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The objective of the current article is to probe entropy generation in EMHD thermal transports of hybrid nanofluid which has indeed been enhanced by better thermal transfer to handle growing heat density of tiny and other technological operations. Non-Newtonian fluids like Casson and Williamson are encrypted for this present physical model and also in the blood, gold (Au) and silver (Ag) are hybridized to form an extremely diluted, homogeneous combination. The non-linear PDE system of equations are synthesized into an ordinary differential system via appropriate self-similarity variables, which are then computed by utilizing the homotopy perturbation technique. Visual representations are used to demonstrate the effects of various factors. With a few exceptions, the model's study results are pretty close to those found in the literature. For various profiles, with the influence of active parameters, the results are displayed graphically. This shows that when the parameters of magnetic, Casson and Williamson fluids are inclined, the radial and azimuthal velocity profiles decrease, sharply it attains contradiction phenomena to the increasing electric field inputs. Entropy production increases for magnetic fields and the Bejan number exhibits declination. The predictions are pertinent to the delivery of targeted nanoparticle drugs in hematology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late Cretaceous granitoids are developed in the eastern and western districts of the Gejiu ore district, but tin deposits mainly occur in the eastern district, and the reasons for the difference in mineralization between the eastern and western districts are still controversial. Considering the main factors controlling granite Sn fertility, the whole-rock geochemical characteristics of granites on both sides are compared. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses of the Gejiu granites yielded two age periods: the early phase from 79.2 to 83.3 Ma and the later phase from 73.8 to 75.6 Ma. The western district granites have higher zircon εHf(t), CaO/Na2O, Ba, and Sr concentrations and lower Rb/Sr ratios than the eastern district granites, indicating that the western district granites have more mantle-derived materials in the source than the eastern district granites. Results of oxygen fugacity show that the western granites have a higher oxygen fugacity condition. More depleted Ba, Sr, P, Eu and Ti characteristics with obviously negative Eu anomalies in the eastern granites also have high Rb/Sr ratios and low Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, indicating that the eastern granites experienced highly magmatic differentiation, attributed to high volatile F contents that can reduce the viscosity and solidus of magma. Combined with the differences in field observations and structural styles, on the whole, the western district granites have higher oxygen fugacities and lower F contents and magmatic differentiation than those in the eastern district granites, indicating that the western district granites are not conducive to mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we take into account tangent hyperbolic nanofluid flow along a moving stretched surface with thermal radiation, exothermic/endothermic chemical reaction and activation energy effects under melting condition. Governing PDE are transformed to dimensionless non-linear ODE with the add of appropriate similarity variables. The resulting non-linear ODE are solved numerically. The flow parameters influences on the fluid’s velocity, temperature, and concentration distributions are investigated. The results revealed that temperature profile is declining while concentration and velocity profiles are increasing for enhancing melting parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glassy samples from the undoped ternary system Na2O–ZnO–P2O5 in combination with other samples from the same system doped with variable amounts of MoO3 (0.25, 0.5, or 1 gm/batch) were successfully melted under ordinary, oxidizing, or reducing conditions followed by annealing. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric measurements in combination with optical absorption spectra were recorded before and after doping with variable concentrations of MoO3 in multiple melting media both as prepared or after being subjected to (8 Mrad) gamma irradiation dose. The studied spectral properties of the glasses were correlated with variations with the existing valence state of the Mo ions and the effects of gamma irradiation on the optical spectra and IR vibrational bands together with the role of the condition of melting the batches. The optical spectra of the glasses reveal pronounced UV and visible bands due to trace iron (Fe3+) ions as impurities or the sharing of the low valence states of the added molybdenum ions. The FTIR peaks show condensed spectra of phosphate groups (Q2, Q3), and the effects of dopant are limited because of low percent. Gamma irradiation causes distinct variations in the undoped spectra, but the MoO3-doped glasses show some shielding behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glassy samples from the undoped ternary system Na2O–ZnO–P2O5 in combination with other samples from the same system doped with variable amounts of MoO3 (0.25, 0.5, or 1 gm/batch) were successfully melted under ordinary, oxidizing, or reducing conditions followed by annealing. Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometric measurements in combination with optical absorption spectra were recorded before and after doping with variable concentrations of MoO3 in multiple melting media both as prepared or after being subjected to (8 Mrad) gamma irradiation dose. The studied spectral properties of the glasses were correlated with variations with the existing valence state of the Mo ions and the effects of gamma irradiation on the optical spectra and IR vibrational bands together with the role of the condition of melting the batches. The optical spectra of the glasses reveal pronounced UV and visible bands due to trace iron (Fe3+) ions as impurities or the sharing of the low valence states of the added molybdenum ions. The FTIR peaks show condensed spectra of phosphate groups (Q2, Q3), and the effects of dopant are limited because of low percent. Gamma irradiation causes distinct variations in the undoped spectra, but the MoO3-doped glasses show some shielding behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late Cretaceous granitoids are developed in the eastern and western districts of the Gejiu ore district, but tin deposits mainly occur in the eastern district, and the reasons for the difference in mineralization between the eastern and western districts are still controversial. Considering the main factors controlling granite Sn fertility, the whole-rock geochemical characteristics of granites on both sides are compared. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb analyses of the Gejiu granites yielded two age periods: the early phase from 79.2 to 83.3 Ma and the later phase from 73.8 to 75.6 Ma. The western district granites have higher zircon εHf(t), CaO/Na2O, Ba, and Sr concentrations and lower Rb/Sr ratios than the eastern district granites, indicating that the western district granites have more mantle-derived materials in the source than the eastern district granites. Results of oxygen fugacity show that the western granites have a higher oxygen fugacity condition. More depleted Ba, Sr, P, Eu and Ti characteristics with obviously negative Eu anomalies in the eastern granites also have high Rb/Sr ratios and low Nb/Ta and Zr/Hf ratios, indicating that the eastern granites experienced highly magmatic differentiation, attributed to high volatile F contents that can reduce the viscosity and solidus of magma. Combined with the differences in field observations and structural styles, on the whole, the western district granites have higher oxygen fugacities and lower F contents and magmatic differentiation than those in the eastern district granites, indicating that the western district granites are not conducive to mineralization.

An increment in HT ht is noticed for higher values of I i (see Fig. [Extracted from the article]

The eastern North China Craton is known for replacement of refractory lithospheric mantle by fertile one relevant to the (Paleo-) Pacific subduction. However, the formation mechanism of the fertile mantle domain remains enigmatic, thus hindering profound understanding of the associated lithosphere-asthenosphere interaction. To explore the deep dynamic processes, we present petrology, in-situ element and Sr isotopic data on spinel peridotite xenoliths entrained by the Cenozoic basalt in the Qingyuan county, Liaoning Provence. The Qingyuan mantle xenoliths can be categorized into two groups based on textural characteristics and mineral compositions. Group A peridotites consist of lherzolites containing patch of fine-grained aggregates and have low olivine Fo (100×Mg/(Mg + Fe) ≤ 89, atomic ratios) and mineral major-element composition trends deviating from residual mantle. The coarse-grained clinopyroxenes outside the patch and the patch-hosted fine-grained clinopyroxenes and amphiboles display similar light rare earth element (LREE)-enriched patterns and comparable 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7035–0.7039, 0.7040–0.7062 and 0.7029–0.7033, respectively). These characteristics suggest that Group A peridotites may represent fragments of lithospheric mantle strongly modified by melt impregnation. In contrast, Group B xenoliths, typically lherzolites, have protogranular texture without the patches of fine-grained aggregates. The olivines have moderate Fo (ca. 90–91) and mineral major-element compositions highly resembling melting residua. The melting is estimated to occur at about 1370–1590 °C and 2–4 GPa, corresponding to mantle potential temperatures of around 1450–1550 °C. The clinopyroxenes show variably enriched REE patterns and depleted 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7020–0.7044). These peridotites are thus interpreted as fragments of residual lithospheric mantle transformed from small-scale asthenospheric upwelling. Diffusion modeling of trace elements in clinopyroxenes suggests ubiquitous Mesozoic-Cenozoic metasomatism in the studied peridotites. Combining with other Cenozoic basalt-borne peridotite xenoliths from the eastern NCC and associated tectonic setting, we conclude that the fertile lithospheric mantle domains with different metasomatic features may be transformed from variably auto-metasomatized asthenospheric upwelling. That is, the subduction-related small-scale upwelling not only leaves behind residual domains with weak metasomatism but also produces mantle regions strongly infiltrated by the decompressional melts. This model links the mantle domains of different formation mechanisms to coherent geodynamic processes and emphasizes the complex mantle processes associated with the fluctuated lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary. • Qingyuan peridotite xenoliths are fertile and variably metasomatized. • Melting conditions and metasomatic ages of the xenoliths are circumvented. • The sampled lithosphere was transformed from auto-metasomatized asthenosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spreadable processed cheese (SPC) with addition of rutin or quercetin (0.5 g/100 g) were prepared at 80 °C and 90 °C for 1, 5 and 10 min. The effect of melting temperature and holding time of melting temperature on the quercetin/rutin retention, total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity was studied. It was found that quercetin levels significantly decreased with the increase of holding time (P < 0.01) while rutin degradation was more affected by melting temperature (P < 0.01). An increase in TPC values and a decrease in antioxidant capacity measured by ABTS assay with the increase in melting temperature were observed in SPC with quercetin. The addition of rutin or quercetin significantly decreases the gel strength of the SPC samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presented article is concerned with hybrid nanomaterial (SWCNTs+CuO + Engine oil) by a curved stretched sheet is addressed. Heat transport features in flow is elaborated for melting phenomenon. Darcy-Forchheimer porous medium is employed. Governed flow expressions (PDEs) are transformed into ODEs via suitable transformations. Shooting technique with RK-4 algorithms (bvp4c) is utilized for the numerical study. Graphical visualization of flow, skin frictin, Nusselt number and temperature is addressed. Further comparison of results for hybrid nanomaterial (SWCNTs+CuO + Engine oil), nanomaterial (SWCNTs+Engine Oil) and basefluid (Engine oil) is analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The magnetic alignment of nylon 6 during melt crystallization was studied. The magnetic alignment of the a-form was determined by 2D-WAXD measurements, from which the easy axis of magnetization was estimated to be the a*-axis. The degree of orientation of the magnetically aligned nylon 6 was found to be independent of the melting conditions. Polarized optical microscopy suggests that nylon 6 crystallizes with a high nucleation density under any melting conditions. The induction period for isothermal crystallization increased with increasing melting temperature but the ensuing crystallization was not affected by the melting temperature. These results suggest that the oriented structure, which can be rotated by a magnetic torque, only exists in the initial stages of crystallization, resulting in the same value for the orientation degree for all samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation is carried out to examine stagnation point flow of hybrid nanofluid (SWCNTs + Ag + Gasoline oil) over a stretched sheet of variable thickness. The hybrid nanomaterials are acknowledged more suitable than ordinary nanoliquids. It is no doubt due to combined features of two or more nanoparticles in the hybrid nanomaterial. The idea is useful for enhancement of the properties of resultant nanomaterials better than the nanoliquids consisting of one nanoparticle. Viscous dissipation and melting effect are taken into consideration for heat transport characteristics. Adequate transformations are employed for reduction of PDEs (expressions) into ODEs. These ODEs are then converted into system of first order in order to solve by bvp4c (shooting method). Velocity, skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and temperature are examined graphically for influential parameters. Comparison of hybrid nanofluid (SWCNTs + Ag + Gasoline oil) with nanofluid (SWCNTs + Gasoline oil) and basefluid (Gasoline oil) is also presented graphically. Velocity of fluid enhances via rise in nanoparticle volume fraction for single-walled CNTs, nanoparticle volume fraction for Ag, velocity ratio, wall thickness and melting parameters. Reduction in temperature of fluid occurs with higher Eckert number, nanoparticle volume fraction for CNTs, nanoparticle volume fraction for Ag and melting parameter. Higher velocity ratio parameter controls the skin friction coefficient. Nusselt number rises with an increment in nanoparticle volume fraction for CNTs, velocity ratio parameter and nanoparticle volume fraction for Ag. Moreover during comparative study better performance is noticed for hybrid nanofluid (SWCNTs + Ag + Gasoline oil) over nanofluid (SWCNTs + Gasoline oil) and basefluid (Gasoline oil). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sedimentary carbonates have contributed to the genesis of the Wulongba picrites. • Other picrites were produced by melting of a carbonate-barren plume source. • Mantle potential temperatures for the Emeishan picrites range from 1516 to 1596 °C. • The initial melting pressures for the Emeishan picrites range from 4 to 5 GPa. Like many continental flood basalt (CFB) provinces in the world, the source mantle compositions and melting conditions for generation of the Emeishan CFB are highly debated. We have carried out an integrated Sr-Nd-O-Mg isotopic study of the Emeishan picritic lavas to evaluate possible effects of mantle heterogeneity on the magma composition. Moreover, we have used PRIMELT3 (Herzberg and Asimow, 2015) to calculate the primary magma compositions and melting conditions for these picritic lavas. Picrites from Maoniuping, Tanglanghe and Wuguijing exhibit depleted Sr-Nd isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr i = 0.7038–0.7050; ε Nd = 0.27–3.89), normal mantle-like δ26Mg (−0.27 to −0.2‰) and δ18O (5.0–5.4‰), which can be explained by partial melting of plume materials with negligible contribution of sedimentary carbonates. The Wulongba picrites are characterized by depleted Sr-Nd isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr i = 0.7041–0.7045; ε Nd = 2.57–2.85), slightly lower δ26Mg (−0.36 to −0.23‰) and higher δ18O (5.6–5.7‰), which were attributed to involvement of minor sedimentary carbonates (magnesite) in their mantle source. The calculated mantle potential temperatures for the Emeishan picrites range from 1516 to 1596 °C. The initial melting pressures range from 4 to 5 GPa. The final melting pressures for the Wulongba picrites (2–3 GPa) are lower than those for the Tanglanghe, Maoniuping and Wuguijing picrites (>3 GPa). This suggests that the Wulongba picrites were generated in shallower garnet-spinel transition zone of the upper mantle. Picrites from other three localities are entirely generated in garnet stability field of the upper mantle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphology of primary Al 3 Sc phase in Al-2.2Sc(wt%) was found to be influenced by melting condition. Some representative morphology appeared in large quantities at specific melting temperatures, holding times, and cooling rates. Crystallography of primary phases with various morphologies was researched, and the growth processes of the primary phase were investigated. Deformed cubes and dendrite can be developed from cubes, the butterfly-like particles had multiple layers inside, and repeated eutectic reactions were the main reason for the formation of multilayer structures. Al-2.2Sc(wt%) master alloys with different morphologies of primary Al 3 Sc phase can lead to different refining effects, and the mechanical properties of alloys were consequently influenced. The structure heredity of Al Sc master alloy was proved to be existed, and not influenced by prolonging insulation time and sufficient stirring. Unlabelled Image [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]