Search

The discovery of new natural gas resources in the Eastern Mediterranean fueled the tension in the region and led to a highly complicated crisis involving multiple actors. This study adopts a constructivist approach in analyzing the political economy of the Eastern Mediterranean energy crisis by relying on the role of identities and ideas in shaping economic decisions. The historical enmity between Turkey and Greece over Cyprus is at the heart of the crisis. Thus, the study focuses on the Turkey, Greece, and Cyprus triangle to reveal the impact of Turkey's image constructed by Greece and the Republic of Cyprus, on the political-economic aspect of the decisions of Greece and Greek Cypriots. To accomplish this objective, a two-stage content analysis was conducted by filtering the official statements of Greece and the RoC from their respective foreign ministries, utilizing the keyword 'Eastern Mediterranean.' By scrutinizing the official discourses and documents, the analysis aims to delve into the image of Turkey held by these actors. Keywords: Energy, Historical Enmity, Conflict, Constructivism, Cyprus, Identity, Introduction Rationalists assume that actors seek to maximize their interests and determine their actions following a cost-benefit analysis based on material factors. This research adopts the constructivist premise that interests [...]

Background Non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) decrease COVID-19 transmission. Reliability and validity of adherence to NPIs in accordance with normalization process theory (NPT) in coherent and convenient social subgroups using reflective measurement model assessment has not been evaluated. Methods In February 2021, a sample of medical students and people with substance use disorders in treatment as coherent (based on continuous probability distribution) vs. convenient groups (based on convenience, not equal probability) composed of travellers and COVID-19 suspected persons from Split-Dalmatia County (SDC) (n  = 656) in the Mediterranean completed self-administered surveys. Partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to measure reflective model assessment of adherence to NPIs according to NPT. Results PLS-SEM reflective model assessment provided two-group specific factors in inverse relationships which determined adherence to NPIs with excellent goodness-of-fit [ χ 2 = 1.292, df = 1; P  = 0.297, CFI = 1, TLI = 0.997, RMSEA = 0.011 (90% CI 0–0.105), RMSEA P  = 0.604, SRMR = 0.008, Hoelter CN (α = 0.05) = 2322.757]. Significant negative factors covariance estimate (−0.716) revealed an inverse relationship between first (adherence to NPIs and internal locus of control (LoC) (0.640)) and second factor; young adulthood age (≤25) and highest level of education (1362). As the first factor increased the second tended to decrease. LoC is expected potential mechanism by which sex (MLsex = −0.017, SE = 0.007, P  < 0.016) and belonging to coherent subgroups (MLgroup = −0.008, SE = 0.003, P  = 0.015) can produce indirect effect of adherence to NPIs. Conclusions Coherent subgroups had a more pronounced tendency toward integration of NPIs in everyday life. Group factors that facilitate the normalization were higher educated younger adults with a tendency toward external LoC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many factors may affect the diversity and abundance of arthropods in their natural habitats including changes in temperature and humidity. Sometimes, large arthropods remain undetected in unsuspected habitats such as bird nests. Here, we explore the effects of an experiment modifying temperature and relative humidity inside the nest of a troglodyte bird species, the blue tit, Cyanistes caeruleus (L.) (Passeriformes: Paridae), on the abundance of dermestid beetles (Coleoptera: Dermestidae) inhabiting the nests. Ten taxa were identified, six at the species level and four—based on larval stages—at the genus level. Most of the dermestids found in the larval stage were nidicolous dermestids of the genus Anthrenus. Specimens of necrobiont dermestids (those that feed on carcasses in both the larval and adult stages) were found in lower numbers, and almost always in adult stages. The abundance of dermestid larvae found in blue tit nests where the temperature or the humidity were experimentally increased was significantly higher than in the control nests. In addition, adult necrobiont dermestids of genus Dermestes appeared more frequently in those nests where corpses of blue tit nestlings were found. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Almond cultivation has a long-standing tradition on the island of Majorca, traditionally practiced under rainfed conditions. Currently, new plantations are established with irrigation; however, due to present conditions and the impacts of climate change, water availability is limited. The Government of the Balearic Islands permits a maximum water supply of 3000 m3 ha−1 per year for almond cultivation. In this study, a 6-year field trial was conducted to investigate the adaptation of fourteen almond cultivars obtained from different research centers under deficit irrigation practices in the soil and climatic conditions of Majorca Island. The cultivars had a significant effect on trunk cross-sectional area TCSA, cumulative almond in-shell yield, cumulative kernel yield, yield efficiency, and shelling percentage. The 'Marta' and 'Tarraco' cultivars exhibited the highest TCSA values. Regarding cumulative almond in-shell yield, 'Glorieta' and 'Constantí' produced the highest yields, whereas the lowest yields were observed in 'Mardía' and 'Tarraco'. In terms of shelling percentage, 'Ferragnès' exhibited the highest value. Kernel quality parameters were cultivar-specific. Additionally, oleic acid content was strongly negatively correlated with linoleic acid content. All cultivars exhibited an unsaturated fatty acid content exceeding 90%, with 'Masbovera' showing the highest value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the analysis of the spatio-temporal changes in absolute extreme temperatures of the coldest night (TNn), coldest day (TXn), and the hottest night (TNx) and, hottest day (TXx) as defined by the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection and Indices in the Mediterranean Region (MedR) for the period 1950–2023 using ERA5-Land reanalysis gridded dataset. Results show that the annual and seasonal frequencies of TNn and TXn have significantly decreased, while the frequencies of TNx and TXx have increased over the last 74 years in the MedR particularly during hot periods of the year. Since 1950, the magnitude of change in the annual TNn is higher than all absolute extreme temperature indices in the MedR, with more pronounced trends in winter in the western MedR. The hottest year in the MedR since 1950 was 2023, when 35% of the highest absolute maximum temperatures were recorded. According to the results of Pettitt's test, the most significant change point for MedR was in the late 1980s for the absolute extreme cold temperature indices and in the late 1990s for the absolute extreme warm temperature indices. Spatial differences in warming rates are observed for all absolute extreme temperature indices in the MedR. The increase in temperatures, particularly TXx and TNn, is much more pronounced in Western Mediterranean (WMed) during the annual and summer season than in the eastern Mediterranean (EMed). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present study analyzes students' weather-related hazard and risk literacy in Greece, a climate change hotspot region in the Eastern Mediterranean. In this context, we examine the students' level in two core literacy variables, namely knowledge and competency. In addition, we explore how knowledge, attitudes, and socio-demographic variables influence students' competencies related to weather and climate risk assessment and adaptability. A questionnaire-based survey was conducted on 474 students aged 12–16. The regression results showed that knowledge significantly affects the level of competency. Self-belief and confidence in science were the most influential among the attitudinal variables. We conclude by discussing the educational and behavioral issues highlighted as essential to address them with targeted policies and measures in formal education complemented by non-formal educational activities. We also propose future education requirements like further integration of real-world applications and advanced technologies to enhance students' literacy in weather-related hazards and risks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To catch a representative view of a multicultural population's needs. Design: Qualitative study. Methods: Semi‐structured interviews were conducted from July 2022 to January 2023 with the project's stakeholders, migrants, and residents. Data analysis was performed using a multimethod textual analysis technique. Findings: Territorial barriers, lack of social network, and specific professionals' training emerged as healthcare delivery obstacles. For migrants, language improvement emerged as a health priority. A deep relationship with migrants emerged as a deficiency for residents. Conclusion: A welcoming project equipped with solid leadership and the right resources can be fundamental in mediating health promotion and integration. In this process, the involvement of the resident population is essential. Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care: Analysing the migrants' needs and the strengths and limitations of a reception system could help identify the challenges for professionals in delivering culturally competent care. In this context, the nurse's role becomes relevant, being responsible for taking charge and caring for the population and the link between professionals and the population. What Problem Did the Study Address?: The study addressed the problem of improving the overall health of migrants, refugees, and asylum seekers, mainly focusing on reception and integration into a new society process. What Were the Main Findings?: Worse health was identified with adaptation, integration, and family problems. Territorial barriers emerged, hindering good health. Where and on Whom Will the Research Have An Impact?: These research findings can be valuable for health professionals who want to improve the reception process and enhance a care model integrated with residents. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. Reporting Method: To describe the research report, we referred to the COREQ checklist (Tong et al., 2007). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water availability is of paramount importance for sustainable development and environmental planning, specifically in regions such as the Iberian Peninsula, renowned for diverse landscapes and varying climatic conditions. Due to climate change, understanding the potential impacts on water resources becomes essential for effective water management strategies. This research effort aims to assess future potential water availability for the Iberian Peninsula in different climate scenarios, employing cutting-edge water resource modelling techniques integrated within a geographic information system (GIS) framework. In this study, potential water availability is defined as the annual demand for water that can be satisfied at a specific point in the fluvial network with certain reliability. An ensemble of state-of-the-art climate models is utilised to project runoff for the Iberian Peninsula during the mid- and late-twenty-first century periods. These climate projections were subsequently processed using the GIS-based water resource management model, WAAPA, to derive potential water availability under a range of realistic hypotheses. The results indicate that anticipated shifts in precipitation patterns will lead to alterations in hydrological regimes across the region, significantly impacting future water availability. By using GIS-based methodologies, we can facilitate the identification of vulnerable areas susceptible to changes in water availability, offering spatially explicit information along the main rivers of the Iberian Peninsula for decision-makers and stakeholders. High-resolution spatial outputs from this research and detailed water availability estimates serve as valuable input for integrated water resource management and climate change adaptation planning. By combining advanced GIS-based hydrological modelling with climate scenarios, this research presents a robust framework for assessing water resources amidst a changing climate, applicable to other regions struggling with analogous challenges. Ultimately, our study provides vital insights for policymakers and stakeholders, empowering them to make informed decisions and devise adaptive measures to ensure sustainable use of water resources despite uncertain future climatic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent decades, the cultivation of avocados (Persea americana Mill) has expanded throughout the Iberian Peninsula, with most of the production occurring on the Southern Atlantic and Mediterranean Coast, as well as in the Canary Islands. This expansion is due to high demand and high prices, which have made the crop very attractive. However, climatic suitability criteria have not always been followed, putting sustainability at risk. Avocados originate from tropical and subtropical areas and have very specific climatic requirements that must be met to ensure good production. This study analyzed the key climatic variables, including winter cold damage, pollen viability and flowering and fruit set temperatures. Using daily climate data from 1975 to 2022, advanced spatial analysis techniques were applied to produce suitability maps. The results indicate that the expansion of the crop is possible in certain areas of Southern Andalusia but not in the rest of the peninsula. Variables associated with low temperatures, such as cold damage (temperatures below 0 °C in winter) and conditions unfavorable for fruit set (minimum daily temperatures below 10 °C in spring), have been identified as the most restrictive factors. Specifically, the number of days with minimum temperatures above 10 °C in March and April appears to be the most limiting climatic factor for avocado cultivation in the Iberian Peninsula and the Balearic Islands. Andalusia and the Valencian Community have been identified as the most climatically suitable regions for avocado cultivation, with approximately 1,500,000 hectares recognized as potentially suitable for avocado production. This work provides valuable insights into the potential for sustainable agricultural intensification, the sustainability of agricultural decision-making and resilience to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Hydrogeology Journal is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Intensive use of pesticides is among the main drivers of biodiversity loss, especially of insects. Here, field concentrations of chemical synthetic pesticides were measured in soil and carabid beetles in a vineyard (VP) and olive grove (OP), in two consecutive years. The aim was to determine if active ingredients in pesticides applied in the field accumulate in carabids and how this correlates with treatment intensity. Carabids and soil samples were collected at a vineyard and olive grove in Zadar County in Croatia, soil in 2018 and 2019 and carabids in 2019. Both were under integrated pest management (IPM), with a total of 34 pesticides applied, between January and August in the two years of this study. Using LC-MS/MS, a broad range of pesticides, mainly fungicides, was detected in the soil and carabids. In soil samples, boscalid (0.047 mg/kg), mandipropamid (0.08 mg/kg), fluopyram (0.09 mg/kg), cyprodinil (0.09 mg/kg) and tebuconazole (0.13 mg/kg) were detected in the highest amounts. In addition, nine substances were detected in carabids, with valiphenalate (0.048 mg/kg), difenoconazole (0.051 mg/kg) and azoxystrobin (0.064 mg/kg) in the highest concentrations. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) indicated the accumulation of valiphenalate, metalaxyl-M, spiroxamine and difenoconazole in carabids. Data measured directly in the field revealed the accumulation of pesticides in carabids, which indicates they could be good bioindicators in IPM and contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of pesticides in Mediterranean agroecosystems.

This study examines the impact of conventional and sustainable olive oil production methods on export levels in ten Mediterranean countries from 2011 to 2022. Using panelcorrected standard errors (PCSE) and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS), the analysis explores relationships between export quantity, production volume, average annual rainfall, and export levels. The countries are divided into two sub-panels: conventional and sustainable practices. Results reveal a significant positive relationship between export quantity and export levels. In the sustainable sub-panel, the production volume and export relationship are positive but insignificant, while in the conventional sub-panel, it is negative and insignificant. Average annual rainfall positively influences export levels in the conventional panel but has an insignificant effect in the sustainable panel. The study recommends adopting sustainable practices to enhance export levels due to their positive economic and environmental outcomes.

Abstract Water availability is of paramount importance for sustainable development and environmental planning, specifically in regions such as the Iberian Peninsula, renowned for diverse landscapes and varying climatic conditions. Due to climate change, understanding the potential impacts on water resources becomes essential for effective water management strategies. This research effort aims to assess future potential water availability for the Iberian Peninsula in different climate scenarios, employing cutting-edge water resource modelling techniques integrated within a geographic information system (GIS) framework. In this study, potential water availability is defined as the annual demand for water that can be satisfied at a specific point in the fluvial network with certain reliability. An ensemble of state-of-the-art climate models is utilised to project runoff for the Iberian Peninsula during the mid- and late-twenty-first century periods. These climate projections were subsequently processed using the GIS-based water resource management model, WAAPA, to derive potential water availability under a range of realistic hypotheses. The results indicate that anticipated shifts in precipitation patterns will lead to alterations in hydrological regimes across the region, significantly impacting future water availability. By using GIS-based methodologies, we can facilitate the identification of vulnerable areas susceptible to changes in water availability, offering spatially explicit information along the main rivers of the Iberian Peninsula for decision-makers and stakeholders. High-resolution spatial outputs from this research and detailed water availability estimates serve as valuable input for integrated water resource management and climate change adaptation planning. By combining advanced GIS-based hydrological modelling with climate scenarios, this research presents a robust framework for assessing water resources amidst a changing climate, applicable to other regions struggling with analogous challenges. Ultimately, our study provides vital insights for policymakers and stakeholders, empowering them to make informed decisions and devise adaptive measures to ensure sustainable use of water resources despite uncertain future climatic conditions.

Abstract Although, different plant species were utilized for the fabrication of polymorphic, hexagonal, spherical, and nanoflower ZnO NPs with various diameters, few studies succeeded in synthesizing small diameter ZnO nanorods from plant extract at ambient temperature. This work sought to pioneer the ZnO NPs fabrication from the aqueous extract of a Mediterranean salt marsh plant species Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. and assess the role of temperature in the fabrication process. Various techniques have been used to evaluate the quality and physicochemical characteristics of ZnO NPs. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS) was used as the primary test for formation confirmation. TEM analysis confirmed the formation of two different shapes of ZnO NPs, nano-rods and near hexagonal NPs at varying reaction temperatures. The nano-rods were about 25.3 and 297.9 nm in diameter and in length, respectively while hexagonal NPs were about 29.3 nm. The UV–VIS absorption spectra of the two forms of ZnO NPs produced were 370 and 365 nm for nano-rods and hexagonal NPs, respectively. FT-IR analysis showed Zn–O stretching at 642 cm−1 and XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of the produced ZnO NPs. Thermogravimetric analysis; TGA was also used to confirm the thermal stability of ZnO NPs. The anti-tumor activities of the two prepared ZnO NPs forms were investigated by the MTT assay, which revealed an effective dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on A-431 cell lines. Both forms displayed considerable antioxidant potential, particularly the rod-shaped ZnO NPs, with an IC50 of 148.43 µg mL−1. The rod-shaped ZnO NPs were superior candidates for destroying skin cancer, with IC50 of 93.88 ± 1 µg mL−1 ZnO NPs. Thus, rod-shaped ZnO NPs are promising, highly biocompatible candidate for biological and biomedical applications. Furthermore, both shapes of phyto-synthesized NPs demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. The outcomes highlight the potential of phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs as an eco-friendly alternative for water and wastewater disinfection.

The Mediterranean Region registers an increasing prevalence of obesity. The region lacks a diet screener to assess obesogenic nutrients. This study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and validity of the Modified Mediterranean Prime Screen (MMPS) in estimating obesogenic nutrients' intake among women of reproductive age, as compared with a culturally validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ), in Lebanon. We developed the MMPS consisting of thirty-two food/beverage items specific to the Lebanese Mediterranean culture. The MMPS and FFQ were administered in two visits (2 weeks–6 months apart), face to face and via telephone during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. The reproducibility and validity of the MMPS were assessed using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) and Pearson's correlations, respectively. The study included 143 women, aged 31·5 (sd 4·6) years, BMI 24·2 (sd 4·0) kg/m2, 87 % with university education and 91 % food secure. The reproducibility of the MMPS was moderate for energy and all assessed nutrients except for SFA (ICC = 0·428). The agreement of the MMPS with the reference FFQ was adequate for energy and obesogenic nutrients. Yet, the Pearson correlations for energy-adjusted nutrient intake were low for trans-fatty acids (0·294) and PUFA (0·377). The MMPS can be a time-efficient tool for dietary assessment of energy and many obesogenic nutrients. Future studies should validate the MMPS across the lifespan and re-evaluate it after updating the fatty acid profiles in the culturally specific food composition tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive use of pesticides is among the main drivers of biodiversity loss, especially of insects. Here, field concentrations of chemical synthetic pesticides were measured in soil and carabid beetles in a vineyard (VP) and olive grove (OP), in two consecutive years. The aim was to determine if active ingredients in pesticides applied in the field accumulate in carabids and how this correlates with treatment intensity. Carabids and soil samples were collected at a vineyard and olive grove in Zadar County in Croatia, soil in 2018 and 2019 and carabids in 2019. Both were under integrated pest management (IPM), with a total of 34 pesticides applied, between January and August in the two years of this study. Using LC-MS/MS, a broad range of pesticides, mainly fungicides, was detected in the soil and carabids. In soil samples, boscalid (0.047 mg/kg), mandipropamid (0.08 mg/kg), fluopyram (0.09 mg/kg), cyprodinil (0.09 mg/kg) and tebuconazole (0.13 mg/kg) were detected in the highest amounts. In addition, nine substances were detected in carabids, with valiphenalate (0.048 mg/kg), difenoconazole (0.051 mg/kg) and azoxystrobin (0.064 mg/kg) in the highest concentrations. Bioaccumulation factor (BAF) indicated the accumulation of valiphenalate, metalaxyl-M, spiroxamine and difenoconazole in carabids. Data measured directly in the field revealed the accumulation of pesticides in carabids, which indicates they could be good bioindicators in IPM and contribute to a better understanding of the distribution of pesticides in Mediterranean agroecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater is a significant source of water supply, especially with depleted and quality-deteriorated surface water. The number of drilled boreholes for groundwater has been increased, but erroneous results often occur while selecting sites for digging boreholes. This makes it necessary to follow a science-based method indicating potential zones for groundwater storage. The LithoSFR Model is a systematic approach we built to create an indicative map with various categories for potential groundwater sites. It is based mainly on retrieved geospatial data from satellite images and from available thematic maps, plus borehole data. The geospatial data were systematically manipulated in a GIS with multi-criteria applications. The novelty of this model includes the empirical calculation of the level each controlling factor (i.e., weights and rates), as well as the LithoSFR Model, adopting new factors in its design. This study was applied on a representative Mediterranean region, i.e., Lebanon. Results showed that 44% of the studied region is characterized by a very high to high potentiality for groundwater storage, mainly in areas with fractured and karstified carbonate rocks. The obtained results from the produced map were compared with datasets which were surveyed from representative boreholes to identify the discharge in the dug boreholes, and then to compare them with the potential zones in the produced map The reliability of the produced map exceeded 87%, making it a significant tool to identify potential zones for groundwater investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ants, keystone organisms of the nature, show great diversity in the Mediterranean basin. In addition to the mainland, the islands of the Mediterranean countries have great importance and species diversity in terms of ants. In the present study, the ant fauna of Bozcaada, the third largest island of Türkiye was investigated. Ant specimens were collected from Bozcaada in 2018-2019 by means of the aspirator. As a result of evaluation of 700 ant samples collected from the island, 60 species belonging to 4 subfamilies and 22 genera were identified. Among these, the subfamily Ponerinae, 10 genera and 48 species were recorded for the first time for the ant fauna of Bozcaada. The ant faunas of the Greek islands Samos, Chios and Lesbos, which are located closer to the Turkish mainland than the Turkish islands, Bozcaada and Gökçeada were compared with the Bray-Curtis similarity analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermal indices and thermal comfort maps have great importance in developing health-minded climate action strategies and livable urban layouts. Especially in cities where vulnerability to heatwaves is high, it is necessary to detect the most appropriate indicators for the regional characteristics and action planning with respect to thermal comfort. The aim of the study is to examine thermal indices as indicators of regional climate characteristics by relating to meteorological parameters and spatial features. Atmospheric variables including air temperature, wind speed, cloud cover, and relative humidity data were obtained from 30 meteorological stations located in districts having different climatic features. Heat stress levels for apparent temperature (AT), heat index (HI), wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), physiological equivalent temperature (PET), universal thermal climate index (UTCI), and perceived temperature (PT) indices were calculated and associated with meteorological parameters. Thermal comfort maps have been created with the daily mean and maximum values of all indices. As a result, the meteorological parameters with the strongest correlation with all thermal indices are air temperature (Ta) with r = 0.89 ± 0.01 and mean radiant temperature (Tmrt) with r = 0.75 ± 0.16. The differences in thermal stress levels over the city have been distinctively observed in the ATmax, PETmax, and PTmax maps, which are generated by the daily maximum values of the indices. Çatalca, where forests cover large areas compared to highly urbanized districts, has the lowest heat stress defined by all indices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previous study of Narcissus species on the Maltese Islands had suggested the existence of a natural hybridogenous species. A fresh study on Narcissus in Malta was conducted in 2021 and 2023 with the primary aim of studying the previously reported populations of intermediate forms and to update the taxonomy of Narcissus in Malta. Four main taxa of native species were identified: N. deficiens, two distinct morphotypes of N. tazetta, and a new hybrid species. The species identified as N. deficiens replaces records of N. serotinus and N. obsoletus. One of the two morphotypes ("autumn-flowering") is now combined as subsp. aequilimbus (previously described from Maltese material as Hermione aequilimba) and the other one ("spring-flowering") corresponds to subsp. tazetta. The new hybrid is derived from N. deficiens and N. tazetta and is named N × briffae. This hybrid was previously incorrectly reported as N. elegans. Detailed morphometric analysis and ecological data justify these new taxonomic appraisals. A dichotomous identification key for eight Narcissus taxa (including non-native ones) is provided to facilitate the identification of the occurring and doubtful species recorded on the Maltese Islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coleostephus myconis (L.) Cass. ex Rchb. subsp. discolor (Guss.) Arrigoni (Asteraceae, Asteroideae, Anthemideae) has been previously reported to occur naturally in western Italy and its Mediterranean islands. In 2013, native populations of Coleostephus myconis subsp. discolor were recorded for the first time in Tunisia. This is also the first report of this taxon to North Africa. In Tunisia, Coleostephus myconis subsp. discolor grows in coastal areas, on open clayey soils, and in communities of thermophilous herbs. The two populations observed are relatively small, covering 1000 m² and 3000 m². Further records of this taxon in other localities in neighbouring countries in North Africa are highly probable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste (MSW) compost represents a sustainable alternative to plastic film for mulching in viticulture. This study investigated the effects of MSW compost on vineyard soil properties, specifically focusing on side effects such as soil temperature and microbial decomposition activity, independently from its role in weed control. The experiment was conducted in a vineyard located in the Mediterranean region (Southern Italy), with six different mulching treatments: black polyethylene (PE) film, black and white biodegradable film, three different amounts of MSW compost (8, 15, and 22 kg plant−1), and a control without mulching. Weed growth was monitored to determine the optimal compost application amount. The 15 kg plant−1 treatment was selected for further analyses, as it did not significantly impact weed growth compared to the control. Results indicated that MSW compost mulching maintained lower soil temperatures compared to other treatments (up to 5 °C in the warmest hours) and reduced the amplitude of the thermal wave up to 50% compared to the non-mulched soil and even more compared to black film mulched soil, particularly during the warmest periods. This suggests that MSW compost can mitigate heat stress on plant roots, potentially enhancing plant resilience and preserving crop production also in stressful growing conditions. Microbial decomposition activity, assessed using the tea bag index, was higher in the MSW compost treatment during spring compared to the control, indicating temperature as a key driver for organic matter decomposition, but this effect disappeared during summer. These findings highlight the potential of MSW compost to support sustainable viticulture by reducing reliance on synthetic mulching materials and promoting environmental sustainability through the recycling of organic municipal waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The division and evaluation of data series used in monitoring drought into different time intervals is a practical approach to detecting the spatial and temporal extent of drought spread. This study aimed to determine meteorological drought's spatial and temporal distribution using overlapping and consecutive periods and cycles of the standardized precipitation index (SPI) time series in the Mediterranean region, Turkey. In the scope of the research, SPI values for the SPI12, SPI6 (1), and SPI6 (2) seasons were calculated for consecutive and overlapping hydrological years (1978–1998/21 years, 1978–2008/31 years, and 1978–2018/41 years) at 28 meteorological stations. Autocorrelation, Mann–Kendall, and Sen slope trend tests were applied at a 5% significance level for each season (SPI12, SPI6 (1), and SPI6 (2)) and different time scales (21, 31, and 41 years). For each season and period, maps of the SPI drought class, average formation of drought class, Mann–Kendall (MK) trend, and Sen's slope (SS) trend test statistics for the Mediterranean region were obtained, and the spatial distribution rate of trends was determined by drawing hypsometric curves. Changes in drought occurrence at different time scales were thoroughly evaluated with the changing length of data recording. Consequently, it was determined that the mild wet (MIW) and mild drought (MID) classes dominate the study area in the Mediterranean region. Significant and nonstationary changes detected in extreme wet and drought occurrences (extreme wet, EW; severe wet, SW; extreme drought, ED; severe drought, SD) were found to pose a risk in the study area. It was observed that there were spatially and temporally insignificant decreasing drought trends in the Mediterranean basin, considering that the time scales of these trends slowed down. Despite a nonsignificant trend from the MID drought class to the MIW drought class, it is predicted that the MIW and MID classes will maintain their dominance in the Mediterranean region. The central part of the study area (central Mediterranean basin) is the region with the highest drought risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mistletoes are hemiparasites that modify how trees cope with drought by impairing the relationships between water, carbon, and nutrients within the tree. Thus, mistletoes endanger the vitality and persistence of trees in drought-prone regions, such as the Mediterranean Basin. Here, we evaluated radial growth patterns and drought sensitivity of Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.) trees from which mistletoe was removed ca. two decades ago (MRTs) with control; currently infested trees (MCTs) from a semi-arid region in NE Spain. Growth showed negative trends in both tree classes since the 1980s concurrent with progressive aridification and aggravated by mistletoe infestation, as indicated by the positive effect of mistletoe removal on the growth of MRT trees. Water availability during the previous autumn and winter and current spring and early summer drove growth. Climate–growth correlations were similar between tree classes before treatment, but after mistletoe removal, precipitation became significant in MCT trees but not in MRT trees. Likewise, the impact of drought on growth changed through time: it increased until the late 20th century and then decreased in the MRT trees, which showed higher resistance and resilience against post-treatment droughts. This study provides evidence of the long-term positive effect of mistletoe removal on radial growth in semi-arid pine forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact of conventional and sustainable olive oil production methods on export levels in ten Mediterranean countries from 2011 to 2022. Using panel-corrected standard errors (PCSE) and feasible generalized least squares (FGLS), the analysis explores relationships between export quantity, production volume, average annual rainfall, and export levels. The countries are divided into two sub-panels: conventional and sustainable practices. Results reveal a significant positive relationship between export quantity and export levels. In the sustainable sub-panel, the production volume and export relationship are positive but insignificant, while in the conventional sub-panel, it is negative and insignificant. Average annual rainfall positively influences export levels in the conventional panel but has an insignificant effect in the sustainable panel. The study recommends adopting sustainable practices to enhance export levels due to their positive economic and environmental outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exotic allergenic species constitute an important element of global change and are an emergent health issue in Europe due to their potential allergenicity. The grass pollen season is of great importance from the allergic point of view because it includes pollen from ubiquitous species which are responsible for high sensitization rates. In this study, we used flowering phenology data for dominant grass species in the city of Madrid (Spain) and airborne pollen data to explore differences between native and exotic species and their potential contribution to the observed peaks of pollen exposure. We found that exotic grasses flowered later than Mediterranean native grasses, and that ornamental grass species (such as Cortaderia selloana and Pennisetum villosum) cause an unusual second pollen season in autumn with implications for public health. These results support the need to coordinate the efforts of plant ecologists and aerobiologists to protect the population by identifying sources of allergenic pollen and sustain the appropriate urban plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although, different plant species were utilized for the fabrication of polymorphic, hexagonal, spherical, and nanoflower ZnO NPs with various diameters, few studies succeeded in synthesizing small diameter ZnO nanorods from plant extract at ambient temperature. This work sought to pioneer the ZnO NPs fabrication from the aqueous extract of a Mediterranean salt marsh plant species Limoniastrum monopetalum (L.) Boiss. and assess the role of temperature in the fabrication process. Various techniques have been used to evaluate the quality and physicochemical characteristics of ZnO NPs. Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV–VIS) was used as the primary test for formation confirmation. TEM analysis confirmed the formation of two different shapes of ZnO NPs, nano-rods and near hexagonal NPs at varying reaction temperatures. The nano-rods were about 25.3 and 297.9 nm in diameter and in length, respectively while hexagonal NPs were about 29.3 nm. The UV–VIS absorption spectra of the two forms of ZnO NPs produced were 370 and 365 nm for nano-rods and hexagonal NPs, respectively. FT-IR analysis showed Zn–O stretching at 642 cm−1 and XRD confirmed the crystalline structure of the produced ZnO NPs. Thermogravimetric analysis; TGA was also used to confirm the thermal stability of ZnO NPs. The anti-tumor activities of the two prepared ZnO NPs forms were investigated by the MTT assay, which revealed an effective dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on A-431 cell lines. Both forms displayed considerable antioxidant potential, particularly the rod-shaped ZnO NPs, with an IC50 of 148.43 µg mL−1. The rod-shaped ZnO NPs were superior candidates for destroying skin cancer, with IC50 of 93.88 ± 1 µg mL−1 ZnO NPs. Thus, rod-shaped ZnO NPs are promising, highly biocompatible candidate for biological and biomedical applications. Furthermore, both shapes of phyto-synthesized NPs demonstrated effective antimicrobial activity against various pathogens. The outcomes highlight the potential of phyto-synthesized ZnO NPs as an eco-friendly alternative for water and wastewater disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Search and Rescue (SAR) in the Central Mediterranean has been at the center of the European debate on migration management of the past decade. In response to the challenges posed by maritime rescue operations, European governments have increasingly centralized their efforts through Frontex operations, departing from the previous collaborative framework with SAR NGOs that was established in the aftermath of the Lampedusa shipwreck. The political discourse has predominantly focused on the designation and definition of a Port of Safety, sidelining the imperative need for an effective SAR infrastructure, leading to life-threatening impasses at sea, and also leading to the complete disregard for the agency and will of cities. While the cooperation between governments, cities, and civil society organizations has been at the center of successful decentralized migration management efforts on land, a contrasting trend of centralization and diminished cooperation has emerged at sea in the Central Mediterranean. The article argues that the European Union's shift from SAR-oriented efforts to border management has resulted in heightened inefficiencies within the Mediterranean SAR infrastructure. This inefficiency is attributed to the diminished collaboration with NGOs and local entities. Utilizing the category of resilience as a theoretical framework of migration management, the article will address the role of cities and NGOs in the creation of a coordinated SAR system in the Mediterranean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Despite their importance in reducing maternal mortality, information on access to Mifepristone, Misoprostol, and contraceptive medicines in the Eastern Mediterranean Region is limited. Methods: A standardized assessment tool measuring access to Mifepristone, Misoprostol, and contraceptive medicines included in the WHO essential medicines list (EML) was implemented in eight countries in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Palestine, Pakistan, and Somalia) between 2020–2021. The assessment focused on five access measures: 1) the inclusion of medicines in national family planning guidelines; 2) inclusion of medicines in comprehensive abortion care guidelines; 3) inclusion of medicines on national essential medicines lists; 4) medicines registration; and 5) procurement and forecasting of Mifepristone, Misoprostol, and contraceptive medicines. A descriptive analysis of findings from these eight national assessments was conducted. Results: Only Lebanon and Pakistan included all 12 contraceptives that are enlisted in the WHO-EML within their national family planning guidelines. Only Afghanistan and Lebanon included mifepristone and mifepristone-misoprostol combination in post-abortion care guidelines, but these medicines were not included in their national EMLs. Libya and Somalia lacked a national regulatory authority for medicines registration. Most contraceptives included on the national EMLs for Lebanon, Morocco and Pakistan were registered. Misoprostol was included on the EMLs—and registered—in six countries (Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, and Pakistan). However, only three countries procured misoprostol (Iraq, Morocco, and Somalia). Conclusion: These findings can guide efforts aimed at improving the availability of Mifepristone, Misoprostol, and contraceptive medicines in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. Opportunities include expanding national EMLs to include more options for Mifepristone, Misoprostol, and contraceptive medicines and strengthening the registration and procurement systems to ensure these medicines' availability were permitted under national law and where culturally acceptable. Plain English summary: Ensuring access to Mifepristone, Misoprostol, and contraceptive medicines is critical to improving women's health, and more specifically reducing maternal mortality and improving women's sexual and reproductive health in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. The aim of this study was to analyse findings from national assessments to capture information on the implementation of relevant policies and procedures. Those were the policies that ensure access to Mifepristone, Misoprostol, and contraceptive medicines in the public sector for the eight Eastern Mediterranean Region countries included in the study (Afghanistan, Iraq, Libya, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, Pakistan, and Somalia). The assessments were completed between 2020 and 2021. We found that most countries did not include all twelve contraceptives enlisted in the WHO essential medicines list (EML) in their national family planning guidelines. No country had developed a national abortion care guidelines nor included mifepristone (alone or in combination with misoprostol) on national EML. Libya and Somalia lacked a national regulatory authority for medicines registration. Most contraceptives included on the national EMLs for Lebanon, Morocco and Pakistan were registered. Misoprostol was included on the EMLs—and registered—in six countries (Afghanistan, Iraq, Lebanon, Morocco, Palestine, and Pakistan) yet, only three countries procured misoprostol (Iraq, Morocco, and Somalia). Our findings provide evidence on system-level barriers to availability of Mifepristone, Misoprostol, and contraceptive medicines (e.g., lack of guidelines or inclusion on EML, lack of registration and procurement) that can support policy and advocacy efforts to strengthen the pharmaceutical sector to better ensure availability of Mifepristone, Misoprostol, and contraceptive medicines to women in reproductive age at the country-level in accordance with the national law and prevailing culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and ams: Despite the evident public health impact, the extent and patterns of alcohol use in the Eastern Mediterranean countries remain understudied. The latest estimation for the last 12‐month use of alcohol in the region was 2.9% in 2016 by the World Health Organization. We reviewed the main indicators for alcohol consumption in the region since 2010. Methods: We systematically searched on‐line databases until September 2023, together with other global and regional sources for studies on the adult general population (aged ≥ 15 years) and young general populations (aged < 18 years) and studies on the treatment‐seeking individuals with substance use in Eastern Mediterranean countries. Studies were included from 22 countries: Afghanistan, Bahrain, Djibouti, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Somalia, Sudan, Syria, Tunisia, United Arab Emirates and Yemen. Results: A total of 148 were included (n = 95 on the prevalence of alcohol use, n = 46 on the prevalence of alcohol use disorder, regular use and heavy episodic drinking, n = 35 on alcohol use pattern among people who use substances and one report on alcohol per capita consumption, n = 29 had data for more than one category). The pooled prevalence of the last 12‐month alcohol use in the adult general population was 9.5% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 6.4–13.7] among males, 2.8% (95% CI = 1.3–5.5\) among females and 6.2% (95% CI = 3.9–9.6) in both sexes in the region, with notable subregional variations. Data on the prevalence of alcohol use disorder and heavy drinking were limited to several countries, with heterogeneous indicators. The pooled estimate of alcohol as the primary substance of use among treatment‐seeking people who used substances was 16.9% (95% CI = 8.8–26.9). Conclusions: More than 30 million adults in the Eastern Mediterranean region used alcohol in the last 12 months, with a prevalence of 6.2%. This is far fewer than the global estimate of 43% of the population aged 15 years and above, but is approximately two times more than the previous estimate (2.9%), reported by the World Health Organization in 2016, which might show an increasing trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long considered a cultural contact zone, the Mediterranean has become a weaponised border zone keeping refugees from Africa and the Middle East away from 'Fortress Europe'. The Mediterranean has become excessively dangerous to cross, leading many commentators to call this maritime space a 'massive graveyard'. The widespread indifference and enmity towards migrants in Europe is, amongst other things, countered by documentary and commemorative projects by artists drawing attention to the suffering of drowned refugees. In this paper, I zoom in on documentary and memorial artistic projects by Mimmo Paladino, Jason deCaires Taylor, Christoph Büchel, Ai Weiwei and Đỉnh Q. Lê. In the frequent absence of dead bodies and specific grave sites on the 'high seas', they make claims regarding the humanity, singularity and memorability of the human lives of refugees drowned at sea. Based on a description of the artworks and their public, I make two interlinked theoretical arguments. First, the commemorative materialisations by contemporary artists are temporal claims to constitute the cultural heritage of the future. Second, given the sea's aquatic materiality, the commemorative claims of these art projects require that commemorative materialisations must spatially move from the flux of the sea to the fixity of the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing interest in the circular economy poses a pivotal challenge for the tourism sector. A measurement framework is crucial for guiding the actors of the tourism sector in the development of a long-term strategy for a circular transition. Based on action research, where researchers and practitioners collaborate with each other, a co-created measurement framework was developed based on four types of capital and five circular economy principles. An assessment tool based on 54 Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) was then developed and tested in nine tourism destinations in the Mediterranean region. The framework was further fine-tuned through expert feedback and practitioners support, leading to the final Circular Measurement System for tourism destinations. This represents a solid and stakeholder-based measurement system to assess the circularity of tourism destinations, tangibly promoting the transition of the sector towards a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Global warming is one of the most pressing challenges of our time, contributing to climate change effects and with far-reaching implications for built environments. The main aim of this study is to assess the extent to which Annaba city, Algeria, as part of the Mediterranean region, is affected by global climate change and its broader influences. The study investigated climatic shifts in Annaba city, using a multi-step methodology integrating data collection and analysis techniques. Data collection included 23 years of climate data (2000–2023) from Annaba's meteorological station, on-site measurements of microclimatic variations, and a questionnaire survey. The collected data underwent four main analyses: a time series analysis to describe climate parameters over 23 years, a statistical analysis to predict potential future climatic conditions (2024–2029) and the correlation of various climatic variables using specialized bioclimate tools to highlight seasonal variability, a spatial study of the urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon and perceived climatic shifts, and an analysis of extreme weather events characterizing heat atmospheric events in the context of urban climate change in the Mediterranean region. The findings revealed a consistent warming trend in Annaba city, with prolonged extreme climate conditions observed, particularly in the last four years (2020–2023). Significant temperature fluctuations were emphasized, notably in July 2023, with record-breaking maximum temperatures reaching 48.2 °C, the hottest on record with an increase of 3.8 °C, and presenting challenges amplified by the urban heat island effect, causing temperature differentials of up to 6 °C within built-up areas. Projections for 2029 suggest a tendency towards heightened aridity with a significant shift towards a new climate seasonality featuring two distinct main seasons—moderate and hot challenging. The abrupt disruption of calm weather conditions in Annaba on 24 July 2023 highlighted the influence of atmospheric circulation within the Mediterranean region featured for both anticyclones and atmospheric blocking phenomena on local weather patterns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the European Mediterranean Region, palm trees are a common element in cities and semi-urban landscapes and have become important habitat structures for local fauna. This study aimed to monitor the invertebrate and vertebrate fauna occurring on and associated with ornamental palms of the genus Phoenix, over the course of one year. Five study sites were used in southern Spain, with varying levels of management. Several complementary methods were applied monthly in order to assess the vertebrates and invertebrates associated with the full seasonal cycle of palms, including flowering and fruiting. The study resulted in the identification of 216 invertebrate families from seven different classes and 89 vertebrate species, consisting of 62 bird, 20 mammal (including bats), six reptile and one amphibian species associated with Phoenix palms. It thus highlights that Phoenix palms provide a habitat for many species and individuals over the course of one year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Nursing students must be able to detect the standpoints and demands of various sorts of individuals, as well as be competent in taking into account individual emotional reactions, self-confidence, stress management, and social role promotion. Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-esteem among fourth-year nursing students. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study. Data were collected from 225 nursing students through a convenience sampling method in spring 2023 at Arab American University. The instruments of the study included "Schutte Self Report Emotional Intelligence Test" and the "Rosenberg self-esteem scale." Results: The analysis indicated that the emotional intelligence mean was 151.3 ± 1.9 (ranging from 33 to 165), which is high. Also, the analysis indicated that the self-esteem of the nursing students was high 24.3 ± 3.5 (ranging from 0 to 30). Furthermore, the analysis showed that there was a moderately positive relationship between nurses' emotional intelligence and self-esteem. Conclusion: The emotional intelligence and self-esteem among fourth-year nursing students were high. Also, self-esteem was found to have a moderately positive relationship with emotional intelligence and utilizing emotions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the effects of commercialization on the essentially local and seemingly long-standing Mamuthones masking tradition based in the village of Mamoiada in the Sardinian highlands, a tradition customarily set on January 17. The tradition involves adult males clad in dark skin costumes, scarves, and hand-carved black masks, along with between twenty-five and thirty kilograms of bells. The figures in question annually process through the town, led by other figures (Issohadores) dressed in red with white masks. The tradition has recently found itself being turned not only into a national symbol, but also a model for other similar masking traditions in other villages. Today, all over the island, one encounters numerous souvenirs based on the Mamuthones tradition which also attracts a number of tourists, seemingly turning what was once a local event into a more public heritage performance. This article is based on interviews taken with a number of those involved in the tradition at different levels and discusses what local people feel about these changes. Particular attention is paid to the question of how the local people feel they can preserve the 'original' local meaning of the tradition in the face of these recent developments., MASKS AND MUMMING activities, and questions of performance, have long interested me. (1) It is an interest that goes back to early childhood and led to me eventually studying Drama [...]

The agricultural practice of burning straw or vine stem is widespread in the Mediterranean to control excess biomass. Although the practice is widespread, the long-term effects on the structure of the flora, natural ecological restoration and the impact on biodiversity remain poorly understood and researched. Mediterranean species have post-fire ecological strategies, such as the ability to resprout, the persistence of the seed bank, or the ability to grow or disperse. In this work, an abandoned agricultural field (AAF) was burned by an induced fire. Fifteen rings (diameter 0.2 m2) were established on the studied area, five for each variant: I. unburned (UB), II. moderately intensive (MB) and III. high intensive (HB). The results showed that the functional group (FG) of grasses dominated in the MB variant, in contrast to the dominance of legumes in the HB variant. Compared to the AAF, the number of grasses FG slightly decreased in both burn variants (MB, HB). The predominant strategy was competitors (C), followed by ruderal plants (R), the number of which increased slightly after burning in the MB and HB variants, while stress tolerance decreased significantly in both variants. These results indicate that the intensity of HB does not promote the survival of grasses in the first year after burning, while legumes and grasses are more resistant to higher fire intensity and therefore have a higher chance of survival. In summary, the burning of straw or vine stem on AAF initiates complex ecological processes that shape the landscape and can significantly influence the biodiversity of the area.

ABSTRACTProcess-based Forest Models (PBFMs) offer the possibility to capture important spatial and temporal patterns of carbon fluxes and stocks in forests. Yet, their predictive capacity should be demonstrated not only at the stand-level but also in the context of broad spatial and temporal heterogeneity. We apply a stand scale PBFM (3D-CMCC-FEM) in a spatially explicit manner at 1 km resolution in southern Italy. We developed a methodology to initialize the model that includes information derived from the integration of Remote Sensing (RS) and the National Forest Inventory (NFI) data and regional forest maps to characterize structural features of the main forest species. Gross primary production (GPP) is simulated over 2005–2019 period and the model predictive capability of the model in simulating GPP is evaluated both aggregated as at species-level through multiple independent data sources based on different nature RS-based products. We show that the model is able to reproduce most of the spatial (~2800 km2) and temporal (32 years in total) patterns of the observed GPP at both seasonal, annual and interannual time scales, even at the species-level. These promising results open the possibility of confindently applying the 3D-CMCC-FEM to investigate the forests’ behaviour under climate and environmental variability over large areas across highly variable ecological and bio-geographical heterogeneity of the Mediterranean region.