, humidity, etc., and make corresponding deformations. Among these external stimuli, magnetic stimulus is featured by remote and contactless control, fast, precise, extremely strong penetration, safe, easy tunability, and so on. By doping magnetic nanoparticles into LCEs, their actuation and motion can be triggered by magnetic fields or forces untetheredly, remotely, and highly precisely. Therefore, the magnetic nanoparticles endow LCEs with magneto-responsiveness, opening doors to LCEs for many unique potential uses, such as magnetic read-out, magnetic valves, magnetic switches, and so on. This review summarizes recent advances in magneto-responsive LCE nanocomposites. Their fabrication is comprehensively discussed. New properties of magneto-responsive LCEs brought by magnetic nanoparticles are also thoroughly reviewed. Their promising applications are subsequently summarized and explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plasminogen activators, such as recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activators (rtPAs), while effective in treating thromboembolic diseases, often induce hemorrhagic complications due to non-specific enzyme activities in the systemic circulation. This study evaluated the targeting efficiency, efficacy, biodistribution, and potential toxicity of a rtPA covalently attached to chitosan-coated magnetic nanoparticles (chitosan-MNP-rtPA). The thrombolytic activity of a chitosan-MNP-rtPA was preserved by protection from an endogenous plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in whole blood and after circulation in vivo, as examined by thromboelastometry. Single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) demonstrated real-time retention of a 99mTc-MNP-rtPA induced by magnet application in a rat embolic model; an 80% reduction in rtPA dosage for a chitosan-MNP-rtPA with magnetic guidance was shown to restore blood flow. After treatment, iron deposition was observed in the reticuloendothelial systems, with portal edema and neutrophil infiltration in the liver at a ten-fold higher dose but not the regular dose. Nevertheless, no liver or renal toxicity was observed at this higher dose. In conclusion, the liver may still be the major deposit site of rtPA nanocomposites after targeted delivery; chitosan-coated MNPs are potentially amenable to target therapeutics with parenteral administration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This novel nano-adsorbent offers high selectivity and rapid screening of Hg2+ through visual detection. The process involved coating the magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) with alginate, followed by immobilization of a DNA aptamer specific to Hg2+, resulting in the formation of Apt@Alg@MNP. It was utilized as a nano-adsorbent for rapid screening tests to qualitatively detect Hg2+ on the particles by observing the color change in the Hg2+-adsorbed Apt@Alg@MNP dispersion. The nano-adsorbent exhibited high specificity toward Hg2+ and demonstrated strong anti-interference capability. It was successfully employed as a nano-adsorbent for the determination of Hg2+ in various real water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This novel nano-adsorbent offers high selectivity and rapid screening of Hg2+ through visual detection. The process involved coating the magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) with alginate, followed by immobilization of a DNA aptamer specific to Hg2+, resulting in the formation of Apt@Alg@MNP. It was utilized as a nano-adsorbent for rapid screening tests to qualitatively detect Hg2+ on the particles by observing the color change in the Hg2+-adsorbed Apt@Alg@MNP dispersion. The nano-adsorbent exhibited high specificity toward Hg2+ and demonstrated strong anti-interference capability. It was successfully employed as a nano-adsorbent for the determination of Hg2+ in various real water samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, extensive research has been conducted on nano drug delivery systems for treating inflammation. Despite this, the lack of specificity in many carriers and materials has hindered their effectiveness in enhancing treatment efficiency. To address this challenge, among numerous candidate biomaterials, stimuli-responsive biopolymers have received significant interest for precisely delivering their payload to inflamed tissues. Herein, to overcome this deficiency, pH-responsive magnetic nanocarriers were fabricated. A cationic dextran was synthesized based on the oxidation of glucose ring and conjugation of spermine. Drug-loaded magnetic dextran-spermine nanoparticles (DS-NPs) were prepared by in situ drug loading via ionic gelation. Fabricated nanoparticles have smaller size (60–100 nm), with relatively narrow size distribution (pdI = 0.175–0.251), and a positive surface charge (+ 17.1 to + 29.0 mV). The in vitro release study in simulated normal and inflamed organ environments confirmed the pH sensitivity of the drug release with a slight burst effect in normal conditions and accelerated release in acidic pH (final release < 70% and < 50% of the total encapsulated drug for pH 7.4 and pH 5.0, respectively). Antibacterial study on Staphylococcus aureus showed no changes in the bactericidal activity of encapsulated vancomycin. Cytotoxicity studies on HUVEC cells confirmed that drug-free nanoparticles exhibited no toxicity, even up to 1 mg/mL. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of encapsulated vancomycin against HUVEC cells was lower than that of free vancomycin in all incubation times (24 h, 48 h, 72 h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A pH-sensitive shell-sheddable magnetic nanocarrier was prepared based on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles coated with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and polyethyleneglycol (PEG). The PEI was coated on Fe3O4@SiO2 nanoparticles through an electrostatic attraction and the PEG chains were connected to the PEI via pH-sensitive benzoicimine bonds. The synthesized products and final nanocarrier were characterized with FT-IR, 1H NMR, dynamic light scattering (DLS), zeta-potential, TEM, and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). The PEI, as a middle layer, was used to load the curcumin (an anticancer drug) via van der Waals interactions and the shedding of PEG as a hydrophilic corona at the tumor pH (acidic) could induce the release of the drug. The curcumin loading content was found to be ~15% and curcumin-loaded magnetic nanoparticles (C-LMNs) showed more triggered release at the tumor pH (5.6) than physiological pH (7.4). In comparison to pure magnetic nanoparticles (MNs), the C-LMNs showed more cytotoxicity to human prostate cancer cell (PC-3) and also resulted in an increased rate of late apoptotic/necrotic PC-3 cells, assessed by flow cytometry analysis. In conclusion, the C-LMN as pH- and magnetic responsive nano-carrier showed good potential for targeted curcumin delivery in therapy of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Recently, the presence of different nanoparticles (NPs) has developed targeting drug delivery in treatment of cancer cell. Targeted drug delivery systems using NPs have shown great promise in improving the efficacy of intracellular uptake as well as local concentration of therapeutics with minimizing side effects. The current study planned to synthesized resveratrol-loaded magnetic niosomes nanoparticles (RSV-MNIONPs) and evaluate their cytotoxicity activity in pancreatic cancer cells. For this aim, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized and loaded into niosomes (NIOs) by the thin film hydration technique and then characterized via DLS, FT-IR, TEM, SEM and VSM techniques. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the RSV-MNIONPs on the Capan-1 cells line was assessed by the MTT test. The distribution number of RSV-MNIONPs was gained about 80 nm and 95 nm with surface charge of − 14.0 mV by SEM and TEM analysis, respectively. RSV loading efficacy in NIOs was about 85%, and the drug releases pattern displayed a sustained discharge with a maximum amount about 35% and 40%, within 4 h in pH = 7.4 and pH = 5.8, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the RSV-MNIONPs in the presence of an external magnetic field is higher than that of the RSV, indicating enhanced cellular uptake in their encapsulated states. Furthermore, RSV loaded MNNPs were found to induce more cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 checkpoint than free RSV. Compared with RSV-treated cells, the mRNA expression levels of BAX, Bcl2, FAS, P 53, Cyclin D and hTERT, were significantly changed in cells treated with RSV loaded MNNPs. The niosomes NPs approaches have been widely used to attain higher solubility, improved bioavailability, enhanced stability, and control delivery of RSV. Our formulation displayed antitumor activity and can be considered an appropriate carrier with a great potential for future usage in cancer therapy.

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), either paramagnetic or superparamagnetic depending on their composition and size, have been thoroughly studied as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents using in vitro and in vivo biomedical preclinical studies, while some are clinically used. Their magnetic properties responsible in some cases for high magnetization values, together with large surface area-to-volume ratios and the possibility of surface functionalization, have been used in MRI-based diagnostic and theranostics applications. MNPs are usually used as positive (T1) or negative (T2) MRI contrast agents, causing brightening or darkening of selected regions in MRI images, respectively. This review focusses on recent developments and optimization of MNPs containing Gd, Mn, Fe and other lanthanide ions which may function as dual-mode T1–T2 MRI contrast agents (DMCAs). They induce positive or negative contrast in the same MRI scanner upon changing its operational mode between T1-weighted and T2-weighted pulse sequences. The type of contrast they induce depends critically on their r2/r1 relaxivity ratio, which for DMCAs should be in the 2–10 range of values. After briefly discussing the basic principles of paramagnetic relaxation in MNPs, in this review, the basic strategies for the rational design of DMCAs are presented and typical examples are discussed, including in vivo preclinical applications: (1) the use of NPs with a single type of contrast material, Gd- or Mn-based NPs or superparamagnetic NPs with appropriate size and magnetization to provide T2 and T1 contrast; and (2) inclusion of both types of T1 and T2 contrast materials in the same nanoplatform by changing their relative positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lactoferrin (LF), an iron-binding glycoprotein with immunological properties and a high nutritional value, has emerged as a prominent research focus in the field of food nutrition. Lactoferrin is widely distributed in raw milk and milk that has undergone low-temperature heat treatment during pasteurization, making its rapid and accurate detection crucial for ensuring the quality control of dairy products. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay-based analytical protocol has often been referred to for the detection of LF in real samples. Signal amplification was accomplished using the streptavidin–biotin system. Here, an automated magnetic beads-based sandwich chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay (MBs-sCLEIA) system was developed for the quantification of lactoferrin in pasteurized milk. The MBs-sCLEIA system consists of an automated chemiluminescence-based analyzer and a lactoferrin MBs-sCLEIA assay kit. Notably, our proposed method eliminates the need for pretreatment procedures and enables the direct addition of milk samples, allowing for the automatic quantitative detection of lactoferrin within a rapid 17 min timeframe for up to eight samples simultaneously. The MBs-sCLEIA was linear over the range of 7.24-800 ng/mL and displayed a limit of detection (LOD) of 2.85 ng/mL. As its good recovery and CV values indicate, the method exhibited high precision and accuracy. Furthermore, it was verified that it was selective towards five additional common milk proteins. A good correlation was observed between the results from the MBs-sCLEIA and heparin affinity column-HPLC (r2 = 0.99042), which proves to be a useful and practicable way of conducting an accurate analysis of lactoferrin in dairy products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alginate lyase (AL) is a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme that can degrade alginate by hydrolyzing glycosidic bonds and produces unsaturated alginate oligosaccharides (AOSs). These AOSs have wide therapeutic and nutraceutical applications. However, to produce alginate oligosaccharides in a cost-effective manner is challenging due to the low availability and high cost of this degrading enzyme. Immobilization of the enzyme facilitates industrial applications owing to its stability, reusability, and cost-effectiveness. This study was focused on the enhancement of the properties of alginate lyase and improvement of the production of AOS. Alginate lyase was immobilized on magnetic nanoparticles (NPs) using glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker. The study showed that the maximum binding achieved between NPs and protein in the enzyme was 71% at a ratio of 1:150 NP:protein. As a result of immobilization, the optimum activity of free enzyme which was obtained at 37 °C and pH 7.4 changed to 45 °C and pH 9. Furthermore, the enzyme was thermostable at 45 °C for 3 h with up to 50% reusability for six consecutive cycles. Storage stability after 15 days showed ~67% relative hydrolysis of alginate. The free alginate lyase (25 IU) showed 76% raw biomass (seaweed) hydrolysis which is higher compared to 63% provided by the immobilized enzyme. As a result of efficient hydrolysis, AOSs with molecular weight profile of 370–1040 kDa were produced and detected using HPLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a novel nanocarrier based on magnetic nanoparticles was synthesized via a facile method and modified by alginate. The synthesized nanocarrier was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, vibrating sample magnetometer, and x-ray diffraction analysis. Different factors were optimized to evaluate the adsorption of imatinib on the nanoadsorbent. Imatinib was chosen as an anti-cancer drug, and the release rate of imatinib was investigated in simulated human blood (pH = 7.4) and simulated cancer (pH = 5.6) fluids. The drug adsorption isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics were studied. Based on the equilibrium adsorption results, the Langmuir isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic models indicated a better fit than other models. Values of the enthalpy and entropy for drug sorption on the nanoadsorbent were positive. The negative value of Gibbs free energy reveals the spontaneous and feasible adsorption of imatinib on the nanoadsorbent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Macrophages are known to depict two major phenotypes: classically activated macrophages (M1), associated with high production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and alternatively activated macrophages (M2), which present an anti-inflammatory function. A precise control over M1-M2 polarization is a promising strategy in therapeutics to modulate both tissue regeneration and tumor progression processes. However, this is not a simple task as macrophages behave differently depending on the microenvironment. In agreement with this, non-consistent data have been reported regarding macrophages response to magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (MNPs). To investigate the impact of both tissue microenvironment and MNPs properties on the obtained macrophage responses, single-core (SC) and multi-core (MC) citrate coated MNPs, are synthesized and, afterwards, loaded with a macrophage polarization trigger, IL-4. The developed MNPs are then tested in macrophages subjected to different stimuli. We demonstrate that macrophages treated with low concentrations of MNPs behave differently depending on the polarization stage independently of the concentration of iron. Moreover, we find out that MNPs size and morphology determines the effect of the IL-4 loaded MNPs on M1 macrophages, since IL-4 loaded SC MNPs favor the polarization of M1 macrophages towards M2 phenotype, while IL-4 loaded MC MNPs further stimulate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study developed a magnetic solid acid catalyst for corncob hydrolysis. The core, Fe3O4 nanoparticle of the catalyst, was prepared using the co-precipitation method, which was supported by SiO2 nanoparticles prepared from rice husk ash. The Fe3O4/C–SiO2 was modified to produce a solid acid catalyst via the sulfonation method. Properties of Fe3O4/C and the sulfonated catalyst were assessed using FTIR, SEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, and VSM. Pretreated corncob was hydrolyzed at 80, 90, and 100 oC under a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:10, using sulfonated Fe3O4/C for 100 min. Results showed that sulfonated Fe3O4/C–SiO2 contained HSO3 group indicating the success of the sulfonation process. The catalyst possessed a porous surface with a surface area of 72 m2/g and a total acid density of 0.96 mmol/g. The hydrolysis rate of corncob increased with reaction time and temperature, with the highest total reducing sugar observed at 90 °C. Batch data obtained from the corncob hydrolysis using a solid catalyst can be described by Saeman's and integral first-order reaction models, establishing that cellulose hydrolysis is a first-order reaction. The activation energy for glucose formation was 12.33 and 42.4 kJ/mol for Saeman's and first-order reaction models, respectively. Thermodynamic parameters; ∆H, ∆S, and ∆G revealed that the hydrolysis process was thermodynamically favoured, and the glucose formation was more stable relative to the degradation products. Sulfonated Fe3O4/C–SiO2 showed sustained activity after being reused four times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the presence of different nanoparticles (NPs) has developed targeting drug delivery in treatment of cancer cell. Targeted drug delivery systems using NPs have shown great promise in improving the efficacy of intracellular uptake as well as local concentration of therapeutics with minimizing side effects. The current study planned to synthesized resveratrol-loaded magnetic niosomes nanoparticles (RSV-MNIONPs) and evaluate their cytotoxicity activity in pancreatic cancer cells. For this aim, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were synthesized and loaded into niosomes (NIOs) by the thin film hydration technique and then characterized via DLS, FT-IR, TEM, SEM and VSM techniques. Moreover, the cytotoxic activity of the RSV-MNIONPs on the Capan-1 cells line was assessed by the MTT test. The distribution number of RSV-MNIONPs was gained about 80 nm and 95 nm with surface charge of − 14.0 mV by SEM and TEM analysis, respectively. RSV loading efficacy in NIOs was about 85%, and the drug releases pattern displayed a sustained discharge with a maximum amount about 35% and 40%, within 4 h in pH = 7.4 and pH = 5.8, respectively. The cytotoxicity of the RSV-MNIONPs in the presence of an external magnetic field is higher than that of the RSV, indicating enhanced cellular uptake in their encapsulated states. Furthermore, RSV loaded MNNPs were found to induce more cell cycle arrest at the G0/G1 checkpoint than free RSV. Compared with RSV-treated cells, the mRNA expression levels of BAX, Bcl2, FAS, P 53, Cyclin D and hTERT, were significantly changed in cells treated with RSV loaded MNNPs. The niosomes NPs approaches have been widely used to attain higher solubility, improved bioavailability, enhanced stability, and control delivery of RSV. Our formulation displayed antitumor activity and can be considered an appropriate carrier with a great potential for future usage in cancer therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Magnetically responsive hydrogels have great advantages in bone tissue engineering, which is more conducive to the minimally invasive and efficient promotion of osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE: To review the application advances of magnetically responsive hydrogels in bone tissue engineering. METHODS: PubMed, Web of Science, WanFang and CNKI databases were used to search relevant literature. The English search terms were “Magnetic Hydrogels, Magnetic Nanoparticles, Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles, Fe3O4, SPIONs, Magnetic Fields, Bone Regeneration, Bone Repair, Bone Tissue Engineering”. The Chinese search terms were “Magnetic Hydrogel, Magnetic Nanoparticles, Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Magnetic Field, Iron Oxide Nanoparticles, Bone Regeneration, Bone Reconstruction, Bone Repair, Bone Tissue Engineering”. After preliminary screening of all articles according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 60 articles were finally retained for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) In recent years, due to the emergence of magnetic nanoparticles, more and more magnetic responsive scaffold materials have been developed. Among them, magnetic responsive hydrogels containing iron oxide nanoparticles and superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have outstanding mechanical properties and good biocompatibility. It can quickly respond to the external magnetic field and provide the magnetic-mechanical signals needed for seed cells to form bone. (2) Magnetic-responsive hydrogel can be used as a carrier to accurately regulate the release time of growth factors. (3) Under the three-dimensional microenvironment culture platform based on magnetically responsive hydrogel, the magnetic force at the interface between the magnetic response hydrogel and cells can activate cell surface sensitive receptors, enhance cell activity, and promote the integration of new bone and host bone. (4) The injectable magnetically responsive hydrogel can be used in the field of magnetic hyperthermia and biological imaging of bone tumors. (5) At present, magnetically responsive hydrogels are expected to mimic the anisotropic layered structure observed in natural bone tissue. However, most of the studies on magnetically responsive hydrogels focus on in vitro studies, and the mechanism of interaction between magnetically responsive hydrogels and the local microenvironment in vivo is still insufficient. (6) Therefore, based on the successful application of magnetic nanoparticles in magnetic resonance imaging, it is expected to optimize the properties of magnetic nanoparticles in the future to construct magnetic responsive hydrogels with suitable degradation properties, mechanical properties, and vascular functionalization, which can monitor changes in vivo in real time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer is still the leading cause of death in the world despite the developing research and treatment opportunities. Failure of these treatments is generally associated with cancer stem cells (CSCs), which cause metastasis and are defined by their resistance to radio- and chemotherapy. Although known stem cell isolation methods are not sufficient for CSC isolation, they also bring a burden in terms of cost. The aim of this study is to develop a high-efficiency, low-cost, specific method for cancer stem cell isolation with magnetic functional nanoparticles. This study, unlike the stem cell isolation techniques (MACS, FACS) used today, was aimed to isolate cancer stem cells (separation of CD133+ cells) with nanoparticles with specific affinity and modification properties. For this purpose, affinity-based magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized by providing surface activity and chemical reactivity, as well as making surface modifications necessary for both lectin affinity and metal affinity interactions. In the other part of the study, synthesized and characterized functional polymeric magnetic nanoparticles were used for the isolation of CSC from the human osteosarcoma cancer cell line (SAOS-2) with a cancer stem cell subpopulation bearing the CD133 surface marker. The success and efficiency of separation after stem cell isolation were evaluated via the MACS and FACS methods. As a result, when the His-graft-mg-p(HEMA) nanoparticle was used at a concentration of 0.1 µg/mL for 106 and 108 cells, superior separation efficiency to commercial microbeads was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnetic nanoparticles can enhance the electrical and thermal conductivity of polymers, which are widely used in fields such as machinery, biomedicine, and energy storage. When a non-uniform magnetic field is imposed externally, the induced magnetic field cannot be ignored in the case of high Reynolds numbers. To explore the effects of magnetic nanoparticles on the unsteady flow and magnetic diffusion of viscoelastic fluid over the stretching sheet within the laminar boundary layer, the time distributed-order Maxwell constitutive equation was coupled with the momentum equation to establish partial differential equations for the velocity and magnetic diffusion of a 2D incompressible Maxwell magnetic nanofluid. Numerical analysis was performed with the finite difference method, and the velocity and the induced magnetic field distribution of the fluid within the boundary layer were analyzed by control of the magnetic nanoparticle type, the volume fraction and the magnetic parameter magnitude. The results show that, the velocity and induced magnetic field of the fluid are the largest in the case of Fe2O3 nanoparticles added to molten polymers, besides, the velocity and magnetic boundary layer thickness is the largest. With the increase of the Maxwell nanofluid relaxation time parameter, both the velocity and the magnetic diffusion will decrease. In addition, the velocity boundary layer thickness and the magnetic boundary layer thickness of the fluid decrease with the magnetic parameter. The larger the volume fraction of Fe3O4 nanoparticles is, the faster the fluid flow and the smaller the induced magnetic field will be. Therefore, the study of the addition of magnetic nanoparticles to polymers in non-uniform magnetic fields gives referential data for improving material properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous nations are grappling with a significant challenge related to the prevalence of fluorosis, stemming from elevated fluoride levels in drinking water. This study aims to investigate avenues for eliminating fluoride from water solutions utilizing cost-effective, nontoxic, and readily available adsorbents. In this research, Fe3O4-ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized using the hydrothermal method which is a simple and environmentally friendly method that can be easily performed on a large scale. X-Ray diffraction analysis and Williamson-Hall plots were used to study the phase purity, crystallite size, strain, lattice constant, and d-spacing of the samples. The morphology of the samples was investigated through Scanning Electron Microscopy and Transmission Electron Microscope. The formation of nanocomposites was investigated by Vibrating Sample Magnetometer analyses. The Fe3O4 -ZnO nanocomposites were then used for fluoride removal from water. The results showed that Fe3O4 -ZnO-2 could absorb 78% of the fluoride after 80 minutes. Then, Fe3O4 -ZnO-2 was collected using a magnet within 50 seconds. These results are important in that, despite their simplicity, it has no side effects on the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mycotoxin contamination of food crops is a global challenge due to their unpredictable occurrence and severe adverse health effects on humans. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop effective tools to prevent the accumulation of mycotoxins through the food chain. The use of magnetic nanoparticle (MNP)-assisted biosensors for detecting mycotoxin in complex foodstuffs has garnered great interest due to the significantly enhanced sensitivity and accuracy. Within such a context, this review includes the fundamentals and recent advances (2020-2023) in the area of mycotoxin monitoring in food matrices using MNP-based aptasensors and immunosensors. In this review, we start by providing a comprehensive introduction to the design of immunosensors (natural antibody or nanobody, random or site-oriented immobilization) and aptasensors (techniques for aptamer selection, characterization, and truncation). Meanwhile, special attention is paid to the multifunctionalities of MNPs (recoverable adsorbent, versatile carrier, and signal indicator) in preparingmycotoxin-specific biosensors. Further, the contribution of MNPs to the multiplexing determination of variousmycotoxins is summarized. Finally, challenges and future perspectives for the practical applications of MNP-assisted biosensors are also discussed. The progress and updates of MNP-based biosensors shown in this review are expected to offer readers valuable insights about the design of MNP-based tools for the effective detection of mycotoxins in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The CRISPR‐Cas9 technology has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of various diseases, including Rett syndrome, by enabling the correction of genes or mutations in human patient cells. However, several challenges need to be addressed before its widespread clinical application. These challenges include the low delivery efficiencies to target cells, the actual efficiency of the genome‐editing process, and the precision with which the CRISPR‐Cas system operates. Herein, the study presents a Magnetic Nanoparticle‐Assisted Genome Editing (MAGE) platform, which significantly improves the transfection efficiency, biocompatibility, and genome‐editing accuracy of CRISPR‐Cas9 technology. To demonstrate the feasibility of the developed technology, MAGE is applied to correct the mutated MeCP2 gene in induced pluripotent stem cell‐derived neural progenitor cells (iPSC‐NPCs) from a Rett syndrome patient. By combining magnetofection and magnetic‐activated cell sorting, MAGE achieves higher multi‐plasmid delivery (99.3%) and repairing efficiencies (42.95%) with significantly shorter incubation times than conventional transfection agents without size limitations on plasmids. The repaired iPSC‐NPCs showed similar characteristics as wild‐type neurons when they differentiated into neurons, further validating MAGE and its potential for future clinical applications. In short, the developed nanobio‐combined CRISPR‐Cas9 technology offers the potential for various clinical applications, particularly in stem cell therapies targeting different genetic diseases.

The present work elicits the synthesis of 2,2-dimethyl-2H-[1,3]dioxino[4,5-b]pyrrole-4(7H)-ones derivatives catalyzed by heterogeneous Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles supported N-acetyl-PABA@Cu(II), which address the limitations of traditional organic synthesis approaches in terms of sustainable and efficient, resulting in improved yields, higher selectivity with no waste. The decorum embraces four-component reactions (4CRs) of amines, aldehydes, meldrum’s acid, and nitromethane facilitated by Fe3O4-N-acetyl-PABA-Cu(II) in the presence of ethanol (CH3CH2OH) as an ecologically benign solvent under ultrasonic irradiation at room temperature. Outstanding conversion rates and selectivity were attained by the heterogeneous catalyst through great catalytic performance. The simple work-up, easy catalyst recovery, and no base or additional activators were required. Characterization of the structures of synthesized compounds and catalysts was corroborated through different spectroanalytical techniques viz; FTIR, 1H & 13C NMR, Mass elemental analyses, Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), Field-Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FE-SEM), Powder X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA), Particle size analysis and Zeta potential.

Phorate, a highly toxic organophosphorus pesticide, poses significant risks due to its efficiency, versatility, and affordability. Therefore, studying pretreatment and detection methods for phorate in complex samples is crucial. In this study, we synthesized core-shell phorate aptamer-functionalized magnetic nanoparticles using solvothermal and self-assembly techniques. Subsequently, we developed a magnetic dispersive solid-phase extraction and detection method to identifying phorate in plasma samples. Under optimal conditions, we achieved quantitation of phorate within a range of 2–700 ng·mL−1 using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The detection limit (S/N = 3) was 0.46 ng·mL−1, and the intraday and interday relative standard deviation were 3.4% and 4.1%, respectively. In addition, the material exhibited excellent specificity, an enrichment capacity (EF = 416), and reusability (≥15). During phorate extraction from real plasma samples, spiked recoveries ranged from 86.1% to 101.7%. These results demonstrate that our method offers superior extraction efficiency and detection capability for phorate in plasma samples.

Abstract Contamination of water with heavy metals as lead (Pb2+) is a relevant problematic issue. In this work, we have tested different types of dendritic materials for lead removal from water and further recovery. The systems employed are magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) modified with monocarboxylate and dendritic carboxylate ligands, and they are compared to pristine MNP and carbosilane dendrimers. They are all effective at removing Pb2+, but the key variations are in their recyclability. The usage of a filtering membrane was required for dendrimers, which was significantly degraded by the acidic media. In terms of MNP, those that were covered by dendritic molecules were clearly less damaged in acidic media. Finally, isotherm analysis revealed that Pb2+ interacts differently with unmodified and modified MNP.

Magnetic nanoparticles(MNP) have been recognised in numerous fields including nanobiotechnology, biomedical engineering, sensors, EMI, waste water management etc. This review highlights the different method for synthesis of magnetic nanoparticle/composite and its characterisation. This review also highlights the different types of magnetic nanoparticle and its composite as an alternative adsorbent in wastewater treatment. The need for surface modification of nano ferrites with different surface modification methods are highlighted broadly. The general mechanism of adsorption of different types of pollutants with magnetic nanoparticles has been discussed expansively. The main drive of the review is to provide recent information about the most important features of different MNPs and their composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated, for the first time, the hyperthermia properties, antibacterial, anticancer and antioxidant activities, as well as their toxicity, of Mn 0.25 Mg 0.25 Co 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 nanoparticles synthesized by the sol-gel auto-combustion method. X-ray diffraction results revealed a pure phase and good crystallinity of the synthesized. In addition, the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum confirmed the formation of the crystallographic sites of the synthesized structure. In terms of morphology, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the nanoparticles were agglomerated. In addition, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the nanoparticles had a cubic shape and a nanometric size of around 32 nm. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the chemical composition of the nanoparticles. With regard to magnetic properties, magnetic measurements showed almost ferrimagnetic behavior, with a saturation magnetization of 38.90 emu/g at room temperature. Hyperthermia measurements revealed relatively good heating efficiencies, with SAR value of 33W/g, good temperature rise and short time to reach magnetic hyperthermia temperature 42 °C (8 min). For biological activities the nanoparticles showed an excellent capacity to neutralize free radicals, eliminating 97% of DPPH and 95% of hydrogen peroxide. The dose of 40 mg/kg of the nanoparticles caused significant alterations in hematological and biochemical profiles. The material showed a significant effect on various bacterial strains, including Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis. The synthesized nanoparticles also showed significant activity against various cell lines, including MCF-7 and HeLa. These results strongly suggest the promising utilization of Mn 0.25 Mg 0.25 Co 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 , in many applications as a potential candidate for magnetic-mediated hyperthermia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although mesoporous silica with magnetically hybridized two-dimensional channel structures has been well studied in recent years, it remains a challenge to fabricate the counterpart with macroporous three-dimensional cubic structures since the highly acidic preparation conditions lead to dissolution of magnetic particles. Herein, we successfully prepared magnetic KIT-6 nano-composite and its amino derivatives by bearing acid-resistant iron oxide. The prepared materials exhibited excellent properties for U(VI) ions removal from aqueous solutions under various conditions. The experimental data show that the U(VI) adsorption features fast adsorption kinetics, high adsorption capacity and ideal selectivity toward U(VI). The adsorption process is of spontaneous and endothermic nature and ionic strength independence, and the adsorbents can be easily regenerated by acid treatment. Compared to pristine KIT-6, the introduction of magnetism does not reduce the efficiency of the material to remove U(VI) while exerting its role as a recovery adsorbent. The findings of this work further demonstrate the potential broad application prospects of magnetic hybrid mesoporous silica in radionuclide chelation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microcarriers provide a high surface-area-to-volume ratio that can realize high yields of cell products, including human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Here, we report a novel poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-based microcarrier for hMSC expansion in suspension culture. PVA microcarriers were prepared as collagen-coated PVA hydrogels 181 μm in size and a high surface-area-to-weight ratio of 2945 cm2/g. The PVA microcarriers supported a 2.6-fold expansion of hMSCs in a 30-mL single-use stirred bioreactor after a 7 d culture period, comparable to that of commercially available microcarriers. Interestingly, we observed that hMSCs on PVA microcarriers adhered to adjacent microcarriers, resulting in the aggregation of hMSC-PVA microcarriers. Therefore, we conducted a long-term expansion culture using a bead-to-bead cell transfer method with PVA microcarriers. Fresh microcarriers were added to the cell-populated microcarriers in the bioreactor on days 7 and 14. hMSCs on PVA microcarriers continued to grow for 21 d using the bead-to-bead cell transfer method. Furthermore, magnetic PVA (PVA-mag) microcarriers were developed by loading magnetic nanoparticles into PVA microcarriers, and we demonstrated that these PVA-mag microcarriers enabled cell recovery by magnetic separation. These results suggest that these PVA microcarriers can contribute to the large-scale culture of hMSCs for regenerative medicine and cell therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revolutionized medical imaging diagnostics with the advantages of non-invasive nature, absence of ionizing radiation, unrestricted penetration depth, high-resolution imaging of soft tissues, organs and blood vessels, and multi-parameter and multi-sequence imaging. Contrast agents (CAs) are crucial for enhancing image quality, detecting molecular-level changes, and providing comprehensive diagnostic information in contrast enhanced MRI. However, the performance of clinical Gd-based CAs represents a limitation to the improvement of MRI sensitivity, specificity, and versatility, thereby impeding the achievement of satisfactory imaging outcomes. In recent years, the development of magnetic nanoparticle-based CAs has emerged as a promising avenue to enhance the capabilities of MRI. Here, we review the advances in magnetic nanoparticle-based MRI CAs, including blood pool CAs, biochemically-targeted CAs, stimulus-responsive CAs, and ultra-high field MRI CAs, as well as the use of CAs for cell labeling and tracking. Additionally, we offer insights into the future prospects and challenges associated with the integration of these nanoparticles into clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination of water with heavy metals as lead (Pb2+) is a relevant problematic issue. In this work, we have tested different types of dendritic materials for lead removal from water and further recovery. The systems employed are magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) modified with monocarboxylate and dendritic carboxylate ligands, and they are compared to pristine MNP and carbosilane dendrimers. They are all effective at removing Pb2+, but the key variations are in their recyclability. The usage of a filtering membrane was required for dendrimers, which was significantly degraded by the acidic media. In terms of MNP, those that were covered by dendritic molecules were clearly less damaged in acidic media. Finally, isotherm analysis revealed that Pb2+ interacts differently with unmodified and modified MNP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient cell separation techniques are required for the isolation of various cellular populations in fundamental research. In the present study, five types of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been designed to isolate CD4+ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells. MNPs were synthesized by a modified solvothermal method and subsequently coated by a silica shell through the sol-gel process. Then, the anti-CD4 antibody was conjugated on the surface of different groups of MNPs, which were functionalized with various cross-linkers (including the carboxylic and aldehyde groups) and proteins (such as protein A and streptavidin). The performance of prepared MNPs for the separation of CD4+ lymphocytes was investigated by optical microscopy and flow-cytometry. This study revealed that the cell isolation rates by different functionalized groups, including aldehyde, carboxyl, CHO-protein A, COOH-protein A, and streptavidin conjugated with nanoparticles, were 32 ± 3, 32 ± 1, 80 ± 4, 70 ± 1, and 71 ± 2%, respectively. Based on such data, the CHO-protein A-functionalized MNPs have been considered a practical choice to separate CD4+ T cells with over 92 ± 3% purity. MNPs obtained in the study provide an adequate tool for the cell isolation method and further present the dramatic potential to be applied to several fields of biomedical purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]