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OBJECTIVE: The study objective was to evaluate intraoperative experience with newly developed high-spatial-resolution microelectrode grids composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) with polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS), and those composed of platinum nanorods (PtNRs). METHODS: A cohort of patients who underwent craniotomy for pathological tissue resection and who had high-spatial-resolution microelectrode grids placed intraoperatively were evaluated. Patient demographic and baseline clinical variables as well as relevant microelectrode grid characteristic data were collected. The primary and secondary outcome measures of interest were successful microelectrode grid utilization with usable resting-state or task-related data, and grid-related adverse intraoperative events and/or grid dysfunction. RESULTS: Included in the analysis were 89 cases of patients who underwent a craniotomy for resection of neoplasms (n = 58) or epileptogenic tissue (n = 31). These cases accounted for 94 grids: 58 PEDOT:PSS and 36 PtNR grids. Of these 94 grids, 86 were functional and used successfully to obtain cortical recordings from 82 patients. The mean cortical grid recording duration was 15.3 ± 1.15 minutes. Most recordings in patients were obtained during experimental tasks (n = 52, 58.4%), involving language and sensorimotor testing paradigms, or were obtained passively during resting state (n = 32, 36.0%). There were no intraoperative adverse events related to grid placement. However, there were instances of PtNR grid dysfunction (n = 8) related to damage incurred by suboptimal preoperative sterilization (n = 7) and improper handling (n = 1); intraoperative recordings were not performed. Vaporized peroxide sterilization was the most optimal sterilization method for PtNR grids, providing a significantly greater number of usable channels poststerilization than did steam-based sterilization techniques (median 905.0 [IQR 650.8-935.5] vs 356.0 [IQR 18.0-597.8], p = 0.0031). CONCLUSIONS: High-spatial-resolution microelectrode grids can be readily incorporated into appropriately selected craniotomy cases for clinical and research purposes. Grids are reliable when preoperative handling and sterilization considerations are accounted for. Future investigations should compare the diagnostic utility of these high-resolution grids to commercially available counterparts and assess whether diagnostic discrepancies relate to clinical outcomes.

Abstract: This paper unfolds in three parts. In Part 1, I describe how I have contended with the fraught relationships among mapping, nationalism, and colonialism in my teaching and research. When writing my first book, Contesting Race and Citizenship, I had to reckon with the positivist impulse to enumerate and map Black Italianness—and, more broadly, with the politics of visibility at a time of increasingly virulent racial nationalisms, xenophobia, and outright anti‐Black violence. In Part 2, I describe the ways my own thinking about mapping has been pushed in new directions by insights from Black geographies. Drawing on Clyde Woods, Katherine McKittrick, and Édouard Glissant—as well as essays from the edited volume The Black Geographic—I argue that Black geographic counter‐cartographies foreground insurgent Black spatial knowledges and practices that have always exceeded racial‐spatial violence, and approach mapping as both a material and poetic process. In Part 3, I conclude by advancing some tentative ideas about what it might mean to map new or alternative geographies of abolitionist struggle that attend to the interconnections between Black Atlantic and Black Mediterranean histories of racial capitalism.

A coordinated multi-year ocean exploration campaign on the Blake Plateau offshore of the southeastern U.S. has mapped what appears to be the most expansive cold-water coral (CWC) mound province thus far discovered. Nearly continuous CWC mound features span an area up to 500 km long and 110 km wide, with a core area of high-density mounds up to 254 km long by 42 km wide. This study synthesized bathymetric data from 31 multibeam sonar mapping surveys and generated a standardized geomorphic classification of the region in order to delineate and quantify CWC mound habitats and compare mound morphologies among subregions of the coral province. Based on the multibeam bathymetry, a total of 83,908 individual peak features were delineated, providing the first estimate of the overall number of potential CWC mounds mapped in the region to date. Five geomorphic landform classes were mapped and quantified: peaks (411 km2), valleys (3598 km2), ridges (3642 km2), slopes (23,082 km2), and flats (102,848 km2). The complex geomorphology of eight subregions was described qualitatively with geomorphic “fingerprints” (spatial patterns) and quantitatively by measurements of mound density and vertical relief. This study demonstrated the value of applying an objective automated terrain segmentation and classification approach to geomorphic characterization of a highly complex CWC mound province. Manual delineation of these features in a consistent repeatable way with a comparable level of detail would not have been possible.

This article focuses on the role of contemporary Polish literature in bringing back that which has been repressed under communism: the Germanness of the so-called “regained territories”, i.e. territories that became Polish due to the changes of national borders after the Second World War, as well as the marginalized queer life. I discuss two novels that feature the city of Wrocław, formerly German Breslau: Marek Krajewski’s Death in Breslau (1999) and Michał Witkowski’s Lovetown (2004). My analysis draws parallels between bringing back the German past of the city and remembering queer life during communism in fiction. Marek Krajewski situates the plot of his highly popular crime novel in Breslau in the 1930s. By doing so, he fictionally recreates the former German city which allows the reader to rediscover its past and foreign layer. Michał Witkowski’s prose performs a similar task by describing parts of the city that were central to queer culture but hidden from the experience of the “general public” under communism. I argue that remembering takes effect through remapping and that this literary remapping destabilizes the narrative about Polish culture as a homogeneous block of monolingualism, Catholicism, and heteronormativity. Furthermore, the fictional topographies of the German Breslau and the queer Wrocław alter the existing geospace by overlaying a suppressed otherness onto it.

Postoperative atrioventricular block requiring pacemaker (AVB/PM) complicates 14% to 25% of biventricular repair operations for complex congenital heart disease (CHD) and in those with heterotaxy syndrome. This study aimed to evaluate if intraoperative His bundle (HB) mapping during complex biventricular CHD repair can be performed safely and reduce postoperative AVB/PM. HB mapping was performed using a commercially available multielectrode grid catheter in patients with complex CHD undergoing biventricular repair between 2019 and 2022 compared with an unmapped cohort. The primary outcome was postoperative AVB/PM. One hundred forty-nine patients underwent HB mapping compared to 201 unmapped controls. The median age of mapped patients was 1.9 years (Q1-Q3: 0.9-3.9 years). Heterotaxy syndrome was present in 31% (n = 46 of 149), ventricular septal defect in 95% (n = 142 of 149), and prior single ventricle palliation in 68% (n = 89 of 149). The HB was identified in 97% (n = 144 of 149) of cases. The median mapping time was 6 minutes. No episodes of intraoperative systemic air embolism occurred. Postoperative AVB/PM frequency was significantly reduced in mapped patients with heterotaxy (2% [n = 1 of 46] vs 16% [n = 11 of 67]; P = 0.026) and in patients without L-malposed great arteries (3% [n = 3 of 88] vs 11% [n = 15 of 134]; P = 0.045). Intraoperative HB mapping can be performed safely and is associated with significantly reduced postoperative AVB/PM in select populations undergoing complex biventricular repair, including heterotaxy syndrome and non–L-malposed great arteries. Nonetheless, certain subgroups remain at risk for AVB/PM, showing the need for further improvements to current intraoperative HB mapping technology and techniques. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Ultrasound (US) imaging is useful for identifying functional lymphatic vessels and suitable veins for lymphovenous anastomosis (LVA). However, its accuracy depends on the experience of the examiner. The aim of this study was to assess the learning curve for preoperative planning of LVA using ultrahigh frequency US (UHFUS). Methods: Plastic surgeons from our department were asked to perform for the first time an US examination for preoperative planning of LVA (month 0). Data of the following US examinations were also periodically collected for two years (months 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24) and statistically analyzed. The results were also compared with the examinations of 3 experts in UHFUS. Results: At least one vein was accurately identified in all US examinations and with the highest level of confidence since the beginning (p 0.001). The lymphatic vessels correctly identified per incision progressively increased during the follow up: 33.3%, 41.7%, 83.3%, 100%, 100%, respectively (p 0.004). Conclusion: From month 3 onwards, the efficiency of the US examination increased, and after 6 months, the time decreased. Suitable veins for LVA can be located since the first US examinations, so even for a beginner, it is useful to incorporate US into preoperative planning. The assessment of the lymphatic vessels required more time: after 3 to 6 months, they can be accurately identified, and after 1 year, they were found in more complex cases, with complete confidence and the examinations began to be comparable with the experts. Level of evidence: Level III, Diagnostic Study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land use/land cover (LULC) change information is crucial for monitoring purposes, formulating strategies, socioeconomic progress, and decision-making. The main objective of this study was to analyze and quantify the changes in land use as well as land cover patterns within the Maamora forest in Morocco, and to identify the key factors that influenced its trend from 1989 to 2022. In this study, multispectral remote sensing (RS) data were employed to detect land cover changes in the Maamora forest using Landsat images for the years 1989, 1999, 2009, 2019 and 2022. The maximum likelihood classification (MLC) method was applied to classify the Landsat images using ArcMap 10.4 software to analyze the current state of the study area. Seven LULC classes (cork oak, eucalyptus, pine, acacia, bare land, daya, and others) were successfully classified, achieving overall accuracies surpassing 86% and Kappa coefficients greater than 0.85 for all selected dates. The results of the land use/land cover change detection indicate a decrease in the cork oak area from 60.71% to 44.42%, along with an increase in the eucalyptus area from 18.11% to 39.31%. Moreover, the pine, acacia, bare land, daya, and other classes went from 17.22, 2.80, 0.95, 0.05, and 0.12% to 4.58, 0.02, 10.84, 0.34, and 0.48% respectively. Indeed, from 1989 to 2022, around 50.84% of the study area’s surface remained unchanged, whereas 49.16% underwent changes, transitioning to other land cover classes or endured degradation. This research underscored the anthropogenic transformation of the Maamora woodland, which has led to the degradation of its natural resources. Broadly, these findings can serve as foundational data for future research endeavors and offer valuable insights to concentrate on the key factors driving forest degradation in order to inform the development of interventions aimed at preserving the sustainability of natural species and the overall ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractConducting a detailed assessment of solar irradiation at the pedestrian scale on all ground surfaces of a city can assist in identifying cooler routes for pedestrian navigation or preparing the city for potential overheating issues by pinpointing overexposed areas. This article proposes an effective method for conducting such an assessment within a GIS with metric resolution across territories exceeding 100 km². It is based on standard datasets and implements an efficient strategy that relies on separation of variables, domain decomposition, and dimensionality reduction. This strategy involves creating a synthetic representation of the facades of the surrounding buildings (spatial dimension) which accelerates the calculation of shadows based on the sun’s position (temporal dimension). To demonstrate the effectiveness of this method, we applied it to a French city, generating fourteen maps illustrating the solar irradiation of the area for different months of the year or for two given dates with specific weather conditions. The proposed strategy, along with the synthetic representation of building facades, opens up a wide range of possibilities. In addition to synthesizing machine learning labeled datasets, we can also consider calculating solar irradiation with time steps of a few minutes to update weather conditions throughout a journey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structural disconnectome analyses have provided valuable insights into how a stroke lesion results in widespread network disturbances and how these relate to deficits, recovery patterns, and outcomes. Previous analyses have primarily focused on patients with relatively mild to moderate deficits. However, outcomes vary among survivors of severe strokes, and the mechanisms of recovery remain poorly understood. This study assesses the association between lesion‐induced network disconnection and outcome after severe stroke. Thirty‐eight ischaemic stroke patients underwent MRI brain imaging early after stroke and longitudinal clinical follow‐up. Lesion information was integrated with normative connectome data to infer individual disconnectome profiles on a localized regional and region‐to‐region pathway level. Ordinal logistic regressions were computed to link disconnectome information to the modified Rankin Scale after 3–6 months. Disconnections of ipsilesional frontal, parietal, and temporal cortical brain areas were significantly associated with a worse motor outcome after a severe stroke, adjusted for the initial deficit, lesion volume, and age. The analysis of the underlying pathways mediating this association revealed location‐specific results: For frontal, prefrontal, and temporal brain areas, the association was primarily driven by relatively sparse intrahemispheric disconnections. In contrast, the ipsilesional primary motor cortex, the dorsal premotor cortex, and various parietal brain regions showed a remarkable involvement of either frontoparietal intrahemispheric or additionally interhemispheric disconnections. These results indicate that localized disconnection of multiple regions embedded in the structural frontoparietal network correlates with worse outcomes after severe stroke. Specifically, primary motor and parietal cortices might gain particular importance as they structurally link frontoparietal networks of both hemispheres. These data shed novel light on the significance of distinct brain networks for recovery after a severe stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both post-qualitative inquiry and Mad methodologies sit on the fringes of qualitative health research, although their potential for creating new knowledges and practices is increasingly recognised. In this article, we explore the possibilities created by bringing these approaches together within research led by, or centring, mental health service users and survivors. We outline and reflect on a workshop undertaken with peer support workers to map affective intensities within mental health assemblages. We suggest the tensions between post-qualitative and Mad research approaches hold potential for mental health research, and qualitative health research more broadly, bringing together theory and the experiences of service users/survivors to think–feel–become otherwise in relation to health care, peer support, and activism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative AI including large language models (LLMs) has recently gained significant interest in the geoscience community through its versatile task‐solving capabilities including programming, arithmetic reasoning, generation of sample data, time‐series forecasting, toponym recognition, or image classification. Existing performance assessments of LLMs for spatial tasks have primarily focused on ChatGPT, whereas other chatbots received less attention. To narrow this research gap, this study conducts a zero‐shot correctness evaluation for a set of 76 spatial tasks across seven task categories assigned to four prominent chatbots, that is, ChatGPT‐4, Gemini, Claude‐3, and Copilot. The chatbots generally performed well on tasks related to spatial literacy, GIS theory, and interpretation of programming code and functions, but revealed weaknesses in mapping, code writing, and spatial reasoning. Furthermore, there was a significant difference in the correctness of results between the four chatbots. Responses from repeated tasks assigned to each chatbot showed a high level of consistency in responses with matching rates of over 80% for most task categories in the four chatbots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) is used to diagnose and monitor the course of acute myocarditis in adults and children. This study aimed to assess the frequency of persistent inflammation at follow-up CMR and to look for predictors of ongoing active changes in CMR in children with myocarditis. Methods: This retrospective study included 31 children (median age 15 years, 68% male) with clinically and CMR-diagnosed acute myocarditis who underwent baseline and follow-up CMR at a median of 6 months. Old and new Lake Louise criteria were compared. Results: A complete resolution of changes was observed in four patients (13%) at follow-up, according to both criteria. Seven patients (23%) presented ongoing active changes, and twenty (64%) showed a persistent scar according to the old Lake Louise criteria. When the new Lake Louise criteria were used, an additional two patients (6%) were found to have persistent active changes instead of a persistent scar. Patients with persistent inflammation (nine patients, 29%) were older than those who showed recovery. None of the patients below 14 years of age presented active changes on their follow-up CMR and all the patients who showed inflammation were between 14 and 17 years old. Conclusions: Pediatric myocarditis can lead to persistent active changes in CMR beyond a 6-month follow-up in over a fifth of patients. The application of new Lake Louise criteria further increases that number compared to the old criteria. The only predictor of persistent inflammatory changes in CMR is older age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantitative evidence synthesis methods aim to combine data from multiple medical trials to infer relative effects of different interventions. A challenge arises when trials report continuous outcomes on different measurement scales. To include all evidence in one coherent analysis, we require methods to "map" the outcomes onto a single scale. This is particularly challenging when trials report aggregate rather than individual data. We are motivated by a meta‐analysis of interventions to prevent obesity in children. Trials report aggregate measurements of body mass index (BMI) either expressed as raw values or standardized for age and sex. We develop three methods for mapping between aggregate BMI data using known or estimated relationships between measurements on different scales at the individual level. The first is an analytical method based on the mathematical definitions of z‐scores and percentiles. The other two approaches involve sampling individual participant data on which to perform the conversions. One method is a straightforward sampling routine, while the other involves optimization with respect to the reported outcomes. In contrast to the analytical approach, these methods also have wider applicability for mapping between any pair of measurement scales with known or estimable individual‐level relationships. We verify and contrast our methods using simulation studies and trials from our data set which report outcomes on multiple scales. We find that all methods recreate mean values with reasonable accuracy, but for standard deviations, optimization outperforms the other methods. However, the optimization method is more likely to underestimate standard deviations and is vulnerable to non‐convergence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper begins with a discussion of a program of work to map and embed Indigenous perspectives at RMIT University, outlines issues relating to the uptake of its guiding principles and actions, and then proposes a rethinking of the work. The authors argue that non-Indigenous educators are often ill equipped to undertake curriculum deconstruction or review. They lack a comprehensive understanding of colonial history, truth telling, racism, and the impact of power dynamics, with its institutional privileging of whiteness. It is often only with this foundational knowledge that staff are positioned to undertake curriculum analysis and ensure that their teaching environments are culturally safe. While this paper is case specific, the original project and the reconsideration of behaviours and actions are relevant to all educational institutions facing similar stumbling blocks when it comes to informing educators in the knowledge and capabilities required to include Indigenous perspectives in curricula and to create safe teaching environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of e & i Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to assess the proximity of urban services through the lens of the 15 min city concept, using the Municipality of Rome as a case study. The question of whether Rome qualifies as a 15 min city is explored by examining proximity in terms of the "intensity" of urban services accessible within a 15 min walking or cycling distance. A simple model, based on GIS techniques, is implemented to measure proximity to urban services at the neighbourhood level. Furthermore, the proximity levels in urban areas characterised by similar socioeconomic conditions, referred to as the "seven cities" of Rome, are analysed to identify potential inequalities. Our analysis shows that the dense and walkable Rome known by tourists is not the place most Romans live in. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops MacEachren's summary of contemporary approaches to cartography as communication as a one-way flow of map information. The Hong Kong experience shows that large-scale government survey maps can be used by non-specialists to (re)discover and identify, for conservation planning purposes, very small Second World War defence structures not annotated on those maps. By accumulating information and field studies, non-specialists can produce specialist maps as a contribution to conservation planning. The issues of a market for military heritage buildings and the actual role the government cartographer played in conservation mapping are discussed. This article was published open access under a CC BY-NC-ND licence: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the theory of cognitive linguistics, this article investigates computer-related conceptual metaphors in discourses in online Vietnamese newspapers to clarify how Vietnamese people conceptualize the target domain of "brain" via the source domain of "computer". This study aimed to answer two questions: "In online Vietnamese articles, which thinking mechanism is used to conceptualize the human brain as a computer?" and "What similarities from the target domain are activated and mapped onto the source domain?" With the correlations in experience and knowledge projected from the source domain to the target domain, the logical relationship in organizing the mapping scheme of conceptual metaphors, the article points out a type of thinking in the conceptual structure dominated by the 4.0 industrial civilization which is both universal and typical of Vietnamese people's mind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Methods in Ecology & Evolution is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Sunyatseni / Zhongshan Daxue Xuebao is the property of Sun-Yat-Sen University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Yam is an important crop for food security in East and West Africa due to its high market value and customer demand. High tuber quality with yield and disease resistance are the main traits for acceptability of yam cultivars across the tropical zone. There has been limited progress in enhancing the production and quality traits of yams, despite the significant socio-economic significance of this crop. Method: To expedite the development of high-quality yam cultivars in Uganda, traits association study was conducted to identify genomic regions associated with key traits such as disease resistance, high yields, and dry matter content. The association mapping was conducted with multi-random mixed linear model (mrMLM) to compute the associations using five genetic models. Results: A total of 16 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers were identified to be associated with the traits studied. Gene identification analysis revealed the presence of key putative genes such as Vicilin-like seed storage protein At2g28490 (ARATH)and Growth-regulating factor 1 involved in a variety of functions ranging from storage and gene regulation for disease resistance. Discussion: The results obtained from this work have significant implications for the in-depth analysis of the genetic structure underlying key traits in yam. Additionally, this study emphasizes the identification of SNP variants and genes that may be utilized for genomic-informed selection in order to enhance yield and disease resistance in yams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we detail the process of organising and facilitating a visualisation challenge as part of a larger project centring visual methods. We explore how the visualisation challenge specifically operated to highlight feminist epistemological and methodological principals, and practically, what worked and what didn't. We conclude that visualisation challenges offer exciting potential to jumpstart creative and innovative project development, but if a challenge is to be successful, context matters, and so too do practical and logical considerations. We believe that feminist visualisation challenges offer exciting models to share findings and data, learn from emerging research practices, and build community within and beyond the academy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND RESULTS CONCLUSION Lentinula edodes is a commercially important mushroom known for its nutritional and therapeutic values. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the distinct nutritional and physiological attributes of various L. edodes strains are not well understood. This study focused on three Lentinula strains (DMRO‐356, DMRO‐623, and DMRO‐388s) with different nutritional and productivity profiles. Illumina sequencing was used to perform a whole‐transcriptome analysis, conducting 100‐base pair paired‐end sequencing of total messenger RNA (mRNA) in duplicate, resulting in 28–48 million sequencing reads per strain. After rigorous data filtering, over 99% of high‐quality reads were retained, and more than 95% were aligned to the Lentinula genome.Differential gene expression analyses identified 2210 differentially expressed genes between DMRO‐356 and DMRO‐623, 862 between DMRO‐356 and DMRO‐388s, and 2212 between DMRO‐623 and DMRO‐388s. Significant genetic variations were found among the strains, including 7753 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in DMRO‐356 versus DMRO‐623 and 4080 SNPs in DMRO‐356 versus DMRO‐388s. Additionally, 349 insertions/deletions (InDels) were found in DMRO‐356/DMRO‐623 and 218 in DMRO‐356/DMRO‐388 s. Non‐synonymous SNPs, which alter amino acid compositions, were analyzed, showing a preference for polar over charged amino acids.These differentially expressed genes were associated with various nutritional and developmental processes, highlighting the importance of genetic variations in shaping amino acid composition and potentially affecting protein function. This study is the first comprehensive exploration of transcriptional differences among Lentinula strains available for its cultivation, providing valuable insights to enhance mushroom quality and productivity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Yam is an important crop for food security in East and West Africa due to its high market value and customer demand. High tuber quality with yield and disease resistance are the main traits for acceptability of yam cultivars across the tropical zone. There has been limited progress in enhancing the production and quality traits of yams, despite the significant socio-economic significance of this crop. Method: To expedite the development of high-quality yam cultivars in Uganda, traits association study was conducted to identify genomic regions associated with key traits such as disease resistance, high yields, and dry matter content. The association mapping was conducted with multi-random mixed linear model (mrMLM) to compute the associations using five genetic models. Results: A total of 16 significant single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) markers were identified to be associated with the traits studied. Gene identification analysis revealed the presence of key putative genes such as Vicilin-like seed storage protein At2g28490 (ARATH)and Growth-regulating factor 1 involved in a variety of functions ranging from storage and gene regulation for disease resistance. Discussion: The results obtained from this work have significant implications for the in-depth analysis of the genetic structure underlying key traits in yam. Additionally, this study emphasizes the identification of SNP variants and genes that may be utilized for genomic-informed selection in order to enhance yield and disease resistance in yams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of poor people and the total number of people in United States counties are strongly and non-linearly correlated, illustrated by power laws. The total number of people and the number of enterprises in U.S. counties and micropolitan statistical areas are also non-linearly correlated. Graphs of power law data points of the latter relationship visually map the relative prosperity/poverty levels of more than 3000 counties or more than 500 micropolitans despite orders of magnitude differences in population or enterprise numbers. The utility of Prospov maps is illustrated by superimposition of different socioeconomic and entrepreneurial characteristics on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the inception of satellite remote sensing as a technology, characterization of forests has been one of its major applications. Characterization of forests at community level is essential for conservation, restoration and sustainable management of biodiversity. Recent advances in remote sensing offer opportunities to observe not only the reflectance spectra of forests from space, but also their phenology and structure. In this study, Earth Observation (EO) datasets were divided into 3 sets: spectral, structural and phenological. Then, Random Forest (RF) algorithm was applied on these 3 datasets along with field inventory-based tree data to generate community classification map of Purna wildlife sanctuary in Gujarat, India. The classification accuracy achieved from the spectral datasets (79.08–87.23%) was better than the phenological dataset (80.94%); and the latter in turn was better than the structural datasets (74.11–81.49%). An RF model with combination of the best predictors from the three datasets increased the classification accuracy upto 90.29%. In case of spectral dataset, the last image before the start of summer monsoon season gave the best accuracy. Also the new spectral bands which first became available in relatively newer satellites contributed significantly more to the model as compared to relatively older spectral bands which have been available in remote sensing satellites for quite some time. Overall, this study develops an empirical framework for mapping tropical tree communities by improving accuracy across the readily available remote sensing datasets and can be upscaled with sufficient field inventory data to generate a national level forest tree community map in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational exposure to particulate matter (PM) can result in multiple adverse health effects and should be minimized to protect workers' health. PM exposure at the workplace can be complex with many potential sources and fluctuations over time, making it difficult to control. Dynamic maps that visualize how PM is distributed throughout a workplace over time can help in gaining better insights into when and where exposure occurs. This study explored the use of spatiotemporal modeling followed by kriging for the development of dynamic PM concentration maps in an experimental setting and a workplace setting. Data was collected using personal low-cost PM sensors and an indoor location tracking system, mounted on a moving robot or worker. Maps were generated for an experimental study with one simulated robot worker and a workplace study with four workers. Cross-validation was performed to evaluate the performance and robustness of three types of spatiotemporal models (metric, separable, and summetric) and, as an additional external validation, model estimates were compared with measurements from sensors that were placed stationary in the laboratory or workplace. Spatiotemporal models and maps were generated for both the experimental and workplace studies, with average root mean squared error (RMSE) from 10-fold cross-validation ranging from 7–12 and 73–127 µg/m3, respectively. Workplace models were relatively more robust compared to the experimental study (relative SD ranging from 8–14% of the average RMSE vs. 27–56%, respectively), presumably due to the larger number of parallel measurements. Model estimates showed low to moderate fits compared to stationary sensor measurements (R2 ranging from 0.1–0.5), indicating maps should be interpreted with caution and only used indicatively. Together, these findings show the feasibility of using spatiotemporal modeling for generating dynamic concentration maps based on personal data. The described method could be applied for exposure characterization within comparable study designs or can be expanded further, for example by developing real-time, location-based worker feedback systems, as efficient tools to visualize and communicate exposure risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mapping Imaging Spectrometer for Europa (MISE) is an infrared compositional instrument that will fly on NASA's Europa Clipper mission to the Jupiter system. MISE is designed to meet the Level-1 science requirements related to the mission's composition science objective to "understand the habitability of Europa's ocean through composition and chemistry" and to contribute to the geology science and ice shell and ocean objectives, thereby helping Europa Clipper achieve its mission goal to "explore Europa to investigate its habitability." MISE has a mass of 65 kg and uses an energy per flyby of 75.2 W-h. MISE will detect illumination from 0.8 to 5 μm with 10 nm spectral resolution, a spatial sampling of 25 m per pixel at 100 km altitude, and 300 cross-track pixels, enabling discrimination among the two principal states of water ice on Europa, identification of the main non-ice components of interest: salts, acids, and organics, and detection of trace materials as well as some thermal signatures. Furthermore, the spatial resolution and global coverage that MISE will achieve will be complemented by the higher spectral resolution of some Earth-based assets. MISE, combined with observations collected by the rest of the Europa Clipper payload, will enable significant advances in our understanding of how the large-scale structure of Europa's surface is shaped by geological processes and inform our understanding of the surface at microscale. This paper describes the planned MISE science investigations, instrument design, concept of operations, and data products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management decisions often focus on the habitat selection of marked individuals without considering the contribution to demographic performance in selected habitats. Because habitat selection is not always adaptive, understanding the spatial relationship between habitat selection and demographic performance is critical to management decisions. Mapping both habitat selection and demographic performance for species of conservation concern can help guide population‐scale conservation efforts. We demonstrate a quantitative approach to differentiate areas supporting selection and survival at large spatial extents. As a case study, we applied this approach to greater sage‐grouse (Centrocercus urophasianus; hereafter, sage‐grouse), an indicator species for sagebrush ecosystems. We evaluated both habitat selection and survival across multiple reproductive life stages (nesting, brood‐rearing) in the Bi‐State Distinct Population Segment, a genetically distinct and geographically isolated population of sage‐grouse on the southwestern edge of the species' range. Our approach allowed us to identify both mismatches between selection and survival and trade‐offs between reproductive life stages. These findings suggest resource demands vary across time, with predation risk being a dominant driver of habitat selection during nesting and early brood‐rearing periods when chicks are smaller and flightless, whereas access to forage resources becomes more important during late brood rearing when resources become increasingly limited. Moving beyond identifying and managing habitat solely based on species occupancy or use by incorporating demographic measures allows managers to tailor actions to their specific goals; for example, protections of areas that support high selection and high survival and restoration actions focused on increasing survival in areas of high selection and low survival. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to determine the direction of press law research trends, identify relationships between other scientific concepts based on press law keywords. The method used in this research is bibliometric analysis, the data used was taken from Scopus in the period 2013-2023. Data collection was carried out based on the Scopus database. Data collection was carried out using Publish or Perish software as metadata with a total of 26 articles obtained. Data analysis was carried out using Vosviewer software as a bibliometric analysis medium. The results of the research show that press law research mapping has increased, in terms of quantity it has increased. The highest publication growth occurred in 2021, reaching 28 journals (23%), while in 2005 the lowest publication was 2 publications (2%), in 2013 there were no Scopus publications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The goal of surgical management in pediatric low-grade gliomas (pLGGs) is gross total resection (GTR), as it is considered curative with favorable long-term outcomes. Achieving GTR can be challenging in the setting of eloquent-region gliomas, in which resection may increase risk of neurological deficits. Awake craniotomy (AC) with intraoperative neurofunctional mapping (IONM) offers a promising approach to achieve maximal resection while preserving neurological function. However, its adoption in pediatric cases has been hindered, and barriers to its adoption have not previously been elucidated. Findings: This review includes two complementary investigations. First, a survey study was conducted querying pediatric neurosurgeons on their perceived barriers to the procedure in children with pLGG. Next, these critical barriers were analyzed in the context of existing literature. These barriers included the lack of standardized IONM techniques for children, inadequate surgical and anesthesia experience, concerns regarding increased complication risks, doubts about children's ability to tolerate the procedure, and perceived non-indications due to alternative monitoring tools. Conclusion: Efforts to overcome these barriers include standardizing IONM protocols, refining anesthesia management, enhancing patient preparation strategies, and challenging entrenched beliefs about pediatric AC. Collaborative interdisciplinary efforts and further studies are needed to establish safety guidelines and broaden the application of AC, ultimately improving outcomes for children with pLGG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Spatial epidemiology, integrating traditional epidemiology, geography, statistics, environmental science, and ecology, provides a comprehensive framework for analyzing the spatial dimensions of health and disease. This interdisciplinary approach enhances the development of effective public health strategies and interventions. However, its multifaceted nature can bring complexities in practical application. Using the case of spatial epidemiology in swine viral diseases (SVDs), we illustrate the objectives, methodologies, and essential considerations for the application of spatial epidemiology, which we hope to offer as a comprehensive reference for researchers in this field. Spatial epidemiology offers a comprehensive framework for analyzing the spatial distribution and transmission of diseases, leveraging advanced technical tools and software, including Geographic Information Systems (GISs), remote sensing technology, statistical and mathematical software, and spatial analysis tools. Despite its increasing application to swine viral diseases (SVDs), certain challenges arise from its interdisciplinary nature. To support novices, frontline veterinarians, and public health policymakers in navigating its complexities, we provide a comprehensive overview of the common applications of spatial epidemiology in SVD. These applications are classified into four categories based on their objectives: visualizing and elucidating spatiotemporal distribution patterns, identifying risk factors, risk mapping, and tracing the spatiotemporal evolution of pathogens. We further elucidate the technical methods, software, and considerations necessary to accomplish these objectives. Additionally, we address critical issues such as the ecological fallacy and hypothesis generation in geographic correlation analysis. Finally, we explore the future prospects of spatial epidemiology in SVD within the One Health framework, offering a valuable reference for researchers engaged in the spatial analysis of SVD and other epidemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clubroot, a significant soil-borne disease, severely impacts the productivity of cruciferous crops. The identification and development of clubroot resistance (CR) genes are crucial for mitigating this disease. This study investigated the genetic inheritance of clubroot resistance within an F2 progeny derived from the cross of a resistant parent, designated "377", and a susceptible parent, designated "12A". Notably, "377" exhibited robust resistance to the "KEL-23" strain of Plasmodiophora brassicae, the causative agent of clubroot. Genetic analyses suggested that the observed resistance is controlled by a single dominant gene. Through Bulked Segregant Analysis sequencing (BSA-seq) and preliminary gene mapping, we localized the CR gene locus, designated as BraPb8.3, to a 1.30 Mb genomic segment on chromosome A08, flanked by the markers "333" and "sau332-1". Further fine mapping precisely narrowed down the position of BraPb8.3 to a 173.8 kb region between the markers "srt8-65" and "srt8-25", where we identified 22 genes, including Bra020861 with a TIR-NBS-LRR domain and Bra020876 with an LRR domain. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analyses confirmed that both Bra020861 and Bra020876 exhibit increased expression levels in the resistant parent "377" following inoculation with P. brassicae, thereby underscoring their potential as key genes implicated in BraPb8.3-mediated clubroot resistance. This study not only identifies molecular markers associated with BraPb8.3 but also enriches the genetic resources available for breeding programs aimed at enhancing resistance to clubroot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global awareness about the threats of ecosystem degradation in the Amazon is growing. While state‐managed protected areas remain key instruments for forest conservation, private actors are increasingly funding and implementing a broad range of conservation initiatives. Private actors are transforming the Amazonian conservation landscape and its governance, however, many aspects of private conservation, especially the diversity of local practitioners and the challenges they face, remain understudied. Drawing on a case study of Madre de Dios in the Peruvian Amazon, we aim to generate a better understanding of private conservation practitioners and their various approaches to conservation on private and public land. We used an extensive review of literature and databases, in addition to 13 semi‐structured interviews with various private conservation practitioners, to map privately conserved areas, and to gather perceptions about challenges, opportunities, and future pathways for private conservation. A total of 590 privately conserved areas, covering over one million hectares, were identified and mapped in Madre de Dios. We find that, while most initiatives are managed by individuals and families, for‐profit companies manage half of the total area privately protected. Furthermore, we find that private conservation initiatives face significant barriers and pressures. These barriers include complex bureaucratic processes, legal contradictions and incoherencies, corruption, weak law enforcement, and financial insecurity. Conservation policies largely favor national and international actors and less so local, grassroots initiatives run by individuals and communities. Finally, we highlight the need for more accessible and inclusive policies that recognize the contribution of less powerful actors, to foster more effective conservation efforts for the future of the Amazon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As real-time systems are safety critical, guaranteeing a high reliability threshold is as important as meeting all deadlines. Periodic tasks are replicated to mitigate the negative impact of transient faults, which leads to redundancy and high energy consumption. On the other hand, energy saving is widely identified as increasingly relevant issues in real-time systems. In this paper, we formalize this challenging tri-criteria optimization problem, i.e., minimizing the expected energy consumption while enforcing the reliability threshold and meeting all task deadlines, and propose several mapping and scheduling heuristics to solve it. Specifically, a novel approach is designed to (i) map an arbitrary number of replicas onto processors, (ii) schedule each replica of each task instance on its assigned processor with less temporal overlap. The platform is composed of processing units with different characteristics, including speed profile, energy cost and fault rate. The heterogeneity of the computing platform makes the problem more complicated, because different mappings achieve different levels of reliability and consume different amounts of energy. Moreover, scheduling plays an important role in energy saving, as the expected energy consumption is the average over all failure scenarios. Once a task replica is successful, the other replicas of that task instance can be canceled, which calls for minimizing the overlap between any replica pair. Finally, to quantitatively analyze our methods, we derive a theoretical lower-bound for the expected energy consumption. Comprehensive experiments are conducted on a large set of execution scenarios and parameters. The comparison results reveal that our strategies perform better than the random baseline under almost all settings, with an average gain in energy consumption of more than 40%, and our best heuristic achieves an excellent performance: its energy saving is only 2% less than the lower-bound on average. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Living beings get inevitable exposure to radiation of which approximately half of the dose is due to natural background radiation. In the present study, an extensive and systematic survey of outdoor GDR (GDR) was carried out in Churu and Jhunjhunu districts of Rajasthan. A total of 687 locations were covered to quantify the outdoor GDR. The portable radiation monitor, based on the Geiger-Muller counter, was used to monitor the outdoor gamma dose, and its associated health risk was estimated. Outdoor GDRs were found to vary from 32 nSv/h to 231 nSv/h and 75 nSv/h to 188 nSv/h in Churu and Jhunjhunu districts, respectively. The annual effective dose at most locations of the study area was greater than 0.07 nSv/h but less than the 1 mSv/y permissible limit recommended by the ICRP. The excess lifetime cancer risk in Churu district was estimated and found to range from 0.147 × 10−3 to 1.063 × 10−3, while in Jhunjhunu district it was 0.345 × 10−3 to 0.865 × 10−3 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to map the Lequesne index onto the EuroQol 5 Dimension (EQ-5D-5L) utility index for patients with knee osteoarthritis. Baseline data from a previous randomized controlled trial were used; 461 patients were involved in the mapping development, and 230 in the validation phase. Various modeling techniques, including generalized linear models, tobit, and beta regression, were used. Factors such as age, sex, and body mass index were considered as covariates. Model selection was based on criteria such as Akaike and Bayesian information criteria, adjusted R2, mean absolute error, and root mean squared error. Validation involved assessing the preselected models using mean absolute error, root mean squared error, and intraclass correlation coefficient. This study follows the Mapping Onto Preference-Based Measures Reporting Standards statement. Five models were developed, with 2 incorporating age, sex, with or without body mass index along with the Lequesne index showing the best fit across regressions. Validation results were similar for the 3 regressions, with beta regression models exhibiting wider ranges closer to the validation data set. Intraclass correlation coefficient values were better for beta regression models. Both models tended to overpredict for lower EQ-5D-5L values and underpredict for better health status. These mapping functions, the first of their kind, effectively translate the Lequesne index to EQ-5D-5L values in patients with knee osteoarthritis. They demonstrate satisfactory fit and precision, providing valuable tools for clinicians and researchers, particularly in situations where generic preference-based health-related quality of life instruments are inaccessible for utility derivation in cost-effectiveness studies. • Addressing the burden of knee osteoarthritis (OA), this study pioneers the development of mapping functions to translate Lequesne index scores to EQ-5D-5L values, providing a novel tool for future investigations in health outcomes assessment for patients with knee OA. • Using rigorous modeling techniques, including generalized linear model, tobit, and beta regressions, the research establishes 2 models with age, sex, body mass index, and Lequesne index as key factors, showing good goodness-of-fit indexes, widening the scope for accurate health predictions. • These mapping functions provide clinicians and researchers with valuable tools to accurately assess the health status of patients with knee OA, especially in situations where generic preference-based instruments are inaccessible, thereby facilitating progress in cost-effectiveness studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to elucidate the long-term impact of prelingual deafness and elderly age at cochlear implantation on cochlear implant (CI) programming parameters and CI thresholds We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent cochlear implantation less than 5 years (Prelingual group) and equal and more than 18 years in our institute. The latter group was further divided into Adult and Elderly groups according to whether the patient was younger or older than 65 at implantation. From 152, 69, and 55 patients in the Prelingual, Adult, and Elderly groups, 242, 92, and 58 ears were included. We compared CI thresholds and CI programming parameters, including impedances, T/C levels, and dynamic ranges for 8 years after implantation between the Prelingual, Adult, and Elderly groups. The Prelingual group showed consistently lower CI thresholds than the Adult and Elderly groups during the postoperative 2-8 years, but no difference was detected between the Elderly and Adult groups, except at the postoperative 4 years. The elderly group's CI thresholds did not deteriorate until postoperative 8 years. The Prelingual group showed consistently larger T/C levels (minimum/maximum current strength from CI), especially C levels, than the other two groups. At the same time, there was no significant difference between the Elderly and Adult groups except for smaller dynamic ranges in the Elderly group until postoperative 2 years. These results in the CI programming parameters might explain the lower CI thresholds in the Prelingual group than in the other groups. Focusing on CI maps 1 and 3 years after implantation, the strength of the T/C levels was similar for all channels in the Prelingual group, but the Adult and Elderly groups showed larger electrical stimuli in channels responsible for the middle frequencies than those for the lower or higher frequencies. Our results suggest a significant influence of prelingual deafness but less impact of elderly age at implantation on long-term CI programming parameters and CI thresholds. The larger C levels and lower CI thresholds in the Prelingual group than in the Adult and Elderly groups implied that CI children with prelingual deafness tolerate and prefer larger CI stimuli, which may reflect the CI-dependent development of their auditory system before the critical period. No age-related reduction in hearing thresholds was observed in the Elderly group, probably because the CI compensates for age-related dysfunction of the peripheral auditory system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents AstrobeeCD, a system for 3D scene change detection toward near-real-time environmental awareness of space outposts using the Astrobee free-flying robot in microgravity. Assistive free-flyer robots autonomously caring for future crewed space habitats must be able to detect day-to-day interior changes to track inventory, detect and diagnose faults, and monitor the outpost status. A set of image and depth data from one time step is used to reconstruct a 3D model of the environment. The 3D model is used as the basis for comparison for free-flyer environment surveys at future time steps, where an image-based change detection algorithm identifies inconsistencies against the 3D model. Change detection is demonstrated using real image and pose data collected by an Astrobee robot in a test environment on Earth at NASA Ames Research Center and from microgravity aboard the International Space Station. Change detection computation time and performance are quantitatively evaluated on the test data captured on Earth, and it identifies scene changes more quickly than a point cloud clustering-based algorithm applied to data from the same surveys. [Display omitted] • Free-flying robotic assistants in space need to efficiently detect scene changes. • AstrobeeCD demonstrates near-real-time 3D scene change detection for space habitats. • AstrobeeCD processes Astrobee's images and poses for image-based change detection. • AstrobeeCD is validated on Astrobee data collected on Earth and in space on the ISS. • Data and code are publicly released to promote further development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers primarily focus on the formal practices used by event organizers to establish temporary spaces like Host Event Zones, characterized as a unilateral process that ignores community interests. Yet little research investigates both the formal and informal interactions between stakeholders. Interviews with London 2012 senior organizers after the "fog of organizing" has lifted–and without political pressure to toe‐the‐line–reveals how two‐way dialogue was facilitated through various communicative mechanisms, from "road shows" to more inclusive Olympic Organizing Committee meetings. This counters previous arguments and contributes new knowledge by revealing–and more accurately representing–how event zones are cocreated through negotiation between the event and community. Consequently, scholars should be wary of extrapolating from formal practices on paper and interrogate the more complex and messy informalities of planning to improve veracity of claim(s). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observation results on the south coast of Jember show that there are differences in the characteristics of groundwater in several residents' dug wells, namely some are fresh and brackish. Based on the findings of these problems, the aim of this research is to analyze and map soil quality based on quality standards with geological observations on the south coast of Jember. This research uses quantitative methods through surveys to determine the quality of groundwater used for drinking water in the Jember South Coastal Area with the parameters tested including TDS, odor, taste, pH, sulfate, chloride and hardness. The results of groundwater quality on the southern coast of Jember Regency show that based on the test results of physical parameters and chemical parameters, most of the air samples are of drinking quality. The results of groundwater quality mapping with geological observations based on the Jember geological map sheet show that 47 km2 (17,8%) of non-drinkable areas are located on alluvial plains interspersed with puger formations in the form of limestone which has high porosity and permeability and 227 km2 (82,2%) the potable area is located in geological interbeds of sandstone and clay with low porosity and permeability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims Rhythm control of non-paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF) is significantly more challenging, as a result of arrhythmia perpetuation promoting atrial substrate changes and AF maintenance. We describe a tailored ablation strategy targeting multiple left atrial (LA) sites via a pentaspline pulsed field ablation (PFA) catheter in persistent AF sustained beyond 6 months (PerAF > 6 m) and long-standing persistent AF (LSPAF). Methods and results The ablation protocol included the following stages: pulmonary vein antral and posterior wall isolation plus anterior roof line ablation (Stage 1); electrogram-guided substrate ablation (Stage 2); atrial tachyarrhythmia regionalization and ablation (Stage 3). Seventy-two [age:68 ± 10years, 61.1%males; AF history: 25 (18–45) months] patients with PerAF > 6 m (52.8%) and LSPAF (47.2%) underwent their first PFA via the FarapulseTM system. LA substrate ablation (Stage 1 and 2) led to AF termination in 95.8% of patients. AF organized into a left-sided atrial flutter (AFlu) in 46 (74.2%) patients. The PFA catheter was used to identify LA sites showing diastolic, low-voltage electrograms and entrainment from its splines was performed to confirm the pacing site was inside the AFlu circuit. Left AFlu termination was achieved in all cases via PFA delivery. Total procedural and LA dwell times were 112 ± 25 min and 59 ± 22 min, respectively. Major complications occurred in 2 (2.8%) patients. Single-procedure success rate was 74.6% after 14.9 ± 2.7 months of follow-up; AF-free survival was 89.2%. Conclusion In our cohort, PFA-based AF substrate ablation led to AF termination in 95.8% of cases. Very favourable clinical outcomes were observed during >1 year of follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The current study aims to develop an algorithm for mapping the WHODAS 2.0 to the EQ-5D-5 L for patients with mental disorders. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Institute of Mental Health and Community Wellness Clinics in Singapore between June 2019 and November 2022. We included four regression methods including the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression, the Tobit regression model (Tobit), the robust regression with MM estimator (MM), and the adjusted limited dependent variable mixture model (ALDVMM) to map EQ-5D-5 L utility scores from the WHODAS 2.0. Results: A total of 797 participants were included. The mean EQ-5D-5 L utility and WHODAS 2.0 total scores were 0.615 (SD = 0.342) and 11.957 (SD = 8.969), respectively. We found that the EQ-5D-5 L utility score was best predicted by the robust regression model with the MM estimator. Our findings suggest that the WHODAS 2.0 total scores were significantly and inversely associated with the EQ-5D-5 L utility scores. Conclusion: This study provides a mapping algorithm for converting the WHODAS 2.0 scores into EQ-5D-5 L utility scores which can be implemented using a simple online calculator in the following web application: . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Palliative care is unavailable and/or inaccessible for the majority of people in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC). This study aims to determine the availability and accessibility of palliative care services in Malaysia, a middle-income country that has made good progress toward universal health coverage (UHC). Method: Publicly available data, and databases of registered palliative care services were obtained from governmental and nongovernmental sources. Google Maps and Rome2Rio web-based applications were used to assess geographical disparities by estimating the median distance, travel time, and travel costs from every Malaysian district to the closest palliative care service. Results: Substantial variations in availability, components, and accessibility (distance, time, and cost to access care) of palliative care services were observed. In the highly developed Central Region of Peninsular Malaysia, specialty care was available within 4 km whereas in the less-developed East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, patients had to travel approximately 46 km. In the predominantly rural East Malaysia, basic palliative care services were 82 km away and, in some instances, where land connectivity was scarce, it took 2.5 h to access care via boat. The corresponding median travel costs were USD2 (RM9) and USD23 (RM114) in Peninsular Malaysia and East Malaysia. Conclusion: The stark urban–rural divide in the availability and accessibility of palliative care services even in a setting that has made good progress toward UHC highlights the urgent need for decentralization of palliative care in the LMICs. This may be achieved by capacity building and task shifting in primary care and community settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lunar intrusive igneous domes have not been the center of much research in the past due to their rare occurrence on the lunar surface, and the difficulty in locating them. Most of the known structures were discovered using images with low illumination angles, including data from the Lunar Orbiter, telescopic images, and photos taken during the Apollo Missions. These intrusive domes are characterized by an oval shape and low slopes. We analyzed one of these systems, the Valentine domes, located near the rim of the western Serenitatis basin, with modern techniques and data sets from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Chandrayaan‐1 missions. We created a geostratigraphic map of the area, combining geomorphological and spectral classifications. The aspect map (direction of the slope) proved to be the most suitable product to locate and delimit these structures; using it, we identified a new dome southeast of the principal body, suggesting that the intrusive system is larger than previously thought. It was found that the three domes can be classified as laccoliths, and that several derived structures such as rilles, dykes, and secondary domes represent different stages of intrusive activity in the area. Based on crater counting analysis, we determined that the intrusive activity began after 2.98 ± 0.15 Ga and lasted at least until 1.88 ± 0.5 Ga ago. Plain Language Summary: Igneous intrusive domes have not been extensively studied, in part due to their rare occurrence on the lunar surface. In this work, we used data derived from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO) and Chandrayaan‐1 to analyze and construct a comprehensive map of the Valentine Domes system near the rim of the Serenitatis basin, a group of small hills formed from the cooling and emplacement of magma below the surface. This type of dome is difficult to identify from satellite imagery due to its subtle effect on the topography; however, using modern data sets, we discovered a new dome, while also studying those that are already known. The detailed mapping allowed us to identify several smaller structures around the main domes, which proved that the system is more complex and bigger than previously thought. Our analyses suggest that the igneous system was active at least until 1.8 Ga ago. Key Points: A new intrusive dome was discovered using high‐resolution data from the Narrow Angle Camera (NAC) on board the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter (LRO)Smaller intrusive structures on top of the main domes are aligned with each other and share spectral propertiesFrom the crater count analysis of the system, it was found that the intrusion was active at least from 2.8 to 1.8 Ga [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citrus fruits are among the most produced and traded agricultural products worldwide, with significant economic and social importance. Despite their importance in the European Union, Middle East, and Africa, the existing literature is limited. Several studies have reviewed different aspects of general agri-food supply chains, but a product-based literature review on citrus supply chains has not been conducted. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the citrus supply chain in these regions, identifying the key research topics, methodologies, and supply chain echelons addressed in the literature. The study employed a systematic review, real-world case studies, and supply chain stakeholders' interviews. This multi-faceted approach allows researchers to highlight research gaps, map a complete citrus supply chain, and provide a detailed material flow and sustainability-oriented overview of potential inputs and outputs at different stages. By incorporating real-world case studies and stakeholder interviews, this paper offers a nuanced and practical perspective on the operational and sustainability challenges unique to the citrus supply chain. This study serves as a guide for future research and enables practitioners to pinpoint areas and strategies for operational improvement across the supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of religion in Western societies has gained renewed attention in recent years. While choirs have been studied to varying extents in the social sciences, the geography of choirs has received little attention, particularly in human geography. Using questionnaire responses from secular choir members, this exploratory study examines the possible differences and/or similarities of secular choir's sacral and/or secular activity in urban and rural spaces in Sweden. The study reveals two primary findings. First, it reveals that secular choir members engage in a mixture of secular and sacred activities, suggesting that these activities can be considered postsecular. Second, the data challenges the geographical perception of rural environments as more sacred/traditional, as they have a high proportion of secular activities. Likewise, the results questions the geographical perception of urban environments as secular/modern, as they demonstrate an even distribution of sacred activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) caused by banana bunchy top virus (BBTV) poses a significant threat to Uganda's food and income security. Methods: To map BBTD spread and inform its management, a delimiting survey was undertaken covering the high-risk zones bordering the Democratic Republic of Congo (DR Congo) in the west, Rwanda and Tanzania in the south, and South Sudan in the north. BBTD is endemic in the DR Congo and present in Tanzania and Rwanda. The survey and environmental data were then used to map the vulnerability of Uganda's banana landscapes. Results and discussion: BBTD was only confirmed on 9% of sampled farms in north- and midwestern Uganda, with yield losses of 75% to 100%. Farmers observed BBTD over a 0.5-4.4-year period, suggesting a delayed detection. Suckers were the predominate planting materials used, increasing the risk of disease spread. Landscape suitability for BBTD was influenced by precipitation of the driest month, banana presence in 2016, land surface temperature difference (LSTD), the interaction between wind speed and LSTD, isothermality, wind speed, and the normalized difference vegetation index. These variables affect either or both the virus and aphid vector populations. Altitude did not influence the model, possibly due to disease introduction at mid to high altitudes through infected planting materials. The low-lying zones (around River Nile and Lakes Albert, Edward, and Victoria) are highly vulnerable. BBTD risk was low in northeastern Uganda with low banana production. The prediction map shows some suitable landscapes in the southwest that can expose this major banana production zone to BBTD, necessitating proactive measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) played a central role in delineating the Tennessee Valley as an energy region. Utilizing mapping as critical practice, this study delves into the spatial history of the region, examining how the construction of an integrated network of hydroelectric dams by the TVA underpinned a regime of techno-environmental development. By bringing together historical cartographic information and archival sources, mapping reveals how environmental, technological, and social infrastructures intertwined to create a complex geopolitical terrain. The emergent geography of the region demonstrates the TVA's belief that techno-environmental region-building could serve as a vehicle for progressive social change and provide a substitute for existing racialized political geographies. However, despite the TVA's public intentions, the benefits of development were unevenly distributed, ultimately perpetuating racial disparities and socioeconomic inequities. As our need to rethink energy infrastructure gains urgency, the map and accompanying text hope to provide reflection on the infrastructural underpinnings of the Tennessee Valley, offering potential insight for contemporary discussion on energy transitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Architecture is the stone book of history, and the evolution of architectural styles showcases a non-verbal history constructed through images. As an important part of China's historical and cultural heritage, the architectural forms and styles of Tibetan Buddhist temples were initially modeled on Tang dynasty temple architecture and gradually evolved into the most significant architectural types in regions such as Tibet and Qinghai in China. Religious architecture has also played a significant role in shaping regional cultural landscapes. Existing research on Tibetan Buddhist temples is primarily focused on qualitative studies of individual temple buildings. This research takes the spatiotemporal evolution of architectural styles of Tibetan Buddhist temples as an entry point and, for the first time, employs ArcGIS technology to visualize the spatial and geographical distribution of Tibetan Buddhist temples from the 7th to the 18th century, establishing a comprehensive academic vision that encompasses both historical stratification and cross-regional spatial correlations. By analyzing the cultural symbolic features embodied in the construction styles of Tibetan Buddhist temples and the visual characteristics reflected in their decorative arts, we propose two spatiotemporal dimensions for the formation and transmission of Tibetan Buddhist temple architectural styles: "Westward Transmission" and "Eastward Diffusion". Firstly, from the 7th to the 9th centuries, the architectural style and construction techniques of Tang dynasty Buddhist temples were transmitted westward along the Tang–Tibet ancient road, integrating with local Tibetan elements to form the Tubo architectural style, which was further refined into the "Sino–Tibetan Combined Style" with strong visual characteristics around the 13th century. Subsequently, along with the spread of Tibetan Buddhism, this temple architectural style underwent an eastward diffusion from the 13th to the 18th century, reaching regions, such as Sichuan, Qinghai, Gansu, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, and Beijing, presenting a spatial gradient from west to east in the geographical dimension. On this basis, in this research, we construct a historical evolution mapping of Tibetan Buddhist temple architectural styles based on bidirectional transmission, attempting to elucidate that the intrinsic driving forces are religious and the cultural identity that guided the bidirectional transmission mechanism of these architectural styles under the historical context of the formation and dissemination of Tibetan Buddhism from the 7th to the 18th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]