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The ubiquity and pervasiveness of algorithms across various societal sectors entail risks and opportunities for individuals and social groups prompting critical reflection on how people perceive, understand, and interact with algorithms. This article conceptually addresses algorithm awareness, and methodologically provides a critical appraisal of research approaches for its study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BackgroundMethodsResultsConclusionsCyberbullying research has gained considerable attention among scholars due to the proliferation and diversification of the digital media platforms. Although cyberbullying research has a robust empirical nature, the research is more difficult to define and deserves close investigation. In response to the situation, we have examined topics, forms, context, media, predictive factors, outcomes, utilization of methodology, and research trends in cyberbullying research from 2014 to 2023.This study analyzed 3,588 articles to investigate the trend and development of cyberbullying research using the Scopus academic databases.85.87% of research focused on cyberbullying as ‘social issues’. 71.57% of articles focused on cyberbullying itself rather than specific forms of cyberbullying. 50.81% of articles focused on cyberbullying in middle/high school contexts. Most research did not state any predictive factors (39.83%) or outcomes (60.17%) suggested. The predominant research method used in cyberbullying research was via surveys (30.69%), while the second phase of research dominated the cyberbullying research agenda (victims and bullies in cyberbullying).Although Cyberbullying research has increased, broadened, and diversified over time, it still focuses primarily on the first phase of the research agenda of cyberbullying issues. The findings of this study provides a framework for new insights for future cyberbullying research and practices by suggesting exploration to different mechanisms of cyberbullying such as: victims/bullies, effects, and improvement of cyberbullying beyond the issues of cyberbullying itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neuropsychiatric disorders have an increasing percentage among the current human population, which is why the use of biodiversity elements in their treatment is a key aspect in the process of psychological rehabilitation, based on biophilia. It is currently used as an intermediate VR/AI tool to generate positive emotions and well-being, based on nature images of landscapes and biodiversity. Although there are a number of problems that arise in the use of VR / AI in the biomedical field, mainly due to legislative and ethical aspects, the digitization of the biomedical field represents the opening of new perspectives on the diagnosis and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders, resulting in new directions of scientific research aimed at significantly improving the study and understanding of the healing mechanisms of psychopathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the role of digital transformation in bolstering economic security within investment processes, emphasizing the integration of environmental sustainability. It discusses theoretical perspectives and methodological approaches that illuminate how digital technologies can enhance investment practices while ensuring environmental responsibility. The authors emphasize that leveraging digital transformation can not only mitigate risks and vulnerabilities but also bolster efficiency and transparency in investment decisionmaking while promoting sustainable practices. Through a review of pertinent literature, the article scrutinizes the advantages of digitalization in realms such as data analytics, automation, and artificial intelligence, highlighting the dual benefits of economic security and environmental stewardship. The findings enrich the existing knowledge base on economic security and underscore the significance of embracing digital transformation infused with environmental sustainability in the investment arena. This article furnishes valuable insights for policymakers, practitioners, and researchers navigating the evolving landscape of investment processes in an increasingly digitized and environmentally conscious world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. To analyse the methodological approaches to enterprise security management with the allocation of traditional ones and those transformed to modern uncertain conditions of functioning. Methodology. The methodological basis of the study was the scientific works by domestic and foreign scholars to identify the main theoretical provisions on approaches to security management, which were further analysed for their essence and feasibility of use in specific conditions of enterprise functioning. By combining the methods of analysis, synthesis, morphological analysis, and generalisations, the authors have managed to identify traditional approaches to enterprise management and those transformed to modern conditions which are inter-integrated and complementary. Findings. A map of the integration of traditional methodological approaches of enterprise security management and those transformed to modern conditions was formed and proposed, which can be used by enterprises to find effective approaches to security management depending on the object to which the management vector is immediately directed. Originality. The authors analyse a number of approaches to enterprise security management, starting with traditional approaches and moving towards their change depending on the conditions and environment of enterprise functioning. The authors trace the layering of several approaches on the traditional ones simultaneously, which is explained by the complication of the conditions of functioning of enterprises. The importance of finding approaches to management depending on the conditions of functioning of the enterprise and the security object to which security management is focused is emphasised. Practical value. The analysis and the results obtained are of practical value in terms of the feasibility of application at enterprises regardless of their industry, in addition to the effectiveness of the proposed map of approaches, which is variably integrated, taking into account the conditions and the object of management. This will allow one to broadly cover security issues and methodically solve them using a specifically selected approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Job insecurity, that is, the perceived threat of job loss or of valued job features, is a well‐documented stressor with negative consequences for employees. This lead article proposes to advance the field by going both deeper and broader in linking individual job insecurity experiences to their social context on the microlevel (individual characteristics), the mesolevel (the individual's immediate social context such as organizations) and the macrolevel (the wider context such as countries). Going deeper, we discuss theoretical and methodological approaches to investigate how job insecurity affects employees' experience of work but also their identity and life outside work—essentially, how people view themselves and their place in society. Going broader, we review evidence of macrolevel influences as predictors and moderators of job insecurity, as well as the effects of job insecurity on political attitudes and behaviour. Taken together, we discuss these two streams of research as top‐down and bottom‐up mechanisms in the interplay between individual job insecurity experiences and their socio‐political context. We conclude with suggestions for future research and theory development to move the field forward. We hope to provide a fruitful point of departure to delve into the mechanisms between experiences of job insecurity and the broader social context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'Philological sciences' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of speaking skills, whether in a native or a foreign language, remains a complex field of study that combines neurobiology, psychology, language methodology and linguistics. This article focuses on a less studied component of language or speaking skills called muscle memory. It sheds light on its roots – the main muscles and brain areas involved – as well as its role in verbal communication, articulation, and language acquisition in general. It further outlines a holistic methodological approach to (foreign) language and speaking training that offers practical implementation options to improve muscle memory and, with it, accurate pronunciation and fluency. With these two focal points – theoretic background alongside practical considerations –, the article attempts not only to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the influence of muscle memory on the development of speaking skills, but also aims to bridge the gap between neuromotor processes and methodological practices.

Metacognitive processing constitutes one of the contemporary target domains in consciousness research. Error monitoring (the ability to correctly report one's own errors without feedback) is considered one of the functional outcomes of metacognitive processing. Error monitoring is traditionally investigated as part of categorical decisions where choice accuracy is a binary construct (choice is either correct or incorrect). However, recent studies revealed that this ability is characterized by metric features (i.e., direction and magnitude) in temporal, spatial, and numerical domains. Here, we discuss methodological approaches to investigating metric error monitoring in both humans and non‐human animals and review their findings. The potential neural substrates of metric error monitoring measures are also discussed. This new scope of metacognitive processing can help improve our current understanding of conscious processing from a new perspective. Thus, by summarizing and discussing the perspectives, findings, and common applications in the metric error monitoring literature, this paper aims to provide a guideline for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to analyze the integration of qualitative-quantitative and quantitative-qualitative approaches in the methodological strategy. The study constitutes a theoretical nature essay, with a descriptive scope, which identifies the main categories used when referring to integration in the methodological strategy. To achieve this, an integrated analysis is carried out, establishing similarities and differences among each of these categories, to conclude with a proposal that identifies the potential of this type of approach in geographical studies. The complexity of the object of study in social sciences (affected by postmodern logics and linked to globalization) challenges the researcher to seek new flexible alternatives, but at the same time rigorous ones, that allow him to capture the essence of the reality under study. The article highlights the importance of incorporating combined approaches that enables a better understanding of the object of study, from a comprehensive viewpoint. Regarding the research techniques, the study applies a documentary analysis that articulates the systematization and analysis of reference studies in the area, which allowed developing a state of the question reconciling approaches from different fields of social sciences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde e Sociedade is the property of Universidade de Sao Paulo, Faculdade de Saude Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article considers and theoretically analyzes a complex of methodological approaches to the professional training of future specialists in physical culture and sports in modern universities of Ukraine. It is substantiated that methodological approaches fulfill a system-forming role in the professional training of future specialists, and their comprehensive use in the educational process contributes to the increasing of efficiency and competitiveness of graduates in the market of physical education and health-preserving services. It's proven that the competency-based approach in the professional training of future specialist of physical culture and sports is aimed at the development and formation of key and subject competencies of the individual; the result is the formation of general competencies or professionalism, including both key and subject competencies, and serves as an integrated personality characteristic. This characteristic is formed in the process of learning and covers knowledge, skills, attitude, activity experience, values and models of personality behavior. The systematic approach to the training of specialists in the field of physical culture and sports is determined as one of the key methodological foundations, as it allows considering the pedagogical process as a unified system with all interconnections between its components; the effectiveness of the functioning of such a system depends on both its ultimate goal and internal structure. The cultural approach in the system of professional education is interpreted as a set of theoretical and methodological principles in combination with organizational and pedagogical measures aimed at creating conditions for mastering and transmitting values and methods that contribute to the creative self-realization of a personality of physical culture and sports in the professional sphere. The cultural approach as a specific scientific methodology of cognition and transformation is based on axiology - the doctrine of values and the value structure of the world, actualizing the importance of the axiological approach, the essence of which is in directing professional education to the formation of a system of values among applicants that determine their attitude to the world, their own activities and to themselves as individuals and specialists. The essence of the acmeological approach is to determine ways to achieve competence; focus on humanistic development of the individual through the use of specific educational subjects; taking into account the motives, values and goals of a specialist in choosing ways of activity. Specific methodological approaches are focused on certain goals of professional training of future specialists in physical culture and sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Educational Sciences (2520-2634) is the property of Al-Farabi Kazakh National University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Constitutional History / Giornale di Storia Costituzionale is the property of Giornale di Storia Costituzionale (Journal of Constitutional History) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is focused on the conceptualisation of the methodological foundations of the anthropological dimension of the communicative space of media and communication technologies. This text examines various approaches and concepts with the help of which the problems of new communication technologies, in particular social networking sites and messengers, are currently being investigated. The article emphasises that the research methodology of media communication technologies is based and develops in the dimension of an interdisciplinary strategy, which involves the synthesis of philosophical-anthropological, mediaphilosophical and socio-philosophical approaches, which enables a complex and multifaceted study of the relationships and mutual influences between media technologies and development of personality and social practices, political and geopolitical processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring of local democracy is an important component of effective decision-making in the field of public administration as it forms the public trust in democracy. There are a number of methodological approaches to the analysis of local democracy in the world developed and used by international organizations and agencies, teams of scientists and researchers. The article systematizes a significant number of methods of monitoring local democracy. They are grouped with the results of research not only in local democracy, but also in terms of its development. The characteristics are considered and examples of methods of measuring democracy in the country, methods of monitoring political systems, methods of monitoring the democracy of public administration and methods of analysis of local government are given. Methods of measuring democracy in the country provide a comprehensive nature of monitoring and the results of indicators that characterize historical, economic, political and other processes. A condition for the dynamic development of local democracy is the development of the country’s political system based on democratic principles and the effectiveness of the public level at all levels. That is why the article systematizes the methods that allow determining the country’s progress in the formation of systemic conditions for the development of democracy. The main attention is paid to the methods of measuring local democracy, which allows to study the democratic nature of local governance, the strength and quality of local democracy, the level of use of e-technologies. The study of existing methods in terms of their content, advantages and disadvantages of application allows users to determine those approaches that will allow to obtain the most objective results of the analysis, to conduct comparisons across individual countries, territories and cities, as well as to identify problematic areas of lagging behind best practices.

The purpose of this article is to substantiate qualitative network analysis as a separate methodological approach to the study of relationships in the network. In this paper, I define the theoretical framework of the network approach as a whole, then I give a theoretical basis for qualitative network analysis. I designate theoretical concepts related to the study of the deep meanings of relationships in the network. The place of qualitative network analysis in network approaches is determined, among which two approaches to the division of methodologies are distinguished: the division into quantitative and qualitative methods and the division into quantitative, ego-network and qualitative network analysis. Next, I propose a systematization of network approaches at different levels, where network analysis of structures at the macro level, network analysis of subgroups at the meso level and ego-network analysis are distinguished, which can be both in the design of quantitative and qualitative research. The definition of qualitative network analysis is given, the main tasks of this methodology and examples of empirical research are proposed.

Relevance. Currently, the relevance of studying to identify the ability of many micromycetes to synthesize phytotoxic substances that reduce seed germination and lead to huge losses in the yield of strategic agricultural crops is increasing. To solve the problem, the development of new methodological approaches is required, which is significant for immunologists and phytopathologists.The purpose of this work is to determine the phytotoxic activity of micromycete strains from the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Bipolaris, parasitizing on all agricultural crops cultivated in Russia.Materials and methods. The strains, the methods of their cultivation, the bioassay method were used, and the statistical processing of the results obtained was carried out. A modification of some methodological approaches for assessing the phytotoxicity of micromycetes has been carried out. The selection of representative concentrations of culture fluid filtrates (FCF) of strains for phytotoxicity evaluation was carried out.Results. A correlation was established for all variants of the experiment between two independent parameters: the development parameters of wheat seedlings and the concentration of cultural liquid filtrates. New results have been obtained on the study of the phytotoxic activity of 70 strains of hemibiotrophic micromycetes and the optimal concentrations of fungal FAs for classifying fungal strains into toxicity groups have been established. The most variable toxicity values were found when using a 40% solution of FCL. It was shown that, under these conditions, fungal strains can be divided according to the degree of toxicity into significantly different groups. This circumstance is an important reason for including strains of micromycetes with certain toxicity properties in the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms. Fungal strains are necessary and appropriate for use in breeding to create resistant and tolerant varieties to phytopathogens from the genera Fusarium, Alternaria, Bipolaris.Conclusion. New methodological approaches have confirmed that the most variable toxicity values were found with the use of FCF in a ratio of 2:3. This concentration of FCF strains are divided into 4 groups with characteristic differences in the degree of toxicity, which is an important reason for including such strains of micromycetes in the State Collection of Phytopathogenic Microorganisms and will be further used in breeding to create resistant and tolerant varieties of agricultural crops.

This article provides an overview of e-learning technologies, highlights the effectiveness of blended learning compared to traditional teaching methods. The results of studies that confirm the effectiveness of blended learning compared to traditional methods are presented, as well as new E-learning technologies that can significantly improve learning outcomes, the didactic functions of digital educational resources are noted. The materials of the article will be useful to students who are interested in new technologies in education. The article notes the importance of innovative approaches to the organization of modern education.

This study assessed the microbial quality of water sources in winter by microbiological methods and molecular-based quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and potential future bacterial loads in the Alleben pond based on the increase in water temperature. Total bacteria, total coliform, and Escherichia coli levels using the qPCR were significantly higher in the water samples than those enumerated by culture-dependent microbiological methods. These results showed that our qPCR approach is suitable to estimate the relative abundances of uncultured and cultured indicator microorganisms affected by the water characteristics. Based on our climate data, the daily average rate of 1.8 °C/increase associated with air temperature for the pond was recorded. As a result of the warming of the water surface, temperature thresholds in winter may breach and, thus, the physicochemical and biological properties of the pond may change by increasing bacterial growth rates. This study is the first analysis to apply combined climate change with molecular approaches to better understand how bacterial concentrations in aquatic environments may change in the future based on air temperature variations for the Gaziantep region. This analysis indicates developing surface water treatment measures and climate adaptation strategies that may reduce bacterial contamination in the Alleben pond. HIGHLIGHTS This study analyses the warming of the water surface as the factor affecting the bacterial quality of the pond.; A large amount of data collection including meteorological air temperature data of the Gaziantep for the past 30 years.; Bacterial contamination in the Alleben pond exceeds the acceptable levels (0 MPN/100 mL) according to WHO (2017) and TS266 (2005) guidelines.;

This manuscript reflects on the affordances and limitations of methodological approaches commonly adopted by science education researchers examining learner identities. Our aims are to unpack the relative strengths and weaknesses of such approaches and note their respective prevalence. In so doing, we identify and critique studies which we consider exemplify the different approaches and, in turn, note the direction of fruitful developments and the nature of key challenges. From our review of the field, we suggest that three discrete methodological approaches can be identified: macro-studies within a psychological tradition; macro-studies within a sociological tradition; and micro-studies within an interpretive tradition. Our review comprised a critical analysis of papers included in the Web of Science databases published between 1998 and 2018. A total of 198 papers examining aspects of learner identity relating to science were identified. Of these, the majority (146) were categorised as micro-studies within an interpretive tradition. We discuss the implications of methodological choices for the advancement of understanding and further note ambiguities in the field particularly in relation to the ways in which learner identity research is conceived. We also raise questions for the field relating to the ways in which findings may be scaled, and how the field might develop to allow stronger theoretical and conceptual coherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Kroatologija is the property of University of Zagreb, Centre for Croatian Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digitalization and digital transformation of companies have turned from global trends to an urgent need. Thanks to digitalization and digital transformation, organizations can overcome the times of crisis, the times of lockdowns with less losses and respond more effectively to any adverse changes in the external environment. The assessment of the level of digitalization and digital transformation allows to determine how fast the processes of introducing digital technologies and optimizing processes with digital solutions proceed, both in companies and across the industry as a whole. The article provides an analysis with the systematization of foreign and domestic methods, methodological approaches, methods for assessing the digitalization level and digital transformation, as well as reveals their positive and negative aspects. Based on a comparative analysis, an improved author-developed methodological toolkit is proposed for assessing the level of digitalization and digital transformation, alleviating the disadvantages of the existing methodological experience. The approbation of the author-developed methodological toolkit was performed using the oil and gas industry as an example; the following companies, being the industry leaders, were analysed: PJSC “Lukoil”, PJSC “NK “Rosneft”, PJSC “Gazprom”, and PJSC “Tatneft”. According to the results, the digitalization and digital transformation processes of the domestic oil and gas industry are insufficiently dynamic. It was found that in the period from 2016 to 2020, the Russian Federation industry leaders were in the following order from the most advanced to the least advanced in terms of the digitalization level and digital transformation: PJSC “Gazprom” topped the list; PJSC “NK “Rosneft” was second; PJSC “Lukoil” was the third largest company, and PJSC “Tatneft” held the fourth position.

In economics, earning has traditionally been viewed as a quantitative category. This article provides an original perspective on earning - in terms of quality that allows taking a fresh look at revenue. The author's scientific and methodological approach to assessing the quality of earning, developed in this article, takes into account the following criteria: 1. The official (or shadow) nature of the earnings and their contribution to the staff retirement plan, its creditworthiness, the formation of the earning part of the state budget (payment of taxes); 2. The size, dynamics and comparative characteristics of the actually available earning; 3. Positive or negative consequences of receiving earning for society and the environment (for example, revenue from criminal activity, poaching and other prohibited activities will be of low quality); 4. Contribution of earning to the image of the country (for example, the currency in which revenue is obtained); 5. Consequences of receiving earning for meeting the needs of the employee according to A. Maslow's pyramid (unleashing human potential, building a career, working in specialty); 6. Contribution to the reduction (or increase) of inequality in earning. The advantages of the developed scientific and methodological approach to assessing the quality of earning are that it allows comparing representatives of different professions and sectors of the economy, different regions and countries from the point of view of the quality of earning, as well as studying the dynamics of changes in the quality of earning. Due to this, not quantity (nominal revenue) but the quality will determine the features of employees when receiving income.

Исследуются концептуальные основы формирования электоральной культуры учителя. Актуальность работы обусловлена необходимостью повышения электоральной активности граждан и мотивации к участию в электоральном процессе. Предлагается новый взгляд на участие в электоральном процессе через призму электоральной культуры. Электоральная культура рассматривается как часть общей культуры, которую необходимо начинать формировать как можно раньше. В этом процессе должны участвовать не только семья, но и образовательные учреждения. Поэтому можно предположить, что наибольшим потенциалом в формировании электоральной культуры обладает учитель. В связи с этим необходимо формировать электоральную культуру у учителей и представление о технологиях трансляции электоральной культуры. А электоральная культура может быть сформирована только в специальной кросс-многоуровневой образовательной среде, которая создает условия для этого. Концептуальные основы формирования электоральной культуры представлены основными положениями, понятийно-категориальным аппаратом, методологическими основаниями, теоретическими основами, смысловым центром концепции, содержательно-смысловым наполнением, педагогическими условиями и апробацией концепции. Представлен алгоритм реализации концепции, позволяющий проследить логику движения от теоретических положений к практической реализации. Подробно продемонстрированы целевые установки концепции, определяющие ее содержание, а также правовая и нормативная основа, которая положена в основу разработки концепции. Особое внимание уделено педагогическим условиям реализации концепции и теоретическим основаниям. Охарактеризованы границы применения концепции. В качестве теоретико-методологической основы концепции предлагается четырехуровневая иерархическая структура методологических оснований, включающая подходы на различных уровнях. Практическим результатом реализации концепции является программа дополнительного образования для учителей, ориентированная на формирование электоральной культуры.

В статье представлена модель профессиональных компетенций воспитателя дошкольного образования, опирающаяся на результаты исследований понятия «профессиональная компетенция» с позиций аксиологического, системного и компетентностного подходов. Представлены основные положения данных подходов применительно к проблеме исследования. Охарактеризованы четыре компонента, составляющие построенную модель: мотивационно-личностный, когнитивный, деятельностный и рефлексивный. Представлен анализ их содержания и связи между ними.

В статье проанализированы методологические подходы к преподаванию химических дисциплин в фармацевтическом образовании и показаны преимущества каждого из них при формировании профессиональной компетентности будущих фармацевтов. Отмечено, что системный подход позволяет чётко определять приоритетные направления преподавания, структурировать обучающие задачи. Деятельностный подход реализуется как при выполнении лабораторных работ, в ходе которых отрабатываются исследовательские умения, так и во время решения профессионально направленных задач. Интегративный подход способствует созданию внутренней мотивации соискателей образования и личностного профессионального развития. Личностно ориентированный подход реализуется через использование профессионально ориентированных задач разного уровня сложности, решение которых моделирует ситуации, с которыми соискатели профессионального высшего образования столкнутся в реальной профессиональной деятельности. Компетентностный подход объединяет образовательный процесс и его понимание, в процессе которого происходит становление личностной позиции будущего фармацевтического работника, формируется его отношение к предмету деятельности. Технологический подход характеризует направленность в обучении химии на оптимизацию, интенсификацию, усовершенствование, повышение результативности обучения.

In the last 40 years in much of the western world dropout rates in higher education have remained almost unchanged. Although student retention seems to be the most studied and discussed aspect, nearly every empirical study on the causes of dropout in higher education and even more the impact of retention actions carried out by universities, in most cases have achieved modest results. This paper argues that this fact finds its explanation, to a certain extent, in the nature of the methodological approaches and factual supports of the empirical studies that most of those actions were based on. In this regard, there are strong arguments and empirical evidence that reveal the deficient nature of the factual basis of the most accepted models, theorizations and measurements on dropout in higher education. Among them are those that underlie the models proposed in 2012 by Vincent Tinto and Adam Seidman, the two main current references on the subject. The most significant questions point to the low reliability of the inferences produced from the application of surveys, especially the national survey of student engagement, very recurrently applied throughout the western world in empirical studies on dropout in higher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many researchers study international adoption. However, to date, no systematic analysis has been conducted to characterize this field in the social sciences, in terms of disciplinary origins, methodological approaches and theories used. Therefore, it is difficult to obtain an overall picture of basic trends and of marginal or even incomplete ones. This situation can slow down the development of knowledge regarding international adoption. Our scoping review is based on a systematic survey of studies published from 2000 to 2019 (n = 164). The results demonstrate that: (1) researchers specialized in psychology dominate this field of study; (2) the quantitative approach is most widely used; and (3) cognitive-behavioral, ethnic and racial identity as well as attachment theories are the main perspectives adopted. This article concludes by discussing the consequences of this situation, as well as relevant avenues for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article considers the world experience in establishing institutions and scientific and methodological approaches to planning of the communities and economy adaptation to climate change and organization of the planning of the process above. An analysis of the criteria for assessing the quality of adaptation plans and the generalized assessment of national adaptation plans developed in over 30 foreign countries is presented, and their features and typical problems are identified. The state of adaptation planning process in Russia is briefly contemplated. The major role and contribution of planning and implementation of adaptation measures in shaping the strategy of sustainable socioeconomic development of Russia is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific rigor requires the deepening of methodological matter, especially in crisis scenarios questioning the validity of scientific procedures and raising criticisms about the theorization and dissemination of tourism knowledge. In this sense, the purpose of this article is to discuss the scientific production in tourism through the perspective of methodological approaches. The analysis focuses on the subfield of 'tourism network'. The research is based on the complexity method. It adapted the ProKnow-C methodological process for collecting data, which was analysed through the triangulation of content analysis, multiple correspondence, and correlation techniques. The main results revealed that many researchers do not make explicit the scientific method used in their research. Besides, it showed that there is no correlation between the scientific method and the research procedures. In this sense, there is a need for an epistemological deepening in research on the tourism field to overcome scientific methods' knowledge limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Pensamiento Político is the property of Revista Internacional de Pensamiento Politico - Universidad Pablo de Olavide and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In economics, earning has traditionally been viewed as a quantitative category. This article provides an original perspective on earning - in terms of quality that allows taking a fresh look at revenue. The author's scientific and methodological approach to assessing the quality of earning, developed in this article, takes into account the following criteria: 1. The official (or shadow) nature of the earnings and their contribution to the staff retirement plan, its creditworthiness, the formation of the earning part of the state budget (payment of taxes); 2. The size, dynamics and comparative characteristics of the actually available earning; 3. Positive or negative consequences of receiving earning for society and the environment (for example, revenue from criminal activity, poaching and other prohibited activities will be of low quality); 4. Contribution of earning to the image of the country (for example, the currency in which revenue is obtained); 5. Consequences of receiving earning for meeting the needs of the employee according to A. Maslow's pyramid (unleashing human potential, building a career, working in specialty); 6. Contribution to the reduction (or increase) of inequality in earning. The advantages of the developed scientific and methodological approach to assessing the quality of earning are that it allows comparing representatives of different professions and sectors of the economy, different regions and countries from the point of view of the quality of earning, as well as studying the dynamics of changes in the quality of earning. Due to this, not quantity (nominal revenue) but the quality will determine the features of employees when receiving income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes modern domestic and foreign experience in the implementation of inclusive education and its personnel support. An analysis of the practice of assisting and the peculiarities of the implementation of the domestic model of the activity of a teacher's assistant in an inclusive educational institution was carried out, the domestic legislative and regulatory field regarding the activity of a teacher's assistant was analyzed, as well as ways of its improvement. One of the predicted conditions for the formation of methodical competence of a teacher's assistant is the disclosure of the factors of effective implementation of educational activities due to the development of methodical thinking, methodical culture, methodical mobility and creativity. The introduction of the competency-based approach to education creates the need to develop a new theoretical base based on the use of the achievements of the European pedagogical system in coordination with domestic science and practice. A competent approach in education makes it possible to create a new model of learning to overcome the problem of the traditional system and ensure effective and targeted learning. The article highlights the components of the teaching assistant's methodological competence, their structure and basic principles. The active component of methodical competence determines the practical orientation of the work of a teacher's assistant in the conditions of inclusive education. The basis of methodical competence is knowledge of the methodological and theoretical bases of certain methods, conceptual foundations, structure and content of teaching aids, as well as developed skills in using professional knowledge in certain pedagogical activities during the performance of basic professional and methodical functions. It is important in the context of the description of the basic aspects of the development of the methodological competence of teaching assistants to reveal the basic principles of inclusive education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The methodology for health risk assessment and hygienic standardization of chemicals often neglects such a vulnerable population group as people with chronic non-communicable diseases. According to the data provided by the WHO, the prevalence of such pathologies is high in many European countries; therefore, when a disease burden in a certain population is unaccounted for, this may result in lower accuracy of accomplished assessments. On the other hand, introduction of too conservative safe factors when hygienic standards are being developed for chemicals in various media leads to high uncertainty and excessive limitations. Our research goal was to provide scientific substantiation for a methodology for using experimental pathology models to improve reliability of hygienic standardization and accuracy of health risk assessments for sensitive population groups (people suffering from non-chronic communicable diseases) under exposure to naturally occurring chemicals. Another goal was to test this methodology by performing a case study on drinking water. The testing results indicate that a chronic 6-month exposure to model substances produced more apparent toxic effects on experimental animals with model pathologies (spontaneous hypertension and experimental histamine-induced nephropathy) in comparison with “healthy” animals. This allowed us to recommend using experimental models of congenital and induced animal pathology bearing in mind target organs for toxic effects produced by the analyzed chemicals to substantiate hygienic standards, health risks taken into account. This should be done at the stage when dose-dependent reactions are identified (determination of no-effect and / or threshold levels) in addition to studies performed on “healthy” animals. It is most appropriate to use this approach when the following conditions are met: 1) a research object is naturally occurring chemicals that are widely spread in the environment due to its natural formation; 2) pathologies of organs (systems) that are targets for biological effects produced by the tested chemicals are widely spread in a population (circulatory diseases, diseases of the excretory system, etc.).

Orientation: Research has highlighted the significant role of entrepreneurship education and training (EET) in transforming individual lives, communities and nations. Research purpose: The purpose of the study was to explore the impact measurements of entrepreneurship education outcomes by exploring its indicators and methodological approaches and its associated challenges. Motivation for the study: The impact measurement of entrepreneurship education is an under-researched area of study. This study intends to close this gap. Research design, approach and method: A scoping review was conducted on 80 articles and dissertations using the Arksey and O’Malley framework to explore the extent, range and nature of literature on the impact measurements of entrepreneurship education. Main findings: The study found three leading impact measurement indicators of entrepreneurship education – the subjective, objective and institutional-framework. The most commonly utilised methods of measuring the impact of entrepreneurship education are the pre and post-test or post-test, longitudinal and experimental designs. The findings also reveal that the primary challenge of impact measurement studies is self-selection of individuals who participate in EET programmes because of their desire to pursue entrepreneurial activities. Practical/managerial implications: The impact measurement indicators of entrepreneurship education should be tailored to a specific audience and stakeholders’ perspectives and also assess the participant’s development, society and the national economy. The article, situated on the premise of the constructivists’ recommendation that learners are not tabula rasas; the measurement of the impact of entrepreneurship education should instead focus on ex-post results and not pre-post results. Contribution/value-add: The study could assist entrepreneurship education curriculum evaluators to understand the various indicators and methods of measuring the impact of entrepreneurship education.

The article attempts an author's technology to develop the creative abilities of preschool children in drawing classes. The authors have reviewed the latest neurophysiological aspects of creativity and have taken them into account in modeling the framework model of the development of creative abilities of preschool children in drawing classes. The aim of the article is to pursue two successive theoretical and methodological steps: a natural neurophysiological justification of the educational law of forming the visual development of elementary school children valid for teachers' understanding and use and a framework morphed structuring of reflexive, cognitive, and reflective activity of schoolchildren. It is possible with synergetic and, in fact, parallel realization of sensitivity, figurative assimilation of signals of the surrounding world, acquisition of experience and (as a cumulative result) - spontaneous, but framed by facilitative intervention, creative realization of the child's deep needs. The main result of the article was that we realized: a training module can be represented as a synergy of educationalneurophysiological correlations. That is, training modules consist, on the one hand, of target, content, technological and productive settings and expectations, and on the other hand, these settings are inseparable from associative, sensual-aesthetic, activity and motivational (cognition - satisfaction) manifestations of children's psyche. The international significance of the article lies in the reception of the latest pedagogical and neurophysiological ideas for development of creative abilities in preschool children for development of the author's technology. This can be used by practicing teachers as a model for implementation of pedagogical style in the cultural, social and educational conditions of the Eastern European region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The primary source of development of transport and logistics systems is an investment. In countries with developed economies, investment in the development of transport and logistics systems is one of the most effective tools for influencing economic growth, leveling socio-economic disparities in regional development, and stimulating business activity in priority areas. This research is devoted to theoretical and applied organizational bases to substantiate the use of foreign experience of the multiplier effect of investment development of transport and logistics systems and analysis of sound methodological approaches for Ukraine. The article tests the authors' hypothesis about the adequacy of the proposed methodological approaches, which provide for the definition of the multiplier and accelerator of investment in the development of the transport and logistics system. To analyze the impact of investments on the economic development of Ukraine's national and regional systems, the authors proposed the calculation of the coefficient of the investment multiplier (Keynes multiplier). Statistical data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine are used as the basis of the measures. Furthermore, the authors adapted the appropriate calculation method to determine the multiplier of investments in developing regional transport and logistics systems. After all, in economic models, the multiplier is used to determine the amount of investment in year t, which must be attracted to increase production (services) in period t+1, which is k times less than the increase in this production. The calculated indicators of the multiplier of investments in the transport and logistics system showed that in terms of regions, the highest multiplier effect of assets in the development of transportation, warehousing, and communications (more than twice) as of the end of 2020 is observed in Volyn, Zakarpattia, Lviv, Mykolaiv, Poltava, and Chernihiv regions. In 2020, the multiplier effect of more than five times the GRP increase in transport investment compared to 2016 was typical for some oblasts whose transport potential is used most intensively due to the geographical location of major transport routes and key transport hubs in the territory. In particular, these are Lviv (growth more than seven times), Chernihiv (6 times), Kyiv (almost five times), Mykolaiv (4 times), Poltava, and Odesa regions. In general, with various deviations in specific periods during 2016 - 2020, the multiplier effect of investing in the development of transport and logistics on GRP and the level of investment activity of economic entities was observed in all regions of Ukraine. The results of the calculations allow us to assess the extent to which the marginal propensity to save limits the growth of the volume of logistics services. Accordingly, a change in the component of aggregate costs leads to an even more significant difference in the equilibrium volume of logistics services, which reproduces the multiplier effect. It was determined that achieving the effect of an accelerator and multiplier of investments in the transport and logistics sector requires a comprehensive analysis and rational planning of capital investments in the industry and their compliance with the needs and trends of the development of the regional, national and world economy. In this context, an urgent task at the level of territorial management systems is developing a strategy for the development of warehouse logistics as an integrative component of transport and logistics systems, taking into account the proposed methods of evaluating efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Relevance of the research topic. The article is devoted to the problem of improving the methodology of formation of tariffs on maritime transport, the relevance of which is confirmed in the National Transport Strategy of Ukraine until 2030, the Strategy for Seaports of Ukraine until 2038, the Maritime Doctrine of Ukraine until 2035. Analysis of recent research and publications. The author provides an overview of foreign research on the problems of tariff policy, investment restrictions in the shipping sector, determining the transport costs of maritime transport and their impact on international trade flows. Problem setting, research goals. The aim of the article is to improve methodological approaches to the formation of tariffs for maritime transport. Selection of unexplored parts of the general problem. Despite the large number of scientific studies on the problems of improving tariffs on maritime transport, it should be noted the lack of domestic methodological work. Presentation of the main material. The author identifies the factors that affect costs: the difference in capital costs and labor costs; geographical location, especially the distance of transportation; level of insurance fees; return on scale; development of container transportation, technological changes in the transport sector; quality of terrestrial infrastructure; port efficiency; political measures and investment restrictions, organized crime; a certain level of state regulation. Conclusions according to the article. In Ukraine, it is necessary to introduce methodological approaches to the development of tariffs that would take into account the cost of goods transported, production costs, «value» of products for the final consumer, the interests of other transport participants (shipper, freight forwarder, carrier, terminal operator, consignee).

Emotion has an essential effect on various cognitive processes in humans including attention, perception, learning, and memory. Long-term memories are affected not only by the emotion experienced during learning but also by the emotional state during retrieval. The term “emotional memory” is often associated with episodic memory and mental time-travel; however, emotion influences every aspect of memory (e.g., both declarative memory and nondeclarative memory). Here the authors discuss the methodological advantages and limitations across the current methods in emotional memory research. Traditional neuropsychological methods use emotionally arousing stimuli; however, such stimuli are often reduced to a simple list of words or pictures. In comparison to these methods, virtual reality (VR) is a relatively new tool, but with growing importance in neuroscience research and clinical practice. VR allows to study human behavior, cognitive functions, and brain activity in ecologically valid situations even under laboratory conditions. Future directions and potential use of virtual reality in emotional memory testing are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]