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Abstract Background Community commitment through group activities in the community is associated with improved health outcomes in older adults and has a ripple effect on community development. However, factors associated with community commitment through group activities in the community have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine individual factors and group-related factors in association with community commitment among older adult leaders and members of community groups in Japan. Methods We mailed self-administered questionnaires to all older adults participating in a community group (N = 1,898) in a ward of Yokohama city, the largest designated city in Japan. Variables included demographic characteristics, community commitment (Community Commitment Scale), individual factors, and group-related factors. We used logistic regression analysis to assess the association among study variables. Results A total of 1,154 people completed the questionnaire. The valid response rate was 48.8%. Respondents’ mean age was 78.3 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.1, range 65–100 years), 79.6% were women, 55.9% were married, and 10.0% were employed. Factors associated with community commitment among group leaders were scores for self-efficacy in the health promotion scale (SF-15; mean ± SD: 48.5 ± 7.1), 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (mean ± SD: 17.9 ± 4.3), and Lubben Social Network Scale, Japanese version (mean ± SD: 19.5 ± 6.9), as well as a perception of deriving pleasure from group participation (mean ± SD: 91.2 ± 9.4). Factors associated with community commitment among group members were economic status (Sufficient; n [%]: 749 [85.9]), frequency of going out (mean ± SD: 5.1 ± 1.8), years of group participation (mean ± SD: 6.2 ± 5.0), and perceptions of their role in the group (Yes; n [%]: 254 [30.4]) as well as the above factors for leaders. A supplementary qualitative analysis of participants’ free-text responses extracted seven categories: community support, resource mobilization, partnership action, asset management, participatory decision-making, linkages and networking, and community dissemination, related to perception of a role in the group. Conclusion Our results emphasize the importance of considering the different associations of community commitment through group activities in the community between group leaders and members, including the role of older adults in community groups, and suggest different approaches for group leaders and members.

Drawing on 24 interviews with policy professionals in 10 Swedish member-based civil society organizations (CSOs), and observations of policy professionals in three of these, we investigate CSOs from the perspective of their policy teams. This paper theoretically addresses how policy professionals relate to the members in whose name they work. This article extends the literature on civil society professionalization by conceptualizing the conflicts pertaining to policy professionals’ work in CSOs and ways of managing these conflicts. We argue that, ordinarily, CSO policy professionals working to influence public policy respond to conflicting logics and myth-like institutional demands for strong and direct influence of member interests by maintaining face and investing in the myth of member centrality. Based on how policy professionals address these issues, we suggest that organizations respond to conflicting institutional pressures and myths via decoupling strategies, discreetly avoiding member concerns while investing in the membership myth, ultimately fostering organizational hypocrisy. Conceptually, the paper contributes by connecting the literatures of civil society professionalization and new institutional theory to the burgeoning literature on policy professionals.

The article, based on archive materials and press publications, as well as major academic studies, contains information on attempts by the Communists in Poland to take control over the Polish Olympic Committee (POC) in the Stalinist period. After the Olympic games in London in 1948 they 'closed' the POC's activity in order to nominate a 'new' POC in June 1950 created by people connected with the dominant Communist Polish United Workers' Party (PUWP). The POC even included two Soviet officers of Polish origin, while the people's power forced the previous president of the organization to resign. However, throughout the whole Stalinist period in Poland the Communists did not manage to deprive Professor Jerzy Loth of his membership in the International Olympic Committee, whom they were planning to replace with their trusted people. For that reason, they sent to Lausanne the names of their candidates at least four times. They did so even when the POC was formally 'closed'. In spite of that, until 1956, the people's power did not manage to implement the plan of taking full control over the POC. This fact is largely thanks to the management of the POC and Professor Loth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Selcuk Law Review / Selçuk Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi is the property of Selcuk Law Review and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The southern Floridian fossil group comprises five Jenneria species, including one synonym, plus the newly described species herein, Jenneria sandrae. The earliest species is from an uncertain date from the Golden Gate Member of Plio-Pleistocene and the genus ended with the Belle Glade Member, Bermont Formation [Chibanian Age (~750 ka)], Late Middle Pleistocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on 24 interviews with policy professionals in 10 Swedish member-based civil society organizations (CSOs), and observations of policy professionals in three of these, we investigate CSOs from the perspective of their policy teams. The article theoretically addresses how policy professionals relate to the members in whose name they work. This article extends the literature on civil society professionalization by conceptualizing the conflicts pertaining to policy professionals' work in CSOs and ways of managing these conflicts. We argue that, ordinarily, CSO policy professionals working to influence public policy respond to conflicting logics and myth-like institutional demands for strong and direct influence of member interests by maintaining face and investing in the myth of member centrality. Based on how policy professionals address these issues, we suggest that organizations respond to conflicting institutional pressures and myths via decoupling strategies, discreetly avoiding member concerns while investing in the membership myth, ultimately fostering organizational hypocrisy. Conceptually, the article contributes by connecting the literatures of civil society professionalization and new institutional theory to the burgeoning literature on policy professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Community commitment through group activities in the community is associated with improved health outcomes in older adults and has a ripple effect on community development. However, factors associated with community commitment through group activities in the community have not been examined. The purpose of this study was to examine individual factors and group-related factors in association with community commitment among older adult leaders and members of community groups in Japan.Methods: We mailed self-administered questionnaires to all older adults participating in a community group (N = 1,898) in a ward of Yokohama city, the largest designated city in Japan. Variables included demographic characteristics, community commitment (Community Commitment Scale), individual factors, and group-related factors. We used logistic regression analysis to assess the association among study variables.Results: A total of 1,154 people completed the questionnaire. The valid response rate was 48.8%. Respondents' mean age was 78.3 years (standard deviation [SD] = 6.1, range 65-100 years), 79.6% were women, 55.9% were married, and 10.0% were employed. Factors associated with community commitment among group leaders were scores for self-efficacy in the health promotion scale (SF-15; mean ± SD: 48.5 ± 7.1), 5-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index (mean ± SD: 17.9 ± 4.3), and Lubben Social Network Scale, Japanese version (mean ± SD: 19.5 ± 6.9), as well as a perception of deriving pleasure from group participation (mean ± SD: 91.2 ± 9.4). Factors associated with community commitment among group members were economic status (Sufficient; n [%]: 749 [85.9]), frequency of going out (mean ± SD: 5.1 ± 1.8), years of group participation (mean ± SD: 6.2 ± 5.0), and perceptions of their role in the group (Yes; n [%]: 254 [30.4]) as well as the above factors for leaders. A supplementary qualitative analysis of participants' free-text responses extracted seven categories: community support, resource mobilization, partnership action, asset management, participatory decision-making, linkages and networking, and community dissemination, related to perception of a role in the group.Conclusion: Our results emphasize the importance of considering the different associations of community commitment through group activities in the community between group leaders and members, including the role of older adults in community groups, and suggest different approaches for group leaders and members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Studies in Politics & Society / Polityka & Społeczeństwo is the property of University of Rzeszow and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Due to the tide of cross-disciplinary investigation among different areas, it seems imperative to improve resourceallocating situations by analyzing different perspectives and thinking. Many researchers have shown that there are various critical characteristics, such as changes in allocating patterns, reactive behavior, and the interplay and operational usefulness of decisions to be executed. Different from the expert assemblies, the regulations of thumb, or other pre-existing conceptions, this article aims to simulate, construct, derive and analyze the most effective resource allocating notion by applying game-theoretical methods under allocating analysis. The main investigative steps are as follows: (1) Different from existing allocation concepts, a new allocating rule is proposed by both focusing on the members and its energetic grades. (2) By using the axioms of consistency, grade completeness, grade synchronization, scaled criterion for models and unmixed excesses equality, several axiomatic results are adopted to dissect the applied rationality and the mathematical accuracy of this allocating notion. (3) These axioms and related axiomatic results would be further endowed with applied interpretations under real-world situations. (4) These axiomatic results and associated interpretations would be used to present that this allocating rule is a useful resource allocating mechanism. Correlative applications and comparisons are also mentioned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to examine the possibilities and scope of the participatory model of BIH libraries in the period of self-governing socialism for the purpose of rethinking the way of doing business and relations with library users through a new, participatory approach. Participatory activities in pre-war BIH libraries and theoretical assumptions of participatory librarianship can serve as a starting point for considering the current model of involving library users in their capacity as its members. The results of this paper will try to show that the participatory library model always depends on certain socio-political aspects of government, starting from different methodologies and ways of cooperation, but also that certain type of understanding of participation further implies wider civic engagement or verification of the existing social situation. The importance of this analysis is in a better understanding of the two types of participatory approaches in libraries that, due to redefining relationships with users, can lead to different forms of social action and management.

The article sets out a critical assessment of recent public reactions in Germany upon taking in large numbers of refugees since 2015, which have been swaying between moralisation and resentment. In this situation, public theology should ask how hospitality is linked to the perceived identity of a society and to its perception of who belongs, and what role Christianity might play in these debates. Drawing on a phenomenological perspective within contemporary German philosophy (Bernhard Waldenfels), and contrasting this perspective with historical and contemporary voices on migration within political philosophy (Georg Simmel, Michael Walzer), the article explores what the concepts of stranger, member and guest imply for the relation of 'us' to 'the other'. From this, I derive a suggestion as to how Christian theology could contribute to a change in the self-perception of society, centred around the seemingly paradoxical concept of 'belonging in not-belonging'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focusses on a very specific problem statement, namely how shareholder society relationships are viewed in Australia and South Africa. Friendly societies are special "legal creatures" enjoying legal personality from the date and time of their registration (not as companies). In South Africa friendly societies have been in existence for more than 160 years, with the latest legislation being promulgated in 1956. As an unregistered company, the friendly society forms part of the South African business enterprise landscape and has both members and shareholders. The legal relationships between members and shareholders and the payment of a dividend are unclear in the Friendly Society Act, 1956, and are generally regulated by the constitution or memorandum of incorporation of the friendly society. In Australia friendly societies developed approximately 200 years ago. In 1999 friendly society legislation was repealed by the Financial Sector Reform Act, 1999, in terms of which friendly societies had to convert to companies either as companies limited by guarantee or public companies as regulated by the Corporations Act, 2001. Prior to 1999, friendly societies were largely regulated by the Queensland Friendly Society Act, 1997 as unregistered companies. The Code regulated the relationships between members and shareholders and the payment of dividends. In this article we also focus on Australian friendly societies after 1999 and how they compare with South African friendly societies with regard to the member/shareholder relationships and the payment of dividends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bosniaca is the property of National & University Library of Bosnia & Herzegovina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Homogeneous generalized yield function is adopted in this article to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of 93 concrete-filled steel tubular components with detailed test data, and the ratios of the ultimate bearing capacity calculated to the tested are presented. Moreover, the incremental nonlinear finite element method and elastic modulus reduction method are adopted to evaluate the ultimate bearing capacity of 11 concrete-filled steel tubular arches, 7 among which with detailed test data. The component data cover those under different loading conditions, material strength and geometric parameters, and the arch data include those under different loading conditions and rise to span ratios. The data provided are useful to investigate the strength of CFST members and arches and to demonstrate the validation of other numerical methods. The current data are considered as a complementary for the main work “Linear elastic iteration technique for ultimate bearing capacity of circular CFST arches” [1].

On the 1st of January 2017, Romania celebrated 10 years of being a member of the European Union. The European Union is both, a major and important subject of international law and an international organization, which created a legal system that regulates economic, political and social issues, binding 28 members. The main purposes of becoming a part of the European family include a significant growth of living standards, a strong accent on the respect of fundamental rights and equity between the citizens of the European Union, of social politics, environment protection and nevertheless support in developing a countryâ s economy. After the fall of communism, Romania saw the opportunity of becoming a member of the European Union and started the long process of joining this organization. After 10 years from the completion of the accession process, the results can be interesting. So, the purpose of the following paper is to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of being a member of the European Union and the objectives are to determine which were the conditions that Romania had to fulfill in order to become a EU member, how this membership changed our legal system, which are our rights and obligations as a EU member today and which are the effects from 2007 and now.

Participation in organized sports is a popular and important part of the lives of children and adolescents and is associated with improved psychological and social health, as well as an increased likelihood of meeting physical activity (PA) recommendations. Changes in modern society, including increased car ownership and use of technology and electronic media, have led to an additional focus on the importance of health‐enhancing PA among children and adolescents. The aim of this article was to study the secular changes in self‐reports of participation in organized sports clubs and leisure‐time vigorous physical activity (LVPA), and whether the relationship between participation in organized sports clubs and LVPA has changed from 1985 to 2014. Questionnaire data were collected in two cross‐sectional samples of Finnish and Norwegian 11‐, 13‐ and 15‐year‐olds in 1985/1986 (n = 7137) and 2014 (n = 9218). Overall, participation in organized sports clubs and level of LVPA appears to have changed in the same direction in the two Nordic countries. The proportion of 11‐year‐olds reporting to be participants in organized sports clubs increased from 1985/1986 to 2014. There was an overall increase in self‐reported LVPA. The association between participation in sports clubs and LVPA was stronger in 2014 than in 1985/1986. The findings indicated subgroup differences, in particular with regard to a steeper increase in LVPA and participation in sports clubs among Finnish girls. We suggest that attention should be given to the role of organized sports to better understand secular changes in PA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the main theory and technology progresses in tulmlar structures in the recent ten more years from three levels, i.e.，structural members, connections and systems. A number of issues, including application of new material, development of new cross-section type, diversity of loading conditions, and necessity of increased calculation accuracy，promote the research on structural behavior and design method of tubular members made of steel as well as other metals and composite materials. To satisfy the requirements of architecture appearance, structural load transfer, erection, and construction technology, tubular connections often have various configurations. Meanwhile, there are developments of new materials and emergence of new connection components such as cast-steel joint. Therefore, there is a need to continually investigate the static performances of these novel connection types. Especially, a more in-depth investigation on the deformability, hysteretic behavior, fatigue behavior, and fracture resistance of the tubular connections will be the key issues in the future. Even a tubular structure system holds the common characteristic of structure of bar systems, there are still some new challenges when it is applied in prefabricated assembled structures，especially for the efficient connection patlern adapt to closed section members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bamboo is a high-quality material that is light, strong, and grows quickly. Bamboo structures have the advantages of environmental protection, ecology, low carbon and so on. It is a renewable and environmentally friendly biomass building material that is easy to obtain. However, full culm bamboo is often used to construct rural low-rise houses and temporary structures such as scaffolding or pavilions. This is because the irregular geometry of bamboo causes problems in building form and component connection, while the traditional bamboo architecture has poor performance in fireproofing, heat insulation, sound insulation and so on. Bamboo is difficult to use in buildings to meet the requirements of comfort. In order to fully exploit the natural advantages of bamboo and overcome its deficiencies, a new type of multifunctional composite members which combines bamboo skeleton and composite material was presented. The composite material was mainly composed of a combination of mortar, polystyrene particles, and mineral adhesives. It is wrapped on the surface of the bamboo skeleton. Through the full-scale tests of multifunctional omposite members , the process of force transfer, bearing capacity, failure mode and enhancement function of composite material were observed. The results showed that composite material provided a good binding effect and greatly improved the axial compressive bearing capacity of the composite members. However, there was still a gap between the above-mentioned ultimate bearing capacity and the strength failure result. The failure mode of the composite members was cracking of composite material on the side elevation. Because of slippage between composite material and bamboo studs, the restraint effect of the composite material on the studs was weakened, and the ultimate failure of the composite members was caused by instability. Analysis of finite element parameters showed that when the number of studs is less than 6, the axial bearing capacity of each composite members stud increased with the increase of the number of studs. Conversely, the axial bearing capacity of each composite members stud was reduced. When the spacing of the composite members studs were in the range of 200-500 mm, the average bearing capacity of the stud increased with the increase of spacing. When the composite members was loaded uniformly, the composite members was in a state of global buckling failure, but when the middle single composite members stud was loaded, the top of the stud appeared the phenomenon of local crushing. The failure mode of the bamboo skeleton slab with composite material was bending failure at joining of concentrated load, accompanied by slippage between bamboo and composite material, and the pressure was borne by composite material before 30 kN, with the increase of load, the pressure was borne by the top of bamboo. When the allowable deflection and peak deflection of the composite member are achieved, the bearing capacity of the composite member is about 7 and 4 times as much as that of the bamboo skeleton member, the composite material can greatly increase stiffness of the bamboo skeleton member, the proteiform disadvantage of bamboo subjected to bending can be overcome . The multifunctional bamboo skeleton member sprayed composite material has good performance, the results provided a reasonable basis for the theory and engineering application of composite member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Northeastern University (Social Science) / Dongbei Daxue Xuebao (Shehui Kexue Ban) is the property of Dongbei Daxue and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Natural Gas Geoscience is the property of Natural Gas Geoscience and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The section structure was characterized according to the lithological and petrophysical studies of the core from the Bazhenov Formation that has been uncovered in the central part of the Tundrin Depression. The productive oil intervals where the reservoirs of the pore and fissure-pore types occur were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Româna de Dreptul Muncii is the property of Wolters Kluwer Romania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper entitled Excluding the member from co-operative membership in judicial practice, consists of the following parts: introduction; reasons for excluding the member from co-operative membership; proceedings to exclude the member from cooperative membership; appealing against the resolution on excluding the member from co-operative membership and a summary. In the introduction the author writes about the essence of being a co-operative member and the issues determining acceptance of a person as a co-operative member. In the next part the author analyses the structure of Article 24 § 2 of the Co-operatives Law referring to the situation resulting in the exclusion of the member from co-operative membership. The following part of the paper deals with the issue of entities entitled to make a resolution on excluding the member from co-operative membership. The third part entitled Appealing to the general meeting against the supervisory board resolution, contains information about a possibility of appealing against the resolution on excluding the member from co-operative membership. The author gives the conditions (of the appeal) which must be met by the person appealing. The following part is devoted to the appeal to the court against the resolution on excluding the member. In summary the author describes possibilities of terminating the membership and defines them in detail. He also defines which bodies are entitled to pass an appropriate resolution.

The Council of Europe advocates freedom of expression and of the media, freedom of assembly, equality, and the protection of minorities. It has launched campaigns on issues such as child protection, online hate speech, and the rights of the Roma, Europe's largest minority. The Council of Europe helps member states fight corruption and terrorism and undertake necessary judicial reforms. Its group of constitutional experts, known as the Venice Commission, offers legal advice to countries throughout the world. The Council of Europe promotes human rights through international conventions, such as the Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence and the Convention on Cybercrime. It monitors member states' progress in these areas and makes recommendations through independent expert monitoring bodies. All Council of Europe member states have abolished the death penalty.

In order to study the mechanical properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) specimens after exposure to high temperatures, 120 RAC prism specimens, 57 reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (RRAC) specimens, and 56 steel reinforced recycled aggregate concrete (SRRAC) specimens were designed, involving two varying parameters such as recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) replacement percentage and temperature. The performance degradation of RCA materials, RRAC members, and SRRAC members after exposure to high temperatures was analyzed in depth. The research results show that after exposure to high temperatures the surface color of members may change from cinereous to gray-white. Some cracks may appear on surface of members and the mass of members may be lighter. With the increase of the experiencing temperatures, the bearing capacity (compressive, bending, and shearing) of RAC and its members are reduced, but their ductility and energy dissipation capacity have little effect on the change of high temperature. With the increase of the RCA replacement percentage, the mass loss ratio, ultimate bearing capacity, and peak deformation of each RAC and its members increase slightly, and the displacement ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the RRAC members decrease slightly. With the increase in replacement percentage of RCA, mechanical properties of RAC and their members have little effect after exposure to elevated temperatures, and the fluctuation range is within 20%.

The glomerular visceral epithelial cells, also termed podocytes, are key in maintaining the normal renal filtration barrier. Although it has been demonstrated that stimulation of c‑Maf inducing protein (CMIP) expression is involved in podocyte damage, the molecular events during this process remain unclear. In the current study, CMIP‑induced proximal signaling was investigated by focusing on its effect on cofilin‑1 activity in puromycin aminonucleoside (PA)‑damaged podocytes. An obvious elevation of CMIP expression and phosphorylated (p) cofilin‑1 levels was detected in cultured podocytes treated with PA and in glomeruli isolated from PA‑induced nephropathy rats. Stable knockdown of CMIP prevented upregulation of p‑cofilin‑1 and reorganization of actin cytoskeleton in PA‑treated podocytes. The activity of the Src family kinase Fyn was reduced, whereas small GTPase Ras homolog gene family, member A (RhoA) activity was increased in PA‑treated podocytes. Stimulation of CMIP expression inhibited Fyn activation and decreased the expression level of p‑p190RhoGAP, a negative regulator of RhoA activity. The level of p‑LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), a downstream effector of RhoA, increased significantly in PA‑treated podocytes. Notably, the applications of RhoA inhibitor or knockdown of LIMK prevented increase of the p‑cofilin‑1 level in PA‑treated podocytes. Thus, the current data provided evidence that the CMIP/Fyn/RhoA/cofilin‑1 signaling pathway may be associated with actin disorganization and podocyte foot process spreading following podocyte injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim. The aim of this study is conducted to determine whether there is a relationship between the number of use of facilities during their membership for individuals who hecome members of a fitness center for a period of one year,and the renewal when the membership is over. Methods. The data of 337 members (39.47% female, 60.53% male) of a sports center in the province of Ankara working with a yearly membership system and functional in terms of fitness, with a mean age of 34.60±10.96 and for whom the yearly membership period had been completed, was used. The information of how many times the individuals who became members of the fitness center for a period of one year used the facility throughout their memberships were recorded in the entry-exit system. The information whether the same individuals did or did not renew their membership at the end of the membership period was also obtained, and the relationship between these data was investigated. Results. Although the membership renewal rates of the members with low number of usage were low, no significant relation was found between number of usage by members and membership renewal (p<0.05). Conclusions. In this study, we looked at the relationship between the number of use of the fitness center and the membership renewal at the end of one year, but we found no statistically significant difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and purpose: The first conflict with disability takes place in the family, which is associated with certain socio-economic and psychological aspects. Social capital is one of the social factors that affects health. The aim of this study was to identify the relationship between social capital and mental health of families with disabled members in Tehran, Iran. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study is a secondary analysis conducted based on the data obtained from the Urban Health Equity Assessment and Responses National Tool Project, which was administered in 2011. The study population included 3571 families with disabled members, who completed the mental health questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted using structural equation modeling in SPSS and AMOS. Results: The participants included 48.4% males. Among the participants, 66.8% were not in good state of mental health. The values for bonding and total social capital were lower than the standard levels. The results of the structural equation modeling showed a significant relationship between social capital and mental health of the families with disabled members. Conclusion: Social capital is a significant and effective factor in the mental health of families with disabled members. Therefore, appropriate conditions are needed to improve social participation and public trust and increase emotional, mental, and social support to promote the state of mental health in involved families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is dedicated to the property formation sources of business entities both those created initially and those created as a result of restructuring other legal entities. The article points to a diverse legal regime of contributions to the charter capital, shares of its members and property of a business entity, discloses various purposes of these definitions. Pays attention that upon the reorganization of the legal entity, the formation of property of the newly created business entity is not due to the charter capital, but due to the property of the legal entity that is being terminated.