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Authenticity is a positive force for adolescent development. Taking middle school students as the main research objects, this paper examines the causal mechanism between state authenticity (SA) and sense of meaning in life through two studies: the diary method and authenticity level increase experiment. In study 1, through the daily diary data tracking investigation of 130 middle school students in daily life situations, the basic psychological needs (BPNs) and satisfaction with life (SWL) play a chain mediating role between state authenticity and sense of daily meaning in life. State authenticity has a one-way prediction effect on sense of meaning in life. In study 2, 140 participants were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group). Middle school students in the experimental group were activated to recall the authenticity experience events to enhance the level of personal authenticity, and it was found that the subjects reported a higher sense of meaning in life. This study reveals the causal mechanism between authenticity and sense of meaning of life, which has positive practical significance for exploring ways to enhance the sense of meaning of life of middle school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On cotton farms in western Burkina Faso, draught cattle, which play a vital role (energy, manure, and others) in the sustainability of the farming system, are more affected by the fodder deficit in the dry season. Crop residues from cereals grown mainly in rotation with cotton can play an important role in coping with this situation. This study analysed the availability of cereal stalks for optimal use in animal feed. The study was conducted in nine villages in the Mouhoun and Tuy provinces of Burkina Faso’s western cotton-growing zone and involved 72 cotton farmers, livestock breeders, and agro-pastoralists. Data collection consisted of household surveys and biomass measurements of the main maize, millet, and sorghum plots, using 522 plots of 25m2. The nutritional value of the crop residues was estimated using near-infrared spectrometry. The results showed that the average area sown for maize, millet, and sorghum were 3.8 ± 3.7, 2.9 ± 2.3 and 1.7 ± 1.4 hectares, respectively. Biomass yields were 3.2 ± 1.4, 2.5 ± 0.9 and 4.9 ± 2.6 tons of dry matter per hectare, respectively, with respective animal carrying capacities of 2.0 ± 0.9, 2.0 ± 0.9 and 3.0 ± 1.6 tropical cattle units (TCU) per hectare. The seasonal fodder balances recorded for farmers’ stockbreeders and agro-pastoralists were 0.68, 22.59, and -2.24 TCU, respectively. The average metabolisable energy content (7.55 MJ/kg of dry matter) and in vitro digestibility (46.89 ± 2.57%) of sorghum residues were respectively higher than those of millet (6.56 ± 0.35 MJ/kgDM et 41.83 ±0,88 %) and maize (7.10 ± 0.58 MJ/kgDM et 44.40 ± 0.86%). The total nitrogen content of the cereal stalks was low. They were between 3.16 ± 0.27% and 4.64 ± 0.81% for sorghum and maize harvest residues, respectively, which highlights the need for protein supplementation in the use of these harvest residues on cotton farms. If producers focused more on sorghum, this could improve the supply of fodder and strengthen the integration of agriculture and livestock farming, and hence the sustainability of the production system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The working environment of tractors is harsh and the working conditions are very complicated. To cope with this complex and changeable working environment, this paper presents a hybrid tractor powertrain loaded with hydraulic mechanical combined transmission (HMCVT). The powertrain can switch modes according to different operating environments. During mode switching, impact loads can cause wear and even damage to the transmission components. Interrupting the power transmission will reduce the tractor's operational efficiency. In this paper, the orthogonal experimental range analysis method was proposed to optimize the quality of mode switching. Mode switching involves interactions between clutches. Orthogonal table L16 (215) was selected to design the orthogonal table head. SimulationX was used for simulation. Employing MINITAB range analysis yielded the optimal results. The simulations indicated a reduction in the output shaft's velocity drop amplitude from 17.647% to 6.591%. The dynamic load coefficient decreased from 2.743 to 1.857. The impact strength was reduced from 14.125 to 5.67 m/s3. The switching time was reduced from 2.13 to 1.71 s. We built a model-in-the-loop (MIL) test platform to validate the results. The MIL test results were compared with the simulation results. Our findings indicate a degree of discrepancy between the simulated and the experimental results, yet the overall trends remain largely consistent. The correctness of the optimal scheme obtained from the orthogonal experiment is verified. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of powertrain mode switching in hybrid tractors equipped with HMCVT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Media Education - Studi, Ricerche e Buone Pratiche is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The wars of the 21st century are not the first media wars, and many tropes and schema have long histories, particularly propaganda and the othering of a purported enemy. What is new today is that although mass media remains a central and hegemonic source of insight and perspective, citizen journalism, social media, spreadable media, and surveillant, data-driven media have grown in significance at an exponential level, adding a layer of complexity. In this article, we focus on disparity in media coverage and make the point that media and information literacy provide a valuable set of lenses from which to view a cluster of news and social media accounts taken from the government, mainstream media, alternative media, and the DIY mediasphere of the social media. It centers on two conflicts that receive little media exposure-the Nagorno-Karabash conflict between Armenia and Azerbaijan and the internal Anglo-Francophone conflict in Cameroon. It also offers examples of classroom activities that could be adapted and modified to most educational settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The ideal option of food for a newborn's nourishment has traditionally been human breast milk (HBM). Previous studies have demonstrated a connection between the length of exclusively breastfeeding and its preventive effects on several conditions in neonates. Considering the significance of HBM, the study aimed at detecting the expression of microRNA (miR126*, miR155, miR21, and miR29a) in the breast milk cell fraction of women with hypertension. This was a cohort study of 35 postpartum women. Material and methods: Five ml of milk was collected into a sterile container from patients in the morning on the second and third days after the labor. The collected milk has been centrifuged, total cellular RNA has been isolated from cell fraction from the collected milk, isolated RNA has been subject to qualitative and quantitative analysis, next reverse transcription has been conducted, followed by that, evaluation of the expression of the selected microRNA has been conducted using the synthesized cDNA. Finally, the tested microRNA's relative expression level has been calculated. Results: Among patients with hypertension, the analysis of cell fraction of breast milk reported lower mean expression of miR126*, miR155, miR21, and miR29a as compared to patients without hypertension. Strong and very strong positive correlation between the expression of miR126* and miR155, miR126* and miR21, miR155 and miR21, miR 155 and miR29a, and miR 21 and miR29a have been noted. Conclusions: Comparing patients with and without hypertension, it has been noted that patients with hypertension had lower mean expression of miR126*, miR155, miR21, and miR29a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alteridad: Revista de Educación is the property of Universidad Politecnica Salesiana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses using of generative neural networks in education, especially in legal education, as an example, employing formal analysis in the context of the Russian legal system. Neural networks are considered as a kind of media and hence the issue of using neural networks by students is by nature a question of media education, its application, and its limits. The core question is whether it is possible to give students the opportunity to use generative neural networks when performing tasks like writing a diploma. Neural networks are considered as a kind of “new media” that must be assessed in the context of the media philosophy dichotomy between “tool” and “body”. The article reviews several scenarios of law students using neural networks and the conclusion is provided that not in all cases it is inadmissible. However, in the cases that concern the core competences that relate to understanding law as a phenomenon of information and communication, it is inadmissible. Such core competences imply command of natural language and writing reasoning skills. It is critical to take into an account the provisions of the legislation that focus on the concept and purposes of education which clarify the matter on the formal side. Ultimately, the “blackout test” is suggested to discern the cases were using of neural networks in education is not possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Le mil est l’une des plantes alimentaires les plus cultivées au Niger. Cette étude, menée dans le village de Digargo au Niger, a pour objectif d’évaluer les effets combinés du zaï et du nombre de plants par poquet sur les paramètres de croissance et de rendement du mil. Un dispositif expérimental en randomisation totale avec trois (3) répétitions a été mis en place et deux (2) facteurs ont été étudiés. Le facteur (A) a deux (2) niveaux A1 et A2 où le mil est semé respectivement sur un sol traité en zaï et sur un sol témoin et le facteur (B) nombre de plants par poquet avec cinq (5) niveaux (B1, B2, B3, B4 et B5). Les meilleurs rendements en grains ont été obtenus sur les sols traités en zaï avec trois (3) et quatre (4) plants par poquet, notamment A1B3 et A1B4, avec respectivement 2523 et 2187 kg/ha. D’autre part, l’ACP montre que les traitements A1B3 et A1B4 se caractérisent par un bon rendement en épis, en grains et un poids élevé des mille grains. Le traitement en zaï contribue à améliorer les rendements des cultures et peut être proposé pour une gestion agroécologique de la fertilité des sols. Mots clés: Mil, zaï, croissance, rendement, Niger

The sway frequency is an important component of the dynamic characteristics of trees. Video-based methods can be used to measure the sway frequencies of trees. The key to successfully measuring tree sway frequency using video methods lies in whether the tracking method employed is appropriate. Based on six algorithms, i.e., Boosting, TLD, MIL, KCF, MOSSE and CSR-DCF, the tracking performance and accuracy of tree sway frequency measurements were investigated under two conditions: artificial excitation and environmental excitation. The results show that the following: (1) In terms of the tracking speed of tree sway, MOSSE > KCF > CSR-DCF > Boosting > MIL > TLD. (2) The TLD algorithm is not suitable for tree sway tracking. Boosting, MIL, MOSSE, KCF and CSR-DCF can be used for tree sway tracking. (3) Boosting, MIL and MOSSE are suitable for measuring the sway frequency of artificially excited branches and environmentally excited trees. (4) KCF and CSR-DCF algorithms are not suitable for the measurement of branch sway frequency under artificial excitation conditions but can be used for the measurement of tree sway frequency under environmental excitation conditions. However, it should be noted that this experiment only takes a Betula platyphylla Sukaczev tree and a Betula platyphylla Sukaczev branch as the research object to verify the effectiveness and feasibility of each tracking method, and does not verify the generalization ability of the above methods (on multiple tree species and multiple trees). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper describes the developed curvilinear motion simulation model for a vehicle with two traction electric motors moving on a solid surface used to study the dynamic properties of a wheeled vehicle and to subject the developed methods to virtual testing. The simulation model of the electric all-wheel drive vehicle is carried out in the Simcenter Amesim environment to account for the dynamic characteristics and features of the vehicle. The simulation model was developed based on the drawn requirements while the assumptions were justified. Inertia characteristics, tire characteristics, suspension elements, grip characteristics, and surface and air resistance were considered, as these factors affect the vehicle longitudinal and transverse dynamics. The article presents the model implemented in the "Labcar" system and confirms its adequacy by comparing it with the data obtained during the full-scale prototype tests. The bench and range tests of a test vehicle with electric transmission equipped with a measuring complex confirmed the adequacy of the developed model. The results of comparative tests allow for the conclusion that the developed model complex is suitable for modeling purposes, including studying, debugging and initial calibrations of the algorithm of torque distribution on the driving axles of all-wheel drive electric vehicle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authenticity is a positive force for adolescent development. Taking middle school students as the main research objects, this paper examines the causal mechanism between state authenticity (SA) and sense of meaning in life through two studies: the diary method and authenticity level increase experiment. In study 1, through the daily diary data tracking investigation of 130 middle school students in daily life situations, the basic psychological needs (BPNs) and satisfaction with life (SWL) play a chain mediating role between state authenticity and sense of daily meaning in life. State authenticity has a one-way prediction effect on sense of meaning in life. In study 2, 140 participants were randomly divided into two groups (experimental group and control group). Middle school students in the experimental group were activated to recall the authenticity experience events to enhance the level of personal authenticity, and it was found that the subjects reported a higher sense of meaning in life. This study reveals the causal mechanism between authenticity and sense of meaning of life, which has positive practical significance for exploring ways to enhance the sense of meaning of life of middle school students.

The working environment of tractors is harsh and the working conditions are very complicated. To cope with this complex and changeable working environment, this paper presents a hybrid tractor powertrain loaded with hydraulic mechanical combined transmission (HMCVT). The powertrain can switch modes according to different operating environments. During mode switching, impact loads can cause wear and even damage to the transmission components. Interrupting the power transmission will reduce the tractor’s operational efficiency. In this paper, the orthogonal experimental range analysis method was proposed to optimize the quality of mode switching. Mode switching involves interactions between clutches. Orthogonal table L16 (215) was selected to design the orthogonal table head. SimulationX was used for simulation. Employing MINITAB range analysis yielded the optimal results. The simulations indicated a reduction in the output shaft’s velocity drop amplitude from 17.647% to 6.591%. The dynamic load coefficient decreased from 2.743 to 1.857. The impact strength was reduced from 14.125 to 5.67 m/s3. The switching time was reduced from 2.13 to 1.71 s. We built a model-in-the-loop (MIL) test platform to validate the results. The MIL test results were compared with the simulation results. Our findings indicate a degree of discrepancy between the simulated and the experimental results, yet the overall trends remain largely consistent. The correctness of the optimal scheme obtained from the orthogonal experiment is verified. This study provides a theoretical basis for the optimization of powertrain mode switching in hybrid tractors equipped with HMCVT.

Nepal has high prevalence of early marriage and remains a patrilocal society with women moving into their husbands' home after marriage. Spousal relationship quality can be an important predictor of health and mental well-being of married women in a patriarchal setting like Nepal but is understudied in this population. We examined the association between spousal relationship quality, mother-in-law relationship quality and mental health among newly married women in Nepal. We recruited 200 newly married women aged 18–25 years within 4 months of their marriage cohabiting with their mothers-in-law and collected four rounds of data at 6-month intervals between 2018 and 2020 in Nawalparasi district of Nepal. Depressive symptom severity was measured using Hopkins Symptom Checklist Depression and relationship quality with spouse was measured using Couples' Relationship Quality scale. We fitted a random effects linear regression model to estimate if women’s spousal relationship quality and mother-in-law relationship quality were associated with depressive symptom severity, controlling for socio-demographic covariates and secular trends. We conducted a sensitivity analysis using linear fixed effects and logistic random effects models. Our results suggest that better relationship quality with the spouse was positively associated with reduced depression among women, and greater relationship quality with the mother-in-law was also positively associated with lower levels of depression. Furthermore, our results suggest that the relationship with mothers-in-law moderates the association between spousal relationship quality and depression. This highlights the importance of considering the interplay of these relationships among this vulnerable population who are faced with multiple stressors, including the risk of depression and strained marital relationships. Our results underscore the importance of addressing the role of both husbands and mothers-in-law as key stakeholders in advancing the mental health outcomes of newly married women.

In this article, a hybrid powertrain for the Volkswagen (VW) Crafter is designed using the Model-In-The-Loop (MIL) method. An enhanced Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique based on integral cost functions is developed by carrying out a time-based simulation in MATLAB/Simulink software to realize the optimal fuel economy of the vehicle. Moreover, a comparative study is conducted between the vehicle's hybrid and pure electric versions to assess the optimal battery energy consumption per unit distance traveled. Communication within our vehicles' Electronic Control Units (ECUs) is facilitated by a message-based protocol called a Controller Area Network (CAN). Consequently, this paper presents an online CAN Bus data analysis using the Hardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) method. This method uses a standard frame, J1939 CAN protocol, implemented with Net CAN Plus 110 hardware. A graphical user interface is developed on a host Personal Computer (PC) using LabVIEW for decoding the acquired raw CAN data to physical values. The simulation results reveal that the proposed controller is promising and suitable for realizing optimal performance over the HIL method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses using of generative neural networks in education, especially in legal education, as an example, employing formal analysis in the context of the Russian legal system. Neural networks are considered as a kind of media and hence the issue of using neural networks by students is by nature a question of media education, its application, and its limits. The core question is whether it is possible to give students the opportunity to use generative neural networks when performing tasks like writing a diploma. Neural networks are considered as a kind of "new media" that must be assessed in the context of the media philosophy dichotomy between "tool" and "body". The article reviews several scenarios of law students using neural networks and the conclusion is provided that not in all cases it is inadmissible. However, in the cases that concern the core competences that relate to understanding law as a phenomenon of information and communication, it is inadmissible. Such core competences imply command of natural language and writing reasoning skills. It is critical to take into an account the provisions of the legislation that focus on the concept and purposes of education which clarify the matter on the formal side. Ultimately, the "blackout test" is suggested to discern the cases were using of neural networks in education is not possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) phenomenon is a temperature enhancement (10–50 K) in a vertical layer (∼10 km) lasting several days and spanning thousands of kilometers within the mesosphere. As MILs govern the mesospheric variability, their study is crucial for a better understanding of the middle‐atmosphere global circulation. MIL phenomenon is also important for applications in aeronautics as perturbations in the mesosphere are significant issues for the safe reentry of rockets, space shuttles, or missiles. However, the description of this phenomenon remains incomplete, since no observations of MIL's effects on winds exist, hampering an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for their formation. This study investigates simultaneous wind‐temperature observations in the altitude range of 30–90 km during MIL events. Strong winds deceleration occurred in the same altitude range as the temperature inversion, confirming the role of gravity waves in MIL's formation mechanisms. Plain Language Summary: Atmospheric waves propagate from the lower to upper layers, transferring their energy throughout the atmosphere. The mesosphere (50–90 km) is subject to these energy transfers, causing unexpected temperature increases (10–50 K) over a vertical layer (∼10 km). These deviations are called mesospheric inversion layers (MILs). Though largely observed in temperature profiles, the MIL phenomenon remains misunderstood, as MIL's impacts on the wind in the middle atmosphere remain unknown. In this study, we first reported simultaneous wind‐temperature observations between 30 and 90 km during MIL events. We observed a strong wind deceleration in the same altitude range where the temperature increases. This result argues in favor of the role of gravity waves in MIL's formation mechanisms. Key Points: First simultaneous wind and temperature observations in the altitude range 30–90 km during mesospheric inversion layer eventsAccording to these new observations, there is a strong wind deceleration occurring at the same altitude that the temperature inversionThese results argue in favor of the mesospheric inversion layer's formation mechanism involving gravity wave dissipation [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The mesospheric inversion layer (MIL) phenomenon is a temperature enhancement (10–50 K) in a vertical layer (∼10 km) lasting several days and spanning thousands of kilometers within the mesosphere. As MILs govern the mesospheric variability, their study is crucial for a better understanding of the middle‐atmosphere global circulation. MIL phenomenon is also important for applications in aeronautics as perturbations in the mesosphere are significant issues for the safe reentry of rockets, space shuttles, or missiles. However, the description of this phenomenon remains incomplete, since no observations of MIL's effects on winds exist, hampering an understanding of the mechanisms responsible for their formation. This study investigates simultaneous wind‐temperature observations in the altitude range of 30–90 km during MIL events. Strong winds deceleration occurred in the same altitude range as the temperature inversion, confirming the role of gravity waves in MIL's formation mechanisms.

Copyright of J3eA is the property of EDP Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper describes the developed curvilinear motion simulation model for a vehicle with two traction electric motors moving on a solid surface used to study the dynamic properties of a wheeled vehicle and to subject the developed methods to virtual testing. The simulation model of the electric all-wheel drive vehicle is carried out in the Simcenter Amesim environment to account for the dynamic characteristics and features of the vehicle. The simulation model was developed based on the drawn requirements while the assumptions were justified. Inertia characteristics, tire characteristics, suspension elements, grip characteristics, and surface and air resistance were considered, as these factors affect the vehicle longitudinal and transverse dynamics. The article presents the model implemented in the “Labcar” system and confirms its adequacy by comparing it with the data obtained during the full-scale prototype tests. The bench and range tests of a test vehicle with electric transmission equipped with a measuring complex confirmed the adequacy of the developed model. The results of comparative tests allow for the conclusion that the developed model complex is suitable for modeling purposes, including studying, debugging and initial calibrations of the algorithm of torque distribution on the driving axles of all-wheel drive electric vehicle.

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are an emerging group of nanomaterials for successful biomedical applications in gene therapy. The most commonly biocompatible MOFs are zinc-based ZIFs, zirconium-based UiOs, and iron-based MILs. However, despite increasing applications, a comparative study to underscore the critical factors for determining effective gene delivery by such MOFs is lacking. Herein, we evaluate the potential of UiO-66 and MIL-88B and ZIF-8 for gene therapeutics delivery; revealing the comparative importance of ZIF-8. Cytotoxicity assays proved insufficient for selecting the ideal gene delivery MOF vehicle. Synthesis conditions such as ability of the MOF scaffold to envelop the gene during in-situ synthesis, post-treatment such as washing, and gene loading efficiency proved to be the critical factors in determining the favourable MOF from the material selection perspective. Rapid in-situ synthesis under physiological conditions, successful gene loading, and low concentration requirements favour ZIF MOFs as gene delivery vehicles. Impact on cellular physiology, metabolism, and architecture revealed neutrality of the delivery system; and relative effects on pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines suggest immunomodulatory impact.

In this article, a hybrid powertrain for the Volkswagen (VW) Crafter is designed using the Model-In-The-Loop (MIL) method. An enhanced Proportional-Integral (PI) control technique based on integral cost functions is developed by carrying out a time-based simulation in MATLAB/Simulink software to realize the optimal fuel economy of the vehicle. Moreover, a comparative study is conducted between the vehicle’s hybrid and pure electric versions to assess the optimal battery energy consumption per unit distance traveled. Communication within our vehicles’ Electronic Control Units (ECUs) is facilitated by a message-based protocol called a Controller Area Network (CAN). Consequently, this paper presents an online CAN Bus data analysis using the Hardware-In-The-Loop (HIL) method. This method uses a standard frame, J1939 CAN protocol, implemented with Net CAN Plus 110 hardware. A graphical user interface is developed on a host Personal Computer (PC) using LabVIEW for decoding the acquired raw CAN data to physical values. The simulation results reveal that the proposed controller is promising and suitable for realizing optimal performance over the HIL method.

[Display omitted] • Fully enclosed CNNS/M-NS was designed with electrostatic self-assembly. • Strong interaction and electron transfer was formed between CNNS and M-NS. • CO yield of CNNS/M-NS achieved 5.62 times of pristine CNNS. • Enclosed structure improved charge separation and reduced transfer resistance. • Built-in electric field was induced directed from CNNS to M-NS. Designing structures such as heterojunctions to establish built-in electric fields, introduces inherent driving forces for charge separation and migration. The partial surface contact in the current g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-88B(Fe) heterojunction composites limits the migration capability of interfacial charges and the formation of a built-in electric field. In this study, we fabricated a built-in electric field in the fully enclosed g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-88B(Fe) (CNNS/M-NS) heterojunction using electrostatic self-assembly. The electric field facilitated the migration of photo-excited electrons from the M-NS conduction band to the CNNS valence band, while corresponding band bending prevented the electron backflow from the CNNS conduction band to the M-NS conduction band. The fully contacted CNNS/M-NS heterojunction demonstrated a CO yield of 13.09 μmol g−1 h−1, which was 5.62 times of pristine CNNS. This significant improvement was primarily due to the complete encapsulation of M-NS by CNNS, which improved charge separation efficiency and reduced the charge transfer resistance. DRIFTS tests confirmed that CNNS/M-NS effectively converted to CO through the sequential transformation of CO 2 *, COOH*, and CO* intermediates. DFT calculations revealed that M-NS had a higher work function than CNNS, leading to the charge transfer at the interface and the formation of a built-in electric field from CNNS to M-NS. This work proposes a novel design of fully enclosed g-C 3 N 4 /MIL-88B(Fe) heterojunctions using electrostatic self-assembly to improve CO 2 photoreduction efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to analyze the evaluative criteria the U.S. academic librarians employ in their instructional worksheets and checklists to understand how academic librarians teach media and information literacy (MIL)-related content. The study employs content analysis as a primary method to analyze these evaluative criteria and finds that academic librarians in the U.S. are mainly concerned with information literacy concepts while teaching news literacy topics (i.e., fake news, disinformation) and select criteria that revolve around the authority of sources (i.e., "authorship" and "quality of supporting evidence") while media literacy concepts (i.e., "representation") go vastly unrecognized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Sliding mode controller is designed for BLDC motor torque ripple control in EV. • Effectiveness of the controllers is assessed through various time domain analysis. • Effectiveness of the controllers is assessed through motor performance analysis. • Controller efficiency maps are generated in HIL simulation for designed controllers. • Sliding mode controller outperforms other controllers for EV application. Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors and their evolution in electric vehicles (EVs) garner attention for their streamlined operation and control methods, enhancing driving range while reducing energy consumption. The primary objective is integrating sliding mode control to enhance BLDC motor capabilities, efficiently regulating speed and torque. The proposed sliding mode (SM) controller mitigates torque ripple and improves dynamic performance amidst fluctuating loads. Speed stabilization and torque control involve comparing reference and predicted speeds, with error feedback integrated into the SM controller. Integrating real-time rules and numerical data with an ANN (Artificial Neural Network)-Fuzzy self-learning algorithm empowers the SM controller to anticipate and mitigate error rates in the BLDC motor, efficaciously modulating motor torque with minimal ripple. Extensive MATLAB/Simulink model-in-loop (MIL) and hardware-in-loop (HIL) simulations demonstrate SM controller superiority over conventional PID, Fuzzy, and PID-Fuzzy controllers, with a rise time of 0.01 s, steady-state error of 0.001 %, settling time of 0.02 s, and peak overshoot of 0.066 %. Moreover, the experiment results show an impressive 29.41 % reduction in torque ripple and the development of efficiency maps to attain the maximum efficiency of 96.12 %. This initiative substantiates that the proposed SM controller to enhance BLDC motor efficiency and EV driving range across real-time conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials Institute Lavoisier (MIL) metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are known for their potential to adsorb gaseous organic pollutants. This study explores the synergistic effects between the selection of central metals (e.g., titanium, iron, and aluminum) and the incorporation of –NH 2 groups in terms of adsorption efficiency against gaseous formaldehyde (FA). A group of the pristine MIL MOFs is synthesized using three different metals (i.e., titanium, iron, and aluminum) and terephthalic acid along with their NH 2 derivatives using 2-aminoterephthalic acid. Among the pristine forms, MIL-125(Ti) achieves the highest FA adsorption capacity (Q) of 26.96 mg g−1 and a partition coefficient (PC) of 0.0898 mol kg−1 Pa−1. Further, amination significantly improves the FA adsorption potential of NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) with a Q value of 91.22 mg g−1 (PC = 0.3038 mol kg−1 Pa−1). In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy reveals that the FA adsorption of plain MILs should be governed primarily by physisorption. In contrast, FA adsorption of NH 2 -MILs appears to be regulated by both physisorption and chemisorption, while the latter being affected mainly through FA-NH 2 interactions (Schiff base reactions). These findings provide valuable insights into the utility of aminated MIL sorbents, possibly toward the efficient management of indoor air quality. [Display omitted] • MIL MOFs with different central metals and organic ligands were formulated. • Effects of key variables (e.g., formaldehyde concentration and relative humidity) on MIL adsorption were studied. • NH 2 -MIL-125(Ti) was identified as the best performer for FA adsorption. • Chemisorption dominated FA adsorption on aminated MIL MOFs through a Schiff base reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ability of citizens to establish the credibility of information and information sources through critical assessment is often emphasized as essential for the upholding of a democratic society and for people's health and safety. Drawing on material-discursive conceptualizations, the article asks, how does critical assessment of information and information sources play out as it is folded into a networked information infrastructure in which different types of information are mediated and shaped by the same algorithms and flattened into the same interfaces? The empirical material comprises dyadic interviews with 61 adolescents. The interviews were analysed using an interpretative approach focusing on the construction of action and meaning. The analysis foregrounds trust and agency as two dimensions. This way normative assumptions become visible as stereotypes, sometimes positioned as ideals towards which to strive, other times as deterrent examples: the non-evaluator, the naïve evaluator, the skeptical evaluator and the confident evaluator. The created stereotypes help to comprehend different understandings of critical assessment of information and how these can bring about different actions. The article argues that critical assessment of information as an element in media and information literacy must be understood not just in relation to how it is used to assess the credibility of information, but also regarding how it is performatively enrolled in the shaping of knowledge and in the creation of ignorance and doubt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This descriptive study aims at identifying the level of media and information literacy (MIL) competencies of Language and Communication students in the Philippines using UNESCO's Access, Evaluation and Creation components. A self-report survey of a small sample of university students was conducted and findings show that respondents have an intermediate MIL competency along the three components. But most participants struggled to recognize the concept of metadata and indexing and the practice of creating arguments using evidence and drawing conclusions from information. They also struggle with the application of international standards and requirements for new knowledge creation in an ethical manner. These findings indicate the need for continuous development of language and communication students' MIL competencies as these are vital to the formation of tomorrow's teachers, as well as communication and media professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bone is a complex hierarchical material that can be characterized from the microscale to macroscale. This work demonstrates the application of an enhanced homogenization methodology to the multiscale structural analysis of a femoral bone. The use of this homogenization technique allows to remove subjectivity and reduce the computational cost associated with the iterative process of creating a heterogeneous mesh. Thus, it allows to create simpler homogenized meshes with its mechanical properties defined using information directly from the mesh source: the medical images. Therefore, this methodology is capable to accurately predict bone mechanical behavior in a fraction of the time required by classical approaches. The results show that using the homogenization technique, despite the differences between the used homogeneous and heterogeneous meshes, its mechanical behavior is similar. The proposed homogenization technique is useful for a multiscale modelling and it is computationally efficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The IDH1 mutation is the most frequent somatic mutation in gliomas, and it has an important impact on the treatment outcome of gliomas. Clinically, the gold standard methods for the IDH mutation detection are the immunohistochemistry and gene sequencing techniques, whereas using the histopathology images of the glioma tissues for IDH mutation identification has not been reported. In this study, we propose a convolutional neural network (CNN) model that is trained on histopathology images of glioma samples using multiple instance learning (MIL), which links the benefits of the end-to-end classification power of the deep neural network with the MIL by aggregating the scores of the instances to the bag-level score. The attention layer is also implemented to facilitate the performance of the MIL aggregation. The results show that our MIL-based CNN model has achieved good performance in the classification of the IDH1 mutation in the glioma images, with the area under the curve of 0.84. Besides, several image segmentation strategies, CNN architectures, and MIL pooling operators have been implemented and analyzed to investigate the effect of these settings on the model performance. To our knowledge, it is the first study to identify the IDH1 mutation by using the histopathology images of the glioma tissues, providing a novel and insightful method for glioma IDH mutation diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining soil fertility is a major threat to agricultural productivity and livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in Niger, where most farmers have few resources and depend on degraded lands. Large-scale adoption of soil fertility management technologies (SFMT) by small-scale farmers is among the proposed solutions, but this remains low because of various constraints. A better understanding of the socioeconomic factors that influence farming practices is needed to adapt SFMT to farmers' use. A survey using semi-structured interviews with 101 household heads was conducted in 2013 in Karabedji, Niger. The influence of household socio-economic factors on soil fertility management practices (SFMP) was assessed through farmers that were involved in demonstration activities as part of a long-term research project (13 years) on the restoration of soil fertility on farmers' fields. The results showed that the farmer's household size was between 9 and 14 people and that the majority of farmers did not attain formal education. Fifty percent (50%) of the non-participating farmers and 69% of the participants of the demonstration were affiliated with farmers' organizations. The proportion of demonstration participants and non-participants having an average farm income of less than 300,000 FCFA (about US $ 600) was 70 to 75%. Logistic regression analysis showed a significant positive effect (P <0.05) of affiliation in FBO on chemical fertilizer acquisition and use of other SFMP, while participation to demonstration activities and resource endowment was negatively associated with the purchase of these chemical inputs. Animal drawn cart possession and average farm income had a positive impact on farmers' SFMP. These results call for increased support towards all initiatives aimed at strengthening local farmer organizations and raising farmers' awareness, in order to improve farmers' access to inputs and use of the SFMT. Further investigations should also be focused on the influence of conditions that can motivate farmers to acquire inputs, such as fertilizer, at the times when they have the means and saving it for future use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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