465 results on '"magnitudes"'
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2. JOGO DIDÁTICO "DIRETO INVERSO": UMA FERRAMENTA PARA O ENSINO DE CIÊNCIAS E MATEMÁTICA.
- Author
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Cardoso de Sousa, Benedita, Lima Ramos, Lília Gonçalves, and Araújo Pinto, Rosana de Andrade
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TREASURE hunt (Game) ,SCHOOL children ,EDUCATIONAL games ,LEARNING ,BOARD games - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
3. The late origins of the timeline, or: three paradoxes explained.
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Lüthy, Christoph
- Abstract
We are all used to drawing straight lines to represent time, and above them, we plot historical events or physical or economic data. What to us is a self-evident convention, is however of an astonishingly recent date: it emerged only in the second half of the eighteenth century. To us, this late date seems paradoxical and cries out for an explanation. How else did earlier periods measure change, if not as a function of time? it will be argued that since Antiquity, time was taken to measure change, and change to occur in space. ‘Our’ idea of representing time as an independent dimension would have seemed aberrant. But then, a second issue arises. Did not medieval natural philosophers employ timelines, Oresme’s diagram of the mean speed theorem being the most famous case? However, as will be shown, our interpretation of his diagram is probably wrong. This insight, in turn, takes care of a third paradox, namely Galileo’s initial inability to represent the law of free fall correctly. This article will document that the timeline first emerged in the late sixteenth century in works on chronology, made its first appearance in physics in Galileo’s diagrams, and had its general breakthrough in the eighteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Features of Designing a Star Catalog for Orientation Sensors of Space Vehicles.
- Author
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Avanesov, G. A. and Elyashev, Ya. D.
- Subjects
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SPACE vehicles , *ASTRONOMICAL photography , *SURFACE of the earth , *STELLAR magnitudes , *CATALOGS - Abstract
A brief history of the creation of star orientation sensors at the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences (IKI RAS) and star catalogs for them is presented. An experiment carried out in the early 1970s on synchronous photography of stars and the Earth's surface from the manned stations Salyut-2 and -3 is described. The difficulties of entering photographs into electronic computers (computers) of that time are shown. Based on the SAO, Hipparcos and Gaia star catalogs, about 11000 microcatalogs have been compiled around the brightest stars in the celestial sphere. Each of them contains in the center one star with a magnitude of up to 7.8m and all the surrounding stars up to 13m within a radius of 15′. The microcatalogs are combined into the "Basic Star Catalog," which in the near future will be used to compile onboard star catalogs for the orientation sensors of the BOKZ family of spacecraft. To work with the base catalog, two programs have been developed and are used in test mode: Catalog Guide and Star Manager. The first program is designed to view the base catalog, visualize its fragments and compile lists of stars with specified parameters. The second program is of a computational and analytical nature. It contains mathematical models of star orientation sensors of the BOKZ family, as well as a mathematical apparatus that allows for detailed modeling of the most subtle elements of onboard data processing. Both programs can operate in manual and automatic modes. A sequence of actions worked out manually on several stars can then be performed automatically for large lists of stars. The article describes the structure and content of the base directory, and also illustrates working with it using programs specially developed for this purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Peak ground acceleration prediction using supervised machine learning algorithm for the seismically hazardous Kachchh rift zone, Gujarat, India.
- Author
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Mandal, Prantik and Mandal, Priyank
- Subjects
SUPERVISED learning ,MACHINE learning ,GROUND motion ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,EARTHQUAKE magnitude ,SEISMIC wave velocity - Abstract
The lack of essential input parameters and the utilisation of the least squares technique have led to a significant amount of uncertainty in the predictive model of empirical ground motion prediction models (GMPEs) in India. These models are primarily based on epicentral distances and magnitudes. In the present study, we employ a supervised Machine Learning approach known as XGBoost to develop a reliable and robust GMPE for estimating peak ground acceleration (PGA) in Kachchh, Gujarat. Our methodology utilises various independent input parameters, including moment magnitudes, hypocentral distances, focal depths, and site proxy represented by the average seismic shear-wave velocity from the surface to a depth of 30 m (V
s30 ). The research utilised a dataset of seismic records, specifically eight engineering seismoscope (SRR) records from the 2001 Mw 7.7 Bhuj mainshock and 237 strong-motion records from 32 notable Bhuj aftershocks of Mw 3.3–5.6 (occurring between 2002 and 2008). These records were collected at various epicentral distances, ranging from 1.0 to 288 km. The ground motion predictability of our XGBoost model is assessed by conducting tests on both the entire dataset and a randomised test dataset comprising 30% of the total data points. The correlation coefficient between the observed and predicted PGA values for the entire dataset is determined to be ± 0.994. Conversely, when examining the predictability of the XGBoost model on the randomised test dataset, we observe a correlation coefficient of 0.844. The XGBoost model demonstrates superior predictive performance compared to the previously developed GMPEs for Kachchh, Gujarat. These GMPEs were derived using artificial neural networks and nonlinear least squares methods, utilising the same PGA dataset. Additionally, the developed XGBoost model exhibits a high level of predictability, indicating its ability to accurately forecast the observed PGA dataset for four earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from Mw 5.6 to Mw 7.7. These earthquakes include the 2001 Mw 7.7 Bhuj (Gujarat) mainshock, the 1999 Mw 6.6 Chamoli mainshock, and two Mw 5.6 Bhuj aftershocks in 2006. This suggests that the XGBoost ML GMPE model developed in this study holds potential for effectively estimating ground motions for earthquakes occurring in Kachchh, Gujarat, India. Furthermore, it may also prove valuable in predicting ground motions for earthquakes in Uttarakhand, India. The findings of our study indicate that the classification of sites into different classes based on varying soil types, with a Vs30 range of 180–1500 m/s, has a substantial impact on the attenuation curves predicted by the XGBoost model. The XGBoost model is also implemented in Python and included in this article for future utilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
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6. Assemblies as semigroups
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Ulderico Dardano, Bruno Dinis, and Giuseppina Terzo
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Assembly ,Magnitudes ,Completely regular semigroup ,Band of groups ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
In this paper we give an algebraic characterization of assemblies in terms of bands of groups. We also consider substructures and homomorphisms of assemblies. We give many examples and counterexamples.
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- 2024
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7. Earthquake disaster database system in assessment and prediction of seismic hazard.
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Pallavi, Joshi, Sandeep, Das, Ranjit, and Bairwa, Amit Kumar
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EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis , *EARTHQUAKE resistant design , *EARTHQUAKES , *DATABASES , *HAZARD mitigation , *SEISMIC networks , *STRAIN rate - Abstract
A homogeneous earthquake database is required to research earthquake occurrence patterns throughout time and space, as well as for a variety of technical applications such as seismic hazard assessment, peak ground acceleration computation, and long-term seismic strain rate estimation. Naturally, its seismic network and earthquake database have evolved in tandem with advances in seismology research. Magnitude is one of the most essential factors in determining the size of an earthquake, notably in seismic hazard assessment research. A rigorous and critical examination of these studies was created to compare various interpretations of existing earthquake data in terms of seismic characteristics (date, location, and size) and to determine the most trustworthy interpretation for each tremor. In terms of moment magnitude, the earthquake catalog is homogenized. The catalog compilation technique, the elimination of redundant events, the consolidation of magnitude scales, and the declustering process are used to remove dependent events, and its completeness analysis is well explained. Several magnitude-conversion method relationships, corresponding to known locals and regionals, have been constructed to offer uniform estimates of the moment magnitude for the whole collection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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8. Mass Computations of the Brightness of Stars in an Arbitrary Spectral Band.
- Author
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Prokhorov, M. E., Zakharov, A.I., Moshkalev, V. G., Krusanova, N. L., and Tuchin, M. S.
- Subjects
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STELLAR magnitudes , *PHOTOMETRY , *ASTRONOMICAL photometry , *STATE universities & colleges - Abstract
The problem of calculating the brightness of an array of stars in an arbitrary photometric band, which is not the standard band of astronomical photometry, is considered from their multicolor photometry in some other photometric system. A similar problem is to transfer photometric measurements of stars from one multicolor photometric system to another. This task includes methods for calculating and comparing magnitudes, as well as merging photometric catalogs. The questions of choice of various zero-points of photometry and reduction of measurements for the atmosphere are considered. The issues of reducing the error of the proposed methods are discussed. The article is partly based on a report presented at the conference "Modern Stellar Astronomy-2022", held at the Caucasian Mountain Observatory of the Sternberg State Astronomical Institute, Moscow State University, in November 8–10, 2022. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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9. CONTENTS AND VEHICLES IN ANALOG PERCEPTION.
- Author
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BECK, JACOB
- Subjects
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VIRTUES , *PARADIGM (Linguistics) , *MENTAL imagery , *FORMAL languages , *NATURAL languages - Abstract
Building on Christopher Peacocke's account of analog perceptual content and my own account of analog perceptual vehicles, I defend three claims: that the perception of magnitudes often has analog contents; that the perception of magnitudes often has analog vehicles; and that the first claim is true in virtue of the second--that is, the analog vehicles help to ground the analog contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. AGAINST MAGNITUDE REALISM.
- Author
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LEE, GEOFFREY
- Subjects
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REALISM , *VALUES (Ethics) , *ARGUMENT , *EXPLANATION , *SEMANTICS , *REDUCTIONISM , *TEMPERATURE , *RELATIONISM - Abstract
In recent work, Christopher Peacocke has argued for a kind of realism (or anti-reductionism) about magnitudes such as temperature and spatial distance. Peacocke's argument is that magnitudes are an ineliminable commitment of scientific and everyday explanations (including high-level explanations), and that they are the natural candidates for semantic values of our ordinary magnitude talk, and for contents of our mental states. I critique these arguments, in particular focusing on whether the realist has a satisfactory account of how high-level magnitude facts are grounded in lower-level facts. I argue that a less realist (i.e., more reductionist approach) is preferable, or at least viable. I also aim to substantially clarify what is at stake in the debate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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11. Hydrological Extremes Anomalies and Trends in Lower Danube Basin: Case Study—Romanian Drainage Area Between Siret and Prut Rivers
- Author
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Minea, Ionuţ, Iosub, Marina, Enea, Andrei, Boicu, Daniel, Chelariu, Oana-Elena, Negm, Abdelazim, editor, Zaharia, Liliana, editor, and Ioana-Toroimac, Gabriela, editor
- Published
- 2022
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12. Peak ground acceleration prediction using artificial neural networks for Kachchh, Gujarat, India.
- Author
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Mandal, Prantik
- Subjects
GROUND motion ,EARTHQUAKE prediction ,SEISMIC wave velocity ,BACK propagation ,ARTIFICIAL neural networks ,EARTHQUAKE resistant design ,FORECASTING - Abstract
The uncertainty in the empirical ground motion prediction models (GMMs) for any region depends on several parameters. In the present work, we apply an artificial neural network (ANN) to design a GMM of peak ground acceleration (PGA) for Kachchh, Gujarat, India, utilizing independent input parameters viz., moment magnitudes, hypocentral distances, focal depths and site proxy (in terms of average seismic shear-wave velocity from the surface to a depth of 30 m (V
s30 )). The study has been performed using a PGA dataset consisting of eight engineering seismoscope records of the 2001 Mw 7.7 Bhuj earthquake and 237 strong-motion records of 32 significant Bhuj aftershocks of Mw 3.3–5.6 (during 2002–2008) with epicentral distances ranging from 1.0 to 288 km. We apply a feed-forward back propagation ANN method with 8 hidden nodes, which is found to be optimal for the selected PGA database and input–output mapping. The standard deviation of the error has been utilized to examine the performance of our model. We also test the ground motion predictability of our ANN model using real recordings of the 2001 Bhuj mainshock, two Mw 5.6 Kachchh aftershocks and the 1999 Mw 6.4 Chamoli mainshock. The standard deviation of PGA prediction error estimates in log10 units is found to be ± 0.2554. Also, the model predictability of our ANN model suggests a good prediction of the PGA for earthquakes of Mw 5.6–7.7, which are occurring in Kachchh, Gujarat, India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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13. Gradient Organization of Space, Time, and Numbers in the Brain: A Meta-analysis of Neuroimaging Studies
- Author
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Cona, Giorgia, Wiener, Martin, Allegrini, Francesco, and Scarpazza, Cristina
- Published
- 2023
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14. A Seismological and Geophysical Database of Kos Island: 10 Years of Digital Records
- Author
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Alexandra Moshou
- Subjects
magnitudes ,earthquakes ,aftershocks ,seismicity ,big data ,seismological data ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 - Abstract
A ten-year complete seismological database is evaluated in the present work. These data are provided for events with magnitude ML ≥ 1.0, which have occurred in Eastern Greece and, more specifically, in Kos Island. Several selection criteria are applied and, hence, a catalog of the seismological records is compiled. Detailed big data (seismological, tide gauge, geodetic stations, accelerometers, etc.) of this region are used and processed in this work. The database consists of approximately 35,000 three-component broadband seismograms from 1198 digitally recorded events. It covers the last ten years of measurements, including records from the 20 July 2017, ML 6.2, Kos Island, Greece event. The seismological communities can either use this database to conduct new research or improve already existing seismic hazard studies in the region.
- Published
- 2021
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15. On Armstrong's Radical Absolutism.
- Author
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Tricard, Julien
- Subjects
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SOIL structure , *SPECIAL relativity (Physics) , *ELECTRIC charge - Abstract
This may give us a criterium to sort magnitudes into families: two magnitudes are of the same quantity, say mass, in virtue of the fact that I each i intrinsically is a magnitude of mass, because it is constituted by lower mass-magnitudes ([11], p. 640). Yet, these magnitudes are prima facie I different i properties, and there is simply no obvious reason to think that I being of mass 1 kg i should be stored with I being of mass 1 pound i rather than I being of charge 1 coulomb i . Keywords: quantities; armstrong; absolutism; comparativism; magnitudes; relations; metrical internalism EN quantities armstrong absolutism comparativism magnitudes relations metrical internalism 95 115 21 04/15/22 20220401 NES 220401 1 Introduction Particular objects exhibit quantitative characteristics, like mass or charge. Another of Armstrong's arguments is based on what [10] names the "Necessity Assumption": given two magnitudes I being two kilograms in mass i and I being one kilogram in mass i , it is a necessary truth that the latter stands in the relation I being twice as massive as i with the former. [Extracted from the article]
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- 2022
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16. Concepción del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del contenido magnitudes en el primer ciclo de la Educación Primaria.
- Author
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Valdivia Hernández, Damaris, Concepción Cuétara, Pedro Manuel, and Rodríguez Companioni, Osmel
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PRIMARY education ,EDUCATIONAL attainment ,APPRENTICESHIP programs ,TEACHERS ,DILEMMA - Abstract
Copyright of Roca: Revista Científico-Educacional de la Provincia de Granma is the property of Universidad de Granma, Departamento Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
17. Anomalies and trends of high river flow under temperate climatic conditions in north-eastern Romania
- Author
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Ionuț Minea and Oana Elena Chelariu
- Subjects
anomalies ,eastern romania ,high flow quantile perturbation method ,magnitudes ,partial trend method ,trends ,Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering ,TD1-1066 ,Environmental sciences ,GE1-350 - Abstract
Regional water resource management plans include various scenarios related to the anomalies and trends of hydro-climatic parameters. Two methods are used for the identification of the anomalies and trends associated with high flow (annual and seasonal) of the rivers in Eastern Romania, namely the quantile perturbation method (QPM) and the partial trend method (PMT). These methods were selected due to the fact that they are suitable for data sets which do not rely on restrictive statistical assumption as common parametric and nonparametric trend tests do. For six of the nine stations analyzed, the decreasing trend in high extremes for annual high flow based on the PTM is the same as the annual trend obtained with the QPM. Using the PI index (associated with PTM) for the estimation of trend intensity, values between −2.280 and −9.015 m3/s were calculated for the decreasing trend of the annual high flow and between +1,633 m3/s (in autumn) and −9.940 m3/s (in summer) for the seasonal high flow. The results obtained on the anomalies and trends of high river flow may represent a starting point in the analysis of the evolution of water resources and their effective management.
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- 2021
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18. Analysis of Spatial Data and Time Series for Predicting Magnitude of Seismic Zones in Bangladesh
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Md Tanzim, Sarker, Yeasmin, Sadia, Hussain, Muhammad Abrar, Rezoan Tamal, T. M., Hasan, Rashidul, Rahman, Tanjir, Rahman, Rashedur M., Kacprzyk, Janusz, Series Editor, Pal, Nikhil R., Advisory Editor, Bello Perez, Rafael, Advisory Editor, Corchado, Emilio S., Advisory Editor, Hagras, Hani, Advisory Editor, Kóczy, László T., Advisory Editor, Kreinovich, Vladik, Advisory Editor, Lin, Chin-Teng, Advisory Editor, Lu, Jie, Advisory Editor, Melin, Patricia, Advisory Editor, Nedjah, Nadia, Advisory Editor, Nguyen, Ngoc Thanh, Advisory Editor, Wang, Jun, Advisory Editor, and Silhavy, Radek, editor
- Published
- 2019
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19. Taking values seriously.
- Author
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Bykvist, Krister
- Subjects
CONCORD ,NEUTRALITY ,AXIOMS ,ONTOLOGY ,VELOCITY - Abstract
Recently, there has been a revival in taking empirical magnitudes seriously. Weights, heights, velocities and the like have been accepted as abstract entities in their own right rather than just equivalence classes of objects. The aim of my paper is to show that this revival should include value magnitudes. If we posit such magnitudes, important value comparisons (cross-world, cross-time, mind to world, cross-theory, cross-polarity, ratio) can be easily explained; it becomes easier to satisfy the axioms for measurement of value; goodness, badness, and neutrality can be given univocal definitions; value aggregation can be given a non-mathematical understanding which allows for Moorean organic unities. Of course, this does not come for free. One has to accept a rich ontology of abstract value magnitudes, but, to quote David Lewis, 'The price is right; the benefits in theoretical unity and economy are well worth the entities.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. A Seismological and Geophysical Database of Kos Island: 10 Years of Digital Records.
- Author
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Moshou, Alexandra
- Subjects
SEISMOLOGY ,GEOPHYSICS ,GEODESY ,SEISMOGRAMS ,ACCELEROMETERS ,SPEED-indicators - Abstract
A ten-year complete seismological database is evaluated in the present work. These data are provided for events with magnitude ML -1.0, which have occurred in Eastern Greece and, more specifically, in Kos Island. Several selection criteria are applied and, hence, a catalog of the seismological records is compiled. Detailed big data (seismological, tide gauge, geodetic stations, accelerometers, etc.) of this region are used and processed in this work. The database consists of approximately 35,000 three-component broadband seismograms from 1198 digitally recorded events. It covers the last ten years of measurements, including records from the 20 July 2017, ML 6.2, Kos Island, Greece event. The seismological communities can either use this database to conduct new research or improve already existing seismic hazard studies in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. DEFINITION BY ABSTRACTION AS A METHOD OF THE EMPIRICAL SCIENCES.
- Author
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HANZEL, IGOR
- Subjects
EMPIRICAL research ,DEFINITIONS ,CLASSICAL mechanics - Abstract
In this paper, I analyze the structure of definition by abstraction employed in empirical sciences, whose specific feature is that it enables one to introduce a new magnitude on the basis of other, already known magnitudes. After reconstructing Aristotle's and Archimedes' treatment of the term "velocity," I characterize in general terms the importance of this method for empirical sciences and address the nature of this definition drawing on Peano's reconstruction. Next, I show that by means of that definition the magnitude mass can be introduced in classical mechanics, and the magnitude value in political economy drawing on the works of Ricardo. Then follows a critique of the nominalistic objections of Reichenbach and Dubislav against definition by abstraction. Finally, I show that this type of definition requires an in-depth semantic characterization, and this characterization should be based on the application of a hyperintensional semantic theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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22. Experimentos matemáticos para enseñar las magnitudes en el primer ciclo de la Educación Primaria
- Author
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Andel Pérez González, Soribel Martínez Pinto, and Martha Beatriz Valdés Rojas
- Subjects
experimentos ,magnitudes ,matemática ,proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje ,educación primaria ,Education ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
La sociedad actual demanda de hombres y mujeres capaces de asumir las constantes transformaciones que ocurren a diario en cada contexto social. Ante esta realidad, los sistemas educativos exigen el logro de un proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje que promueva la participación de los escolares durante su formación integral desde edades tempranas. En este sentido, la asignatura Matemática plantea como lineamientos metodológicos de interés el logro de la educación integral aprovechando las potencialidades de los contenidos, el tratamiento de estos a partir de situaciones o problemáticas de la vida práctica, la reflexión y la comprensión de sus significados. Al respecto, en este artículo se presenta la utilización de experimentos matemáticos sencillos como una alternativa didáctica que puede favorecer el aprendizaje de las magnitudes y se ofrecen ejemplos posibles a utilizar en el primer ciclo de la Educación Primaria.
- Published
- 2019
23. Magnitudes of diseases in dogs vary among different levels of age, gender, breed, and season: A hospital-based, retrospective cross-sectional study
- Author
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Mohammod Misbah Uddin, Himel Talukder, Obaidul Islam, Md. Asaduzzaman, Moumita Das, Md. Irtija Ahsan, and Saiful Islam
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Magnitudes ,Determinants ,Dog diseases ,Bangladesh ,Science (General) ,Q1-390 ,Social sciences (General) ,H1-99 - Abstract
Dogs, the most common companion animal of humans, perform not only the auxiliary of an individual, but also contribute to the nations’ crime and defence departments. Knowing the determinant-based disease status of dogs is imperative to keep them healthy by subsequent prevention and control of those diseases; however, such baseline epidemiological information is limited. Therefore, a retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to estimate the proportional incidence of dog diseases to explore their magnitudes, and we compared them to different levels of intrinsic (age, gender, breed) and extrinsic determinants (season). Purposively, data of a total of 1,557 cases of different diseases were collected from the record book of the Central Veterinary Hospital (CVH), Dhaka, Bangladesh. The proportional incidence was calculated as the proportion of cases of a specific disease among total number of cases of all types of diseases attended the hospital during the study period. Diseases of dog were categorized into infectious, non-infectious, and non-specific. Results showed that the highest proportional incidence was noted in infectious diseases (53.8%) followed by non-infectious diseases (23.4%) and the lowest in non-specific (22.7%) cases. Among them, disease-specific proportional incidence was remarkable in case of mange (9.5%), parvovirosis (8.7%), lacerated wound (8.5%), ectoparasitism (8.3%), helminthiasis (7.8%), and fracture (5.7%). The occurrence of mange varied significantly (p < 0.05) among all studied determinants (age, gender, breed, and season); while significant discrepancies (p < 0.05) in magnitudes of lacerated wound, dystocia, abortion, and gastroenteritis were observed among various groups of age, gender, and breed. Accordingly, dermatitis and orchitis had significant differences (p < 0.05) in proportional incidence amid various levels of age, gender, and season; whilst the burden of parvovirosis and alopecia differed significantly (p < 0.05) amongst different categories of age, breed, and season. The magnitude of otorrhoea showed a significant (p < 0.05) variation among different groups of gender, breed, and season. The proportional incidence of other diseases also varied significantly (p < 0.05) amongst either one or two studied determinants. This study provides a valuable insight about important diseases in dogs, which may serve as useful baseline information for disease prioritization and subsequent planning of effective control and prevention measures against those diseases.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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24. B‐Positive: A Robust Estimator of Aftershock Magnitude Distribution in Transiently Incomplete Catalogs.
- Author
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van der Elst, Nicholas J.
- Subjects
- *
EARTHQUAKE aftershocks , *EARTHQUAKES , *MAGNITUDE estimation , *SEISMOLOGY , *EARTH movements - Abstract
The earthquake magnitude‐frequency distribution is characterized by the b‐value, which describes the relative frequency of large versus small earthquakes. It has been suggested that changes in b‐value after an earthquake can be used to discriminate whether that earthquake is part of a foreshock sequence or a more typical mainshock‐aftershock sequence, with a decrease in b‐value heralding a larger earthquake to come. However, the measurement of b‐value during an active aftershock sequence is strongly biased by short‐term incompleteness of the earthquake catalog and by data‐windowing, and these biases have the same direction as the proposed signal. Here I develop a new estimator of the b‐value that is insensitive to transient changes in catalog completeness and that does not require data windowing. The new estimator "b‐positive" is based on the positive‐only subset of the differences in magnitude between successive earthquakes, which are described by a double‐exponential (Laplace) distribution with the same b‐value as the magnitude distribution itself. The b‐positive estimator greatly improves the robustness of continuous b‐value measurements during active earthquake sequences, as well as in historical catalogs with unknown or variable completeness. The new estimator confirms some of the observations of Gulia and Wiemer (2019), although at a reduced level, showing a decrease and recovery of the b‐value during several recent foreshock sequences that cannot be attributed simply to measurement bias. However, the unbiased b‐value changes may be too subtle to use in a real‐time earthquake alarm system. Plain Language Summary: Earthquakes come in many sizes. Fortunately for us, small earthquakes are exponentially more common than large ones. Seismologists use a parameter called the "b‐value" to characterize just how many small earthquakes you expect (on average) for every big one. All else being equal, a high b‐value means a lower than average chance of a large earthquakes, while a low b‐value means a higher chance. B‐value is hard to measure in very active sequences where many smaller earthquakes go undetected. In this study, I propose an improved method for measuring b‐value that isn't affected by the detection problem. The new method is called "B‐positive" and is measured from the distribution of positive magnitude differences between successive earthquakes. This works because the distribution of magnitude differences is identical to the distribution of earthquake magnitudes, with the same b‐value, and because positive magnitude differences are not very affected by the small earthquake detection problem. The new tool confirms recent observations of low b‐value in some sequences that turn out to be foreshocks. Key Points: The distribution of magnitude differences is identical to the distribution of magnitudes, but with no reference to a minimum magnitudeThe positive subset of the differences between successive earthquakes is minimally biased by changing catalog completenessUnbiased statistics confirm subtle differences in b‐value between foreshock and aftershocks in several recent sequences [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Accuracy of magnitudes in pre‐telescopic star catalogs.
- Author
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Protte, Philipp and Hoffmann, Susanne M.
- Subjects
- *
STELLAR magnitudes , *CATALOGS , *HISTORY of astronomy - Abstract
Historical star magnitudes from catalogs by Ptolemy (137 AD), al‐Sūfī (964), and Tycho Brahe (1602/27) are converted to the Johnson V‐mag scale and compared to modern‐day values from the HIPPARCOS catalog. The deviations (or "errors") are tested for dependencies on three different observational influences. The relation between historical and modern magnitudes is found to be linear in all three catalogs as it had previously been shown for the Almagest data by Hearnshaw, J. B., 1999, New A Rev., 43, 403. A slight dependency on the color index (B‐V) is shown throughout the data sets and al‐Sūfī's, as well as Brahe's data also give fainter values for stars of lower culmination height (indicating extinction). In all three catalogs, a star's estimated magnitude is influenced by the brightness of its immediate surroundings. After correction for the three effects, the remaining variance within the magnitude errors can be considered approximate accuracy of the pre‐telescopic magnitude estimates. The final converted and corrected magnitudes are available via the Vizier catalog access tool (Ochsenbein, F., Bauer, P., & Marcout, J., 2000, A&AS, 143, 23). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. A relative-rank measure for the rank transformation.
- Author
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Hussain, Abid, Drekic, Steve, and Cheema, Salman A.
- Subjects
- *
CAPABILITIES approach (Social sciences) , *SAMPLE size (Statistics) - Abstract
This research introduces a new ranking scheme capable of ordering competing units in a more continual manner. The classic ranks are functionalized by incorporating data range and quantile coverage simultaneously in the proposed formula. This dual use of additional information is found to enhance the sensitivity of the devised scheme towards offering more competent weights of competing observations. Some key mathematical properties of the proposed approach are highlighted. In particular, the capability of the devised approach in offering unambiguous preferences is established. Finally, the performance of the proposed measure is investigated under a set of diverse parametric settings involving different stochastic formulations, sample sizes, and degrees of correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Ontogenetic Origins of Human Integer Representations.
- Author
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Carey, Susan and Barner, David
- Subjects
- *
PHILOSOPHY of mathematics , *HUMAN origins , *INTEGERS , *NUMBER systems , *EXPERIMENTAL psychology - Abstract
Do children learn number words by associating them with perceptual magnitudes? Recent studies argue that approximate numerical magnitudes play a foundational role in the development of integer concepts. Against this, we argue that approximate number representations fail both empirically and in principle to provide the content required of integer concepts. Instead, we suggest that children's understanding of integer concepts proceeds in two phases. In the first phase, children learn small exact number word meanings by associating words with small sets. In the second phase, children learn the meanings of larger number words by mastering the logic of exact counting algorithms, which implement the successor function and Hume's principle (that one-to-one correspondence guarantees exact equality). In neither phase do approximate number representations play a foundational role. A widely accepted hypothesis has emerged in cognitive science that an analog number system supplies the cognitive foundations of human arithmetic ability. We provide evidence from experimental psychology, human history, and the philosophy of mathematics that is difficult to explain on this hypothesis. We describe evidence that acquiring integer concepts depends first on capacity-limit small set representations (for numbers up to ~3–4). Later learning depends crucially on mastery of exact counting algorithms, and on how these algorithms implement logical notions that are defined over words, individuals, and relations between them, but not over analog number representations. Learning to represent integers involves learning how the ordinal structure of counting encodes the successor function, and how counting implements a sequential procedure for evaluating one-to-one correspondence and the equality of sets (i.e., Hume's principle), which allows children to overcome the capacity limits of parallel computations of one-to-one correspondence that restrict small number word meanings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. The Cognitive Estimation Task Is Nonunitary: Evidence for Multiple Magnitude Representation Mechanisms Among Normative and ADHD College Students
- Author
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Sarit Ashkenazi and Yulia Tsyganov
- Subjects
numerical estimation ,magnitudes ,approximate number sense ,executive function ,cognitive estimation task ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Mathematics ,QA1-939 - Abstract
There is a current debate on whether the cognitive system has a shared representation for all magnitudes or whether there are unique representations. To investigate this question, we used the Biber cognitive estimation task. In this task, participants were asked to provide estimates for questions such as, “How many sticks of spaghetti are in a package?” The task uses different estimation categories (e.g., time, numerical quantity, distance, and weight) to look at real-life magnitude representations. Experiment 1 assessed (N = 95) a Hebrew version of the Biber Cognitive Estimation Task and found that different estimation categories had different relations, for example, weight, time, and distance shared variance, but numerical estimation did not. We suggest that numerical estimation does not require the use of measurement in units, hence, it represents a more “pure” numerical estimation. Experiment 2 found that different factors explain individual abilities in different estimation categories. For example, numerical estimation was predicted by preverbal innate quantity understanding (approximate number sense) and working memory, whereas time estimations were supported by IQ. These results demonstrate that cognitive estimation is not a unified construct.
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Medidas no convencionales en libros de texto mexicanos. Un análisis desde la Etnomatemática y el Enfoque ontosemiótico
- Author
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Morales-Garcia, Lizzet and Rodríguez-Nieto, Camilo
- Subjects
Magnitudes ,_Otro (medida) ,Etnomatemática ,Libros de texto ,Competencias - Abstract
El propósito de esta investigación fue el tratamiento de las unidades de medida no convencional promovidas en libros de texto de Matemáticas de la Educación Primaria en México. Se consideraron nociones teóricas y metodológicas del Programa Etnomatemática y el Enfoque Ontosemiótico (EOS). Como resultado se evidencia que, en los libros de texto se promueve el uso de unidades de medida de longitud (paso, codo, cuarta, dedo, vara, palmo, hilo o cordón y tira de papel); de capacidad (vaso y el molde de gelatina); de peso (sopeso, y balanza) y de tiempo (palmadas y reloj de arena).Donde las configuraciones epistémicas de objetos primarios permitieron caracterizar estas unidades de medida en términos de situaciones-problema, lenguaje, concepto-definición, procedimientos, proposiciones y argumentos. Se concluye que, las unidades de medida presentado en este estudio son el son el no convencional que ofrecen los materiales curriculares, para que los estudiantes y profesores, realicen procesos de medición, equivalencias y conversiones, así como resolver problemas extramatemáticos para contribuir al desarrollo de las competencias en torno al tema de la medida. Además, permite que el profesor reconozca la diversidad de unidades de medidas y las vincule con el contexto escolar de sus estudiantes.
- Published
- 2022
30. Propuesta lúdica: un enfoque hacia el fortalecimiento del pensamiento aleatorio
- Author
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Martha Raquel Martínez Camargo and Patricia Consuelo Martínez Camargo
- Subjects
pensamiento aleatorio ,sistemas de datos ,magnitudes ,lúdica ,estrategias didáctica ,Education (General) ,L7-991 - Abstract
Este documento presenta el desarrollo de una primera fase de investigación de un estudio cualitativo descriptivo realizado con los estudiantes de grado segundo y tercero de básica primaria de una institución educativa de carácter técnico, ubicado en municipio de Duitama. En primer lugar, se destacan los aportes de los trabajos realizados sobre el problema de investigación, seguido de los sustentos teóricos referidos al desarrollo del pensamiento aleatorio y sistemas de datos, un componente esencial en el mundo de las matemáticas, estrategias didácticas y lúdica. Se describe le desarrollo metodológico, mencionando el tipo de estudio, el método, los instrumentos y las técnicas de recolección y análisis de datos. Finalmente se acentúa que el taller diagnóstico aplicado muestra que para los niños es más factible identificar conceptos de cantidad y calidad que los conceptos de variable cuantitativa y cualitativa; asimismo, se les dificulta el paso de la tabla de frecuencias al diagrama de barras, al igual que la relación existente entre la característica del eje horizontal y la magnitud en eje vertical.
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. From Duration and Distance Comparisons to Goal Encoding in Prefrontal Cortex
- Author
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Genovesio, A., Tsujimoto, S., Cohen, Irun R., Series editor, Lajtha, N.S. Abel, Series editor, Paoletti, Rodolfo, Series editor, Lambris, John D., Series editor, Merchant, Hugo, editor, and de Lafuente, Victor, editor
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. NEUKONČENÝ PROJEKT TRANSPARENTNEJ INTENZIONÁLNEJ LOGIKY.
- Author
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HANZEL, IGOR
- Abstract
In my paper I present a new view on the Transparent Intensional Logic (TIL), namely, from the point of view of Carnap's so-called logic of science understood by him as a logic of the language of science and, to be more specific, logic of the language of empirical science. First, I present Carnap's project of the logic of science and show that it was not realized on the basis of Carnap's semantics of intension and extension. Next, I show the negative effects of the absence of this realization for the philosophy of empirical science as it became apparent in the dispute between P. K. Feyerabend and C. G. Hempel. Finally, I indicate the set of issues that TIL could solve in the future by realizing Carnap's (reformed) project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. PROBABILISTIC SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS OF SOUTHWESTERN NIGERIA.
- Author
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Oluwafemi, John, Ofuyatan, Olatokunbo, Oyebisi, Solomon, Alayande, Tolulope, and Tumba, Masi
- Subjects
EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis ,SEISMOLOGY ,PROBABILITY theory - Abstract
For about ten decades, the seismic record of Nigeria has shown the occurrence of several magnitudes of earthquakes. This is contrary to the belief of some people in time past that Nigeria is aseismic. In number and in size, most of the witnessed earthquakes in Nigeria are found to occur in her South-Western region. Researchers have also begun to warn recently that some regions of Nigeria should prepare for devastating earthquakes in years to come. Hence this paper aimed at the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis of the South-Western region of Nigeria using the available historical and instrumentally recorded data. The Gutenberg-Richter (G-R) recurrence law was used to assess the seismicity parameters and to generate a model for calculating the mean annual rate of exceedance and to forecast probable future earthquake occurrence in the South-West. The findings of this assessment established that the South-West region of Nigeria is likely to experience earthquake magnitude as high as 7.2 in the year 2028 with a probability of 36.79%. Hence, this work enlightens on the extent of probable future earthquake magnitude in South-Western Nigeria and it is recommended that the government of Nigeria and inclined agencies begin to look into earthquake in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Matemáticas y literatura de 0 a 3: La mariquita gruñona
- Author
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Flecha, Gonzalo and Ediciones Universidad de Valladolid
- Subjects
Magnitudes ,_Otro (Educación Matemática y otras disciplinas) - Abstract
En esta segunda entrega trataremos el concepto del tiempo y cómo abordarlo desde una perspectiva comprensible para niños de educación infantil. Al mismo tiempo, haremos un acercamiento a la noción de tamaño mediante la comparación de elementos cercanos al niño.
- Published
- 2021
35. O conhecimento especializado do professor que ensina medidas de tempo na Educação Infantil: um caso formativo
- Author
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Gerciane Gercina Araujo Silva, Anildo Soares Flor, Edvonete Souza Alencar, and Silvia Regina Silva Cassimiro
- Subjects
Internet ,Magnitudes ,Metodología de trabajo en el aula ,General Medicine ,Análisis y reflexión sobre la enseñanza ,Software - Abstract
As investigações sobre o conhecimento do professor para o ensino de matemática nos últimos anos têm sido uma área de crescente interesse, tendo em vista os desafios inerentes à formação de professores. Neste artigo, apresentamos um excerto de uma formação continuada, on-line via Meet, na qual tivemos como objetivo identificar as evidências dos conhecimentos revelados nas respostas dadas por um grupo de professores da Educação Infantil sobre medidas de tempo. O referencial teórico utilizado foi o Mathematics Teacher’s Specialized Knowledge (MTSK). Os dados foram coletados por meio de registros das informações obtidas por um questionário e tarefas que foram analisadas posteriormente. A pesquisa revela os desafios encontrados pelos professores em planejar e refletir sobre ações articuladas com a literatura para o ensino de medidas de tempo, assim como sua preocupação acerca do conhecimento necessário para a realização dessa estratégia nessa fase de aprendizagem infantil.
- Published
- 2021
36. Relação Entre Área e Perímetro de Figuras Planas: um Estudo Sobre os Conhecimentos Profissionais de Professoras
- Author
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França, Susana Maris and Garcia, Angélica
- Subjects
Magnitudes ,Cálculo de medidas ,Estimación de medidas ,Formas geométricas ,Desarrollo del profesor - Abstract
ResumoEste artigo é parte de uma pesquisa de doutorado em desenvolvimento e buscou investigar conhecimentos profissionais sobre a relação entre área e perímetro de figuras planas em respostas apresentadas por 12 professoras que lecionam Matemática para os anos iniciais. Os dados foram coletados no início dos estudos, que foram realizados na própria escola na qual esse grupo de docentes lecionava. Para esta publicação, analisaram-se respostas dadas pelas participantes do grupo para dois itens apresentados em um questionário inicial. Em tal análise, utilizou-se como aporte teórico os estudos de Ball, Thames e Phelps (2008), que tratam do Conhecimento Profissional Docente, e Ma (2009), que investiga como educadores exploram ideias novas apresentadas sobre área e perímetro. Observou-se que esse grupo investigado tinha limitações nos conhecimentos comum e especializado tanto das noções matemáticas envolvidas nas medidas de área e perímetro e em seu ensino como da relação entre elas. É possível afirmar que a ausência de domínio do significado de área e perímetro implicaria falta de conhecimentos para o ensino desse conteúdo e da comparação entre essas medidas. Considera-se essencial que, em processos de formação, desenvolvam-se trabalhos que possibilitem a discussão e a reflexão acerca das ideias envolvidas nos cálculos de medida área e perímetro e suas comparações, de forma a relacionar essa temática com a prática pedagógica do professor. Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática. Grupos de Estudo. Conhecimento Profissional Docente. Relação Entre Medidas de Área e Perímetro. AbstractThis article is part of a doctoral research in development that sought to investigate professional knowledge about the relationship between area and perimeter of flat figures observed in responses presented by 12 teachers who taught mathematics for the early years. The data were collected at the beginning of the studies that were carried out in the very school in which this group of investigated teachers taught. For this publication we analyzed responses given by group participants for two items presented in an initial questionnaire. In this analysis, Ball, Thames and Phelps' studies, which deal with Professional Teaching Knowledge, were used as theoretical input; Ma which investigates how educators explore new ideas presented on area and perimeter. As a result, it was observed that this research group had limitations in the common and specialized knowledge of both the mathematical notions involved in area and perimeter measurements and their teaching, as well as in the relationship of comparison between them, as described in Ma's research. From Ball et al.'s point of view, it is possible to state that the absence of mastery of the meaning of area and perimeter would imply an equal lack of knowledge for their teaching and for the teaching of comparison between these measures. In this context, it is considered essential that in training processes work is developed that allows discussion and reflection on the ideas involved in area and perimeter measurement calculations and their comparisons in order to relate it to the pedagogical practice of the teacher. Keywords: Math Education. Study Groups. Professional Teaching Knowledge. Relationship between area and perimeter measurements.
- Published
- 2021
37. Understandings of perimeter and area mobilized with an exploratory approach in a lesson study
- Author
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Adriana Richit, Mauri Luís Tomkelski, and Andriceli Richit
- Subjects
Magnitudes ,Cálculo de medidas ,Multidisciplinary ,Tarea ,ComputingMilieux_COMPUTERSANDEDUCATION ,Comprensión ,Resolución y estrategias ,Education - Abstract
Background: Exploratory teaching, a theme increasingly investigated in mathematics education, has been examined as a pedagogical approach underlying the research lesson in lesson studies. Objective: The purpose of this article is to present and discuss the understandings of area and perimeter mobilized by 8th-grade elementary school students based on an exploratory approach, which was the basis for the research lesson in the lesson study. Design: The research was qualitative and interpretive, based on content analysis. Setting and participants: The activities were conducted in two classes, of two hours each, in which the students were invited to resolve an exploratory task about the topic “area and perimeter”, which was prepared by a group of teachers participating in a cycle of a lesson study. The students were asked to explain their strategies, results, and conclusions. Data collection and analysis: The analysis was based on empirical material composed of the materials related to the solutions presented by the students and transcriptions of audio recordings of the students’ discussions as they solved the tasks and of group discussions (the final moments of the research lesson). Results: The analysis presents aspects related to understandings of the topics area and perimeter, mobilized by the exploratory approach, which comprise the following categories: measure, mathematical operation and geometric property. Conclusion: The exploratory approach, underlying the research lesson, favored a deepening of understandings about area and perimeter, because it gave students the opportunity to explore and confront these concepts from different representations mobilized in an open task and to communicate their mathematical ideas and conclusions.
- Published
- 2021
38. Unha aposta meteórica para abolir as matemáticas do xurásico
- Abstract
Neste traballo de fin de grao de mestre/a de educación primaria preséntase unha proposta didáctica innovadora para traballar as matemáticas dentro dun contexto interdisciplinario. Partindo dun tema de interese para o alumnado, esta proposta foi concibida para abordar, principalmente, contidos relacionados coas magnitudes e a súa medida, aínda que tamén se traballan contidos doutras materias. A metodoloxía empregada no desenvolvemento da proposta está baseada na aprendizaxe colaborativa e segue un enfoque STEAM. Os resultados obtidos revelan a necesidade de introducir este tipo de actividades na aula para que os nenos e as nenas sexan quen de adquirir o sentido da medida. Ademais, partir do seu centro de interese axuda a incrementar a súa motivación, En este trabajo de fin de grado de maestro/a de educación primaria se presenta una propuesta didáctica innovadora para trabajar las matemáticas dentro de un contexto interdisciplinario. Partiendo de un tema de interés para el alumnado, esta propuesta fue concebida para abordar, principalmente, contenidos relacionados con las magnitudes y su medida, aunque también se trabajan contenidos de otras materias. La metodología empleada en el desarrollo de la propuesta está basada en el aprendizaje colaborativo y sigue un enfoque STEAM. Los resultados obtenidos revelan la necesidad de introducir este tipo de actividades en el aula para que los niños y las niñas sean quien de adquirir el sentido de la medida. Además, partir de su centro de interés ayuda a incrementar su motivación, In this final degree project of primary education teacher, an innovative didactic proposal is presented to work mathematics within an interdisciplinary context. Starting from a topic of interest to students, this proposal was conceived to address, mainly, contents related to the magnitudes and their measurement, although contents of other subjects are also worked. The methodology used in the development of the proposal is based on collaborative learning and follows a STEAM approach. The results obtained reveal the need to introduce this type of activities in the classroom so that children are the ones who acquire the sense of measurement. In addition, starting from their center of interest aid to increase your motivation
- Published
- 2022
39. The Hubble constant from two sibling Type Ia supernovae in the nearby galaxy NGC 4414:SN 1974G and SN 2021J
- Abstract
Having two "sibling" Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the same galaxy offers additional advantages in reducing a variety of systematic errors involved in estimating the Hubble constant, H-0. NGC 4414 is a nearby galaxy included in the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to measure its distance using Cepheid variables. It hosts two sibling SNe Ia: SN 2021J and SN 1974G. This provides the opportunity to improve the precision of the previous estimate of H-0, which was based solely on SN 1974G. Here we present new optical BVRI photometry obtained at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada and complement it with Swift UVOT UBV data, which cover the first 70 days of emission of SN 2021J. A first look at SN 2021J optical spectra obtained with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) reveals typical SN type Ia features. The main SN luminosity parameters for the two sibling SNe are obtained by using SNooPy, a light curve fitting code based on templates. Using a hierarchical bayesian approach, we build the Hubble diagram with a sample of 96 SNe Ia obtained from the Combined Pantheon Sample in the redshift range z = 0.02-0.075, and calibrate the zero point with the two sibling type-Ia SNe in NGC 4414. We report a value of the Hubble constant H-0 = 72.19 +/- 2.32 (stat.) +/- 3.42 (syst.) km s(-1) Mpc(-1). We expect a reduction of the systematic error after a new analysis of the Cepheids period-luminosity relation using the upcoming Gaia DR4 and additional Cepheids from the HST and JWST.
- Published
- 2022
40. The Hubble constant from two sibling Type Ia supernovae in the nearby galaxy NGC 4414:SN 1974G and SN 2021J
- Abstract
Having two "sibling" Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the same galaxy offers additional advantages in reducing a variety of systematic errors involved in estimating the Hubble constant, H-0. NGC 4414 is a nearby galaxy included in the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to measure its distance using Cepheid variables. It hosts two sibling SNe Ia: SN 2021J and SN 1974G. This provides the opportunity to improve the precision of the previous estimate of H-0, which was based solely on SN 1974G. Here we present new optical BVRI photometry obtained at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada and complement it with Swift UVOT UBV data, which cover the first 70 days of emission of SN 2021J. A first look at SN 2021J optical spectra obtained with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) reveals typical SN type Ia features. The main SN luminosity parameters for the two sibling SNe are obtained by using SNooPy, a light curve fitting code based on templates. Using a hierarchical bayesian approach, we build the Hubble diagram with a sample of 96 SNe Ia obtained from the Combined Pantheon Sample in the redshift range z = 0.02-0.075, and calibrate the zero point with the two sibling type-Ia SNe in NGC 4414. We report a value of the Hubble constant H-0 = 72.19 +/- 2.32 (stat.) +/- 3.42 (syst.) km s(-1) Mpc(-1). We expect a reduction of the systematic error after a new analysis of the Cepheids period-luminosity relation using the upcoming Gaia DR4 and additional Cepheids from the HST and JWST.
- Published
- 2022
41. Concepción del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del contenido magnitudes en el primer ciclo de la Educación Primaria. (Original)
- Abstract
The diversity of exigencies and procedures that assume the teachers in the process of apprenticeship teaching of the magnitudes content in the first cycle of the primary education have converted in a dilemma for the didactics of the mathematics and the educational investigation. The employment of methods and technical as the synthesis analysis, the historical logician, the interview, the pedagogic proof, between other, propitiated that in this article it achieved specify a theoretical methodological conception for the process of apprenticeship teaching in this polish and educational level, she who it is modeled as of the diagnosis of the states current of that process., La diversidad de exigencias y procedimientos que asumen los maestros en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del contenido magnitudes en el primer ciclo de la Educación Primaria se ha convertido en un dilema para la Didáctica de la Matemática y la investigación educativa. El empleo de métodos y técnicas como el análisis-síntesis, el histórico lógico, la entrevista, la prueba pedagógica, entre otros, propiciaron que en este artículo se lograra precisar una concepción teórico-metodológica para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del contenido magnitudes en este ciclo y nivel educativo, la que se modeló a partir del diagnóstico del estado actual de ese proceso.
- Published
- 2022
42. Matemáticas en Educación Infantil: una mirada al aprendizaje de las magnitudes desde el desarrollo sostenible
- Abstract
This research presents an investigation about the learning of mathematics in Early Childhood Education, in particular the magnitudes, in an educational center that develops the European Outdoor Model, we set as our objective of this article is to describe and analyse the performance and mathematics skills developed by the students who follow this model as well as the perception of their teachers have. In order to achieve it, we used an ethnographic methodology that allowed us to describe, with emphasis, the way of life of the participants. Firstly, we interviewed the teachers in a public center in Waldkindergarten (a school in the forest) in Germany. Later, we lived there for two months, together with 20 children and their 4 teachers. to be able to observe each of the activities carried out there. Among the results we find an anticipation in the age of the handling of the magnitudes length and area, while there are greater obstacles for the development of the magnitudes volume and mass., En este documento presentamos una investigación sobre el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en Educación Infantil, en particular de las magnitudes, en un centro educativo que desarrolla el Modelo Europeo al Aire Libre. Establecemos como objetivo describir y analizar la actuación y las destrezas matemáticas desarrolladas por el alumnado que sigue este modelo, así como la percepción que tiene su profesorado. Para lograrlo, utilizamos una metodología etnográfica que permitiese describir, enfatizando, el modo de vida de los participantes. En primer lugar, entrevistamos al profesorado de un centro público Waldkindergarten (escuela en el bosque) en Alemania. Posteriormente, convivimos en él durante dos meses, junto a 20 niños y sus 4 docentes, para poder observar cada una de las actividades que allí se realizaban. Entre los resultados encontramos un anticipo en la edad del manejo de las magnitudes longitud y área, mientras que existen mayores obstáculos para el desarrollo de las magnitudes volumen y masa.
- Published
- 2022
43. La importancia de las TIC y la visualización en el desarrollo de la intuición
- Abstract
Through the years, intuition and visualizationhave been the object of study, this becauseintuition is the conception of a pure andattentive mind, which has immediateknowledge interpreted in a clear and differentway. Likewise, the visualization encompassestangible objects, “visible and non-visible”images; which leads to the work betweenthe intuition-ICT duo, which allows a greaterinteraction between the subject and thephenomena, with the aim of analyzing theinfluence of visualization on the developmentof intuition to interpret the measurementsof physical magnitudes. For this, the casemethod is used, which allows the study of aspecific situation, leading the participant toa real situation. Finally, through this study, itis expected that students through intuition,visualization and ICT, acquire some skills tointerpret physical magnitudes., A través de los años la intuición y la visualizaciónhan sido objeto de estudio; esto porque laintuición es la concepción de una mente puray atenta, que posee un conocimiento inmediatointerpretado de una forma clara y distinta.Asimismo, la visualización abarca objetos tangibles,imágenes «visibles y no visibles», lo queconlleva al trabajo entre el dúo intuición-TIC,el cual permite una mayor interacción entreel sujeto y los fenómenos, con el objetivo deanalizar la influencia de la visualización en eldesarrollo de la intuición para interpretar lasmedidas de magnitudes físicas. Para esto, sehace uso del método de casos, el cual permite elestudio de una situación en concreto, llevandoal participante a una situación real. Finalmente,por medio de dicho estudio, se espera que losestudiantes a través de la intuición, la visualizacióny las TIC, adquieran algunas habilidadespara interpretar magnitudes físicas.
- Published
- 2022
44. Matemáticas en Educación Infantil: una mirada al aprendizaje de las magnitudes desde el desarrollo sostenible
- Abstract
This research presents an investigation about the learning of mathematics in Early Childhood Education, in particular the magnitudes, in an educational center that develops the European Outdoor Model, we set as our objective of this article is to describe and analyse the performance and mathematics skills developed by the students who follow this model as well as the perception of their teachers have. In order to achieve it, we used an ethnographic methodology that allowed us to describe, with emphasis, the way of life of the participants. Firstly, we interviewed the teachers in a public center in Waldkindergarten (a school in the forest) in Germany. Later, we lived there for two months, together with 20 children and their 4 teachers. to be able to observe each of the activities carried out there. Among the results we find an anticipation in the age of the handling of the magnitudes length and area, while there are greater obstacles for the development of the magnitudes volume and mass., En este documento presentamos una investigación sobre el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en Educación Infantil, en particular de las magnitudes, en un centro educativo que desarrolla el Modelo Europeo al Aire Libre. Establecemos como objetivo describir y analizar la actuación y las destrezas matemáticas desarrolladas por el alumnado que sigue este modelo, así como la percepción que tiene su profesorado. Para lograrlo, utilizamos una metodología etnográfica que permitiese describir, enfatizando, el modo de vida de los participantes. En primer lugar, entrevistamos al profesorado de un centro público Waldkindergarten (escuela en el bosque) en Alemania. Posteriormente, convivimos en él durante dos meses, junto a 20 niños y sus 4 docentes, para poder observar cada una de las actividades que allí se realizaban. Entre los resultados encontramos un anticipo en la edad del manejo de las magnitudes longitud y área, mientras que existen mayores obstáculos para el desarrollo de las magnitudes volumen y masa.
- Published
- 2022
45. Concepción del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del contenido magnitudes en el primer ciclo de la Educación Primaria. (Original)
- Abstract
The diversity of exigencies and procedures that assume the teachers in the process of apprenticeship teaching of the magnitudes content in the first cycle of the primary education have converted in a dilemma for the didactics of the mathematics and the educational investigation. The employment of methods and technical as the synthesis analysis, the historical logician, the interview, the pedagogic proof, between other, propitiated that in this article it achieved specify a theoretical methodological conception for the process of apprenticeship teaching in this polish and educational level, she who it is modeled as of the diagnosis of the states current of that process., La diversidad de exigencias y procedimientos que asumen los maestros en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del contenido magnitudes en el primer ciclo de la Educación Primaria se ha convertido en un dilema para la Didáctica de la Matemática y la investigación educativa. El empleo de métodos y técnicas como el análisis-síntesis, el histórico lógico, la entrevista, la prueba pedagógica, entre otros, propiciaron que en este artículo se lograra precisar una concepción teórico-metodológica para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del contenido magnitudes en este ciclo y nivel educativo, la que se modeló a partir del diagnóstico del estado actual de ese proceso.
- Published
- 2022
46. Matemáticas en Educación Infantil: una mirada al aprendizaje de las magnitudes desde el desarrollo sostenible
- Abstract
This research presents an investigation about the learning of mathematics in Early Childhood Education, in particular the magnitudes, in an educational center that develops the European Outdoor Model, we set as our objective of this article is to describe and analyse the performance and mathematics skills developed by the students who follow this model as well as the perception of their teachers have. In order to achieve it, we used an ethnographic methodology that allowed us to describe, with emphasis, the way of life of the participants. Firstly, we interviewed the teachers in a public center in Waldkindergarten (a school in the forest) in Germany. Later, we lived there for two months, together with 20 children and their 4 teachers. to be able to observe each of the activities carried out there. Among the results we find an anticipation in the age of the handling of the magnitudes length and area, while there are greater obstacles for the development of the magnitudes volume and mass., En este documento presentamos una investigación sobre el aprendizaje de las matemáticas en Educación Infantil, en particular de las magnitudes, en un centro educativo que desarrolla el Modelo Europeo al Aire Libre. Establecemos como objetivo describir y analizar la actuación y las destrezas matemáticas desarrolladas por el alumnado que sigue este modelo, así como la percepción que tiene su profesorado. Para lograrlo, utilizamos una metodología etnográfica que permitiese describir, enfatizando, el modo de vida de los participantes. En primer lugar, entrevistamos al profesorado de un centro público Waldkindergarten (escuela en el bosque) en Alemania. Posteriormente, convivimos en él durante dos meses, junto a 20 niños y sus 4 docentes, para poder observar cada una de las actividades que allí se realizaban. Entre los resultados encontramos un anticipo en la edad del manejo de las magnitudes longitud y área, mientras que existen mayores obstáculos para el desarrollo de las magnitudes volumen y masa.
- Published
- 2022
47. Concepción del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del contenido magnitudes en el primer ciclo de la Educación Primaria. (Original)
- Abstract
The diversity of exigencies and procedures that assume the teachers in the process of apprenticeship teaching of the magnitudes content in the first cycle of the primary education have converted in a dilemma for the didactics of the mathematics and the educational investigation. The employment of methods and technical as the synthesis analysis, the historical logician, the interview, the pedagogic proof, between other, propitiated that in this article it achieved specify a theoretical methodological conception for the process of apprenticeship teaching in this polish and educational level, she who it is modeled as of the diagnosis of the states current of that process., La diversidad de exigencias y procedimientos que asumen los maestros en el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del contenido magnitudes en el primer ciclo de la Educación Primaria se ha convertido en un dilema para la Didáctica de la Matemática y la investigación educativa. El empleo de métodos y técnicas como el análisis-síntesis, el histórico lógico, la entrevista, la prueba pedagógica, entre otros, propiciaron que en este artículo se lograra precisar una concepción teórico-metodológica para el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje del contenido magnitudes en este ciclo y nivel educativo, la que se modeló a partir del diagnóstico del estado actual de ese proceso.
- Published
- 2022
48. Uma proposta de Modelagem Matemática para o ensino de Velocidade Média: o semáforo da Avenida João Paulo II
- Author
-
Menezes, Rhômulo
- Subjects
Magnitudes ,Cálculo de medidas ,Situaciones ,Desarrollo ,Contextos ,Modelización - Abstract
O objetivo deste relato é apresentar uma proposta de atividade de Modelagem Matemática alinhada a Base Nacional Comum Curricular – BNCC que pode ser desenvolvida na Educação Básica. A atividade foi elaborada partindo da investigação do semáforo da Avenida João Paulo II, situada na cidade Capanema-PA. A ideia é que os alunos possam em grupos averiguar se o tempo de parada dos carros para que ocorra a travessia é suficiente considerando o público que constantemente está atravessando. Em um primeiro momento, é proposto a coleta de dados no local e usando ferramentas do Google Earth. Em um segundo momento, com os dados coletados e com o cálculo da Velocidade Média é possível inferir se o tempo é suficiente, fomentando discussões acerca desse tempo em relação ao público que costumeiramente atravessa no semáforo investigado. Como conclusão da investigação descrevemos a construção que pode ser virtual ou física do semáforo investigado, usando os dados coletados, no Arduino Uno 3. Durante a descrição da proposta é possível perceber características do processo de Modelagem Matemática, como: coleta de dados reais dos alunos, usar conteúdos matemáticos para solucionar problemas abertos, encontrar e discutir diferentes respostas para um problema a partir do semáforo construído no Arduino Uno 3.
- Published
- 2022
49. The Hubble constant from two sibling Type Ia supernovae in the nearby galaxy NGC 4414: SN 1974G and SN 2021J
- Author
-
Eulalia Gallego-Cano, Luca Izzo, Carlos Dominguez-Tagle, Francisco Prada, Enrique Pérez, Nandita Khetan, In Sung Jang, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), and European Commission
- Subjects
CALIBRATION ,Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO) ,Distance scale ,Cosmology: observations ,individual: NGC 4414 [galaxies] ,TELESCOPE KEY PROJECT ,EXTRAGALACTIC DISTANCE SCALE ,Galaxies: individual: NGC 4414 ,FOS: Physical sciences ,Astronomy and Astrophysics ,MAGNITUDES ,distance scale ,observations [cosmology] ,PRECISE ,Supernovae: individual: SN 2021J ,Supernovae: individual: SN 1974G ,Space and Planetary Science ,COSMOLOGY ,SPACE-TELESCOPE ,individual: SN 2021J [supernovae] ,BRIGHTNESS ,individual: SN 1974G [supernovae] ,Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics - Abstract
This is an Open Access article, published by EDP Sciences, under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited., Having two “sibling” Type Ia supernovae (SNe Ia) in the same galaxy offers additional advantages in reducing a variety of systematic errors involved in estimating the Hubble constant, H0. NGC 4414 is a nearby galaxy included in the Hubble Space Telescope Key Project to measure its distance using Cepheid variables. It hosts two sibling SNe Ia: SN 2021J and SN 1974G. This provides the opportunity to improve the precision of the previous estimate of H0, which was based solely on SN 1974G. Here we present new optical BVRI photometry obtained at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada and complement it with Swift UVOT UBV data, which cover the first 70 days of emission of SN 2021J. A first look at SN 2021J optical spectra obtained with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) reveals typical SN type Ia features. The main SN luminosity parameters for the two sibling SNe are obtained by using SNooPy, a light curve fitting code based on templates. Using a hierarchical bayesian approach, we build the Hubble diagram with a sample of 96 SNe Ia obtained from the Combined Pantheon Sample in the redshift range z = 0.02 − 0.075, and calibrate the zero point with the two sibling type-Ia SNe in NGC 4414. We report a value of the Hubble constant H0 = 72.19 ± 2.32 (stat.) ±3.42 (syst.) km s−1 Mpc−1. We expect a reduction of the systematic error after a new analysis of the Cepheids period-luminosity relation using the upcoming Gaia DR4 and additional Cepheids from the HST and JWST. © E. Gallego-Cano et al. 2022., The authors acknowledge financial support from the State Agency for Research of the Spanish MICINN through the “Center of Excellence Severo Ochoa” award to the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (SEV-2017-0709). EGC thanks the incentive grant by the Ministry of Economic Transformation, Industry, Knowledge and Universities REF. P20_00880, project co-financed by 80% by funds from the operational program FEDER de Andalucía 2014–2020. LI and NK were supported by two grants from VILLUM FONDEN (project number 16599 and 25501). CDT, FP and EP thank the support of the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation funding grant PGC2018-101931-B-I00. CDT thanks the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias for the use of its facilities to carry out this work. Based on observations collected at the Observatorio de Sierra Nevada, operated by the Instituto de Astrofísica de Andalucía (IAA-CSIC). Partly based on observations made with the Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC), installed at the Spanish Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos of the Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias, in the island of La Palma. The authors thank the GTC support staff for performing the observations.
- Published
- 2022
50. New Observations of Galaxies with Ultraviolet Excess.
- Author
-
Yeghiazaryan, A. A.
- Subjects
- *
GALAXIES , *ASTRONOMICAL observations , *ULTRAVIOLET radiation , *TIDAL stripping (Astrophysics) - Abstract
Results from a spectral study of galaxies with UV excess from the Kazarian list obtained with the 2.6-m telescope at the Byurakan Astrophysical Observatory in Armenia are presented. Measurements of red shifts, distances, absolute magnitudes, and magnitudes in the B, V, R, and I bands are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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