34 results on '"malt bagasse"'
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2. APROVEITAMENTO DO BAGAÇO DE MALTE DA PRODUÇÃO CERVEJEIRA COMO MATÉRIA PRIMA PARA BIOCOMBUSTÍVEIS.
- Author
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dos Santos Melo, Ana Eliza Souza, Freitas da Silva de Jesus, Luis Filipe, and Pimentel Cavalcanti, Luiz Antônio
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RENEWABLE energy sources ,RAW materials ,ENERGY consumption ,BIOGAS production ,WASTE treatment ,ETHANOL as fuel - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2024
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3. Potential valorization opportunities for Brewer's spent grain.
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de Paula, Mariane, Latorres, Juliana Machado, and Martins, Vilásia Guimarães
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BREWER'S spent grain , *BEER industry , *PRODUCT recovery , *NUTRITIONAL value , *CRAFT beer , *BEER - Abstract
Brewer's spent grain (BSG) is one of the most abundant residues in the beer industry and has a high nutritional content, such as proteins, fibers, vitamins, minerals, and carbohydrates. It has a high fiber and protein content, and thus it is commonly used in animal feed production or discarded in the environment. However, due to its nutritional value, low cost, and being made available in large quantities throughout the year, BSG can be reused for other purposes, whether in the preparation of new products or in the recovery of its constituents. Several studies are being carried out for the application of this human food, and it has been reported that some components of BSG have bioactive properties and can be used as health promoters. This review addresses the main data on how BSG is generated, its chemical composition, and the latest methods that apply to information on the recovery of compounds of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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4. Application of a biochar produced from malt bagasse as a residue of brewery industry in fixed-bed column adsorption of paracetamol.
- Author
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Silveira Neto, Angelo Luiz, Pimentel-Almeida, Wendell, Niero, Guilherme, Wanderlind, Eduardo H., Radetski, Claudemir M., and Almerindo, Gizelle I.
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BIOCHAR , *BAGASSE , *ACETAMINOPHEN , *CARBONIZATION , *MALT , *DISTRIBUTION isotherms (Chromatography) , *MALTING - Abstract
We report the removal of paracetamol from aqueous systems using a fixed-bed packed with biochar obtained from pyrolysis of malt bagasse residue (MBR). MBR biochar was characterized by carbonization yield, pH, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and specific surface area (BET method). High surface area biochar (308.6 m² g-1) was fixed in a bed sorption column and sorption capacity was studied by varying the mass of sorbent and sorbate flow rate. Sorption isotherms (breakthrough curves) in the traditional "S" shape were observed in the assays. The nonlinear models of Thomas, Bohart-Adams and Yan-Viraraghavan were applied to the experimental data, with the model of Yan-Viraraghavan best describing the behavior of the isotherms, with a good mean coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.9883. Breakthrough times were greater at lower flow rates and greater sorbent amounts, and the effect of sorbent mass alone upon adsorption capacity (q exp) was not significant for a given flow rate. Thus, beer processing residue can be a source of raw material for the production of value-added MBR biochar, since it showed good sorption results of paracetamol in the biochar fixed-bed column, reaching sorption capacities at equilibrium up to 27.65 mg g-1 depending on the experimental parameters adopted. [Display omitted] • Malt bagasse residue from brewery industry used for the production of biochar. • Mesoporous biochar presented specific surface area of 308.6 m² g-1. • Biochar employed in the adsorption of paracetamol in a fixed bed column. • Nonlinear models of Thomas, Bohart-Adams and Yan-Viraraghavan were evaluated. • Sorption capacities at equilibrium up to 27.65 mg g-1 were obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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5. Agro-Industrial Waste of Malt Bagasse: Perspectives on the Development of Eco-Friendly Ceramic Material.
- Author
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Andrade, João Pedro da Silva Costa, Cecchin, Daiane, Vieira, Carlos Maurício Fontes, Delaqua, Geovana Carla Girondi, Silva, Flávio Castro da, Hamacher, Leonardo da Silva, da Silva, Tulane Rodrigues, Amran, Mugahed, Paes, Juliana Lobo, Moll Hüther, Cristina, Carmo, Dirlane de Fátima do, and Azevedo, Afonso Rangel Garcez de
- Abstract
The construction sector is increasingly seeking sustainable alternatives in its processes worldwide, with a particular focus on the production of eco-friendly materials. Additionally, the improper disposal of solid waste is rapidly increasing, particularly in the agro-industry, including the waste generated from beer processing such as malt bagasse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to incorporate malt bagasse residue into ceramic materials at varying proportions (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15%) as a partial substitute for clay, submitted to different sintering temperatures (750, 850, 950, and 1050 °C). The raw materials, namely ceramic mass and malt bagasse, were characterized based on their chemical properties (XRF, loss of fire, and elemental analysis), physical properties (grain size, Atterberg limits), and mineralogical properties (XRD) characteristics. The properties of the ceramics, both with and without the incorporation of waste, were evaluated using dilatometry, apparent density, apparent porosity, water absorption, linear shrinkage, and tensile strength. The compositions that exhibited the best sintering temperatures were subjected to microstructural characterization using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Significant differences were observed in the properties of the ceramic material, particularly in terms of linear shrinkage and apparent porosity. It was concluded that as the amount of malt bagasse residue incorporated increased, the mechanical properties of the pieces decreased. The incorporation of 15% residue resulted in the lowest performance, primarily due to a greater loss of mass. However, it should be noted that the incorporation of up to 5% malt bagasse for all the studied temperatures can still be considered acceptable, as it meets the minimum recommended value of 1.5 MPa for masonry ceramic components. This incorporation of malt bagasse contributes to both the technological and environmental aspects of civil construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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6. Influence of coupling agent on post-consumption polypropylene composites reinforced with malt bagasse fibers.
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Stefani, Daniela, Dahlem Júnior, Marcos Aurélio, Francisquetti, Edson Luiz, Reis, Fernando da Silva dos, Borsoi, Cleide, Hansen, Betina, and Catto, André Luis
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BAGASSE , *POLYPROPYLENE , *THERMOPLASTIC composites , *MALEIC anhydride , *MODULUS of elasticity , *FIBERS - Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of the use of coupling agent (CA) on the properties of thermoplastic composites produced from post-consumer polypropylene (rPP) and malt bagasse fibers (MB) of brewing industry. The CA used was maleic anhydride graft polypropylene copolymer (MAgPP). The study was carried out in two stages: in first step the best concentration of MB fibers was verified, where was varied the fiber contents between 0, 10, 20 and 30% (w/w); in the second step, the best MB concentration evaluated was used with different CA concentrations (0, 1, 3, 5 and 7% w/w). Of the three MB concentrations evaluated as reinforcing filler, the sample with a 30% (w/w) ratio presented 44% lower deformation than the others, presenting better mechanical resistance, although it also presented the highest water absorption. Thus, the 30% MB fiber content was chosen for two step, where the results showed that the PP/MB-30 composite treated with 3% (w/w) CA had a modulus of elasticity 10.3% higher than the same composite without CA, corroborating with the morphological analysis, which indicated better interfacial adhesion between composite components when CA was used. The PP/MB-30 composite treated with 1% (w/w) CA showed the highest thermal stability among all samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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7. All-around characterization of brewers' spent grain.
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Castro, Luiz Eduardo Nochi and Colpini, Leda Maria Saragiotto
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HEMICELLULOSE , *FOURIER transform infrared spectroscopy , *WHEAT straw , *GRAIN , *SCANNING electron microscopy , *PHASE transitions , *THERMOGRAVIMETRY - Abstract
This work was to carry out a complete characterization of the brewers' spent grains, determining its parameters: physical, chemical, thermal, morphological, structural, and surface, serving as a database for this specific material. The parameters of moisture, ash, protein, fat, reducing and non-reducing sugars, starch, crude fiber, acid and neutral detergent fiber, cellulose, lignin, hemicellulose, titratable acidity, pH, crude energy, N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and differential exploratory calorimetry analysis were determined. All the results obtained are consistent with the literature for those parameters. In addition to bringing results that are not commonly found in other works such as neutral detergent fiber, hemicellulose, microscopic images, elemental composition and phase transition of lignocellulosic species, which can bring positive impact to the scientific community, other authors can consult this study to obtain the data they need for the production of their works in the most diverse fields of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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8. Study of the drying kinetics of the malt bagasse in a pneumatic transporter
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Costa Bruna Muriel F., Coelho Carolina Monteiro, Souza Cássia Ribeiro, Duarte Gabriela Drumond A., Pinto Maria Bernadete, Silva Vítor J.O., and Batista Marcelo S.
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brewing industry ,flash pneumatic dryer ,drying kinetic models ,malt bagasse ,Chemical engineering ,TP155-156 ,Chemical industries ,HD9650-9663 - Abstract
Malt bagasse is a by-product of the brewing industry that has high moisture, making it very unstable and susceptible to fast microbial deterioration. This work evaluated drying kinetic models of malt bagasse during pneumatic transport with air flow at 30, 45 and 60°C and layouts of 4.5 and 7.0 m. The results showed that the decrease of moisture from malt bagasse was favored at higher air temperature due to the higher diffusion coefficient. In the ranges measured, the values of the effective moisture diffusivity and heat transfer coefficient were obtained between 2.05×10−10 to 12.74×10−10 m2/s and 175 to 363 W/(m2 K), respectively. Average energy for liquid diffusion in the malt bagasse drying process was 44.30 kJ/mol. Pneumatic transport with air flow at 60°C and layout of 7.0 m reached rapidly the final moisture of 12% (w.b.), which may reduce transport costs and allow for long periods of stable storage for malt bagasse. The statistical tests results showed that the experimental data presented excellent fit using the modified Henderson-Pabis model, in the temperature range for both layouts.
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- 2020
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9. Biosorption of Dye by Malt Bagasse in a Fixed-Bed Column: Experimental and Theoretical Breakthrough Curves.
- Author
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Juchen, Patricia Trevisani, Veit, Márcia Teresinha, Gonçalves, Gilberto da Cunha, Palácio, Soraya Moreno, Honório, Jacqueline Ferandin, and Suzaki, Pedro Yahico Ramos
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MALT ,MALTING ,MASS transfer ,SEWAGE ,WASTEWATER treatment ,BAGASSE - Abstract
The fixed-bed column biosorption process is the most widely used system, which aims to expand to industrial scale in wastewater treatment, and requires for its design thermodynamic equilibrium data. In this study, fixed-bed column experiments using malt bagasse, an industrial byproduct, were performed to quantitatively evaluate the dye biosorption capacity, as well as perform mathematical modeling of the breakthrough curves and obtain mass transfer parameters. The FTIR spectrum of malt bagasse was performed before and after the dye biosorption process. The best operating condition of the column occurred at the feed flow of 4mLmin
− 1 . The Langmuir isotherm (qmax = 38.44mgg− 1 ; R2 = 0.98) was used to represent the equilibrium data between the phases (fluid/solid) in column. The phenomenological mathematical model, which considered the resistance to internal diffusion as a limiting step of mass transfer, was able to adequately predict the dynamic behavior of the biosorption column operation, constituting a useful tool for analysis, description, and design of dye biosorption in fixed-bed column. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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10. Simultaneous production of mesoporous biochar and palmitic acid by pyrolysis of brewing industry wastes.
- Author
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Machado, Lauren M.M., Lütke, Sabrina F., Perondi, Daniele, Godinho, Marcelo, Oliveira, Marcos L.S., Collazzo, Gabriela C., and Dotto, Guilherme L.
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BIOCHAR , *BREWING industry , *PALMITIC acid , *AROMATIC compounds , *BAGASSE , *SURFACE area , *WASTE tires - Abstract
• Pyrolysis is an interesting option for the disposal of malt bagasse. • The temperature showed significant and negative effect for biochars surface area. • The best condition to produce the biochar was 500 °C and holding time of 10 min. • A biochar with a mesoporous and amorphous structure was produced. • Hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) represents 27.30% of the bio–oil composition. Pyrolysis of malt bagasse was carried out to obtain simultaneously a mesoporous biochar and an oil fraction rich in palmitic acid. The best result for biochar production was at 500 °C with holding time of 10 min. The yields of biochar and pyrolytic oil in this condition were, 29.7 and 33.9 wt%, respectively. The pyrolysis temperature and holding time influenced the yields of the products. An increase in pyrolysis temperature (from 500 to 700 °C) and holding time (from 10 to 50 min) caused a decrease in biochar yield, a reduction in the volatile matter content and an increase in the amount of ash. Additionally, in the range studied in this work, the increase of the pyrolysis temperature caused a decrease in the specific surface area and total pore volume of the biochar. Meanwhile, the biochar presented interesting functional groups and a mesoporous character, which can be a precursor to obtain adsorbents, or even, be used as adsorbent. The pyrolytic oil was composed of oxygenated aromatic compounds, the main fraction being palmitic acid (27.3%), which can be used in a number of applications, including biodiesel production. This work demonstrated that an available and problematic waste, malt bagasse, can be converted simultaneously into a mesoporous biochar and, into a pyrolytic oil rich in palmitic acid. Biochar and pyrolytic oil, in turn, are products of great value and can be applied in several fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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11. RESÍDUO DA INDÚSTRIA CERVEJEIRA COMO PRECURSOR DE CARVÃO ATIVADO COMPARADO A OUTROS RESÍDUOS AGROINDUSTRIAIS: UMA _REVISÃO.
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Bressan, Paulo Henrique, Geremias, Rodrigo, and de Souza, Edson Luiz
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WATER purification , *ORANGE peel , *WASTEWATER treatment , *ACTIVATION (Chemistry) , *ADSORPTION capacity , *ACTIVATED carbon , *BAGASSE - Abstract
Activated carbon (CA) is a carbon-based material with a well-developed internal porous structure and large surface area. It is a very popular adsorbent used for water and wastewater treatment. Brazil is the third largest beer producer in the world, due to the large amount of waste generated by this industrial branch several alternatives are propose for the use of waste, one of them is the production of CA with the bagasse of malt. To evaluate malt bagasse as a precursor for CA it was compared to other agro-industrial residues that are used as precursors for CA, such as the residue from coffee production and orange peel, the type of physical and chemical activation for obtaining CA and the adsorption capacity were also compared, phenomenon physical chemical in which the component of a gaseous or liquid phase is transferred to a solid surface, the components that join a solid phase are called adsorbates and the component that retains the liquid phase is called adsorbent (CA). Malt bagasse as a precursor to CA has proven to be a promising alternative because of the results achieved compared to other agroindustrial wastes and because it is a cheap and resource-intensive alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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12. Activated carbon obtained from malt bagasse as a support in heterogeneous catalysis for biodiesel production.
- Author
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Ali, Adnan Hayel, Wanderlind, Eduardo H., and Almerindo, Gizelle I.
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SOY oil , *HETEROGENEOUS catalysis , *ACTIVATED carbon , *MALT , *MALTING , *MATERIALS testing , *BAGASSE - Abstract
Two novel catalysts were prepared from malt bagasse, the main waste of brewery industry, and were employed in the synthesis of the ethylic biodiesel of soybean oil. Catalysts C1 and C2 were prepared by impregnation of KOH solution either on a previously calcined malt bagasse (C1) or on dried malt bagasse, followed by calcination (C2). Catalyst C1 presented 14.3% K+ w/w and specific surface area (S BET) of 2.495 m2 g−1, while these figures were 37.6% K+ w/w and 1.138 m2 g−1 for C2. Catalysts were further characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and lixiviation tests. A factorial design (23) was used to optimize the reaction time and the oil/ethanol molar ratio upon the biodiesel yield, being the reaction temperature (65 °C) and the catalyst amount (10% w/w catalyst/oil) fixed. Under optimum conditions, biodiesel yield was 91.8 ± 1.0% using C1, employing an 1:12 oil/ethanol molar ratio and 2 h of reaction time. Specific mass, cinematic viscosity and acidity index values of the biodiesel obtained in optimum conditions agree with the standards of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and the European Standards (EN). Catalyst C1 was reused once, affording the biodiesel in 88.7% yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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13. Agro-Industrial Waste of Malt Bagasse: Perspectives on the Development of Eco-Friendly Ceramic Material
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Azevedo, João Pedro da Silva Costa Andrade, Daiane Cecchin, Carlos Maurício Fontes Vieira, Geovana Carla Girondi Delaqua, Flávio Castro da Silva, Leonardo da Silva Hamacher, Tulane Rodrigues da Silva, Mugahed Amran, Juliana Lobo Paes, Cristina Moll Hüther, Dirlane de Fátima do Carmo, and Afonso Rangel Garcez de
- Subjects
malt bagasse ,ceramic ,alternative materials ,sustainability - Abstract
The construction sector is increasingly seeking sustainable alternatives in its processes worldwide, with a particular focus on the production of eco-friendly materials. Additionally, the improper disposal of solid waste is rapidly increasing, particularly in the agro-industry, including the waste generated from beer processing such as malt bagasse. Therefore, the objective of this study was to incorporate malt bagasse residue into ceramic materials at varying proportions (0, 2.5, 5, 10, and 15%) as a partial substitute for clay, submitted to different sintering temperatures (750, 850, 950, and 1050 °C). The raw materials, namely ceramic mass and malt bagasse, were characterized based on their chemical properties (XRF, loss of fire, and elemental analysis), physical properties (grain size, Atterberg limits), and mineralogical properties (XRD) characteristics. The properties of the ceramics, both with and without the incorporation of waste, were evaluated using dilatometry, apparent density, apparent porosity, water absorption, linear shrinkage, and tensile strength. The compositions that exhibited the best sintering temperatures were subjected to microstructural characterization using optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Significant differences were observed in the properties of the ceramic material, particularly in terms of linear shrinkage and apparent porosity. It was concluded that as the amount of malt bagasse residue incorporated increased, the mechanical properties of the pieces decreased. The incorporation of 15% residue resulted in the lowest performance, primarily due to a greater loss of mass. However, it should be noted that the incorporation of up to 5% malt bagasse for all the studied temperatures can still be considered acceptable, as it meets the minimum recommended value of 1.5 MPa for masonry ceramic components. This incorporation of malt bagasse contributes to both the technological and environmental aspects of civil construction.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Characterization and identification of bioactive compounds in agro-food waste flours
- Author
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Rodrigues,Camila Gonçalves, Silva,Viviane Dias Medeiros, Loyola,Anna Cláudia de Freitas e, Silva,Mauro Ramalho, Augusti,Rodinei, Melo,Julio Onesio Ferreira, Carlos,Lanamar de Almeida, and Fante,Camila Argenta
- Subjects
cassava peel ,malt bagasse ,phenolics ,fungi ,fragments ,food and beverages ,waste - Abstract
One of the recurrent problems of the agroindustry sector is the incorrect disposal of waste because of the complexity of the material, moisture, among other factors. Waste is not used in tonnage, but is systematically used. Examples of residues are malt bagasse and cassava peel, produced in large quantities in the brewing industry and flour production, respectively. In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate bioactive compounds of flours produced from agroindustry waste to potentiate their use as an ingredient rich in antioxidants. The flours produced from agroindustry waste were evaluated for phenolic compounds, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and the attainment of phenolic profiles and fingerprints by paper spray mass spectrometry. It was possible to identify a broad class of compounds in both flours, such as phenolic acids, flavonoids, among others. The flours can be possibly included in food commodities or packaging formulation since they are natural antioxidants, thus adding value to these products and reducing environmental issues. However, further analysis is needed to ensure bioavailability as well as food safety.
- Published
- 2022
15. Filmes biodegradáveis contendo extrato de bagaço de malte: desenvolvimento e potencial antioxidante
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Ludka, Flávia Rafaela, Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná (UTFPR), Olivato, Juliana Bonametti, Boscardin, Patricia Mathias Doll, and Shirai, Marianne Ayumi
- Subjects
Subproduto ,Cassava starch ,Compostos bioativos ,Cosmetic ,Bagaço de malte ,By product ,CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::FARMACIA [CNPQ] ,Cosmético ,Bioactive compounds ,Amido de mandioca ,Malt bagasse - Abstract
Submitted by arlindo kohlrausch (ajfk@uepg.br) on 2022-07-05T19:08:46Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Flávia Rafaela Ludka.pdf: 1808366 bytes, checksum: e83dc15b313cf4efecc978c01de5b51d (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-07-05T19:08:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Flávia Rafaela Ludka.pdf: 1808366 bytes, checksum: e83dc15b313cf4efecc978c01de5b51d (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-05-30 Existe uma preocupação crescente com o descarte de resíduos industriais e a consequência que esse ato traz ao meio ambiente, sendo a reutilização desses resíduos uma alternativa possível de sustentabilidade. A utilização do bagaço de malte, que é um subproduto da indústria cervejeira, torna-se uma possibilidade a esta problemática. Esse subproduto é rico em compostos fenólicos que possuem ação antioxidante, o que torna interessante sua utilização em produtos cosméticos para manutenção da saúde da pele. Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de filmes biodegradáveis formulados com amido de mandioca e poli (vinil álcool), glicerol e extrato de bagaço de malte, e posteriormente avaliar o teor de compostos fenólicos totais, atividade antioxidante (ABTS•+) e (DPPH• ) dos extratos e as propriedades mecânicas, ópticas e de barreira dos filmes, e ainda a cinética de liberação de compostos fenólicos totais dos filmes biodegradáveis. A extração dos compostos bioativos do bagaço de malte foi realizada pela técnica de Soxhlet, utilizando-se acetona como solvente. A atividade antioxidante do extrato de bagaço de malte avaliada pelo método ABTS•+ mostrou resultados de IC50 de 2,0 ± 0,6, enquanto a atividade antioxidante pelo método do DPPH• mostrou um resultado de 196,0 ± 18,6 para o IC50. O teor de fenólicos para o extrato foi de 310,1 ± 62,6 mg EAG/g. Em relação à caracterização dos filmes, o aumento na proporção de extrato de bagaço de malte resultou em filmes mais densos, registrando maiores valores de densidade para as formulações 3% (0,063 ± 0,009 g/cm3 ) e 5% (0,058 ± 0,015 g/cm3 ). Foi possível perceber que houve liberação dos compostos fenólicos dos filmes avaliados usando acetona como solvente, em ambas as amostras houve o aumento do teor de fenólicos liberados pelo filme em decorrência do tempo, atingindo valores de 217,8 mg EAG/mL para o Filme 3% (m/m) e 201,6 mg EAG/mL para o Filme 5% (m/m) ao final de 4 horas. No meio aquoso, tanto o filme 3% quanto o filme 5% apresentaram aumento do teor de fenólicos liberados em decorrência do tempo. Foram registrados valores do teor de fenólicos de 163,3 ± 20,9 mg EAG/mL para o Filme 3% e 165,7 ± 23,6 EAG/mL para o Filme 5%, ao final de 4 horas. A análise microestrutural dos filmes indicou que o Filme Padrão apresentou uma característica contínua, lisa e homogênea, sem poros, rachaduras ou irregularidades. Com inclusão de extrato de bagaço de malte, a superfície do filme tornou-se mais heterogênea e observou-se aumento da rugosidade, sugerindo que concentrações maiores de extrato de bagaço de malte alteraram a regularidade e homogeneidade, da matriz polimérica. O desempenho mecânico dos filmes biodegradáveis não foi significativamente influenciado pela inclusão dos extratos, assim como sua permeabilidade ao vapor de água. A inclusão de extrato de bagaço de malte resultou em filmes biodegradáveis com propriedades físico-químicas e potencial antioxidante promissores, podendo representar uma alternativa a ser aplicada na obtenção de máscaras faciais antienvelhecimento. There is a growing concern about the disposal of industrial waste and the consequence that this act brings to the environment. Thus the reuse of these wastes is a possible alternative for sustainability. The use of malt bagasse, which is a by-product of the brewing industry, becomes a possibility for this problem. This by-product is rich in phenolic compounds that have antioxidant action, and its use in cosmetic products to maintain skin health is interesting. This work aimed to develop biodegradable films formulated with cassava starch and poly (vinyl alcohol), glycerol and malt bagasse extract. Later, to evaluate the content of total phenolic compounds, antioxidant activity (ABTS•+), and (DPPH• ) of the extracts and the mechanical, optical and barrier properties of the films, as well as the release kinetics of total phenolic compounds from the biodegradable films. The extraction of bioactive compounds from malt bagasse was performed by the Soxhlet technique, using acetone as solvent. The antioxidant activity of malt bagasse extract evaluated by the ABTS•+ method showed IC50 results of 2.0 ± 0.6, meanwhile the antioxidant activity by the DPPH• method showed the result of 196.0 ± 18.6 for the IC50 The phenolic content for the extract was 310.1 ± 62.6 mg EAG/g. Regarding the characterization of the films, the increase in the proportion of malt bagasse extract resulted in denser films, recording higher density values for the 3% (0.063 ± 0.009 g/cm3 ) and 5% (0.058 ± 0.015 g/cm3 ) formulations. It was possible to notice that there was a release of phenolic compounds in the films evaluated, using acetone as a solvent, at both samples there was an increase in the content of phenolics released by the films as a result of time, reaching values of 217.8 mg GAE/mL for Film 3 % (m/m) and 201.6 mg GAE/mL for the 5% (m/m) Film at the end of 4 hours. In the aqueous medium, both the 3% film and the 5% film showed an increase in the content of phenolics released as the result of time. It was recorded values of phenolic compounds of 163.3 ± 20.9 mg GAE/mL for the 3% Film and 165.7 ± 23.6 GAE/mL for the 5% Film at the end of 4 hours. The microstructural analysis of the films indicated that the Standard Film presented a continuous, smooth, and homogeneous characteristic, without pores, cracks, or irregularities. With the inclusion of malt bagasse extract, the surface of the films became more heterogeneous, and an increase in roughness was observed, suggesting that higher concentrations of malt bagasse extract altered the regularity and homogeneity of the polymer matrix. The mechanical performance of biodegradable films was not significantly influenced by the inclusion of extracts as well as their permeability to water vapor. The inclusion of malt bagasse extract resulted in biodegradable films with promising physicochemical properties and antioxidant potential, which can represent an alternative to be applied to obtain anti-aging masks.
- Published
- 2022
16. Pirólise de bagaço de malte assistida por micro-ondas
- Author
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Pimenta, Fernanda Silva, Barrozo, Marcos Antonio de Souza, Duarte, Claudio Roberto, and Santos, Kássia Graciele dos
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Bio-óleo ,Controle de processos químicos ,Bio-oil ,ENGENHARIAS [CNPQ] ,Bagaço de malte ,Pirólise ,Biomassa ,Micro-ondas ,Engenharia quimica ,Microwave ,Pyrolysis ,Malt bagasse - Abstract
CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CNPq - Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico FAPEMIG - Fundação de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais A utilização da biomassa como fonte de energia tem se destacado como uma alternativa promissora para a redução do consumo de combustíveis fósseis. Nesse sentido, diversas técnicas de conversão desse material podem ser empregadas, entre elas os processos termoquímicos que visam a produção de energia. Dentre esses processos, a pirólise assistida por micro-ondas se destaca ao ser comparada à pirólise convencional por economia de tempo, alta eficiência de aquecimento e maior controle do processo. Essa técnica possibilita a valorização da biomassa através da sua decomposição térmica em atmosfera inerte, produzindo três produtos que normalmente apresentam maior densidade energética: o biocarvão, o bio-óleo e o gás. Os produtos pirolíticos podem substituir os combustíveis fósseis após processos de melhoramento (Upgrading Catalítico) ou serem utilizados na indústria química. Neste trabalho, foi estudado a pirólise de bagaço de malte assistida por micro-ondas com o objetivo de produzir produtos líquido, sólido e gasoso, com foco na análise de rendimentos e qualidade do produto líquido. Através de um planejamento com dois níveis e três variáveis, avaliou-se o efeito das variáveis temperatura, tempo de reação e faixa granulométrica da biomassa no processo estudado e identificou-se que a temperatura, a faixa granulométrica e a interação da temperatura e tempo de reação foram as variáveis que interferiram significativamente no rendimento de líquido pirolítico. Em um segundo momento, a metodologia de Superfície de Resposta foi utilizada para identificar o efeito das variáveis temperatura (X1) e porcentagem em massa de catalisador, no caso, o óxido de cálcio (X2), estudadas através de um Planejamento Composto Central (PCC). Os compostos presentes no bio-óleo foram identificados por cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massa (GC/MS) e a qualidade do mesmo foi determinada com base na quantidade de hidrocarbonetos presentes. Através do PCC utilizando o catalisador CaO, foi possível obter equações que descrevem o processo estudado, bem como a otimização do rendimento e da qualidade (teor de hidrocarbonetos) do bio-óleo, atingindo máximo rendimento líquido de 30,88%, considerado um rendimento bom para a técnica utilizada, e um rendimento de hidrocarbonetos igual a 61,58 %. Além disso, os resultados da composição do produto líquido no ponto ótimo são promissores, sendo que o mesmo apresentou a presença de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos de grande interesse para a indústria química. O biocarvão produzido no ponto ótimo também foi caracterizado e apresentou 23,6 % de carbono fixo e 33,98 % de voláteis. Através dos resultados citados acima, exalta-se que o uso dessa biomassa como fonte percussora de biocombustíveis e matéria-prima para indústria química via pirólise assistida por micro-ondas é uma área promissora e com um grande potencial para ser explorado em estudos futuros. The use of biomass as an energy source has emerged as a promising alternative for reducing fossil fuel consumption. In this sense, several techniques for converting this material can be used, including thermochemical processes aimed at energy production. Among these processes, microwave-assisted pyrolysis stands out when compared to conventional pyrolysis for time savings, high heating efficiency, and greater process control. This technique makes possible the valorization of biomass through its thermal decomposition in an inert atmosphere, producing three products that normally present higher energy density: biochar, bio-oil, and gas. Pyrolytic products can replace fossil fuels after upgrading processes (Catalytic Upgrading) or be used in the chemical industry. In this work, microwave-assisted pyrolysis of malt bagasse was studied to produce liquid, solid and gaseous products, focusing on the analysis of yields and quality of the liquid product. Through a 2^3 Planning, the effect of the variables temperature, reaction time, and granulometric range of the biomass in the studied process was evaluated and it was identified that the temperature, the granulometric range, and the interaction of temperature and reaction time were the variables that significantly interfered in the pyrolytic liquid yield. In a second step, the Response Surface methodology was used to identify the effect of the variables temperature (X1) and percentage by mass of catalyst, in this case, calcium oxide (X2), studied through a Central Composite Planning (CCP). The compounds present in the bio-oil were identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and the quality of the same was determined based on the amount of hydrocarbons present. Through PCC using the CaO catalyst, it was possible to obtain equations that describe the studied process, as well as the optimization of the yield and quality (hydrocarbon content) of the bio-oil, reaching a maximum net yield of 30.88%, considering a yield good for the technique used, and a hydrocarbon yield equal to 61.58%. In addition, the results of the composition of the liquid product at the optimum point are promising, and it showed the presence of aromatic hydrocarbons of great interest to the chemical industry. The biochar produced at the optimum point was also characterized and presented 23.6% of fixed carbon and 33.98% of volatiles. Through the results mentioned above, it is highlighted that the use of this biomass as a precursor to biofuels and raw material for the chemical industry via microwave-assisted pyrolysis is a promising area with great potential to be explored in future studies. Dissertação (Mestrado)
- Published
- 2022
17. Study of the drying kinetics of the malt bagasse in a pneumatic transporter
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Bruna Costa Muriel, S Marcelo Batista, Carolina Coelho Monteiro, J O Vítor Silva, Gabriela Duarte Drumond, Maria Pinto Bernadete, and Cássia Souza Ribeiro
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Materials science ,020209 energy ,General Chemical Engineering ,Diffusion ,Airflow ,02 engineering and technology ,Heat transfer coefficient ,010501 environmental sciences ,Thermal diffusivity ,01 natural sciences ,malt bagasse ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,lcsh:Chemical engineering ,lcsh:HD9650-9663 ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,drying kinetic models ,Moisture ,business.industry ,flash pneumatic dryer ,lcsh:TP155-156 ,Atmospheric temperature range ,Pulp and paper industry ,Brewing ,Bagasse ,business ,brewing industry ,lcsh:Chemical industries - Abstract
Malt bagasse is a by-product of the brewing industry that has high moisture, making it very unstable and susceptible to fast microbial deterioration. This work evaluated drying kinetic models of malt bagasse during pneumatic transport with air flow at 30, 45 and 60?C and layouts of 4.5 and 7.0 m. The results showed that the decrease of moisture from malt bagasse was favored at higher air temperature due to the higher diffusion coefficient. In the ranges measured, the values of the effective moisture diffusivity and heat transfer coefficient were obtained between 2.05?10?10 to 12.74?10?10 m2/s and 175 to 363 W/(m2 K), respectively. Average energy for liquid diffusion in the malt bagasse drying process was 44.30 kJ/mol. Pneumatic transport with air flow at 60?C and layout of 7.0 m reached rapidly the final moisture of 12% (w.b.), which may reduce transport costs and allow for long periods of stable storage for malt bagasse. The statistical tests results showed that the experimental data presented excellent fit using the modified Henderson-Pabis model, in the temperature range for both layouts.
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- 2020
18. Evaluation of the anticorrosion performance of malt bagasse as corrosion inhibitor for AISI 1020 carbon steel in acidic solution
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Thássia Félix de Almeida, Mayara Cristina Fernandes de Carvalho, Maria Eduarda Santos de Jesus, Caio Cezar Neves Kunrath, Lhaira Souza Barreto, Franco Dani Rico Amado, and Vera Rosa Capelossi
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natural inhibitor ,corrosion ,EIS ,acidic medium ,General Physics and Astronomy ,General Materials Science ,General Chemistry ,Malt bagasse - Abstract
The malt bagasse is a solid residue, highly produced in the brewing industry. The presence of high levels of antioxidants in its composition makes this residue an attractive possibility as a corrosion inhibitor, besides being a sustainable and low cost alternative to the inorganic procedures currently used to prevent corrosion. In this sense, this work evaluated the efficiency of the malt bagasse powder as a corrosion inhibitor on the surface of AISI 1020 carbon steel, in different concentrations, in acidic medium 0.5 mol.L-1 HCl. The resistance to corrosion was tested by electrochemical techniques, such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and anodic and cathodic polarization curves. The efficiency of the corrosion inhibitor was evaluated by weight loss tests. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical microscope surface image analysis were respectively used as chemical and morphological characterization techniques, respectively. From the EIS results, it can be said that the powder has its efficiency increased once the concentration is higher. On the other hand, the polarization curves shows the malt bagasse powder as an inhibitor presents both anodic and cathodic behavior. The weight loss results confirmed the electrochemical results, showing 92.5% efficiency for the 1.77 g.L-1 concentration. The adsorption isotherm on the steel surface follows Languimir’s Isotherm. The FTIR analysis indicates the presence of heteroatoms such as C, N, O, incorporated in functional groups that could be responsible for the inhibitory properties found in the powder. The images obtained from the optical microscope, showed that the corrosion process, in the presence of the inhibitor in the electrolyte, is retarded. Therefore, the results indicate that the malt bagasse powder has the potential to be a corrosion inhibitor for steel in acidic medium, adding value in the beer production chain.
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- 2022
19. Textile dye removal from aqueous solutions by malt bagasse: Isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies.
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Fontana, Klaiani B., Chaves, Eduardo S., Sanchez, Jefferson D.S., Watanabe, Erica R.L.R., Pietrobelli, Juliana M.T.A., and Lenzi, Giane G.
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TEXTILE dyeing ,AQUEOUS solutions ,BIOMASS ,AGITATION (Psychology) ,BAGASSE - Abstract
The biosorption of orange solimax TGL 182% (OS-TGL) textile dye onto new and low cost biossorbent (malt bagasse) in aqueous solutions was investigated. The malt bagasse was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and specific surface area (BET method).Batch biosorption experiments were conducted in order to determine the following parameters: particles size, pH, agitation speed, temperature, contact time, biomass dosage, influence of the ionic strength and, finally, the influence of other textile dye on the OS-TGL biosorption. The optimum conditions for OS-TGL removal were obtained at pH 1.5, agitation speed of 150 rpm, contact time of 180 min and biomass dosage 2, 8 g L −1 . The results show that the kinetics of biosorption followed a pseudo-second-order model and by increasing the temperature from 293 up to 313 K, the biosorption capacity was improved. The Langmuir model showed better fit and the estimated biosorption capacity was 23.2 mg g −1 . The negative values of Gibbs free energy, ΔG°, and positive value of enthalpy, ΔH°, confirm the spontaneous nature and endothermic character of the biosorption process. The results of the ionic strength effect indicated that the biosorption process under study had a strong tolerance in high salt concentrations. The removal capacity (>95%) was not affected with the presence of other textile dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Development of polypropylene (PP) composites with malt bagasse and organophilic clay
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Gonçalves, Leonardo Marques, Costa, Helson Moreira da, Andrade, Monica Calixto de, and Sirqueira, Alex da Silva
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Polímeros ,Misturas ,Cerveja ,Compósitos poliméricos ,Bagaço de malte ,Impact test ,Propriedades mecânicas ,Polipropileno ,Compósitos ,ENGENHARIA DE MATERIAIS E METALURGICA::MATERIAIS NAO METALICOS [ENGENHARIAS] ,MEV ,Ensaio de impacto ,SEM ,Argila organofilica ,Polypropylene ,Malt bagasse ,Composites - Abstract
Submitted by Pâmela CTC/E (pamela.flegr@uerj.br) on 2021-08-24T21:18:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Leonardo Marques Gonçalves - 2021 - Completa.pdf: 4339143 bytes, checksum: f0b264a377ea949e810b17dbac57243c (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2021-08-24T21:18:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Leonardo Marques Gonçalves - 2021 - Completa.pdf: 4339143 bytes, checksum: f0b264a377ea949e810b17dbac57243c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2021-04-15 Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES Brewery residue, named malt bagasse (BM), was incorporated into commercial polypropylene (PP) alongside with organophilic clay (AO). Different composites, determined according to mixture design established by MINITAB program, including grape seed oil and compatibilizer agent (high density polyethylene graphtized with maleic anhydride), were processed in a twin-screw extruder. After characterization of BM and processing of PP / BM / AO mixtures, specimens were obtained, and mechanical property of impact resistance and scanning electron microscopy were conducted. The experimental results allowed to conclude that: malt bagasse, like other lignocellulosic fillers (sugar cane straw and bagasse, coffee husk and others), exhibits a relevant hydrophilic character; use of BM, without any direct chemical treatments, did not allow that residue provided any reinforcing action; and an intermediate performance was only achieved when a reduced AO content was added. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) proved a relevant lack of adhesion between BM filler and thermoplastic matrix. Positive points of the experimental investigation were: probable increase in the biodegradation of composites when BM is present; and, non-reinforcing filler character associated to the residue. O resíduo de cervejaria, denominado bagaço de malte (BM), foi incorporado ao polipropileno (PP) comercial em conjunto com a argila organofílica (AO). Os diferentes compósitos, determinados segundo o planejamento de misturas estabelecido pelo programa MINITAB, juntamente com o óleo de semente de uva e o agente compatibilizante (polietileno de alta densidade graftizado com anidrido maleico), foram processados em extrusora de rosca dupla. Após a caracterização de BM e o processamento das misturas PP/BM/AO, corpos de prova foram obtidos e a propriedade mecânica de resistência ao impacto e a microscopia eletrônica de varredura foram conduzidas. Os resultados experimentais permitiram concluir que: o bagaço de malte, a exemplo de outras cargas de natureza lignocelulósica (palha e bagaço de cana-de-açúcar, casca de café e outras), exibe um caráter hidrofílico relevante; o uso de BM, sem quaisquer tratamentos químicos diretos, não permitiu que o resíduo desempenhasse qualquer ação reforçante; e, um desempenho intermediário só foi alcançado quando um teor reduzido de AO foi adicionado. A microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) comprovou a falta de adesão relevante entre a carga de BM e a matriz termoplástica. Ficam como pontos positivos da investigação experimental o aumento provável da biodegradação dos compósitos onde BM possa estar presente e o caráter de carga de recheio que pode ser associado ao rejeito.
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- 2021
21. The physicochemical properties of fibrous residues from the agro industry.
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Jacometti, Giselle A., Mello, Léa R.P.F., Nascimento, Pedro H.A., Sueiro, Ana Claudia, Yamashita, Fabio, and Mali, Suzana
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BAGASSE , *RICE hulls , *FIBER content of food , *AGRICULTURAL industries , *MALT , *FOOD emulsifiers - Abstract
The objectives of this work were to determine some of the physicochemical properties of four agro-industrial residues, namely malt bagasse, oat hulls, rice hulls and fibrous residue from banana pseudo-stems (FRBPS). Oat hulls contained the highest dietary fiber content (89.08 g/100 g), followed by malt bagasse (63.84 g/100 g), rice hulls (56.26 g/100 g) and FRBPS (47.99 g/100 g). The insoluble fiber in all residues formed the major fraction of the fiber contents, ranging from 43.79 (FRBPS) to 88.0 g/100 g (oat hulls). FRBPS exhibited the highest soluble fiber content (4.44 g/100 g), water (4.71 g/g) and oil-holding capacity (2.68 g/g). Only malt bagasse and FRBPS exhibited emulsifying capacity, which was 59.83 and 8.28 mL oil/g, respectively. As demonstrated by water sorption isotherms, rice hulls were less hygroscopic and FRBPS were more hygroscopic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Resíduo da indústria cervejeira como precursor de carvão ativado comparado a outros resíduos agroindustriais: uma revisão
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Bressan, Paulo, Geremias, Rodrigo, de Souza, Edson Luiz, Bressan, Paulo, Geremias, Rodrigo, and de Souza, Edson Luiz
- Abstract
Activated carbon (CA) is a carbon-based material with a well-developed internal porous structure and large surface area. It is a very popular adsorbent used for water and wastewater treatment. Brazil is the third largest beer producer in the world, due to the large amount of waste generated by this industrial branch several alternatives are propose for the use of waste, one of them is the production of CA with the bagasse of malt. To evaluate malt bagasse as a precursor for CA it was compared to other agro-industrial residues that are used as precursors for CA, such as the residue from coffee production and orange peel, the type of physical and chemical activation for obtaining CA and the adsorption capacity were also compared, phenomenon physical chemical in which the component of a gaseous or liquid phase is transferred to a solid surface, the components that join a solid phase are called adsorbates and the component that retains the liquid phase is called adsorbent (CA). Malt bagasse as a precursor to CA has proven to be a promising alternative because of the results achieved compared to other agroindustrial wastes and because it is a cheap and resource-intensive alternative., O carvão ativado (CA) consiste em um material baseado em carbono, com uma estrutura porosa interna bem desenvolvida, com grande área superficial, sendo um adsorvente muito popular utilizado para tratamento de água e efluentes. O Brasil é o terceiro maior produtor de cerveja do mundo, em razão da grande quantidade de resíduos gerados por esse ramo industrial, assim várias alternativas são propostas para utilização dos resíduos, uma delas é a produção de CA com o bagaço do malte. Para avaliar o bagaço do malte como precursor para o CA ele foi comparado a outros resíduos agroindustriais que são utilizados como precursores para o CA, como o resíduo da produção de café e a casca de laranja. Foi comparado também o tipo de ativação física e química para a obtenção do CA e a capacidade de adsorção, fenômeno físico químico em que o componente de uma fase gasosa ou líquida são transferidos para uma superfície sólida. Os componentes que se juntam a fase sólida são chamados de adsorbatos e o componente que retêm a fase líquida é chamado de adsorvente (CA). O bagaço do malte como precursor para o CA se mostrou como uma alternativa promissora pelos resultados atingidos em comparação com outros resíduos agroindustriais e por ser uma alternativa barata e com muita disponibilidade de resíduo.
- Published
- 2020
23. Desarrollo, caracterización físico-química y análisis sensorial de panes integrales agregados de residuos de elaboración de cerveza estilo Pilsen y Porter
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Tombini, Caroline, Agnol, Jéssica Dall, Capelezzo, Letícia, Godoy, Janayne Sander, Machado Junior , Francisco Roberto da Silva, Lajús, Cristiano Reschke, Mello, Josiane Maria Muneron de, and Dalcanton, Francieli
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Whole grain breads ,Sensory acceptance ,Composición centesimal ,Pães integrais ,Composição centesimal ,Panes integrales ,Aceptación sensorial ,Centesimal composition ,Bagazo de malta ,Bagaço de malte ,Aceitação sensorial ,Malt bagasse - Abstract
The generation of waste by the agribusiness can be an environmental problem. Malt bagasse, originated in large quantities in beer production, corresponds to up to 85% of the residues generated in this process and has as its main destination animal feed or landfills. Due to its nutritional constitution, it can be used in the preparation of food for human consumption. In this sense, we sought to develop and evaluate breads made from malt residue from the production of Pilsen and Porter style beers. For this, the breads were produced using malt bagasse, following a previously determined formulation and subsequently evaluated in relation to the parameters of humidity, pH, ash, proteins, lipids, crude fiber and total carbohydrates. Still, the breads were analyzed sensorially, where the profile of the tasters was characterized, the preference among the elaborated products, the acceptance by hedonic scale and the purchase intention. As main results, the breads showed nutritionally important values, with attention to fibers, which ranged from 2.15 to 2.20% for Porter and Pilsen and proteins, from 9.31 to 11%, respectively. In the sensory analysis, there was no statistical difference in the preference assessment. The breads obtained average grades above 6 (I liked it slightly) for all the attributes evaluated and the purchase intention showed that 37% of the judges would buy both elaborated products. Thus, the preparation of bread from waste from the beer industry proved to be a promising option to give a more noble destination to this residue, in addition to being nutritionally positive. La generación de residuos por parte de la agroindustria puede ser un problema ambiental. El bagazo de malta, originado en grandes cantidades en la producción de cerveza, corresponde hasta al 85% de los residuos generados en este proceso y tiene como principal destino la alimentación animal o los vertederos. Por su constitución nutricional, se puede utilizar en la preparación de alimentos para consumo humano. En este sentido, buscamos desarrollar y evaluar panes elaborados a partir de residuos de malta de la producción de cervezas estilo Pilsen y Porter. Para ello, los panes se elaboraron utilizando bagazo de malta, siguiendo una formulación previamente determinada y posteriormente evaluados en relación a los parámetros de humedad, pH, cenizas, proteínas, lípidos, fibra cruda y carbohidratos totales. Aún así, los panes fueron analizados sensorialmente, donde se caracterizó el perfil de los catadores, la preferencia entre los productos elaborados, la aceptación por escala hedónica y la intención de compra. Como principales resultados, los panes mostraron valores nutricionalmente importantes, con atención a las fibras, que variaron de 2,15 a 2,20% para Porter y Pilsen y proteínas, de 9,31 a 11%, respectivamente. En el análisis sensorial, no hubo diferencia estadística en la evaluación de preferencias. Los panes obtuvieron calificaciones promedio superiores a 6 (me gustó un poco) para todos los atributos evaluados y la intención de compra mostró que el 37% de los jueces compraría ambos productos elaborados. Así, la elaboración de pan a partir de residuos de la industria cervecera resultó ser una opción prometedora para darle un destino más noble a este residuo, además de ser nutricionalmente positivo. A geração de resíduos pela agroindústria pode configurar um problema ambiental. O bagaço de malte, originado em grande quantidade na produção de cerveja, corresponde até a 85% dos resíduos gerados nesse processo e tem como principal destino a alimentação animal ou aterros sanitários. Devido sua constituição nutricional, pode ser utilizado na elaboração de alimentos para consumo humano. Nesse sentido, buscou-se desenvolver e avaliar pães elaborados a partir do resíduo de malte proveniente da produção de cervejas estilo Pilsen e Porter. Para isso, os pães foram produzidos utilizando o bagaço de malte, seguindo uma formulação previamente determinada e, posteriormente avaliados em relação aos parâmetros de umidade, pH, cinzas, proteínas, lipídios, fibra bruta e carboidratos totais. Ainda, os pães foram analisados sensorialmente, onde caracterizou-se o perfil dos provadores, a preferência entre os produtos elaborados, a aceitação por escala hedônica e a intenção de compra. Como resultados principais, os pães apresentaram valores importantes nutricionalmente, com atenção para fibras, que variou de 2,15 a 2,20% para Porter e Pilsen e proteínas, de 9,31 a 11%, respectivamente. Na análise sensorial, não houve diferença estatística na avaliação de preferência. Os pães obtiveram notas médias acima de 6 (gostei ligeiramente) para todos os atributos avaliados e a intenção de compra demonstrou que 37% dos julgadores comprariam ambos os produtos elaborados. Dessa forma, a elaboração de pães a partir de resíduo da indústria de cerveja mostrou-se como uma opção promissora para dar uma destinação mais nobre para esse resíduo, além de apresentar-se nutricionalmente positiva.
- Published
- 2020
24. Prospecção de produtos inovadores com a utilização do bagaço de malte na fabricação de gelatos
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Nascimento, Clodoaldo Silva do, Souza, José Edmundo Accioly de, Tonholo, Josealdo, Alencar, Soraya Lyra, Pinto , Ibsen Mateus Bittencourt Santana, and Carvalho, Cenira Monteiro de
- Subjects
Cevada ,Reuse malt flour ,Farinhas – Indústria – Malte ,Barley ,Ice cream drinks ,Bagaço de malte ,Fiber ,CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ADMINISTRACAO [CNPQ] ,Fibras ,Sorvetes, gelados, etc – Indústria ,Malt bagasse - Abstract
Beer is one of the most consumed drinks in the world, and Brazil is among the largest beer producers, behind only the United States and China. As in most industrial processes, beer production has unit ary operations that generate by-products, such as malt bagasse that is obtained in the filtration of the must. Malt bagasse is considered a secondary product of low value because it is not very useful in the brewing industries, being sold for on average R$ 70.00 a tonne; however this residue has been attracting the attention of many researchers in recent times, due to its composition rich in fibers, proteins, amino acids and various minerals beneficial to human health. Malt bagasse maintains virtually all barley properties even after processes designed for it to be generated; thus, among so many methods developed for the reuse of this residue that most of the time ends up being discarded, a solution that is being very prominent is the use of malt bagasse in food, this stimulated the creativity of several people who have come to create fiber-rich recipes, and even nutritionists recommending diets with foods made with malt bagasse. The reuse of malt bagasse with food recipes beneficial to human health, is the current noblest cause to avoid inadequate disposal of this residue, but among so many recipes already developed and marketed, new ones are always being made studies to optimize some existing idea or even create a new one. O Brasil está entre os maiores produtores de uma das bebidas mais consumidas do mundo: a cerveja. Assim como na maioria dos processos industriais, a produção da cerveja perpassa por operações unitárias que geram subprodutos, como o bagaço de malte, obtido a partir da filtração do mosto. Este subproduto é considerado de baixo valor, sendo vendido por, em média, R$ 70,00/tonelada ou simplesmente descartado sem o controle ambiental adequado, malgrado a existência de diversas pesquisas que demonstram a rica composição nutricional do bagaço de malte. Este trabalho se propõe a apresentar sugestões para que esse subproduto seja reutilizado de forma sustentável, nobre e inovadora. Assim, partiu-se de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a cevada, o malte e as fibras neles presentes, aliando esse conhecimento à realidade alagoana, para, desse modo, conceber uma nova modalidade de gelato enriquecido com farinha de malte. O bagaço de malte foi coletado na cervejaria artesanal Hop Bros e levado para processo de secagem; o resíduo úmido de cerveja (RUC), 700g foi colocado em forno de turbo vertical com temperatura de 170oC por 26 minutos com o fito de facilitar o processo de trituração, transformando esse bagaço em farinha. A farinha de malte e o gelato de cerveja com adição de farinha de malte foram submetidos às análises microbiológicas conforme RDC (Resolução da Diretoria Colegiada) 12/2001. Constatou-se a sua viabilidade para o consumo humano. As análises da composição nutricional do gelato, conforme RDC 54/2012, revelaram um produto rico em fibras, com baixo teor de lactose, zero de gordura trans e poucas calorias: 106 kcal para cada 60g. Os resultados mostram que o gelato cervejeiro com bagaço de malte é escalonável e traz benefícios alimentícios e para o meio ambiente.
- Published
- 2020
25. Treatment of effluents containing 2-chlorophenol by adsorption onto chemically and physically activated biochars
- Author
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Gabriela Carvalho Collazzo, Guilherme Luiz Dotto, Lauren M. M. Machado, Marcos L.S. Oliveira, Daniele Perondi, Marcelo Godinho, and Sabrina F. Lütke
- Subjects
Environmental remediation ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,01 natural sciences ,Chlorophenol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,Biochar ,Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous) ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Effluent ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Adsorción ,Clorofenol ,Process Chemistry and Technology ,Bagazo de malta ,Biocarbón ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Pollution ,chemistry ,2-Chlorophenol ,Environmental chemistry ,Pirólisis ,0210 nano-technology ,Bagasse ,Pyrolysis ,Malt bagasse - Abstract
The application of adsorption using biochars for the remediation of effluents containing emerging contaminants, including chlorophenols, is a hotspot and trend development in the literature. This treatment is more interesting when using readily available wastes and at no cost, such as malt bagasse, for example. Here, the biochars were produced from malt bagasse, by physical and chemical activation (with CO2 and ZnCl2, respectively) and employed as adsorbents in the remediation of effluents containing 2-chlorophenol. Results revealed that the activated biochars have mesoporous structures and surface areas of 161 m² g-1 (CO2) and 545 m² g-1 (ZnCl2). For both activated biochars, adsorption of 2-chlorophenol was favored under acid conditions, with the highest adsorption capacities found using ZnCl2-activated biochar. The maximum adsorption capacity using ZnCl2-activated biochar was 150 mg g-1. The process was endothermic and spontaneous. ZnCl2-activated biochar exhibited an efficiency of 98% (using a dosage of 10 g L-1) in the treatment of industrial effluents containing 2-chlorophenol. La aplicación de la adsorción mediante biocarros para la remediación de efluentes que contienen contaminantes emergentes, incluidos los clorofenoles, es un punto crítico y un desarrollo de tendencia en la literatura. Este tratamiento es más interesante cuando se utilizan residuos fácilmente disponibles y sin costo, como el bagazo de malta, por ejemplo. Aquí, los biocarros se produjeron a partir de bagazo de malta, mediante activación física y química (con CO2 y ZnCl2, respectivamente) y se emplearon como adsorbentes en la remediación de efluentes que contienen 2-clorofenol. Los resultados revelaron que los biocarros activados tienen estructuras mesoporosas y áreas superficiales de 161 m² g-1 (CO2) y 545 m² g-1 (ZnCl2). Para ambos biocarros activados, la adsorción de 2-clorofenol se vio favorecida en condiciones ácidas, con las capacidades de adsorción más altas encontradas utilizando biocarbón activado con ZnCl2. La capacidad máxima de adsorción usando biocarbón activado con ZnCl2 fue de 150 mg g-1. El proceso fue endotérmico y espontáneo. El biocarbón activado con ZnCl2 exhibió una eficiencia del 98% (usando una dosis de 10 g L-1) en el tratamiento de efluentes industriales que contienen 2-clorofenol.
- Published
- 2020
26. Potential applications of brewery spent grain: Critical an overview.
- Author
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Bachmann, Suyanne Angie Lunelli, Calvete, Tatiana, and Féris, Liliana Amaral
- Subjects
CHEMICAL elements ,BIOACTIVE compounds ,SOIL remediation ,ANIMAL feeds ,BIOGAS production ,LIGNOCELLULOSE ,BIOPOLYMERS ,BIOGAS - Abstract
Brewery Spent Grain (BSG) is a fibrous residue composed mainly of cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. It is rich in proteins, fermentable sugars, and bioactive compounds. These characteristics make BSG an essential feedstock for obtaining different products with high added value. Although it is widely used for animal feed, its use as a commodity for other applications has aroused interest. In this sense, this review article aims to provide an updated overview of the main uses and potential applications of BSG, from a critical perspective. For that, research articles were selected according to pre-established criteria using ScienceDirect and Scopus databases. The bibliographic research showed that BSG is rich in protein and amino acids, which make it attractive to animal feed. BSG has been employed to biogas production due to its energy value. The chemicals element presence, such as carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus show that the BSG is a nutrient font to plant and microorganism used in several bioprocesses. Also, BSG is a lignocellulosic material that makes it attractive to produce biochar used in soil remediation, as adsorbent, and biocatalyst. Besides of these uses, its potential for application in biorefinery especially to bioproducts obtention, such as enzyme, biopolymers, biocides, and biofuel have been highlighted. It was evident that BSG has been used for several industrial applications. However, studies of operational conditions, cost, and energy efficiency assessments, product performance studies, among many others, are still necessary for the consolidation of BSG as a feedstock. [Display omitted] • The protein, fiber, and amino acids content in BSG makes it attractive to animal feed. • BSG has been used to anaerobic digestion due to its energy value. • BSG can be used to cationic and anionic species adsorption, especially metals and dyes. • The BSG is nutrient font to plants and microorganisms due to N, P and C content. • BSG has been employed to bioproducts obtention, such as enzyme and biofuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Avaliação da pirólise catalítica do resíduo da indústria cervejeira
- Author
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SILVA, Lucas Donizete, SANTOS, Kássia Graciele dos, and SILVÉRIO, Beatriz Cristina
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Cinética ,Bagaço de malte ,Pyrolysis ,Pirólise ,Malt bagasse ,Química ,Kinetics - Abstract
A grande disponibilidade de resíduos agroindustriais e a busca por fontes alternativas para geração de energia e produção de produtos químicos tornam a pirólise uma estratégia de conversão atrativa. A pirólise consiste na conversão térmica por meio da quebra dos componentes da biomassa: extrativos, hemicelulose, celulose e lignina para produção de carvão, bio-óleo e gases. Esses produtos apresentam-se com densidade energética superior à biomassa in natura. Dessa forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a pirólise catalítica e não catalítica do bagaço de malte, analisando o efeito da temperatura de pirólise e concentração de aditivo cloreto de magnésio sobre os rendimentos dos produtos e suas principais características. Foram avaliadas as propriedades físicas e químicas da biomassa por meio distribuição granulométrica, densidade e empregando as análises: elementar, imediata, espectroscópica no infravermelho com transformada de Fourier (FTIR), composição lignocelulósica e termogravimétrica. A cinética de degradação térmica foi estimada empregando um Algoritmo de Evolução Diferencial. Foram avaliados os modelos reparametrizados de reação global e de reações paralelas independentes, a partir de dados termogravimetria dinâmica (TGA). Para o bagaço de malte puro, empregou-se taxas de aquecimento: 10, 20, 30, 40 e 50 K/min, enquanto que para a biomassa com o catalisador foram feitos testes a 40 K/min, nas concentrações mássicas de 5 e 10 % de aditivo. A pirólise foi realizada em leito fixo e o cenário experimental foi determinado através de um planejamento fatorial a três níveis, com temperaturas de 723, 773 e 823 K e concentração de aditivo cloreto de magnésio de 0, 5 e 10%. Os rendimentos dos produtos líquido e sólido foram determinados por gravimetria. A caraterização do carvão feita por FTIR e a fração orgânica do produto líquido caracterizada por cromatografia gasosa acoplada ao espectrômetro de massas (CGMS). Os resultados das caracterizações da biomassa mostraram propriedades promissoras para utilizar o bagaço de malte no processo de pirólise. Além disso, os resultados indicaram menor energia de ativação média que outras biomassas, fato que viabiliza a aplicação em processos de pirólise. A presença de cloreto de magnésio apresentou um efeito catalítico no processo de decomposição térmica, reduzindo a energia de ativação do processo, aumentando a conversão em menores temperaturas. As variáveis investigadas no processo de pirólise foram ambas significativas na geração dos produtos. O rendimento do bio-óleo foi maximizado pelas maiores temperaturas e pelo aumento da concentração de aditivo. Assim como o rendimento, a presença de aditivo favoreceu a seletividade dos produtos pirolíticos, formando majoritariamente ésteres. Por fim, o aumento de aditivo favoreceu a produção de carvão, associado as menores temperaturas. Quanto aos gases, houve uma redução significativa com o uso do catalisador. The large availability of agro-industrial waste and the search for alternative sources of energy generation and chemical compounds become the pyrolysis an attractive strategy. Pyrolysis consists of the thermal conversion of biomass, by breaking of the components: extractives, hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin for coal, bio-oil and gas production. These products have a higher energy density than in nature biomass. Thus, the objective of this work was to study the catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis of malt bagasse by analyzing the effect of pyrolysis temperature and magnesium chloride concentration on product yields and main characteristics. They were evaluated as physical and chemical properties of biomass through particle size distribution, density and employing the analyzes: elemental, immediate, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic (FTIR), lignocellulosic and thermogravimetric composition. Degradation kinetics have been estimated using a Differential Avoidance Algorithm. Reparametrized global reaction model and reparametrized independent parallel reaction model were employed based on dynamic thermogravimetry (TGA) data. TGA was performaed for pure malt bagasse with heating rate of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 K / min, while for a catalyst biomass, tests were performed at 40 K / min, at 5 and 10% additive mass concentrations. Pyrolysis was performed in a fixed bed and the experimental scenario was determined through a three-level factorial design, with temperatures of 723, 773 and 823 K and concentration of magnesium chloride of 0, 5 and 10%. Yields of products were determined by gravimetry. Coal characterization made by FTIR and organic fraction of the liquid product characterized by gas chromatography coupled to the mass spectrometer (CGMS). The results of biomass characterization showed in promising to use malt bagasse in the pyrolysis process. In addition, the results indicated lower activation energy than other biomasses, a fact that makes possible an application in pyrolysis processes. The presence of magnesium chloride had a catalytic effect on the thermal decomposition process. The variables were significant in the product generation process. Bio-oil yield was maximized by higher temperatures and increased additive concentration. As well as yield, the presence of additive favored the selectivity of pyrolytic products, forming mostly esters. Finally, the increase in additive favored coal production, associated with lower temperatures. As for gases, there was a significant reduction with the use of the catalyst.
- Published
- 2019
28. Experimental investigation of drying of malt bagasse
- Author
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Zorzi, B., Machry, K., Krolow, P., Moura, C., Oliveira, E., Rosa, G., Zorzi, B., Machry, K., Krolow, P., Moura, C., Oliveira, E., and Rosa, G.
- Abstract
[EN] The aim of this work was to investigate the convective drying process of malt bagasse and to evaluate the influence of this process on the application of this residue as adsorbent in methylene blue removel by adsorption process. The experimental system for drying was a fixed bed dryer with parallel airflow, with operating conditions: air temperature in the range of 40 to 90 oC and air veocity of 2 m/s. The adsorption experiments were perfomed with solution of methylene blue at 70 ppm concentration. The drying kinetics showed a constant drying rate period followed by a falling drying rate. The results obtained for the dye removal efficiency were 56% for in natura sample and in the range of 81.69% to 93.99% for dried samples.
- Published
- 2018
29. Experimental investigation of drying of malt bagasse
- Author
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Karine Machry, Gabriela Silveira da Rosa, Elizangela Gonçalves De Oliveira, Catarina Motta de Moura, B. Zorzi, and P. Krolow
- Subjects
Intensification ,Materials science ,Energy ,Dehydration ,Evaporation ,Sublimation ,Dewatering ,Pulp and paper industry ,Environmental ,Diffusion ,Emerging technologies ,Process control ,Products quality ,Adsorption ,Bagasse ,Drying ,Malt bagasse - Abstract
The aim of this work was to investigate the convective drying process of malt bagasse and to evaluate the influence of this process on the application of this residue as adsorbent in methylene blue removel by adsorption process. The experimental system for drying was a fixed bed dryer with parallel airflow, with operating conditions: air temperature in the range of 40 to 90 oC and air veocity of 2 m/s. The adsorption experiments were perfomed with solution of methylene blue at 70 ppm concentration. The drying kinetics showed a constant drying rate period followed by a falling drying rate. The results obtained for the dye removal efficiency were 56% for in natura sample and in the range of 81.69% to 93.99% for dried samples.Keywords: dryin; malt bagasse; adsorption
- Published
- 2018
30. Desenvolvimento de embalagens sustent?veis a partir de subprodutos agroindustriais
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Ferreira, Danielle Cristine Mota, Pelissari, Franciele Maria, Cardoso, Giselle Pereira, Roa, Juan Pedro Bretas, and Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri (UFVJM)
- Subjects
Baga?o de cana-de-a??car ,New materials ,Babassu mesocarp ,Palha de milho ,Orange bagasse ,Mesocarpo de baba?u ,Sugarcane bagasse ,Corn husk ,Novos materiais ,Baga?o de malte ,Baga?o de laranja ,Malt bagasse - Abstract
O presente trabalho foi realizado com apoio da Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - C?digo de Financiamento 001. Submitted by Danielle Ferreira (danimotaferreira@gmail.com) on 2020-04-23T19:19:23Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Disserta??o - Danielle Ferreira FINAL.pdf: 6101536 bytes, checksum: 8a475250fb5c0fc3bf18afaee80b810d (MD5) Rejected by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br), reason: Bom dia! N?o foi anexado o Termo de autoriza??o dispon?vel em: http://acervo.ufvjm.edu.br/jspui/termo_autorizacao_teses_dissertacoes.odt on 2020-05-19T14:30:04Z (GMT) Submitted by Danielle Ferreira (danimotaferreira@gmail.com) on 2020-05-20T13:41:22Z No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta??o - Danielle Ferreira FINAL.pdf: 6101536 bytes, checksum: 8a475250fb5c0fc3bf18afaee80b810d (MD5) Termo_Autorizacao_Disserta??o_Danielle_Ferreira.pdf: 190298 bytes, checksum: 38a72b8ff2a9c0fc69ed869ca523e32b (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Rodrigo Martins Cruz (rodrigo.cruz@ufvjm.edu.br) on 2020-05-20T14:01:03Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta??o - Danielle Ferreira FINAL.pdf: 6101536 bytes, checksum: 8a475250fb5c0fc3bf18afaee80b810d (MD5) Termo_Autorizacao_Disserta??o_Danielle_Ferreira.pdf: 190298 bytes, checksum: 38a72b8ff2a9c0fc69ed869ca523e32b (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2020-05-20T14:01:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Disserta??o - Danielle Ferreira FINAL.pdf: 6101536 bytes, checksum: 8a475250fb5c0fc3bf18afaee80b810d (MD5) Termo_Autorizacao_Disserta??o_Danielle_Ferreira.pdf: 190298 bytes, checksum: 38a72b8ff2a9c0fc69ed869ca523e32b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) Funda??o de Amparo ? Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais (FAPEMIG) O desenvolvimento de embalagens biodegrad?veis obtidas de fontes renov?veis ? uma alternativa ao uso dos pl?sticos convencionais derivados de petr?leo e vem contribuir com a preserva??o ambiental de forma sustent?vel. O amido de mandioca ? uma mat?ria-prima promissora para este fim, pois apresenta baixo custo, abund?ncia, origem renov?vel e biodegradabilidade. No entanto, a produ??o de embalagens compostas exclusivamente de amido resulta em materiais de natureza quebradi?a e higrosc?pica, com propriedades inferiores aos pl?sticos convencionais, sendo necess?rio o emprego de aditivos e plastificantes para melhorar suas propriedades f?sico-qu?micas. A utiliza??o de farinhas de diversas fontes e de outros materiais de refor?o, tais como as fibras lignocelul?sicas, como refor?o em matrizes polim?ricas ? interessante, pois diminuem a rigidez e melhoram a biodegradabilidade do material. O objetivo geral deste trabalho foi produzir embalagens biodegrad?veis do tipo bandeja a partir de amido de mandioca, adicionado de baga?o de cana-de-a??car, palha de milho, baga?o de malte e baga?o de laranja e produzir filmes e coberturas a partir de amido e mesocarpo de baba?u. Para obten??o das bandejas foi empregado o processo de moldagem manual. Foram elaboradas formula??es de bandejas de amido de mandioca/baga?o de cana-de-a??car com concentra??es de 10 a 30% (p/p) dos demais subprodutos citados. As bandejas produzidas apresentaram espessuras entre 3,505 e 4,213 mm, densidade entre 0,12 e 0,21 g/cm3 e aspecto de cor tendendo ? cor amarela. As micrografias ?pticas indicaram que houve uma boa distribui??o das fibras dos subprodutos em toda a matriz, evidenciando a homogeneidade do material. Todas as bandejas, quando armazenadas sob m?dias e elevadas umidades relativas, apresentaram alta capacidade de sor??o de ?gua. A adi??o de subprodutos agr?colas influenciou a resist?ncia, tornando os materiais mais r?gidos em compara??o ao isopor. Os filmes biodegrad?veis foram produzidos pelo m?todo casting, sendo as solu??es filmog?nicas preparadas a partir de quatro formula??es: (a) solu??o aquosa de 2% (p/p) de amido de mandioca, (b) solu??o aquosa de 2% (p/p) de amido de mandioca + 10% de farinha de baba?u (g/100 g de amido), (c) solu??o aquosa de 2% (p/p) de amido de mandioca + 30% de farinha de baba?u (g/100 g de amido) e (d) solu??o aquosa de 2% (p/p) de amido de mandioca + 50% de farinha de baba?u (g/100 g de amido), todas testadas em ensaios preliminares. Os filmes foram secos em estufa a 60?C por aproximadamente 7 horas e para elabora??o da cobertura, as frutas foram imersas na solu??o filmog?nica e condicionadas ? temperatura ambiente. Todos os filmes produzidos apresentaram uma superf?cie homog?nea, sem bolhas ou rachaduras e boas caracter?sticas de manuseio. Conforme o aumento do teor de farinha de baba?u, os filmes mostraram-se mais opacos e menos sol?veis em ?gua, o que pode ser explicado pelo maior conte?do de macromol?culas de natureza hidrof?bica, como prote?nas e lip?dios, presente nas formula??es filmog?nicas. O uso de coberturas a base de farinha de baba?u aplicados em frutos do Cerrado, cagaitas e mangabas, mostrou-se efetivo, aumentando a vida ?til dos mesmos, retardando o amadurecimento e a perda de peso. Em geral, os subprodutos fibrosos da agroind?stria utilizados mostraram-se mat?rias-primas muito promissoras para a elabora??o de embalagens biodegrad?veis. Disserta??o (Mestrado) ? Programa de P?s-gradua??o em Ci?ncia e Tecnologia de Alimentos, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, 2018. The development of biodegradable packaging obtained from renewable sources is an alternative to the use of conventional plastics derived from petroleum and contributes to environmental preservation in a sustainable way. Cassava starch is a promising raw material for this purpose, because it has low cost, abundance, renewable origin and biodegradability. However, the production of packaging composed exclusively from starch results in materials of a brittle and hygroscopic nature, with properties inferior to conventional plastics, and the use of additives and plasticizers is necessary to improve their physicochemical properties. The use of flours from various sources and other reinforcing materials, such as lignocellulosic fibers, as reinforcement in polymer matrices is interesting as they decrease stiffness and improve the biodegradability of the material. The general objective of this work was to produce biodegradable tray-type packages from cassava starch, added sugarcane bagasse, corn husk, malt bagasse and orange bagasse and produce films and coatings from starch and babassu mesocarp. To obtain the trays the manual molding process was used. Formulations of cassava starch/sugarcane bagasse trays were prepared with concentrations of 10 to 30% (w/w) of the aforementioned by-products. The trays produced had thicknesses between 3.505 and 4.213 mm, density between 0.12 and 0.21 g/cm3 and color aspect tending to yellow. The optical micrographs indicated that there was a good distribution of the fibers of the by - products throughout the matrix, evidencing the homogeneity of the material. All trays, when stored under medium and high relative humidity, presented high sorption capacity of water. The addition of agricultural byproducts influenced the resistance, making the materials more rigid compared to EPS. The biodegradable films were produced by the casting method. The filmogenic solutions being prepared from four formulations: (a) 2% of starch solution, (b) 2% of starch solution and 10% of babassu flour (g/100 g of starch), (c) 2% of starch solution and 30% of babassu flour (g/100 g of starch), and (d) 2% of starch solution and 50% of babassu flour (g/100 g of starch)., all tested in preliminary tests. The films were dried in an oven at 60?C for approximately 7 hours and to elaborate coatings, the fruits were immersed in the filmogenic solution and conditioned at room temperature. All the films produced presented a homogeneous surface, without bubbles or cracks and good handling characteristics. According to the increase in the content of babassu flour, the films were more opaque and less soluble in water, which can be explained by the higher content of hydrophobic macromolecules such as proteins and lipids present in the film-forming formulations. The use of blankets based on babassu flour applied in Cerrado fruits, cagaitas and mangabas, proved to be effective, increasing their shelf life, delaying maturation and weight loss. In general, the fibrous by-products of the agro-industry used were very promising raw materials for the production of biodegradable packaging.
- Published
- 2018
31. Cultivo em estado sólido de aspergillus brasiliensis em bagaço de malte para a produção de lipases
- Author
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Eichler, Paulo, Ayub, Marco Antônio Záchia, and Santos, Fernando Almeida
- Subjects
Solid State Cultivation ,Malt Bagasse ,Bagaço de malte ,Lipase ,Biorreatores ,Solid Enzymatic - Abstract
Tendo em vista a atual crise energética e anseios por novas tecnologias de produção de biocombustíveis de forma sustentável, estudos de eficiência de produção de biocatalisadores têm se mostrado mais frequentes. Biocatalisadores como lipases, usadas na produção de biodiesel, têm alta eficiência de conversão, pouca formação de subprodutos, operação em condições mais amenas e podem ser produzidos de forma sustentável. A produção de lipases no cultivo em estado sólido é bem estudada por apresentar vantagens econômicas em aplicações industriais, como tratamento de efluentes e produção de biodiesel. O bagaço de malte é o principal subproduto da indústria de cervejaria, que representa cerca de 85 % do total de resíduos neste setor industrial, tendo excelentes perspectivas para os processos de biorrefinaria por seu baixo custo e presença de açúcares fermentescíveis. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar condições ideais de produção de lipase por Aspergillus brasiliensis cultivado em estado sólido sobre bagaço de malte usando planejamento experimental e, após, realizar cultivos em biorreator cilíndrico com passagem forçada de ar e biorreator de tambor agitado em escala piloto com condições otimizadas para avaliar melhores cenários de produção de lipase para aplicações industriais. A produção de lipase por cultivo em estado sólido foi otimizada usando análise do Delineamento Composto Central, metodologia de superfície de resposta e validada, com parâmetros ótimos obtidos de pH de 7,71, 11,34 % de óleo de soja a 32,74 ºC, apresentando atividade máxima, em 96 h, para esse cultivo de 8,17 U.g-1 As condições ótimas obtidas na análise estatística foram utilizadas para produzir lipase em diferentes tipos de biorreatores de estado sólido, obtendo resultados de produção maiores em biorreator com leito fixo e aeração forçada, com 9,83 U.g-1 de atividade de lipase. Além disso, foi utilizado o bagaço de malte fermentado liofilizado, chamado de Preparado Enzimático Sólido (PES), para avaliar a atividade da lipase e a conversão da reação de transesterificação. Resultados obtidos de atividade de lipase no fermentado sólidofoi de 7,35 U.g-1 de substrato, e obteve-se 2,15 % de conversão da transesterificação em 18 h de reação. Apesar de ser relativamente baixo o valor de conversão de ésteres etílicos, como a reação não foi otimizada, mais experimentos seriam necessários para avaliar a possibilidade de uso deste bagaço fermentado para produção de biodiesel. Apesar disso, valores de atividade de lipase no preparado enzimático foram relativamente parecidos com os valores encontrados nos extratos dos cultivos em bancada, mostrando ser possível o uso para finalidades como tratamento de efluentes oleosos ou biorremediação. In view of current energy crisis, desire for new sustainable technologies for production of biofuels, biocatalysts efficiency studies appears more frequent. Biocatalysts such as lipases, used in production of biodiesel, have high conversion efficiency, less by-product formation, operation under milder conditions and can be produced in a sustainable way. The production of lipases in solid state cultivation is well studied because it presents economic advantages in industrial applications such as effluent treatment and biodiesel production. Malt bagasse is the main by-product of brewery industry, which accounts for about 85 % of total waste in this industrial sector, and has excellent prospects for biorefinery processes due to its low cost and presence of fermentable sugars. The objective of this work was to evaluate optimal conditions of lipase production by Aspergillus brasiliensis, grown in solid state cultivation of malt bagasse, using experimental design and, afterwards, perform cultivation in cylindrical bioreactor with forced aeration and pilot scale agitated drum bioreactor under optimal conditions to evaluate better scenarios of lipase production for industrial applications. The production of lipase in the solid state culture was optimized using Central Composite Design analysis and validated, with optimum parameters obtained as pH 7.71, 11.34 % of soybean oil at temperature of 32.74 ºC, presenting maximum lipase activity at 96 h, with 8,17 U.g-1 In addition, the optimal conditions obtained in the statistical analysis were used to produce lipase in different types of solid state bioreactors, obtaining higher production results in bioreactor with fixed bed and forced aeration, with 9.83 U.g-1 of lipase activity. Finaly, a Solid Enzymatic Preparation (SEP) was used to evaluate lipase activity and conversion of transesterification reaction. Results obtained for lipase activity of the fermented solid was 7.35 U.g-1, and 2.15% transesterification conversion was achieved in 18 h of reaction. Although conversion value of ethyl esters was relatively low, but as the reaction was not optimized, more experiments would be necessary to evaluate the possibility of using this fermented solid for biodiesel production. Nevertheless, values of lipase activity in the enximatic preparation were relatively similar with results found in the extracts of the bench scale cultures, showing that it is possible to use them for purposes such as treatment of oily effluents or bioremediation.
- Published
- 2018
32. Treatment of effluents containing 2-chlorophenol by adsorption onto chemically and physically activated biochars.
- Author
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Machado, Lauren M.M., Lütke, Sabrina F., Perondi, Daniele, Godinho, Marcelo, Oliveira, Marcos L.S., Collazzo, Gabriela C., and Dotto, Guilherme L.
- Subjects
WATER purification ,CARBON dioxide ,BIOCHAR ,INDUSTRIAL wastes ,ADSORPTION (Chemistry) ,ADSORPTION capacity - Abstract
• Biochars were produced from malt bagasse by activation with CO 2 and ZnCl 2. • The materials were used to treat effluents containing 2-chlorophenol. • Biochars presented surface areas of 161 m² g
−1 (CO 2) and 545 m² g−1 (ZnCl 2). • ZnCl 2 -biochar exhibited an efficiency of 98 % in the treatment of effluents. The application of adsorption using biochars for the remediation of effluents containing emerging contaminants, including chlorophenols, is a hotspot and trend development in the literature. This treatment is more interesting when using readily available wastes and at no cost, such as malt bagasse, for example. Here, the biochars were produced from malt bagasse, by physical and chemical activation (with CO 2 and ZnCl 2 , respectively) and employed as adsorbents in the remediation of effluents containing 2-chlorophenol. Results revealed that the activated biochars have mesoporous structures and surface areas of 161 m² g−1 (CO 2) and 545 m² g−1 (ZnCl 2). For both activated biochars, adsorption of 2-chlorophenol was favored under acid conditions, with the highest adsorption capacities found using ZnCl 2 -activated biochar. The maximum adsorption capacity using ZnCl 2 -activated biochar was 150 mg g−1 . The process was endothermic and spontaneous. ZnCl 2 -activated biochar exhibited an efficiency of 98 % (using a dosage of 10 g L−1 ) in the treatment of industrial effluents containing 2-chlorophenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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33. Biodegradable trays based on cassava starch blended with agroindustrial residues.
- Author
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Ferreira, Danielle C.M., Molina, Gustavo, and Pelissari, Franciele M.
- Subjects
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CASSAVA starch , *TRAYS , *BIODEGRADABLE nanoparticles , *HUMIDITY , *BAGASSE , *STRENGTH of materials - Abstract
New biodegradable trays based on cassava starch blended with sugarcane bagasse (SB), as the main component, and cornhusk (CH), malt bagasse (MB), or orange bagasse (OB) have been investigated. Gelatinized cassava starch solution was used as binder. The resulting trays displayed thickness between 3.505 ± 0.18 and 3.964 ± 0.52 mm and density between 0.199 ± 0.01 and 0.213 ± 0.02 g/cm3. All the biodegradable trays presented high water sorption capacity during storage under high or medium relative humidity. Mechanical analyses revealed that addition of different amounts of agroindustrial residues (CH, MB, or OB) to the materials affected resistance, making the biodegradable trays more rigid than EPS trays. Biodegradability tests demonstrated that all the trays fabricated from agroindustrial residues were more susceptible to degradation. Trays containing over 20% OB were completely degraded within 60 days. In conclusion, fibrous agroindustrial residues can be potentially employed to produce biodegradable trays, especially the combination of sugarcane bagasse and cornhusk. Image 1 • Trays containing sugarcane and malt or orange bagasse or cornhusk were prepared. • All the biodegradable trays were more rigid than traditional EPS trays. • Addition of 20 and 30% MB or OB produced less mechanically resistant trays. • Trays stored under medium and high relative humidity had high water sorption. • After analysis for 60 days, trays with 20 or 30% OB were completely degraded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Enzymatic hydrolysis of malt bagasse using alternative technologies aiming the obtainment of fermentable sugars
- Author
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Luft, Luciana, Mazutti, Marcio Antonio, Silva, Juliana Rosemara Felisberto da, Jahn, Sérgio Luiz, and Priamo, Wagner Luiz
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Mechanical agitation ,Ultrassom ,Supercritical carbon dioxide ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,Açúcares fermentescíveis ,Ultrasound ,Hidrólise enzimática ,Dióxido de carbono supercrítico ,Bagaço de malte ,ENGENHARIAS [CNPQ] ,Fermentable sugars ,Agitação mecânica ,Malt bagasse - Abstract
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior This work aimed to study the enzymatic hydrolysis of malt bagasse, using mechanical agitation, ultrasonic probe and supercritical CO2. Enzymatic hydrolysis was performed on granular starch. For this, was used a commercial amylolytic complex suitable for this type of hydrolysis, STARGENTM 002. For each technology were studied different variables. The first planning was carried out for the hydrolysis assisted by mechanical agitation and the variables studied were temperature (°C), enzyme concentration (%, m/m) and substrate concentration in the medium (m/m). TRS concentrations were found up to 75.5 g per kg of substrate and all variables had a significant effect on the response. This concentration of TRS was defined as mass yield of the process and this yield was corroborated by a kinetic, developed under the same conditions, with slight increase in temperature (70°C). From this initial planning, the temperature variables (70°C), enzyme concentration (8.2%) and substrate concentration (170 g.L-1) were fixed to carry out the hydrolysis assisted by direct and indirect ultrasound. The variables were investigated in the second planning were amplitude (%) and pulse factor (-) for 2 hours of reaction. With the application of direct sonication, it was possible to achieve 100% efficiency in the starch conversion process. The TRS for the best essay (5) was 370.86 g.kg-1. For indirect sonication TRS concentration at the best condition (run 6) was 162.96 g / kg of substrate. A kinetic assay for the best condition under direct sonication was carried out for 3 hours, confirming that the ultrasound increases the reaction rate resulting in better yields in less time compared to the other techniques. For reactions with supercritical CO2 was studied the influence of the moisture content, temperature and pressure, where the best result among all the reactions was using at pressure 175 bar, 40 °C for temperature and moisture content of 80%, resulting in 104.28 g of TRS per kg of dry pulp. Ultrasound showed better results than other technologies investigated in this study. Este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a hidrólise enzimática do bagaço de malte, utilizando agitação mecânica, sonda de ultrassom e CO2 supercrítico. A hidrólise enzimática foi realizada sobre o amido granular. Para tanto, foi utilizado um complexo amilolítico comercial próprio para este tipo de hidrólise, STARGENTM 002. Para cada tecnologia foram estudadas diferentes variáveis. O primeiro planejamento foi realizado para a hidrólise assistida por agitação mecânica e as variáveis estudadas foram temperatura (ºC), concentração de enzima (%, m/m) e concentração de substrato no meio (m/m). Foram encontradas concentrações de ART de até 75,5 g por kg de substrato e todas as variáveis apresentaram efeito significativo sobre a resposta. Essa concentração de ART, foi definida como rendimento mássico do processo e este valor foi corroborado com uma cinética, desenvolvida nas mesmas condições do melhor ensaio, com leve aumento apenas na temperatura (70ºC), e indicou valor concernente ao anterior além de provar que o tempo de 4 horas de hidrólise foi suficiente. A partir deste primeiro planejamento, as variáveis temperatura (70°C), concentração de enzima (8,2%) e concentração de substrato (170 g.L-1) foram fixadas para a realização da hidrólise assistida por ultrassom, de forma direta e indireta. As variáveis investigadas neste segundo planejamento foram amplitude (%) e fator de pulso (-) durante 2 horas de reação. Com aplicação de sonicação direta, foi possível alcançar 100% de eficiência no processo de conversão do amido. A resposta encontrada para o melhor ensaio (5) foi de 370,86 g.kg-1. Já com aplicação de sonicação indireta, a eficiência do processo caiu pela metade e o melhor resultado foi para o ensaio de número 6, com concentração de 162,96 g ART/ kg de substrato. Uma cinética para o melhor ensaio de sonicação direta foi desenvolvida durante 3 horas, atestando que o ultrassom aumenta a velocidade da reação resultando no melhor rendimento em menor tempo comparado às outras técnicas. Para as reações com CO2 supercrítico, foi estudada a influência da umidade, da temperatura e pressão, onde o melhor resultado obtido, entre todas as reações, foi com a utilização de pressão de 175 bar, temperatura de 40ºC e 80% de água adicionada ao bagaço, resultando em 104,28 g de ART por kg de bagaço seco. Esse valor corresponde a 11,53% de eficiência da reação de hidrólise do amido em açúcares redutores totais. De um modo geral, os processos obtiveram um bom desempenho na obtenção de açúcares fermentescíveis, destacando-se o ultrassom em relação as demais tecnologias testadas.
- Published
- 2016
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