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Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acest articol analizează vinovăţia, motivul și scopul infracţiunilor de manipulare a unui eveniment și de pariuri aranjate. În acest sens, s-a apelat la prevederile normative, la practica judiciară, precum și la doctrina juridică relevantă. S-a constatat că fără vinovăţie nu există infracţiune, iar fără infracţiune nu poate fi aplicată răspunderea penală. De asemenea, s-a reţinut motivul răspunderii la întrebarea de ce persoana comite o infracţiune. În contrast, s-a stabilit că scopul răspunde la întrebarea ce urmărește persoana prin comiterea unei infracţiuni. În cele din urmă, s-au formulat o serie de recomandări, apte să îmbunătăţească cadrul normativ în materie.

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gândirea Militară Românească is the property of Romanian Armed Forces Defence Staff and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents a review of the definitions for the concept of disinformation/ misinformation which are used in the perspective of digital communication. At a time when words like disinformation, manipulation, propaganda, influence, persuasion, fake news are used more and more often, it is necessary to clarify their conceptual framework. The paper reviews the classic literature on the concept of disinformation/misinformation, but also the definitions that state structures and organizations (such as the European Commission) and social platforms (such as Facebook) give to this concept. It presents the relationships that various theorists identified between disinformation/misinformation, on the one hand, and influence, persuasion, lies, intoxication and manipulation, on the other hand. The paper also reviews the origins of the term and the etymological problems it imposes in languages such as French and Romanian. The article concludes that among researchers in the field of online disinformation there is need for a clear delimitation of the concept of disinformation (intentionally made) from the concept of misinformation (unintentionally made) in order to have an appropriate conceptual framework of phenomena that occur especially in the digital media and online social networks. This imperative lies more in the languages that do not use different terms to define the two concepts. Therefore, the use of traditional concepts should be carefully considered in reference with the digital media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The manipulation of cytostatic drugs used in the treatment of cancer is a matter of knowing and following strict rules of transport, dilution and administration. Also, accidents that may occur through leakage of cytostatic solutions (contamination) must be prevented and decontamination maneuvers must be known. Disposal of waste resulting from the administration of chemotherapy, as well as biological products from the patients treated with cytostatics should also be known by those who manipulate the cytostatics. Another point of interest in the manipulation of the cytostatics is the use of the hood, the working mode with the hood and the rules imposed in the room where the hood is located. In this article, in addition to the above, I present some aspects related to the decontamination of medical personnel in case of accidental contamination and the procedure in case of extravasation of the cytostatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of the 'Carol I' National Defence University / Buletinul Universitatii Nationale de Aparare 'Carol I' is the property of Carol I National Defence University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Musei Brukenthal is the property of Brukenthal National Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Musei Brukenthal is the property of Brukenthal National Museum and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Romanian Journal of Information Technology & Automatic Control / Revista Română de Informatică și Automatică is the property of National Institute for Research & Development in Informatics - ICI Bucharest and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Social Psychology / Psihologie Socială is the property of Alexandru Ioan Cuza University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Educación is the property of Espacio, Tiempo y Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article aims at describing the theoretical concept of manipulation in relation to political speeches. Language plays a central role in the handling and power of the word that can change people's behaviour. Studies show that people, once they have taken a decision, they tend to maintain perseverance in decisions making reflection. Manipulation is a phenomenon that can be treated in several ways, but for the design of this study, we chose to include how the power of the word can affect the public mind. The most exciting and interesting interpretation of the concept takes place in an election campaign. Political discourse is an effective tool for analysis in which are used and adapted contextual manipulation techniques. The speech is a distinct type of speech because it respects both linguistic rules and policy rules. Its main goal is to direct the thinking, attitude and behaviour of voters creating differences of opinions and decisions. To highlight this phenomenon we performed an analysis of discourse candidate for the presidency of the Cluj County Council in the 2012 local election campaign. The overall message of his campaign was negative, but his speeches have highlighted several positive aspects. This paper is part of a broader study concerning manipulation of local election campaigning in Cluj-Napoca 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Strategic Universe Journal / Univers Strategic is the property of Dimitrie Cantemir Christian University, Institute for Security Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of REVART: Specialized Review of Theory & Critique of Arts is the property of EDITURA Eurostampa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai, Philologia is the property of Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Giovanni Sartori's book Homo videns brings in a debate a subject of great interest concerning the modernization of the communication and information process and human formation through mass-media. The main idea of the book, at which we adhere with conviction, is the fact that television, used without judgment in the process of communication, can misinform and manipulate the public opinion. For this reason it is imposed a different perception of the actual ways of modernization in communications and learning through television, so that homo sapiens transformation to homo videns would not mean a human decline, or homo sapiens transformation to homo insapiens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Part one: The "manipulation" concept can only be analysed in the integrity of its components. Intention holds here a central place. We may speak about a manipulation process when this influencing act comprises more conditions: it obtains modified behaviour in favour of the initiator of the act; it does not use physical force to this aim, the one subjected to the process does not realize that his/her being influenced is attempted, yet it develops with his/her consent, leaving the subject the impression that he/she has chosen by himself/herself and finally and most important -- it contains the intention to influence. Misinterpretation or involuntarily leading into error does not mean manipulation. Part two: types of manipulation through the press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]