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Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lilloa is the property of Fundacion Miguel Lillo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Informacion Tecnica Economica Agraria is the property of Asociacion Interprofesional para el Desarrollo Agrario (AIDA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tropane alkaloids (TAs) are the main secondary metabolites found in Datureae (Solanaceae). These compounds are neurotoxic to many organisms. However, some insect species can sequester and accumulate TAs in their bodies. Brugmansia suaveolens (Humb. and Bonpl. ex Willd.) Bercht. and J.Presl, a Neotropical shrub, is known to produce TAs. In this study, we report the sequestration of TAs from B. suaveolens by Chromacris speciosa (Thunberg, 1824) (Orthoptera: Rhomaleidae) and Lema daturaphila Kogan & Goeden (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Both of these insects have been observed feeding on leaves from various species of Solanaceae in the study site. We analyzed extracts from insects and the host plant using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC-MS). In B. suaveolens, we identified five TAs, while in the insect bodies, we found four. Scopolamine was the most abundant alkaloid in all the samples. This is the first report of TAs in these insects. While TAS may play a role in defense against generalist herbivores, further investigation is needed to understand the association between TAs and predators since both insects exhibit moderately aposematic features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The red palm mite, Raoiella indica Hirst (Acari: Tenuipalpidae) is an invasive and widely dispersed pest in the Neotropical region. It is a species of economic importance in coconut palm plantations, Cocos nucifera L. (Arecaceae), necessitating the search for new management alternatives with lower risks to human health and the environment. The aim of this study was to evaluate the acaricidal activity of ethanolic leaf extracts of "pepper" Pimenta dioica (L.) Merr. (Myrtaceae), "culan tro" Eryngium foetidum L. (Apiaceae) an d "basil" Ocimum basilicum L. (Lamiaceae) against R. indica under laboratory conditions. R. indica females were exposed to the plant extracts at dilutions of 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1% (v/v). Each experimental unit consisted of a group of 10 female mites confined on a portion of coconut palm leaflet, previously impregnated with plant extract or distilled water (control). Each treatment consisted of a total of 100 mites (10 replicates). Mite mortality was recorded after 24, 48 and 72 h. The R. indica mortality percentages increased due to the increase in both the concentration of the extracts and the exposure time. All extracts at the 1% dilution and 72 h exposure time caused the highest mortality percentages: for P. dioica 92%, E. foetidum 81% and O. basilicum 77%. Fractions of total phenols and tannins were the most abundant compounds in the three plant extracts. Both groups of compounds could be primarily responsible for the acaricidal activity of these plant extracts against R. indica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO O ambiente rizosférico envolve diversas relações ecoflsiológlcas. A antibiose é parte desse contexto, servindo inclusive como mecanismo de seleção para as espécies mais adaptadas. Substâncias biológicamente ativas podem ser exudadas pelas raízes de algumas espécies vegetais ou extraídas através de solventes orgânicos, quando existe o interesse farmacológico. Raízes obtidas através de transformação genética de plantas de Agrobacterium rhizogenes abrem caminho para a obtenção de compostos bioativos sem as variações impostas pelo ambiente. Microorganismos, simbiontes ou não, tais como bactérias, actinomicetos e fungos também produzem substâncias de potencial atividade biológica. No vegetal a existência de tais metabólitos parece estar ligada a sua defesa química contra o ataque de patógenos enquanto nos microorganismos estas parecem servir também a uma melhor sobrevivência quando em ambientes competitivos.

Plant extracts effects have been regarded and proven in researches under different applications in agriculture, including seed treatment. The plant extracts effectiveness is attributed to the presence of certain classes of compounds; therefore, studies that aim to identify and quantify these composites, which are present in plant extracts used in agriculture, are important, as well as the seed treatment. This research aimed to understand and describe through a systematic review, what were the main carried approaches, classes and identified compounds in studies with plant extracts to different applications in agriculture and the seed treatment. The period 2015 to 2020 was the one that exposed the higher research publication indexes, considering the theme under analysis, plant extracts in agriculture, seeking to identify or quantify the presence of metabolic composites, indicating a growing interest in this theme. Such studies pursued identifying and/or quantifying the compounds that are present in the plant extracts. The phenolic compounds constitute the priority class of metabolites to different functions, effects and applications in agriculture, mainly in seed treatment. The terpenes present a substantial potential as bioinsecticides to agriculture. Plant species that are rich in phenolic and terpenes compounds are a significant source of alternative control in the protection of the productive system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tropical Grasslands / Forrajes Tropicales is the property of International Centre for Tropical Agriculture - CIAT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Esta revisión bibliográfica explora el papel de los hongos alucinógenos, específicamente el género Psilocybe de la familia Hymenogastraceae, en el desarrollo evolutivo de la conciencia humana. A través de un enfoque multidisciplinario que abarca biología, etnobotánica y neurociencia, se examina la influencia de compuestos como la psilocibina y la psilocina en los consumidores, revelando su potencial para desencadenar efectos neurológicos y psicológicos significativos. Se explora el impacto en la conciencia humana, señalando cambios perceptuales, cognitivos y emocionales. Se analiza el desarrollo evolutivo y antropológico de los seres humanos, explorando cómo la disponibilidad de alimentos, el uso de la psilocibina y las adaptaciones fisiológicas han podido influir en el éxito reproductivo y la supervivencia a lo largo del tiempo.

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Caatinga is the property of Revista Caatinga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Espécies florestais nativas são muito importantes para o equilíbrio ambiental, e garantir a sua preservação é essencial para as próximas gerações. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a eficiência de óleos essenciais na redução da incidência de fungos e na qualidade fisiológica de sementes de craibeira, ipê-rosa e jurema-branca. Os tratamentos utilizados foram: sementes não tratadas, fungicida e os óleos essenciais de citronela, olíbano, eucalipto, girassol, sementes de uva, cravo, melaleuca e alecrim, na concentração de 1 mL.L-1. Avaliou-se o percentual de incidência de fungos; percentual de germinação e de emergência; índice de velocidade de germinação e de emergência; plântulas normais, anormais, comprimentos da parte aérea, da raiz e da plântula; matéria seca da parte aérea e da raiz. Os óleos essenciais de cravo e olíbano reduziram os percentuais de incidência de Aspergillus sp. e Rhizopus sp., respectivamente, em sementes de craibeira, ipê-rosa e jurema-branca. O óleo essencial de citronela diminuiu o percentual de Penicillium sp. e de Cladosporium sp. nas sementes de ipê-rosa e jurema-branca. Todos os óleos essenciais melhoraram a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de jurema-branca. Os óleos essenciais de sementes de uva e de melaleuca reduziram a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de craibeira.

Na madeira estão presentes inúmeras substâncias sintetizadas pela árvore como defensivos à estímulos ambientais. Tais substâncias podem ser fonte potencial de princípios ativos, incluindo os de ação larvicida contra o mosquito Aedes aegypti. A partir de revisão de literatura, foram encontrados 23 trabalhos científicos sobre a atividade larvicida de compostos presentes na madeira. Os estudos contemplaram a análise de 66 espécies vegetais pertencentes a 23 famílias botânicas. Cerca de 30% das espécies estudadas foram consideradas ativas. A espécie que apresentou o material bruto mais ativo foi Callitris glaucophylla, cujo óleo essencial apresentou CL50 = 0,69 ppm. Foram identificadas 23 moléculas potencialmente ativas, sendo o melhor resultado obtido pela tectoquinona isolada do extrato metanólico de Cryptomeria japonica, com CL50 = 3,3 ppm. Observou-se que a madeira pode ser fonte de larvicidas naturais com ação similar ao larvicida sintético organofosforado temefós, cujo valor de CL50 encontrado na literatura variou entre 2,3 a 9,4 ppm. Dentre as vantagens do uso de larvicidas de origem natural, destaca-se a maior biodegradabilidade e a menor toxicidade aos organismos não alvos quando comparados aos sintéticos, além da contribuição para o enfrentamento do problema da resistência dos insetos.

The solvatochromic effect is the modification of the absorption spectrum of a solute by varying the solvent. This research evaluated the solvatochromic characteristics of Malvidin-3-glucoside hydrochloride. The method to obtain maximum wavelengths was by spectral scanning. In primary standard CAS No. 7228-78.6, the variation was determined in binary mixtures of ethanol-water: 40,55, and 70%v/v. The solvatochromic effect when modifying the pH of the solvent (water) was evaluated in natural dye and stabilized. The results suggest that the intermolecular hydrogen connections between Malvidin-3-glucoside and the ethanol-water binary mixtures are responsible for the solvatochromic changes: 565.2586 3.2784nm, 472.5498 2.5128nm and 457.3589 6.2586nm, produced by the analyzed combinations. When anthocyanins are stabilized in a chelating matrix, the solvatochromic changes produced by varying the pH of the water solvent are not significant compared to the unstabilized natural dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cyanobacteria Nostoc commune contains bioactive compounds with antimicrobial activity and high potential to control of phytopathogens. The objective of this work was to determine the in vitro effect of sonicated biomass of these cyanobacteria on the growth of Fusarium oxysporum. The biomass of N.commune was dissolved in sterile distilled water and subjected to centrifugation processes and ultrasound-assisted cell rupture. The antifungal effect was evaluated using the disk diffusion technique (Kirby-Bauer) in a PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) medium. In the center of the Petri dish, an agar disk (0.7 cm) with pure mycelium of the fungus was placed in the center of the Petri dish and, around it, four filter paper disk impregnateed with the algae extract (0.7 cm) were placed. The radial growth of the pathogen was measured in the presence and absence of N. commune, until the control covered the entire Petri dish to assess the Percentage of Radial Inhibition of the pathogen (PICR %). The growth rate of the fungus was lower in the initial stages of measurement and the PICR fluctuated between 33 and 58%. However, there were no inhibition halos in the growth of the fungus, it is assumed that the antifungal effect of the cyanobacteria was not permanent over the time, but it could be potentiated by improving the extraction process of the extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Membranas de nanofiltração apresentam elevada eficácia na remoção de compostos de baixa massa molar, o que inclui os metabólitos secundários 2-metilisoborneol (2-MIB) e 1,10-dimetil trans-9-decalol (Geosmina), produzidos por cianobactérias e de difícil remoção por processos convencionais de tratamento. Considerando-se que elevada retenção e fluxo permeado são características importantes no processo, este estudo teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência da membrana NF90 pré-tratada com água e solução de etanol 50% (v/v) na retenção de 2-MIB e Geosmina, considerando-se a aplicação de baixas pressões constantes de trabalho 4, 7 e 10 bar, avaliando-se a sua permeabilidade à água e capacidade de retenção dos metabólitos. A retenção foi avaliada com a concentração de 100 ng L-1 de 2-MIB e Geosmina por 120 minutos de tempo de filtração. A ocorrência de fouling foi igualmente avaliada constatando-se não haver incrustação. Nas três pressões empregadas, membranas pré-tratadas em solução de etanol 50% (v/v) apresentaram um fluxo permeado superior (91,4 L m-2 h-1 a 225,4 L m-2 h-1) ao observado para membranas tratadas em água (34,08 L m-2 h-1 a 59,14 L m-2 h-1). Quanto à retenção, não foram observadas diferenças expressivas entre as membranas, tendo-se obtido remoções de 93 e 99% para membranas pré-tratadas em solução de etanol 50% (v/v) e água, respectivamente. Pode-se observar que o pré-tratamento conservou a eficiência na retenção de compostos e propiciou a melhoria das características físicas e químicas da membrana, permitindo a obtenção de fluxos permeados maiores do que o observado com a membrana pré-tratada em água.

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El efecto solvatocrómico es la modificación del espectro de absorción de un soluto al variar el solvente. El presente trabajo evaluó las características solvatocrómicas de Malvidina-3-glucósido clorhidrato. El método para obtener longitudes de onda máxima fue por barridos espectrales. En estándar primario CAS N° 7228-78.6, la variación fue determinada en mezclas binarias de etanol-agua: 40,55 y 70%v/v. El efecto solvatocrómico al modificar el pH del solvente (agua) fue evaluado en colorante natural y estabilizado. Los resultados indican que los enlaces hidrógeno intermoleculares entre Malvidina-3-glucósido y las mezclas binarias de etanol-agua son responsables de los cambios solvatocrómicos: 565,2586 ± 3.2784nm, 472,5498 ± 2.5128nm y 457,3589 ± 6.2586nm, producidos por las combinaciones analizadas. Al estabilizar antocianinas en una matriz quelante los cambios solvatocrómicos producidos al variar el pH del solvente agua, son no significativos en comparación con el colorante natural sin estabilizar.

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of the present work was to determine the antifungal activity of saponins extracted from Chenopodium quinoa Willd. against five phytopathogenic fungi of agricultural importance. The saponin extracts were obtained by the Soxhlet method described by Amores in 2022 and the concentrations were determined by the UV-VIS spectrophotometric method. The biological activity of the aqueous extracts of saponins was tested on the fungi Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Pythium sp., Alternaria sp., and Botrytis sp. at concentrations of 100, 87.5, 75, 50, and 37.5 % using the Potato-Dextrose- Agar culture medium poisoning method (Difco, pH 5.5) under a completely randomized design. The highest inhibitory effect was evident on the growth of Alternaria sp. with 89.5 % at 100 % concentration of saponins. The fungi Fusarium sp., Rhizoctonia sp., Pythium sp., and Botrytis sp. were not well controlled by the metabolic effect of the concentrations tested. These findings provide a new alternative for the biocontrol of this fungus, causal agent of economic losses in different crops in Ecuadorian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piper genus are plants with biotechnological potential because they synthesize about 700 compounds with biological activity. In this study, we tested the fungicidal effect of ethanolic extracts obtained from six Piper species from the state of Veracruz, Mexico, against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. vanillae. The Mean Effective Concentration (EC50) and Minimum Fungicide Concentration (MFC) were estimated, as well as preliminary phytochemical profiles and the total content of phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids. The results showed that the extract of P. aduncum had the major inhibition potential with an estimated EC50 and CMF of 0.64 and 0.4 mg/mL. The extract of P. umbellatum had the highest concentration of alkaloids (29.51 μgEP / mg), while P. amalago had the highest concentration of flavonoids and phenols (12.82 μgEQ/mg and 8.53 μgEAT/mg). Piper extracts have a fungicidal effect against F. oxysporum, attributable to secondary metabolites, which turns them into an alternative in the search for biopesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites toxic to human and animal health produced by Aspergillus flavus, and which contaminate food throughout the production chain. Knowing and characterizing the fungal population present in food helps us to estimate risk and design measures to mitigate fungal contamination. Thus, the objective of this work was characterizing the toxigenic potential of Aspergillus isolates from corn in in vitro models. For this purpose, two isolates of Aspergillus flavus (CCM-AS02, CCM-AS29) and one of Aspergillus luchuensis (CCM-AS04) from the CCM-UNA culture collection were used. To evaluate the production of aflatoxins in synthetic culture medium, the isolates were plated on coconut agar and yeast extract agar, and the presence of fluorescence was evaluated under UV light (?= 360 nm). To determine the type of aflatoxin, a thin layer chromatography was performed. Finally, an in vitro infection was carried out with the isolates under study, from avatí-morotĩ maize, acquired commercially, and the aflatoxin concentration was determined with the Afla-V®-VICAM® lateral fluid rapid immunoassay kit. With the results obtained, it can be concluded that the isolates of A. flavus CCM-AS02 and CCM-AS29 from corn are aflatoxigenic under environmental conditions that simulate natural ones and that coincide with the predominant ones in our country, therefore, it is necessary to create awareness of the risk posed by the contamination of corn grains with Aspergillus and aflatoxins in our region and the need to take preventive measures to control this fungus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The implementation of plants as a mechanism of treatment for different diseases is not something new at present, however, in recent years treatments based on these organic compounds known as bioactive or secondary metabolites have been promoted. In Colombia, research on the properties of plants is still few, but the present work contributes to the knowledge of plants such as Trichanthera gigantea or the nacedero. The overall objective of this project was to identify groups of secondary metabolites present in the extracted ethanol from leaves of T. gigantea and its antimicrobial activity and antifungal. For the identification of secondary metabolites, it was used to long feature extraction methods by percolation, liquid column chromatography, screening phytochemical, and chromatographic revealed. The method of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was used to evaluate antimicrobial activity and antifungal), which was subjected to strains of Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans to different concentrations of the extract of the plant. Among the most important results, stands that T. gigantea has a significant number of compounds of pharmacologic interest (alkaloids, flavonoids among others), in terms of biological activity, was obtained that the plant has inhibitory activity, by which one could conclude that T. gigantea has properties of pharmacological interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Biology is the property of Instituto Internacional de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Hortícolas is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Horticolas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arquivos de Ciências da Saúde da UNIPAR is the property of Associacao Paranaense de Ensino e Cultura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La agricultura es afectada por la aparición de malezas que reducen la producción de los cultivos, estas se controlan con químicos agrícolas que desequilibran el ambiente y la salud humana. Recientemente se ha reportado el empleo de extractos biológicos de plantas, donde se demuestra que poseen propiedades bioactivas fitotóxicas que alteran la estructura celular, por lo que surge la necesidad de extraer los compuestos bioactivos de estos, con el fin de producir y aplicar bioherbicidas potentes, que inhiban la propagación de malezas que perturban los sembradíos. El objetivo de esta revisión bibliográfica fue reportar los avances en el desarrollo de nuevos herbicidas biológicos, a partir de extractos vegetales fitotóxicos aplicados in vitro. La presente revisión describe los compuestos con capacidad fitotóxica en las plantas y su actividad biológica fitotóxica, como los polifenoles, taninos, alcaloides, quinonas, saponinas antagónicas y los glucósidos, por mencionar algunos, mediante los métodos experimentales más usados, que incluyen la extracción, la determinación y la cuantificación de los metabolitos. Además, se hace mención de las variables respuestas que se consideraron para evaluar el efecto de estas sustancias activas biológicas, donde se incluyen el porcentaje de inhibición de la germinación, el crecimiento y la longitud radical en plantas.

Las especies de Crotalaria están ampliamente distribuidas en climas tropicales y subtropicales, describiéndose más de 700 especies; de las cuales, la mayoría son consideradas malezas o especies invasoras. Las plantas de este género presentan una amplia diversidad metabólica de compuestos bioactivos en semillas, raíces, tallos, hojas y flores; a partir de extractos acuosos, etanol, metanol, éter etílico, cloroformo y diclorometano, que muestran efecto directo o indirecto relacionado con actividades antidiarreicas, antiinflamatorias, cardiodepresores y como hepatoprotectores. También se ha demostrado la eficacia de extractos vegetales en la agricultura como manejo alternativo sobre agentes patógenos como bacterias, hongos, insectos, nematodos, en el control de malezas y su función como fuente de nutrientes. Por lo anterior, en la presente revisión se recopiló las características distintivas del género Crotalaria, así como su composición nutrimental, compuestos fitoquímicos, su implementación en el control de enfermedades y usos alternativos en la agricultura.

La colletotrichum gloeosporioides, es una enfermedad de gran importancia en el cultivo de guanábana ya que puede llegar a provocar grandes pérdidas productivas al estar presente en todas las etapas fenológicas del cultivo; como una alternativa al uso de productos de síntesis química para su control, se investigó el efecto in vitro de ocho extractos en forma de hidrolato obtenidos a partir de Bougainvillea spp., Hibiscus sabdariffa L., Mangifera indica L. , Carica papaya L., Pimenta dioica L. y Psidium guajava L., utilizando la técnica de medios envenenados. En la primera etapa se evaluaron los hidrolatos al 50% de concentración V/V, aquellos que lograron la total inhibición del patógeno se les determinó su concentración mínima inhibitoria (CMI), se cuantificó el crecimiento diario del diámetro radial del patógeno, así como el número de conidias totales y germinadas. Los resultados muestran que todas las plantas evaluadas poseen compuestos con capacidad fungistática sobre C. gloeosporioides al probarlas in vitro; en la primera etapa P. dioica L., D. ambrosioides L., M. indica L. y Bougainvillea spp. inhibieron el desarrollo total del patógeno, mientras que H. sabdariffa L. y P. guajava L. mostraron una inhibición menor en el crecimiento micelial; sin embargo evidenciaron alta capacidad antiesporulante (99.45% y 83.33% respectivamente); por otra parte, C. papaya mostró baja inhibición tanto en esporulación como en el crecimiento del micelio. En la segunda etapa únicamente P. dioica L. inhibió el desarrollo de C. gloeosporioides, con la CMI más baja (40%), los demás tratamientos no inhibieron el crecimiento micelial, pero todos mostraron capacidad antiesporulante según la prueba Tukey. El hidrolato de P. dioica L. mostró la menor CMI con 40% (V/V), mientras que para los hidrolatos de D. ambrosioides L., Bougainvillea spp. (hoja, flor y bráctea) y M. indica L. la CMI fue de 50% (V/V) sobre C. gloeosporioides.

The main purpose of this research study is to conduct a phytochemical characterization of leaf and trichome extracts of Cnidoscolus urens (L.) Arthur collected in the Municipality of Cucuta (Norte de Santander, Colombia). C. urens is a plant known in Cucuta as "pringamoza," it is abundant and it is often reported as a common native weed found in tropical dry forest. Ethanolic extracts are prepared by separate maceration of 59.9 grams of leaves and 3.1 grams of trichomes, both previously treated by lipholization. Extracts were then concentrated at reduced pressure (50rpm, 150mbar, and 40°C). The results showed that the leaf's extract yield was 34.18%. The secondary metabolites identified in C. urens were triterpenes, steroids, coumarins, flavonoids, cardiotonics, and cyanogenic glycosides. Some of these have important biological activities. It is concluded that C. urens from Norte de Santander is a plant species with great potential as a source of secondary metabolites for industrial applications and for traditional ethnobotanical medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las Myrtaceae constituyen especial interés por su gran endemismo, elevado contenido de aceites esenciales y otros principios activos que pueden ser diferenciados en productos químicos de valor industrial y usados en el control de diferentes plagas. Esta familia cuenta con 144 géneros y 5 500 especies, distribuidas en regiones tropicales y subtropicales. Entre las Myrtaceae que han sido evaluadas con actividad insecticida se encuentran los géneros, Eucalyptus, Pimenta, Callistemon, Eugenia, Pimenta, Callistemon, Psidium, Syzygium y Melaleuca. Sus efectos insecticidas han sido evaluados sobre insectos en los órdenes Coleoptera, Diptera, Hemiptera. Estas especies también han sido referidas en el control de ácaros y en el control de hongos y bacterias. Sus principales compuestos secundarios poseen propiedades sobre la reducción de las poblaciones de insecto, efecto insectistático, repelente y sobre la emergencia de insectos.

A curricularização da extensão possibilita a preparação dos acadêmicos para sua atuação no mercado de trabalho, a partir da realização das atividades de extensão nas disciplinas da matriz curricular do curso. O objetivo do estudo foi promover uma oficina como curricularização da extensão demonstrando como obter o extrato da C. arborea e usá-lo como bioherbicida, uma vez que metabólitos secundários encontrados na espécie podem ser utilizados como substitutos para os herbicidas sintéticos. A oficina contou com dois momentos sendo o primeiro teórico de maneira dialogada sobre o que são aleloquímicos e seu efeito nas plantas e qual dessas substâncias se encontra na espécie em estudo. O segundo momento foi prático, onde os alunos realizaram todas as etapas do experimento desde a produção do extrato até avaliação e interpretação dos dados. Verificou-se que o extrato da C. arborea reduziu a germinação da C. fistula, confirmando assim seu efeito bioherbicida.

Azadirachta indica A. Juss, conhecida comumente como Nim indiano é uma planta exótica asiática, que apresenta um grande potencial terapêutico. O Nim possui como principal metabólito secundário a Azadirachtina, sendo esse um dos principais responsáveis pela sua ação terapêutica. Atualmente o Nim vem sendo alvo de diversas pesquisas pela indústria farmacêutica tanto no âmbito de cosméticos, usos medicinais e também no controle de pragas. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar uma revisão integrativa, a fim de apresentar dados da literatura acerca a atividade antimicrobiana desta planta, frente a bactérias, fungos e vírus. Neste trabalho utilizou-se artigos oriundos das bases de dados como SciELO, LILACS, MEDLINE, Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS) e no buscador acadêmico Google Scholar. Foram utilizados na busca os seguintes descritores: ‘‘Azadirachta indica’’, ‘‘atividade antimicrobiana’’, ‘‘resistência microbiana’’, ‘‘fitoterapia’’. O recorte temporal correspondera aos anos de 2012 a 2022, nos idiomas português e inglês. Os critérios de inclusão adotados foram: trabalhos que apresentaram todos os descritores referentes ao tema da pesquisa, escritos em português e inglês, trabalhos que puderam ser analisados na íntegra, como artigos completos de acesso gratuito, artigos de pesquisa, artigos de revisão, teses, dissertações e trabalhos de conclusão de curso. Os critérios de exclusão englobaram livros, artigos que não apresentaram os descritores da pesquisa, publicados antes do ano de 2012, artigos de acesso pago, trabalhos duplicados, que fugiram do tema discutido, que apresentavam textos incompletos e metodologias inconsistentes. Dos 1034 trabalhos analisados, foram incluídos 24 trabalhos no estudo. Os dados foram analisados de maneira qualitativa, visando uma resposta para o questionamento proposto. Os resultados obtidos nesse estudo mostram que o Nim indiano apresenta uma atividade antimicrobiana relevante frente a fungos, vírus e principalmente bactérias, evidenciando-se como uma alternativa terapêutica no tratamento de microrganismos resistentes. Entretanto, é necessário que mais estudos frente aos patógenos que foram menos relatados aqui sejam realizados, bem como ensaios de caracterização química e citotoxicidade desse vegetal, para que este seja usado de forma segura e se tenha um maior embasamento teórico a respeito da atividade antimicrobiana da planta.

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The almond tree (Terminalia catappa L.) in Panama is for timber, nutritional, and medicinal use, among others. Little is known about the secondary compounds present in the different parts of this plant species. This work aimed to carry out the phytochemical characterization of the green leaf (GL), green fruit (GF) and ripe fruit (RF) of the almond tree. The sampling was carried out between May to June 2017. The GL, GF and RF of the almond tree were placed separately, in direct extraction treatment with 95% ethanol for one day. The ethanolic extract was obtained by gravity filtration and concentrated in a vacuum rotary evaporator (BUCHI RotavaporTM R-210). Phytochemical screening was performed to determine the three main groups of secondary compounds (phenolics, nitrogenous and terpenes). An Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Ultraviolet-Visible (UV) Spectroscopy analysis were performed to find out which functional groups were present. Past 4.02 program was used to generate a graph of relative abundance of the secondary compounds present, and Whittaker index was applied to evaluate the percentage of difference in the phytochemical composition of the plant's parts. With these data, it was able to identify if the semi-quantitative phytochemical characterization is variable for each part, with nitrogen compounds (alkaloids) and phenolic compounds (tannins, flavonoids) presenting greater abundance. No presence of cardiotonic glycosides was found, or gums and mucilage. This information indicates that T. catappa L. is a potential resource for health, being of great ethnobotanical, pharmacological value and for the food industry in Panama. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Ciencias Forestales is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Viral infections continue to be one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Alarmingly, the number of patients diagnosed with viral infections is increasing every year. The vast majority of viral diseases lack therapeutic and prophylactic treatment despite the development of some products and the number of basic investigations carried out. While commonly used antivirals often show limited efficacy and serious adverse effects, plant extracts have been used medicinally since ancient times and are known for their antiviral properties and more tolerable side effects. Terrestrial plants represent a promising source of compounds capable of inhibiting the replication of different viruses through direct inhibition or immunomodulatory mechanisms. The most recent evidence demonstrates the antiviral properties of natural compounds against SARS-CoV-2, the causal agent of COVID-19. This review addresses the antiviral activity and modes of action of several phytochemicals against viruses with clinical and epidemiological importance in human health. An epigraph was assigned that addresses the different plants used in the treatment of COVID-19. Searches were made in several electronic databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar and in Scientific Journals such as the Journal of Virology and the Journal of General Virology, in search of articles published in English that addressed the subject in question. The data presented in this review highlight the potentialities of multiple compounds found in terrestrial plants for the treatment of viral infections. All of which, in the current epidemiological context, is of great importance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of growth age (30, 60 and 90 days) on the polyphenol content of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) materials collected in eastern Cuba was evaluated. A completely random design with 10 repetitions was applied. Total polyphenols and total condensed tannins were determined in seven tithonia materials (2, 3, 12, 14, 17, 23 and 24) in the rainy and dry seasons. An analysis of variance was performed, according to a completely random design in a 3 x 7 factorial arrangement. The factors were the growth age (30, 60 and 90 days) and the T. diversifolia materials (2, 3, 12, 14, 17, 23 and 24). There was an increase in phenolic compounds with growing age and the highest values were reached at 90 days. Material 3 showed the highest content of total polyphenols (4.62 % DM) in the dry season, and 12 reached the highest concentration of total condensed tannins (2.33 % DM) in the rainy season. The studied materials showed differences in the content and type of phenolic compounds in both seasons of the year. This experiment will help to select the materials with the greatest biological potential for animal feeding. Future researches are suggested to identify the biological activity of these substances and their relation with the beneficial effects in animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]