90 results on '"military service members"'
Search Results
2. The role of technology in music therapy, occupational therapy, and co-treatment of an injured United States service member.
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Vaudreuil, Rebecca, Nordstrom, Michelle, DeGraba, Thomas, and Pasquina, Paul
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DIGITAL music , *MUSIC therapy , *MILITARY personnel , *OCCUPATIONAL therapy , *HEART beat - Abstract
IntroductionMethodResultsDiscussionPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and traumatic brain injury (TBI) have negative consequences on the health, rehabilitation, and quality of life for many United States (U.S.) military personnel. Digital technologies offer opportunities for the co-treatment of music therapy and occupational therapy to enhance the rehabilitation of injured service members.After sustaining multiple TBIs and experiencing prolonged bouts of excessive traumatic stress, an active duty service member in the U.S. military presented with intractable dyspnea and anxiety. An interdisciplinary team approach addressed these comorbid symptoms through music therapy, occupational therapy, and co-treatment. Initially, active music-making was introduced for regulation and coping; however, this elevated the patient’s stress. Therefore, the treatment pivoted to incorporate active music listening, intentional music selection, and song segmenting using digital music technology in conjunction with relaxation exercises to help the patient design desired physiological and emotional environments.This intervention supported emotional state shifting from stress/anxiety to calm/regulated to stabilize their respiratory functioning and stress symptoms. Relaxation was further measured using heart rate variability (HRV) via biofeedback.Music technology played an essential role in the co-treatment space. Active music-making through traditional instrumentation and music listening to unaltered recorded songs did not comprehensively address the patient’s treatment goals. Combining a customized music listening tool, relaxation exercises, and HRV biofeedback demonstrated improvement in the service member’s physiological and psychological symptoms. Further investigation is needed to understand the impact of integrating digital music, health technologies, and a supportive co-treatment environment on rehabilitation success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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3. Determining who military service members deem credible to discuss firearm safety for suicide prevention.
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Bond, Allison E., Moceri‐Brooks, Jayna, Bandel, Shelby L., Crifasi, Cassandra, Bryan, Craig J., Capron, Daniel W., Bryan, Annabelle O., and Anestis, Michael D.
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MILITARY personnel , *SUICIDE prevention , *FIREARM safety , *POLICE , *SPORTS team ranking - Abstract
Objectives: To examine rankings of credible sources for discussing secure storage within a representative sample of firearm‐owning service members, and examine how combinations of demographic variables impact the ranking of credible sources. Methods: The probability‐based sample was collected with the help of Ipsos. Participants were US service members who owned a firearm at the time of the survey (n = 719). Results: The total sample ranked service members, Veterans, and members of law enforcement as the most credible sources and faith leaders, casual acquittances, and celebrities as the least credible sources. Black men ranked the NRA as a highly credible source whereas Black females ranked the NRA as one of the least preferred sources. Regardless of political preference, those who lived in non‐metropolitan rural environments ranked members of law enforcement as highly credible sources. Those who lived in non‐metropolitan rural and urban settings and identified as liberal ranked the National Shooting Sports Foundation as a highly credible source. Conclusions: Law enforcement officers, military members, and Veterans are ranked as highly credible sources by most subgroups of firearm‐owning service members. Leveraging these voices in firearm safety conversations is necessary, may increase adherence to secure storage recommendations, and ultimately reduce suicide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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4. Strengthening the military stoic tradition: enhancing resilience in military service members and public safety personnel through functional disconnection and reconnection
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Megan McElheran, Franklin C. Annis, Hanna A. Duffy, and Tessa Chomistek
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functional disconnection ,functional reconnection ,military service members ,public safety personnel ,first responders ,mental health ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
This paper addresses operational stress injuries (OSIs) among military service members (SM) and public safety personnel (PSP) resulting from prolonged exposure to potentially psychologically traumatic events (PPTEs). While psychotherapeutic interventions for post-traumatic stress injuries (PTSIs) are well established, there is a significant gap in evidence-based mental health training programs addressing proactive mitigation of negative outcomes from PPTEs. Building on the Functional Disconnection/Functional Reconnection (FD/FR) model, we introduce FD/FR 2, emphasizing early identification and management of psychological risks. FD/FR 2 discusses the practice of emotional suppression, or “pseudo-stoicism,” and its potential negative impact on mental health. By integrating authentic Stoic principles, FD/FR 2 offers practical exercises to enhance resilience and well-being, addressing a critical need in current training approaches for military SM and PSP.
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- 2024
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5. NSSI Among Military Service Members and Veterans
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Gromatsky, Molly, Mann, Adam J., Kimbrel, Nathan A., Dillon, Kirsten H., Lloyd-Richardson, Elizabeth E., book editor, Baetens, Imke, book editor, and Whitlock, Janis L., book editor
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- 2024
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6. Cannabis approval and perceived risk of use among minority U.S. Army Reservists.
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Kulak, Jessica A., Lopez, Joel, Lawson, Schuyler C., Arif, Mehreen, Homish, D. Lynn, and Homish, Gregory G.
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AbstractThis study examined how minoritized U.S. Army Reserve/National Guard service members perceive cannabis use amid a continuously evolving societal and legal landscape in the United States. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine relationships between cannabis perceptions and race while considering illicit drug use norms, posttraumatic stress disorder symptomatology, and current drug use. Non-Hispanic Black soldiers had lower odds of approval for medicinal cannabis use and Hispanic soldiers had higher odds of perceived risk of cannabis use, both of which persisted when considering key covariates. These findings may be partly explained by a confluence of societal and cultural factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. Chronic frontal neurobehavioural symptoms in combat-deployed military personnel with and without a history of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury.
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Parsey, Carolyn M., Kang, Hyun Jin, Eaton, Jessica C., McGrath, Margaret E., Barber, Jason, Temkin, Nancy R., and Mac Donald, Christine L.
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EXECUTIVE function , *APATHY , *SCIENTIFIC observation , *TIME , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *BEHAVIOR disorders , *COMPARATIVE studies , *BLAST injuries , *BRAIN concussion , *RESEARCH funding , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *PSYCHOLOGY of military personnel , *BRAIN injuries , *LONGITUDINAL method , *SECONDARY analysis , *DISEASE complications - Abstract
This study evaluated frontal behavioural symptoms, via the FrSBe self-report, in military personnel with and without a history of blast-related mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI). Prospective observational cohort study of combat-deployed service members leveraging 1-year and 5-year demographic and follow up clinical outcome data. The blast mild TBI group (n = 164) showed greater frontal behavioural symptoms, including clinically elevated apathy, disinhibition, and executive dysfunction, during a 5-year follow-up, compared to a group of combat-deployed controls (n = 107) without mild TBI history or history of blast exposure. We also explored changes inbehaviourall symptoms over a 4-year span, which showed clinically significant increases in disinhibition in the blast mild TBI group, whereas the control group did not show significant increases in symptoms over time. Our findings add to the growing evidence that a proportion of individuals who sustain mild TBI experience persistent behavioural symptoms. We also offer a demonstration of a novel use of the FrSBe as a tool for longitudinal symptom monitoring in a military mild TBI population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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8. Resting‐state magnetoencephalography source magnitude imaging with deep‐learning neural network for classification of symptomatic combat‐related mild traumatic brain injury
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Huang, Ming‐Xiong, Huang, Charles W, Harrington, Deborah L, Robb‐Swan, Ashley, Angeles‐Quinto, Annemarie, Nichols, Sharon, Huang, Jeffrey W, Le, Lu, Rimmele, Carl, Matthews, Scott, Drake, Angela, Song, Tao, Ji, Zhengwei, Cheng, Chung‐Kuan, Shen, Qian, Foote, Ericka, Lerman, Imanuel, Yurgil, Kate A, Hansen, Hayden B, Naviaux, Robert K, Dynes, Robert, Baker, Dewleen G, and Lee, Roland R
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Clinical and Health Psychology ,Psychology ,Neurosciences ,Biomedical Imaging ,Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Neurological ,Mental health ,Adult ,Brain Concussion ,Combat Disorders ,Connectome ,Deep Learning ,Humans ,Magnetoencephalography ,Male ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Young Adult ,delta rhythm ,gamma rhythm ,machine learning ,military service members ,neuropsychology ,resting-state MEG ,traumatic brain injury ,Veterans ,Cognitive Sciences ,Experimental Psychology ,Biological psychology ,Cognitive and computational psychology - Abstract
Combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI) is a leading cause of sustained physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disabilities in Veterans and active-duty military personnel. Accurate diagnosis of cmTBI is challenging since the symptom spectrum is broad and conventional neuroimaging techniques are insensitive to the underlying neuropathology. The present study developed a novel deep-learning neural network method, 3D-MEGNET, and applied it to resting-state magnetoencephalography (rs-MEG) source-magnitude imaging data from 59 symptomatic cmTBI individuals and 42 combat-deployed healthy controls (HCs). Analytic models of individual frequency bands and all bands together were tested. The All-frequency model, which combined delta-theta (1-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (15-30 Hz), and gamma (30-80 Hz) frequency bands, outperformed models based on individual bands. The optimized 3D-MEGNET method distinguished cmTBI individuals from HCs with excellent sensitivity (99.9 ± 0.38%) and specificity (98.9 ± 1.54%). Receiver-operator-characteristic curve analysis showed that diagnostic accuracy was 0.99. The gamma and delta-theta band models outperformed alpha and beta band models. Among cmTBI individuals, but not controls, hyper delta-theta and gamma-band activity correlated with lower performance on neuropsychological tests, whereas hypo alpha and beta-band activity also correlated with lower neuropsychological test performance. This study provides an integrated framework for condensing large source-imaging variable sets into optimal combinations of regions and frequencies with high diagnostic accuracy and cognitive relevance in cmTBI. The all-frequency model offered more discriminative power than each frequency-band model alone. This approach offers an effective path for optimal characterization of behaviorally relevant neuroimaging features in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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- 2021
9. White Matter Microstructure Is Associated with Serum Neuroactive Steroids and Psychological Functioning.
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Umminger, Lisa F., Rojczyk, Philine, Seitz-Holland, Johanna, Sollmann, Nico, Kaufmann, Elisabeth, Kinzel, Philipp, Zhang, Fan, Kochsiek, Janna, Langhein, Mina, Kim, Cara L., Wiegand, Tim L. T., Kilts, Jason D., Naylor, Jennifer C., Grant, Gerald A., Rathi, Yogesh, Coleman, Michael J., Bouix, Sylvain, Tripodis, Yorghos, Pasternak, Ofer, and George, Mark S.
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POST-traumatic stress disorder , *WHITE matter (Nerve tissue) , *HEALTH of military personnel , *MILITARY personnel , *BRAIN injuries , *DIFFUSION magnetic resonance imaging - Abstract
Military service members are at increased risk for mental health issues, and comorbidity with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) is common. Largely overlapping symptoms between conditions suggest a shared pathophysiology. The present work investigates the associations among white matter microstructure, psychological functioning, and serum neuroactive steroids that are part of the stress-response system. Diffusion-weighted brain imaging was acquired from 163 participants (with and without military affiliation) and free-water-corrected fractional anisotropy (FAT) was extracted. Associations between serum neurosteroid levels of allopregnanolone (ALLO) and pregnenolone (PREGNE), psychological functioning, and whole-brain white matter microstructure were assessed using regression models. Moderation models tested the effect of mTBI and comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and mTBI on these associations. ALLO is associated with whole-brain white matter FAT (β = 0.24, t = 3.05, p = 0.006). This association is significantly modulated by PTSD+mTBI comorbidity (β = 0.00, t = 2.50, p = 0.027), although an mTBI diagnosis alone did not significantly impact this association (p = 0.088). There was no significant association between PREGNE and FAT (p = 0.380). Importantly, lower FAT is associated with poor psychological functioning (β = -0.19, t = -2.35, p = 0.020). This study provides novel insight into a potential common pathophysiological mechanism of neurosteroid dysregulation underlying the high risk for mental health issues in military service members. Further, comorbidity of PTSD and mTBI may bring the compensatory effects of the brain's stress response to their limit. Future research is needed to investigate whether neurosteroid regulation may be a promising tool for restoring brain health and improving psychological functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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10. Assessing the Clinical Utility of a Wearable Device for Physiological Monitoring of Heart Rate Variability in Military Service Members with Traumatic Brain Injury.
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Uomoto, Jay M., Skopp, Nancy, Jenkins-Guarnieri, Michael, Reini, Josh, Thomas, Drew, Adams, Robert J., Tsui, Megan, Miller, Shaun R., Scott, Beverly R., and Pasquina, Paul F.
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HEART beat , *MILITARY personnel , *BRAIN injuries , *HEART rate monitoring , *HEART rate monitors , *INTRACRANIAL pressure - Abstract
Introduction: Autonomic dysfunction has been implicated as a consequence of traumatic brain injury (TBI). Heart rate variability (HRV) may be a viable measure of autonomic dysfunction that could enhance rehabilitative interventions for individuals with TBI. This pilot study sought to assess the feasibility and validity of using the Zeriscope™ platform system in a real-world clinical setting to measure HRV in active-duty service members with TBI who were participating in an intensive outpatient program. Methods: Twenty-five service members with a history of mild, moderate, or severe TBI were recruited from a military treatment facility. A baseline assessment was conducted in the cardiology clinic where point validity data were obtained by comparing a 5-min recording of a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) output against the Zeriscope platform data. Results: Compared with the ECG device, the Zeriscope device had a concordance coefficient (rc) of 0.16, falling below the standard deemed to represent acceptable accuracy in HR measurement (i.e., 0.80). Follow-up analyses excluding outliers did not significantly improve the concordance coefficient to an acceptable standard for the total participant sample. System Usability Survey responses showed that participants rated the Zeriscope system as easy to use and something that most people would learn to use quickly. Conclusions: This study demonstrated promise in ambulatory HRV measurement in a representative military TBI sample. Future research should include further refinement of such ambulatory devices to meet the specifications required for use in a military active-duty TBI population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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11. The Non-Concordance of Self-Reported and Performance-Based Measures of Vestibular Dysfunction in Military and Civilian Populations Following TBI.
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Wood, Nicholas I., Hentig, James, Hager, Madison, Hill-Pearson, Candace, Hershaw, Jamie N., Souvignier, Alicia R., and Bobula, Selena A.
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MILITARY personnel , *EQUILIBRIUM testing - Abstract
As a predominately young, physically active, and generally healthy population, service members (SMs) with vestibular dysfunction (VD) following a TBI may not be accurately represented by the current civilian reference ranges on assessments of VD. This study enrolled SMs who were referred for vestibular rehabilitation following a mild/moderate TBI. The participants self-reported VD using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) followed by evaluation of vestibular performance using computerized dynamic posturography sensory organizational test (CDP–SOT). Retrospective analysis of these outcomes comparing the study sample of SMs to the reported civilian samples revealed SMs self-reported lower VD with significantly higher balance confidence (ABC: 77.11 ± 14.61, p < 0.05) and lower dizziness (DHI: 37.75 ± 11.74, p < 0.05) than civilians. However, the SMs underperformed in performance-based evaluations compared to civilians with significantly lower CDP–SOT composite and ratio scores (COMP: 68.46 ± 13.46, p < 0.05; VIS: 81.36 ± 14.03, p < 0.01; VEST: 55.63 ± 22.28, p < 0.05; SOM: 90.46 ± 10.17, p < 0.05). Correlational analyses identified significant relationships between the ABC and CDP–SOT composite (r = 0.380, p < 0.01) and ratio scores (VIS: r = 0.266, p < 0.05; VEST: r = 0.352, p < 0.01). These results highlight the importance of recognizing and understanding nuances in assessing VD in SMs to ensure they have access to adequate care and rehabilitation prior to returning to duty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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12. Demographic, military, and health comorbidity variables by mild TBI and PTSD status in the LIMBIC-CENC cohort.
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O'Neil, Maya E., Agyemang, Amma, Walker, William C., Pogoda, Terri K., Klyce, Daniel W., Perrin, Paul B., Hsu, Nancy H., Nguyen, Huong, Presson, Angela P., and Cifu, David X.
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MILITARY education , *PAIN , *CROSS-sectional method , *SELF-evaluation , *HEALTH of military personnel , *HEALTH status indicators , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *MENTAL health , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *MENTAL depression , *SLEEP apnea syndromes , *DEMOGRAPHY , *BRAIN injuries , *VETERANS , *COMORBIDITY , *MILITARY personnel , *LONGITUDINAL method , *NEUROLOGIC examination , *DISEASE risk factors - Abstract
To describe associations of demographic, military, and health comorbidity variables between mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) history and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) status in a sample of Former and current military personnel. Participants recruited and tested at seven VA sites and one military training facility in the LIMBIC-CENC prospective longitudinal study (PLS), which examines the long-term mental health, neurologic, and cognitive outcomes among previously combat-deployed U.S. Service Members and Veterans (SM/Vs). A total of 1,540 SM/Vs with a history of combat exposure. Data were collected between 1/1/2015 through 3/31/2019. Cross-sectional analysis using data collected at enrollment into the longitudinal study cohort examining demographic, military, and health comorbidity variables across PTSD and mTBI subgroups. PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), mTBI diagnostic status, Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), AUDIT-C, and other self-reported demographic, military, and health comorbidity variables. Ten years following an index date of mTBI exposure or mid-point of military deployment, combat-exposed SM/Vs with both mTBI history and PTSD had the highest rates of depression symptoms, pain, and sleep apnea risk relative to SM/Vs without both of these conditions. SM/Vs with PTSD, irrespective of mTBI history, had high rates of obesity, sleep problems, and pain. The long-term symptom reporting and health comorbidities among SM/Vs with mTBI history and PTSD suggest that ongoing monitoring and intervention is critical for addressing symptoms and improving quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2022
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13. Associations Among PTSD and Postconcussive Symptoms in the Long-Term Impact of Military-Relevant Brain Injury Consortium--Chronic Effects of Neurotrauma Consortium Prospective, Longitudinal Study Cohort.
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O'Neil, Maya E., Klyce, Daniel W., Pogoda, Terri K., Cifu, David X., Eggleston, Barry E., Cameron, David C., Wilde, Elisabeth A., Walker, William C., and Carlson, Kathleen F.
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Objective: To describe rates of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) with and without concurrent posttraumatic stress disorder a sample of former and current military personnel, and to compare the factor structure of the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) based on whether participants sustained mTBI with and without a positive posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) screen. Setting: Participants recruited and tested at 7 Veterans Affairs (VA) sites and 1 military training facility as part of a national, longitudinal study of mental health, physical, and cognitive outcomes among veterans and service members. Participants: Total of 1540 former and current military personnel with a history of combat exposure. Design: Cross-sectional analysis of observational data, including confirmatory factor analysis. Main Measures: NSI and PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5). Results: Most participants (81.5%) had a history of mTBI and almost half of these screened positive for PTSD (40.5%); only 23.9% of participants without a history of mTBI screened positive for PTSD. Participants with a history of mTBI reported higher elevations of NSI and PCL-5 symptoms compared with those without a history of mTBI. Confirmatory factor analyses of the NSI demonstrated good model fit using a 4-factor structure (somatosensory, affective, cognitive, and vestibular symptoms) among groups of participants both with and without a history of mTBI. Conclusion: Symptoms of mTBI and PTSD are strongly associated with each other among veterans and service members with a history of combat exposure. The 4-factor NSI structure is supported among participants with and without a history of mTBI. These findings suggest the potential benefit of a holistic approach to evaluation and treatment of veterans and service members with concurrent and elevated postconcussive and posttraumatic stress symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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14. A randomized trial comparing the Tennant Biomodulator to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and traditional Chinese acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pain in military service members
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Kimberly S. Peacock, Erika Stoerkel, Salvatore Libretto, Weimin Zhang, Alice Inman, Michael Schlicher, John D. Cowsar, David Eddie, and Joan Walter
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Tennant biomodulator ,Acupuncture ,Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ,Chronic pain ,Military service members ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 ,Military Science - Abstract
Abstract Background The present investigation tested the efficacy of the Tennant Biomodulator, a novel pain management intervention that uses biofeedback-modulated electrical stimulation, to reduce chronic pain and its psychosocial sequelae in a sample of current and former military service members. The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting was compared to two commonly used, non-pharmacological pain treatments—traditional Chinese acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)—in a comparative efficacy, randomized, open-label trial. Methods Participants included 100 active duty and retired service men and women with chronic pain undergoing treatment at the Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas, USA, randomly assigned to receive six, weekly sessions of either Tennant Biomodulator treatment, traditional Chinese acupuncture, or TENS, in addition to usual care. Recruitment was conducted between May 2010 to September 2013. Outcome measures were collected at intake, before and after each treatment session, and at a 1-month follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses were used throughout, with mixed models used to investigate main effects of group, time, and group × time interactions with consideration given to quadratic effects. Outcomes measured included ratings of chronic pain, pain-related functional disability, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Results On average, regardless of their treatment group, participants exhibited a 16% reduction in pain measured by the Brooke Army Medical Center’s Clinic Pain Log [F(1, 335) = 55.7, P
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- 2019
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15. Structural Connectome Disruptions in Military Personnel with Mild Traumatic Brain Injury and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
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Proessl, Felix, Dretsch, Michael N., Connaboy, Chris, Lovalekar, Mita, Dunn-Lewis, Courtenay, Canino, Maria C., Sterczala, Adam J., Deshpande, Gopikrishna, Katz, Jeffrey S., Denney, Thomas S., and Flanagan, Shawn D.
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BRAIN injuries , *MILITARY personnel , *GRAPH theory , *NODAL analysis , *MAGNETIC resonance imaging , *POST-traumatic stress disorder - Abstract
Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are common in military populations and share numerous symptoms. Functional graph theory studies demonstrate altered small-world brain networks in mTBI and PTSD, but little is known about structural covariance networks or the potentially distinct topology of mTBI-PTSD comorbidity. The purpose of this study was to compare brain structural covariance networks in healthy active duty military service members (CON) to those with PTSD, mTBI, and mTBI-PTSD. Seventy-six service members (31 CON, 14 PTSD, 12 mTBI, 19 mTBI-PTSD) completed clinical questionnaires and structural magnetic resonance imaging scans. Cortical thickness–derived adjacency matrices were used to determine structural covariance network topologies. Pairwise comparisons for characteristic path length, clustering coefficient, modularity (global), closeness centrality (nodal), and local efficiency were made across a range of network densities (5–35%) using non-parametric permutation tests. All clinical groups showed greater levels of arousal, stress, anxiety, and depression compared with CON. Global network analysis revealed greater clustering and local efficiency in PTSD compared with CON, whereas nodal analysis indicated altered path lengths and closeness centrality in fronto-limbic areas with mTBI-PTSD. Global and nodal graph outcomes suggest distinct pathophysiological manifestations of mTBI, PTSD, and mTBI-PTSD in structural brain networks. Greater network segregation and nodal differences in fronto-limbic areas may be tied to emotional fluctuations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2020
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16. Benchmarking secondary outcomes to posttraumatic stress disorder symptom change in response to cognitive processing and written exposure therapy for posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Stoycos, Sarah A., Straud, Casey L., Stanley, Ian H., Marx, Brian P., Resick, Patricia A., Young-McCaughan, Stacey, Peterson, Alan L., and Sloan, Denise M.
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EXPOSURE therapy , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *COGNITIVE therapy , *PSYCHOSOCIAL functioning , *QUALITY of work life , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has high comorbidity with other psychiatric conditions, including depression, generalized anxiety, and suicidality. Evidence-based treatments (EBTs) for PTSD are effective at reducing PTSD symptoms. However, evidence on the impact of PTSD EBTs on comorbid conditions is mixed and often uses pre-post analyses, which disregards PTSD symptom response. This study replicated and extended prior work on benchmarking quality of life to PTSD symptom response to a broader range of secondary outcomes using a research-based metric of clinically meaningful PTSD symptom change. Ninety-five active duty military members seeking treatment for PTSD participated in a randomized noninferiority trial examining two cognitive behavioral therapies for PTSD: Written Exposure Therapy and Cognitive Processing Therapy. Participants completed clinician-administered and self-rating assessments at baseline and 10 weeks post-first treatment session and were classified as PTSD treatment responders or nonresponders. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed effects models with repeated measures with fixed effects of time and PTSD symptom response category. PTSD treatment responders experienced significant improvements in secondary outcomes; nonresponders demonstrated statistically significant, but not clinically meaningful, comorbid symptom change. Our findings provide evidence that successfully treating PTSD symptoms may also positively impact psychiatric comorbidity. • We examined secondary outcomes as a function of PTSD treatment response. • Anxiety and depression symptoms meaningfully improved in PTSD treatment responders. • Suicidality and psychosocial functioning improved in PTSD treatment responders. • PTSD treatment nonresponders showed statistical, but not clinically meaningful change. • Comorbid substance use was not exacerbated by trauma-focused treatment for PTSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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17. Bridging the Clinic to Community: Music Performance as Social Transformation for Military Service Members
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Rebecca Vaudreuil, Hannah Bronson, and Joke Bradt
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performance ,music ,music therapy ,social transformation ,military service members ,traumatic barin injury ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
The use of music performance in music therapy with military service members is discussed as a vehicle for social transformation and reintegration. The use of performance in music therapy is not without controversy primarily because therapy is considered a process, not a product, and confidentiality and privacy are essential components of therapy. However, others have argued that public performances can validate therapeutic changes in clients, give voice to their experiences, raise awareness of social issues within their communities, transform perceptions of injury, or illness in audience members, and may result in the clients gaining support and validation from their communities. We discuss the potential of music performances to contribute to individual development, reinforce rehabilitation, enhance function, and facilitate change at the community level to support reintegration of military service members. We illustrate this through two brief case reports of service members who received music therapy as part of their treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and other psychological health concerns at the National Intrepid Center of Excellence, a Directorate of the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States. The service members wrote, learned, and refined songs over multiple music therapy sessions and created song introductions to share with audiences the meanings and benefits gained from integrating performance in music therapy. The case reports also include excerpts of interviews conducted with these service members several months after treatment about their experiences of performing and the perceived impact of their performances on the audience and greater community.
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- 2019
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18. Preliminary long-term health outcomes associated with recreation-based health and wellness programs for injured service members
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Jasmine Townsend, Brent L. Hawkins, Jessie L. Bennett, Jamie Hoffman, Tamar Martin, Elaine Sotherden, and William Bridges
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health outcomes ,recreational therapy ,military service members ,post-traumatic stress ,mental health functioning ,depression ,anxiety ,stress ,reintegration ,veterans ,Psychology ,BF1-990 ,Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,QP351-495 - Abstract
Recreation-based health and wellness programs for military service members are currently a topic of significant interest in the recreation and health industries. This study examined the health outcomes associated with participation in Project Sanctuary, a week-long recreation-based health and wellness family retreat for injured military service members. Linear mixed modeling was used to examine changes in health outcomes over four time points, and considered multiple covariates. One-hundred twenty-seven service members participated. Statistically significant reductions in total scores for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) measures were found, as well as notable improvements in Depression, Anxiety, and Atress Scale (DASS) and mental health functioning immediately following the intervention. No changes were found in physical health functioning. Trends demonstrated that participants maintained the positive psychological health changes over the three and six month time points. Veteran's Administration (VA) disability rate was the only significant covariate associated with health outcome change across timepoints. Implications for future practice and research are discussed in the article.
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- 2018
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19. Special Issues with Mild TBI in Veterans and Active Duty Service Members
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Belanger, Heather G., Donnell, Alison J., Vanderploeg, Rodney D., Barr, William B., Series editor, Sherer, Mark, editor, and Sander, Angelle M., editor
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- 2014
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20. Bridging the Clinic to Community: Music Performance as Social Transformation for Military Service Members.
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Vaudreuil, Rebecca, Bronson, Hannah, and Bradt, Joke
- Subjects
MUSICAL performance ,MUSIC therapy ,MILITARY personnel ,REINTEGRATION of veterans ,POST-traumatic stress disorder - Abstract
The use of music performance in music therapy with military service members is discussed as a vehicle for social transformation and reintegration. The use of performance in music therapy is not without controversy primarily because therapy is considered a process, not a product, and confidentiality and privacy are essential components of therapy. However, others have argued that public performances can validate therapeutic changes in clients, give voice to their experiences, raise awareness of social issues within their communities, transform perceptions of injury, or illness in audience members, and may result in the clients gaining support and validation from their communities. We discuss the potential of music performances to contribute to individual development, reinforce rehabilitation, enhance function, and facilitate change at the community level to support reintegration of military service members. We illustrate this through two brief case reports of service members who received music therapy as part of their treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and other psychological health concerns at the National Intrepid Center of Excellence, a Directorate of the Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, United States. The service members wrote, learned, and refined songs over multiple music therapy sessions and created song introductions to share with audiences the meanings and benefits gained from integrating performance in music therapy. The case reports also include excerpts of interviews conducted with these service members several months after treatment about their experiences of performing and the perceived impact of their performances on the audience and greater community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. PTSD Symptomology and Motivated Alcohol Use Among Military Service Members: Testing a Conditional Indirect Effect Model of Social Support.
- Author
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McCabe, Cameron T., Mohr, Cynthia D., Hammer, Leslie B., and Carlson, Kathleen F.
- Subjects
- *
DIAGNOSIS of alcoholism , *ALCOHOLISM treatment , *TREATMENT of post-traumatic stress disorder , *MILITARY service , *PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation , *COMMUNICATION , *ALCOHOL drinking , *FRIENDSHIP , *MEDICAL screening , *MOTIVATION (Psychology) , *SOCIAL support , *WELL-being , *BINGE drinking , *FAMILY attitudes , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Background: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and problematic alcohol use commonly co-occur among military service members. It remains critical to understand why these patterns emerge, and under what conditions. Objectives: This study examined whether PTSD symptoms (PTSS) and alcohol involvement (quantity and frequency of use, heavy episodic drinking, and alcohol problems) are indirectly related through four distinct drinking motivations. A secondary aim was to identify factors, specifically forms of social support, which buffer these associations. Methods: Using baseline data from a randomized-controlled trial of health and well-being among civilian-employed separated service members and reservists, the present study examined these issues using a subsample of 398 current drinkers. Results: Parallel mediation models revealed PTSS-alcohol consumption associations were indirect through coping and enhancement motivations. PTSS was only related to alcohol problems through coping motivations. In addition, the indirect effect of PTSS on average level of consumption via coping motives was conditional on perceived support from friends and family, whereas the indirect effect for alcohol problems was conditional only on friend support. In contrast, the indirect effects of PTSS on alcohol consumption variables (but not problems) via enhancement motives were conditional on perceived support from friends and family. Conclusions/Importance: Future research and screening efforts should attend to individual motivations for drinking as important factors related to alcohol use and problems among service members experiencing PTSS, and emphasize the importance of communication, trust, and effective supports among military and nonmilitary friends and family. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Healthy Eating Index and Nutrition Biomarkers among Army Soldiers and Civilian Control Group Indicate an Intervention Is Necessary to Raise Omega-3 Index and Vitamin D and Improve Diet Quality
- Author
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Melissa Rittenhouse, Jonathan Scott, and Patricia Deuster
- Subjects
diet quality ,healthy eating index ,military service members ,omega-3 index ,vitamin D ,Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,TX341-641 - Abstract
Diet quality and nutrition status are important for optimal health and military performance. Few studies have simultaneously evaluated diet quality and biochemical markers of nutritional status of military service members. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) can be used to assess dietary quality and adherence to federal nutrition guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess soldiers’ diet quality and nutritional status and compare results to a civilian control group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 531 soldiers. A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate HEI scores. A blood sample was collected for analysis of select nutrition biochemical markers. Non-parametric analyses were conducted to compare the diet quality and nutritional status of soldiers and controls. Differences in non-normally distributed variables were determined by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Soldiers had an HEI score of 59.9 out of 100, marginally higher than the control group (55.4). Biochemical markers of interest were within normal reference values for soldiers, except for the omega-3 index and vitamin D. Conclusions: This study identified dietary components that need improvement and deficits in biochemical markers among soldiers. Improving diet quality and nutritional status should lead to better health, performance, and readiness of the force.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Adversity and Resilience Are Associated with Outcome after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in Military Service Members.
- Author
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Reid, Matthew W., Cooper, Douglas B., Lu, Lisa H., Iverson, Grant L., and Kennedy, Jan E.
- Subjects
- *
BRAIN injuries , *MILITARY service , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *MENTAL health , *CRANIOCEREBRAL injuries - Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the associations between resilience, adversity, post-concussion symptoms, and post-traumatic stress symptom reporting after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). We hypothesized that resilience would be associated with less symptom reporting, and adversity would be associated with greater symptom reporting. This was a cross-sectional study of retrospective data collected for an ongoing TBI repository. United States military service members who screened positive for mTBI during a primary care visit completed the Trauma History Screen (THS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) Checklist-Civilian Version (PCL-C). Data collected from February 2015 to August 2016 were used for the present study. Only participants with complete data for the above measures were included, yielding a sample size of 165 participants. Adversity (THS) and resilience (CD-RISC) scores were each correlated significantly with post-concussion (NSI) and traumatic stress (PCL-C) total and subscale scores in the hypothesized direction. Interactions between adversity and resilience were absent for all measures except the NSI sensory subscale. Four traumatic event types were significantly associated positively with most NSI and PCL-C total and subscale scores, but the age at which traumatic events were first experienced showed few and mixed significant associations. In conclusion, resilience and adversity were significantly associated with symptom endorsement after mTBI. Screening for cumulative adversity may identify individuals at greater risk of developing persistent post-concussion symptoms and/or PTSD, and interventions that increase resilience may reduce symptom severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Military Culture in Counselor Education: Assessing Educators' Perceptions of Inclusion.
- Author
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Hayden, Seth C.W., Robertson, Heather C., and Kennelly, Emily
- Subjects
MILITARY culture ,EDUCATION of counselors ,COUNSELORS ,MILITARY service ,PROFESSIONAL education - Abstract
Counselor educators are tasked with preparing counselors to effectively engage a wide range of topics and populations within counseling practice. The cultural experience of clients is often a significant focus both in content and experiential learning opportunities. Given the attention within the profession of counseling on our ability to effectively serve military service members and veterans, this begs the question as to the degree the context of the military is viewed as a unique culture within the field of counselor education. This article describes a research study of counselor educators' perceptions of the military as a unique culture. In addition, current and potential strategies designed to address the experience of military service members, veterans, and their families employed within counselor training programs was also surveyed. The study found counselor educators did view the military as a unique culture. Participants also indicated their view of the potential to utilize a wide range of strategies to enhance understanding on the part of counselors-in-training of the unique experience of military service members, veterans, and their families. Limitations of the study, implications for practice, and future research ideas are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2017
25. Who Supports the Troops? Social Support Domains and Sources in Active Duty Army Networks.
- Author
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Barr, Nicholas, Petry, Laura, Fulginiti, Anthony, Arora, Anil, Cederbaum, Julie, Castro, Carl, and Rice, Eric
- Abstract
Social support is a critical determinant of military service members’ mental and behavioral health outcomes, but few studies have investigated social support types and sources in the mixed family and military social networks in which service members are embedded. We applied multilevel logistic regression modeling to investigate links between active-duty Army Soldiers’ individual demographic and military characteristics, relational characteristics, and social support outcomes, in sample of 241 active-duty U.S. Army personnel. Results showed that participants who rated unit cohesion higher were more likely to report receiving informational, emotional, and mental health help-seeking support. Participants were more likely to receive informational, emotional, and help-seeking support from a romantic partner or deployment buddy than a relative and less likely to receive help-seeking support from males than females. Findings highlight the critical importance of both unit level and external relationships in meeting Soldiers’ social support needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Two Oaths: Supporting and Defending the Constitution with Hamilton
- Author
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Goldenziel, Jill I., author
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. The Non-Concordance of Self-Reported and Performance-Based Measures of Vestibular Dysfunction in Military and Civilian Populations Following TBI
- Author
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Nicholas I. Wood, James Hentig, Madison Hager, Candace Hill-Pearson, Jamie N. Hershaw, Alicia R. Souvignier, and Selena A. Bobula
- Subjects
vestibular dysfunction ,traumatic brain injury ,TBI ,military service members ,activities-specific balance confidence ,dizziness handicap inventory ,CDP–SOT ,General Medicine - Abstract
As a predominately young, physically active, and generally healthy population, service members (SMs) with vestibular dysfunction (VD) following a TBI may not be accurately represented by the current civilian reference ranges on assessments of VD. This study enrolled SMs who were referred for vestibular rehabilitation following a mild/moderate TBI. The participants self-reported VD using the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) scale and the Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) followed by evaluation of vestibular performance using computerized dynamic posturography sensory organizational test (CDP–SOT). Retrospective analysis of these outcomes comparing the study sample of SMs to the reported civilian samples revealed SMs self-reported lower VD with significantly higher balance confidence (ABC: 77.11 ± 14.61, p < 0.05) and lower dizziness (DHI: 37.75 ± 11.74, p < 0.05) than civilians. However, the SMs underperformed in performance-based evaluations compared to civilians with significantly lower CDP–SOT composite and ratio scores (COMP: 68.46 ± 13.46, p < 0.05; VIS: 81.36 ± 14.03, p < 0.01; VEST: 55.63 ± 22.28, p < 0.05; SOM: 90.46 ± 10.17, p < 0.05). Correlational analyses identified significant relationships between the ABC and CDP–SOT composite (r = 0.380, p < 0.01) and ratio scores (VIS: r = 0.266, p < 0.05; VEST: r = 0.352, p < 0.01). These results highlight the importance of recognizing and understanding nuances in assessing VD in SMs to ensure they have access to adequate care and rehabilitation prior to returning to duty.
- Published
- 2022
28. Healthy Eating Index and Nutrition Biomarkers among Army Soldiers and Civilian Control Group Indicate an Intervention Is Necessary to Raise Omega-3 Index and Vitamin D and Improve Diet Quality
- Author
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Patricia A. Deuster, Melissa Rittenhouse, and Jonathan M. Scott
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Index (economics) ,Healthy eating ,vitamin D ,Omega 3 index ,Nutrition Policy ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Reference Values ,Medicine ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,diet quality ,Middle Aged ,healthy eating index ,Military Personnel ,Diet quality ,Female ,Guideline Adherence ,Diet, Healthy ,lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply ,Adult ,Vitamin ,Adolescent ,Nutritional Status ,030209 endocrinology & metabolism ,lcsh:TX341-641 ,Diet Surveys ,Article ,Young Adult ,03 medical and health sciences ,Intervention (counseling) ,Environmental health ,Fatty Acids, Omega-3 ,parasitic diseases ,Vitamin D and neurology ,Humans ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,business.industry ,military service members ,Feeding Behavior ,United States ,Cross-Sectional Studies ,chemistry ,Case-Control Studies ,Reference values ,business ,Biomarkers ,Food Science ,omega-3 index - Abstract
Diet quality and nutrition status are important for optimal health and military performance. Few studies have simultaneously evaluated diet quality and biochemical markers of nutritional status of military service members. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) can be used to assess dietary quality and adherence to federal nutrition guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess soldiers&rsquo, diet quality and nutritional status and compare results to a civilian control group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 531 soldiers. A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate HEI scores. A blood sample was collected for analysis of select nutrition biochemical markers. Non-parametric analyses were conducted to compare the diet quality and nutritional status of soldiers and controls. Differences in non-normally distributed variables were determined by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Soldiers had an HEI score of 59.9 out of 100, marginally higher than the control group (55.4). Biochemical markers of interest were within normal reference values for soldiers, except for the omega-3 index and vitamin D. Conclusions: This study identified dietary components that need improvement and deficits in biochemical markers among soldiers. Improving diet quality and nutritional status should lead to better health, performance, and readiness of the force.
- Published
- 2021
29. Nature-Based Recreational Therapy for Military Service Members.
- Author
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Hawkins, Brent L., Townsend, Jasmine A., and Garst, Barry A.
- Subjects
WOUND care ,CONCEPTUAL structures ,VETERANS ,NATURE ,RECREATIONAL therapy - Abstract
Nature-based interventions have long been used as a strengths-based approach to aid in positive human development. The use of these interventions is underpinned by a strong knowledge base; however, little information exists with regard to the use of nature-based recreation therapy (RT) interventions as a strengths-based approach for working with military service members. This article provides an overview of typical treatment options for injured service members, explores the theoretical and conceptual foundations surrounding nature-based programming, reviews existing research literature on the use of nature with veterans, and offers a conceptual model for nature-based RT interventions for military service members. Recommendations and implications for practice and research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Resting-state magnetoencephalography source magnitude imaging with deep-learning neural network for classification of symptomatic combat-related mild traumatic brain injury.
- Author
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Huang, Ming-Xiong, Huang, Ming-Xiong, Huang, Charles W, Harrington, Deborah L, Robb-Swan, Ashley, Angeles-Quinto, Annemarie, Nichols, Sharon, Huang, Jeffrey W, Le, Lu, Rimmele, Carl, Matthews, Scott, Drake, Angela, Song, Tao, Ji, Zhengwei, Cheng, Chung-Kuan, Shen, Qian, Foote, Ericka, Lerman, Imanuel, Yurgil, Kate A, Hansen, Hayden B, Naviaux, Robert K, Dynes, Robert, Baker, Dewleen G, Lee, Roland R, Huang, Ming-Xiong, Huang, Ming-Xiong, Huang, Charles W, Harrington, Deborah L, Robb-Swan, Ashley, Angeles-Quinto, Annemarie, Nichols, Sharon, Huang, Jeffrey W, Le, Lu, Rimmele, Carl, Matthews, Scott, Drake, Angela, Song, Tao, Ji, Zhengwei, Cheng, Chung-Kuan, Shen, Qian, Foote, Ericka, Lerman, Imanuel, Yurgil, Kate A, Hansen, Hayden B, Naviaux, Robert K, Dynes, Robert, Baker, Dewleen G, and Lee, Roland R
- Abstract
Combat-related mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI) is a leading cause of sustained physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disabilities in Veterans and active-duty military personnel. Accurate diagnosis of cmTBI is challenging since the symptom spectrum is broad and conventional neuroimaging techniques are insensitive to the underlying neuropathology. The present study developed a novel deep-learning neural network method, 3D-MEGNET, and applied it to resting-state magnetoencephalography (rs-MEG) source-magnitude imaging data from 59 symptomatic cmTBI individuals and 42 combat-deployed healthy controls (HCs). Analytic models of individual frequency bands and all bands together were tested. The All-frequency model, which combined delta-theta (1-7 Hz), alpha (8-12 Hz), beta (15-30 Hz), and gamma (30-80 Hz) frequency bands, outperformed models based on individual bands. The optimized 3D-MEGNET method distinguished cmTBI individuals from HCs with excellent sensitivity (99.9 ± 0.38%) and specificity (98.9 ± 1.54%). Receiver-operator-characteristic curve analysis showed that diagnostic accuracy was 0.99. The gamma and delta-theta band models outperformed alpha and beta band models. Among cmTBI individuals, but not controls, hyper delta-theta and gamma-band activity correlated with lower performance on neuropsychological tests, whereas hypo alpha and beta-band activity also correlated with lower neuropsychological test performance. This study provides an integrated framework for condensing large source-imaging variable sets into optimal combinations of regions and frequencies with high diagnostic accuracy and cognitive relevance in cmTBI. The all-frequency model offered more discriminative power than each frequency-band model alone. This approach offers an effective path for optimal characterization of behaviorally relevant neuroimaging features in neurological and psychiatric disorders.
- Published
- 2021
31. Resting-state magnetoencephalography source magnitude imaging with deep-learning neural network for classification of symptomatic combat-related mild traumatic brain injury
- Author
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Deborah L. Harrington, Imanuel Lerman, Dewleen G. Baker, Carl Rimmele, Ericka Foote, Qian Shen, Chung-Kuan Cheng, Robert C. Dynes, Kate A. Yurgil, Hayden B Hansen, Angela Drake, Zhengwei Ji, Jeffrey W Huang, Annemarie Angeles-Quinto, Scott C. Matthews, Ashley Robb-Swan, Mingxiong Huang, Charles Huang, Roland R. Lee, Sharon Nichols, Tao Song, Lu Le, and Robert K. Naviaux
- Subjects
Male ,neuropsychology ,gamma rhythm ,Audiology ,Neurodegenerative ,0302 clinical medicine ,Discriminative model ,Medicine ,Research Articles ,Veterans ,Combat Disorders ,screening and diagnosis ,Radiological and Ultrasound Technology ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,traumatic brain injury ,05 social sciences ,Neuropsychology ,Magnetoencephalography ,Cognition ,Experimental Psychology ,Neuropsychological test ,Detection ,machine learning ,Mental Health ,Neurology ,Neurological ,Biomedical Imaging ,Cognitive Sciences ,Anatomy ,resting-state MEG ,Research Article ,4.2 Evaluation of markers and technologies ,Adult ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Physical Injury - Accidents and Adverse Effects ,Traumatic brain injury ,delta rhythm ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,050105 experimental psychology ,03 medical and health sciences ,Young Adult ,Deep Learning ,Neuroimaging ,Behavioral and Social Science ,Connectome ,Humans ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging ,Brain Concussion ,Resting state fMRI ,resting‐state MEG ,business.industry ,military service members ,Neurosciences ,medicine.disease ,Brain Disorders ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Combat‐related mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI) is a leading cause of sustained physical, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral disabilities in Veterans and active‐duty military personnel. Accurate diagnosis of cmTBI is challenging since the symptom spectrum is broad and conventional neuroimaging techniques are insensitive to the underlying neuropathology. The present study developed a novel deep‐learning neural network method, 3D‐MEGNET, and applied it to resting‐state magnetoencephalography (rs‐MEG) source‐magnitude imaging data from 59 symptomatic cmTBI individuals and 42 combat‐deployed healthy controls (HCs). Analytic models of individual frequency bands and all bands together were tested. The All‐frequency model, which combined delta‐theta (1–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (15–30 Hz), and gamma (30–80 Hz) frequency bands, outperformed models based on individual bands. The optimized 3D‐MEGNET method distinguished cmTBI individuals from HCs with excellent sensitivity (99.9 ± 0.38%) and specificity (98.9 ± 1.54%). Receiver‐operator‐characteristic curve analysis showed that diagnostic accuracy was 0.99. The gamma and delta‐theta band models outperformed alpha and beta band models. Among cmTBI individuals, but not controls, hyper delta‐theta and gamma‐band activity correlated with lower performance on neuropsychological tests, whereas hypo alpha and beta‐band activity also correlated with lower neuropsychological test performance. This study provides an integrated framework for condensing large source‐imaging variable sets into optimal combinations of regions and frequencies with high diagnostic accuracy and cognitive relevance in cmTBI. The all‐frequency model offered more discriminative power than each frequency‐band model alone. This approach offers an effective path for optimal characterization of behaviorally relevant neuroimaging features in neurological and psychiatric disorders., This study developed a novel resting‐state magnetoencephalography (rs‐MEG) source‐magnitude imaging method, 3D‐MEGNET, using deep learning. The optimized 3D‐MEGNET method combining rs‐MEG data from all frequency bands distinguished individuals with combat‐related mild traumatic brain injury (cmTBI) from combat‐deployed healthy controls with high sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic accuracy. This study provides an integrated framework for condensing large source‐imaging variable sets into optimal combinations of regions and frequencies with high diagnostic accuracy and cognitive relevance in cmTBI.
- Published
- 2021
32. Resilience and symptom reporting following mild traumatic brain injury in military service members.
- Author
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Merritt, Victoria C., Lange, Rael T., and French, Louis M.
- Subjects
- *
COMPLICATIONS of brain injuries , *BRAIN injury diagnosis , *ADAPTABILITY (Personality) , *ANALYSIS of variance , *BRAIN injuries , *CHI-squared test , *CONSCIOUSNESS , *STATISTICAL correlation , *INTERVIEWING , *LONGITUDINAL method , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *MILITARY hospitals , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *PSYCHOLOGICAL resilience , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *SELF-evaluation , *MILITARY personnel , *LOGISTIC regression analysis , *SOCIOECONOMIC factors , *CROSS-sectional method , *REHABILITATION for brain injury patients , *POSTCONCUSSION syndrome , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *ODDS ratio , *MANN Whitney U Test , *KRUSKAL-Wallis Test , *SYMPTOMS - Abstract
Primary objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between resilience and symptom reporting following mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). It was hypothesized that, as resilience increases, self-reported symptoms would decrease. Research design: Cross-sectional design. Methods and procedures: Participants were 142 US military service members who sustained a mTBI, divided into three resilience groups based on participants’ responses on the Response to Stressful Experiences Scale: Moderate (n = 42); High (n = 51); and Very High (n = 49). Participants completed the Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory (NSI) and PTSD Checklist–Civilian Version (PCL-C) within 12 months following injury. Main outcomes and results: There were significant main effects for the NSI total score, cognitive cluster and affective cluster, as well as for the PCL-C total score, avoidance cluster and hyperarousal cluster. Pairwise comparisons revealed that there was a negative relationship between resilience and self-reported symptoms overall. Specifically, participants with higher resilience reported fewer post-concussion and PTSD-related symptoms than participants with lower levels of resilience. Conclusions: These findings underscore the important role that resilience plays in symptom expression in military service members with mTBI and suggest that research on targeted interventions to increase resilience in the acute phase following injury is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. A randomized trial comparing the Tennant Biomodulator to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and traditional Chinese acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pain in military service members
- Author
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Peacock, Kimberly S., Stoerkel, Erika, Libretto, Salvatore, Zhang, Weimin, Inman, Alice, Schlicher, Michael, Cowsar, Jr., John D., Eddie, David, and Walter, Joan
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Military Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Is Better Pain Management the Answer?
- Author
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Cindy A. McGeary, Donald D. McGeary, Jose Moreno, and Robert J. Gatchel
- Subjects
chronic musculoskeletal pain ,low back pain ,psychiatric comorbidities ,PTSD ,depression ,military service members ,Medicine - Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain, such as low back pain, often appears in the presence of psychiatric comorbidities (e.g., depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)), especially among U.S. military service members serving in the post-9/11 combat era. Although there has been much speculation about how to best address pain/trauma psychiatric symptom comorbidities, there are little available data to guide practice. The present study sought to examine how pre-treatment depression and PTSD influence outcomes in a functional restoration pain management program using secondary analysis of data from the Department of Defense-funded Functional and Orthopedic Rehabilitation Treatment (FORT) trial. Twenty-eight FORT completers were analyzed using a general linear model exploring how well depression and PTSD symptoms predict post-treatment pain (Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain rating), disability (Oswestry Disability Index; Million Visual Analog Scale), and functional capacity (Floor-to-Waist and Waist-to-Eye Level progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation scores) in a sample of active duty military members with chronic musculoskeletal pain and comorbid depression or PTSD symptoms. Analysis revealed that pre-treatment depression and PTSD symptoms did not significantly predict rehabilitation outcomes from program completers. Implications of these findings for future research on trauma-related pain comorbidities are discussed.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Army Anesthesia Providers' Perceptions of Emergence Delirium After General Anesthesia in Service Members.
- Author
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Wilson, John Tyler
- Subjects
- *
DIAGNOSIS of delirium , *ANESTHESIA , *ANESTHESIOLOGISTS , *BEHAVIOR , *CHI-squared test , *STATISTICAL correlation , *DELIRIUM , *EXPERIENTIAL learning , *RESEARCH methodology , *NURSE anesthetists , *NURSES' attitudes , *QUESTIONNAIRES , *STATISTICAL sampling , *SCALE analysis (Psychology) , *MILITARY personnel , *WORK , *WORLD Wide Web , *EMAIL , *SEVERITY of illness index , *PHYSICIANS' attitudes , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *GENERAL anesthesia - Abstract
The primary aim of this study was to investigate emergence delirium (ED) in service members, through the perceptions of active duty US Army anesthesia providers. The following perceptions were examined: (1) the extent and seriousness of ED in service members, (2) effects of ED on the safety of service members and operating room/postanesthesia care unit personnel, and (3) behaviors relevant to ED in service members. The study also explored the relationships between the perceived seriousness of ED, reported case experiences, and behaviors and consequences relevant to ED. This research used a descriptive correlational study design with a questionnaire survey and a convenience sample technique totaling 89 active duty Army anesthesia providers. This study found that more than 78% of active duty Army anesthesia providers have witnessed ED in their particular practice. Approximately 38% of the respondents believed that ED was a moderate problem. There was a statistically significant association between perceived severity of ED and the ED case experience. The behaviors and consequences that were often or always seen included hyperactive motor behavior, pulling at the monitoring equipment, and making disruptive movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
36. A randomized trial comparing the Tennant Biomodulator to transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and traditional Chinese acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pain in military service members
- Author
-
Alice Inman, Erika Stoerkel, John D. Cowsar, Michael Schlicher, Kimberly S. Peacock, David Eddie, Joan A.G. Walter, Weimin Zhang, and Salvatore Libretto
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Visual Analog Scale ,Visual analogue scale ,Acupuncture Therapy ,Psychological intervention ,Chronic pain ,Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation ,law.invention ,Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Randomized controlled trial ,Military service members ,law ,Acupuncture ,Humans ,Pain Management ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,lcsh:R5-920 ,lcsh:Military Science ,Depression ,business.industry ,Research ,lcsh:U ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Texas ,Tennant biomodulator ,Military Personnel ,Treatment Outcome ,Linear Models ,Quality of Life ,Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation ,Physical therapy ,Female ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,business ,Psychosocial ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Background The present investigation tested the efficacy of the Tennant Biomodulator, a novel pain management intervention that uses biofeedback-modulated electrical stimulation, to reduce chronic pain and its psychosocial sequelae in a sample of current and former military service members. The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting was compared to two commonly used, non-pharmacological pain treatments—traditional Chinese acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS)—in a comparative efficacy, randomized, open-label trial. Methods Participants included 100 active duty and retired service men and women with chronic pain undergoing treatment at the Brooke Army Medical Center in Texas, USA, randomly assigned to receive six, weekly sessions of either Tennant Biomodulator treatment, traditional Chinese acupuncture, or TENS, in addition to usual care. Recruitment was conducted between May 2010 to September 2013. Outcome measures were collected at intake, before and after each treatment session, and at a 1-month follow-up. Intent-to-treat analyses were used throughout, with mixed models used to investigate main effects of group, time, and group × time interactions with consideration given to quadratic effects. Outcomes measured included ratings of chronic pain, pain-related functional disability, and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression. Results On average, regardless of their treatment group, participants exhibited a 16% reduction in pain measured by the Brooke Army Medical Center’s Clinic Pain Log [F(1, 335) = 55.7, P F(1, 84) = 28.3, P Conclusions Findings build on previous work suggesting that traditional Chinese acupuncture and TENS can reduce pain and its functional sequelae without risks associated with pharmacological pain management. The Tennant Biomodulator used on its most basic setting performs as well as these other interventions. Based on the present findings, large, randomized controlled trials on the Tennant Biomodulator are indicated. Future work should test this device using its full range of settings for pain-related psychological health. Trial registration Clincialtrials.gov (NCT01752010); registered December 14, 2012.
- Published
- 2019
37. Clinical Utility of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test-II to Detect Poor Effort in U.S. Military Personnel Following Traumatic Brain Injury.
- Author
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Lange, Rael T., Iverson, Grant L., Brickell, Tracey A., Staver, Tara, Pancholi, Sonal, Bhagwat, Aditya, and French, Louis M.
- Subjects
- *
CONTINUOUS performance test , *PSYCHOLOGY of military personnel , *BRAIN injuries , *NEUROPSYCHOLOGICAL tests , *CLINICAL neuropsychology , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the clinical utility of the Conners' Continuous Performance Test (CPT-II) as an embedded marker of poor effort in military personnel undergoing neuropsychological evaluations following traumatic brain injury. Participants were 158 U.S. military service members divided into 3 groups on the basis of brain injury severity and performance (pass/fail) on 2 symptom validity tests: Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (MTBI)-Pass (n = 87), MTBI-Fail (n = 42), and severe traumatic brain injury (STBI)-Pass (n = 29). The MTBI-Fail group performed worse on the majority of CPT-II measures compared with both the MTBI-Pass and STBI-Pass groups. When comparing the MTBI-Fail group and MTBI-Pass groups, the most accurate measure for identifying poor effort was the Commission T score. When selected measures were combined (i.e., Omissions, Commissions, and Perseverations), there was a very small increase in sensitivity (from .26 to .29). When comparing the MTBI-Fail group and STBI-Pass groups, the most accurate measure for identifying poor effort was the Omission and Commissions T score. When selected measures were combined, sensitivity again increased (from .24 to .45). Overall, these results suggest that individual CPT-II measures can be useful for identifying people who are suspected of providing poor effort from those who have provided adequate effort. However, due to low sensitivity and modest negative predictive power values, this measure cannot be used in isolation to detect poor effort, and is largely useful as a test to "rule in," not "rule out" poor effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Neuropsychological Outcome from Uncomplicated Mild, Complicated Mild, and Moderate Traumatic Brain Injury in US Military Personnel†.
- Author
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Lange, Rael T., Brickell, Tracey A., French, Louis M., Merritt, Victoria C., Bhagwat, Aditya, Pancholi, Sonal, and Iverson, Grant L.
- Subjects
- *
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY , *HEALTH outcome assessment , *BRAIN injuries , *MILITARY personnel , *COMPARATIVE studies , *ANXIETY disorders , *PERSONALITY Assessment Inventory - Abstract
This study compared the neuropsychological outcome in military personnel following mild-to-moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). Participants were 83 service members divided into three injury severity groups: uncomplicated mild TBI (MTBI; n = 24), complicated MTBI (n = 17), and moderate TBI (n = 42). Participants were evaluated within 6 months following injury (73% within 3 months) using neurocognitive testing and the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI). There were no significant differences between the three groups on the majority of neurocognitive measures. Similarly, there were no significant differences between the three groups on the majority of PAI clinical scales (all p > .05), with the exception of two scales. The uncomplicated MTBI group had significantly higher scores on the Anxiety-Related Disorders and Aggression scales compared with the complicated MTBI group, but not the moderate TBI group. Overall, these results suggest that within the first 6 months post injury, there were few detectable differences in the neuropsychological outcome following uncomplicated MTBI, complicated MTBI, or moderate TBI in this military sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Preliminary long-term health outcomes associated with recreation-based health and wellness programs for injured service members
- Author
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Elaine Sotherden, Jasmine Townsend, William C. Bridges, Jessie L. Bennett, Brent L. Hawkins, Tamar P. Martin, and Jamie Hoffman
- Subjects
Gerontology ,Neurophysiology and neuropsychology ,050103 clinical psychology ,reintegration ,Military service ,Health outcomes ,03 medical and health sciences ,stress ,0302 clinical medicine ,Recreational therapy ,medicine ,health outcomes ,Psychology ,0501 psychology and cognitive sciences ,030212 general & internal medicine ,recreational therapy ,veterans ,Recreation ,General Psychology ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,Wellness Programs ,QP351-495 ,05 social sciences ,military service members ,anxiety ,Term (time) ,BF1-990 ,depression ,Anxiety ,medicine.symptom ,post-traumatic stress ,mental health functioning - Abstract
Recreation-based health and wellness programs for military service members are currently a topic of significant interest in the recreation and health industries. This study examined the health outcomes associated with participation in Project Sanctuary, a week-long recreation-based health and wellness family retreat for injured military service members. Linear mixed modeling was used to examine changes in health outcomes over four time points, and considered multiple covariates. One-hundred twenty-seven service members participated. Statistically significant reductions in total scores for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) measures were found, as well as notable improvements in Depression, Anxiety, and Atress Scale (DASS) and mental health functioning immediately following the intervention. No changes were found in physical health functioning. Trends demonstrated that participants maintained the positive psychological health changes over the three and six month time points. Veteran's Administration (VA) disability rate was the only significant covariate associated with health outcome change across timepoints. Implications for future practice and research are discussed in the article.
- Published
- 2018
40. Healthy Eating Index and Nutrition Biomarkers among Army Soldiers and Civilian Control Group Indicate an Intervention Is Necessary to Raise Omega-3 Index and Vitamin D and Improve Diet Quality.
- Author
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Rittenhouse, Melissa, Scott, Jonathan, and Deuster, Patricia
- Abstract
Diet quality and nutrition status are important for optimal health and military performance. Few studies have simultaneously evaluated diet quality and biochemical markers of nutritional status of military service members. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) can be used to assess dietary quality and adherence to federal nutrition guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess soldiers' diet quality and nutritional status and compare results to a civilian control group. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 531 soldiers. A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate HEI scores. A blood sample was collected for analysis of select nutrition biochemical markers. Non-parametric analyses were conducted to compare the diet quality and nutritional status of soldiers and controls. Differences in non-normally distributed variables were determined by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results: Soldiers had an HEI score of 59.9 out of 100, marginally higher than the control group (55.4). Biochemical markers of interest were within normal reference values for soldiers, except for the omega-3 index and vitamin D. Conclusions: This study identified dietary components that need improvement and deficits in biochemical markers among soldiers. Improving diet quality and nutritional status should lead to better health, performance, and readiness of the force. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. From Service to Studies: Resilience and College Adjustment in Student Service Members/Veterans
- Author
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Carbaugh, Brittany A.
- Subjects
- Psychology, Counseling Psychology, Clinical Psychology, veterans, student veterans, student service members, SSM-V, college, military service members, adjustment, college adjustment, resilience, positive psychology, resiliency, higher education, resilience skill building, United States, US Veterans, USA
- Abstract
Nearly one million military service members are enrolled in institutions of higher education, 800,000 of whom are using the Post 9/11 GI Bill. These individuals bring a distinct set of interpersonal and intrapersonal characteristics with them to college campuses, yet there is a paucity of research exploring the factors related to their college adjustment. The literature that exists has focused on this population’s challenges and pathology. College adjustment is understood as the way in which individuals acclimate to the new environment and culture of academia. Resilience is considered to be a function of personal and environmental characteristics that explain why some people flourish after trauma and others do not. The “healthy warrior effect” suggests that student service members/veterans (SSM/Vs) have lower vulnerability to stress in college because of their maturity and life experiences. Therefore, in this quantitative study, I used a strengths-based, positive psychology perspective to understand the college adjustment of SSM/Vs. I explored the effects of mental health diagnoses on adjustment as mediated by resilience. A final sample of 123 participants was derived from both Amazon’s MTURK and 10 universities across the United States. Participants were 18+ years of age, identified as current or former military service members, and were current undergraduate or graduate students. Moderation analysis assessed whether the relationship between resilience and college adjustment differed depending on: 1) SSM/V combat exposure; and 2) military affiliation status (e.g. veteran versus National Guard/Reserve member). Mediation analysis examined whether resilience mediated the relationship between PTSD, depression, and anxiety diagnoses and college adjustment. Support was found for all but one hypothesis. Implications for practice and research as well as the strengths and limitations of the study will be discussed.
- Published
- 2020
42. The Receptiveness of Stress Management Techniques by Military Personnel.
- Author
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Wiederhold, Brenda K., Riva, Giuseppe, Stetz, Melba C., Bouchard, Stéphane, and Folen, Raymond A.
- Abstract
Many military service members suffer from stress. Sixty Soldiers participated in a study designed to test receptivity to stress management techniques. Preliminary analyses of surveys and a focus group suggested that participants not only liked practicing relaxation techniques but would also continue practicing these after completion of the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
43. Healthy Eating Index and Nutrition Biomarkers among Army Soldiers and Civilian Control Group Indicate an Intervention Is Necessary to Raise Omega-3 Index and Vitamin D and Improve Diet Quality.
- Author
-
Rittenhouse M, Scott J, and Deuster P
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Biomarkers analysis, Case-Control Studies, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet Surveys statistics & numerical data, Diet, Healthy standards, Fatty Acids, Omega-3 administration & dosage, Female, Guideline Adherence statistics & numerical data, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutrition Policy, Reference Values, United States, Vitamin D administration & dosage, Young Adult, Diet, Healthy statistics & numerical data, Feeding Behavior, Military Personnel statistics & numerical data, Nutritional Status physiology
- Abstract
Diet quality and nutrition status are important for optimal health and military performance. Few studies have simultaneously evaluated diet quality and biochemical markers of nutritional status of military service members. The Healthy Eating Index (HEI) can be used to assess dietary quality and adherence to federal nutrition guidelines. The aim of this study was to assess soldiers' diet quality and nutritional status and compare results to a civilian control group., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 531 soldiers. A food frequency questionnaire was used to calculate HEI scores. A blood sample was collected for analysis of select nutrition biochemical markers. Non-parametric analyses were conducted to compare the diet quality and nutritional status of soldiers and controls. Differences in non-normally distributed variables were determined by using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test., Results: Soldiers had an HEI score of 59.9 out of 100, marginally higher than the control group (55.4). Biochemical markers of interest were within normal reference values for soldiers, except for the omega-3 index and vitamin D., Conclusions: This study identified dietary components that need improvement and deficits in biochemical markers among soldiers. Improving diet quality and nutritional status should lead to better health, performance, and readiness of the force.
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Military Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Is Better Pain Management the Answer?
- Author
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Donald D. McGeary, Jose L. Moreno, Robert J. Gatchel, and Cindy A. McGeary
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Leadership and Management ,Visual analogue scale ,chronic musculoskeletal pain ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Military service ,lcsh:Medicine ,Health Informatics ,Article ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Health Information Management ,psychiatric comorbidities ,Medicine ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Psychiatry ,Depression (differential diagnoses) ,low back pain ,Rehabilitation ,business.industry ,Health Policy ,lcsh:R ,military service members ,PTSD ,depression ,Low back pain ,Oswestry Disability Index ,Orthopedic surgery ,Physical therapy ,Pain catastrophizing ,medicine.symptom ,business ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery - Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain, such as low back pain, often appears in the presence of psychiatric comorbidities (e.g., depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)), especially among U.S. military service members serving in the post-9/11 combat era. Although there has been much speculation about how to best address pain/trauma psychiatric symptom comorbidities, there are little available data to guide practice. The present study sought to examine how pre-treatment depression and PTSD influence outcomes in a functional restoration pain management program using secondary analysis of data from the Department of Defense-funded Functional and Orthopedic Rehabilitation Treatment (FORT) trial. Twenty-eight FORT completers were analyzed using a general linear model exploring how well depression and PTSD symptoms predict post-treatment pain (Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain rating), disability (Oswestry Disability Index; Million Visual Analog Scale), and functional capacity (Floor-to-Waist and Waist-to-Eye Level progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation scores) in a sample of active duty military members with chronic musculoskeletal pain and comorbid depression or PTSD symptoms. Analysis revealed that pre-treatment depression and PTSD symptoms did not significantly predict rehabilitation outcomes from program completers. Implications of these findings for future research on trauma-related pain comorbidities are discussed.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Cervical cancer screening in the Canadian armed forces: An estimation of screening participation rates using the CF-HERO surveillance system.
- Author
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Naicker K and Hawes R
- Subjects
- Adult, Canada, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Mass Screening, Middle Aged, Papanicolaou Test, Vaginal Smears, Early Detection of Cancer, Military Personnel, Uterine Cervical Neoplasms diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: Military women are faced with unique circumstances, including frequent relocation and occupational factors that may influence their participation in routine cervical cancer screening. No data on programmatic participation in cervical cancer screening in Canadian Armed Forces women has been synthesized to date., Objective: To estimate cervical cancer screening rates in Canadian military women using clinical and administrative data sources., Methods: Actively serving Regular Force females who were >25 years of age between January 1st 2015 and December 31st 2017 were included in the study. Scanned documents containing Papanicolaou (Pap) test results were extracted from electronic health records and further linked to demographic data sources. Screening coverage rates were calculated over the three-year study period, and results were stratified by both military command and rank., Results: The study period yielded over 23,000 person-years of data. The average screening rate over this period was 77.7 %, and was highest in the 45-60 year age group. Variations in rates were observed by rank and command, with higher screening rates observed in Officers and Royal Canadian Navy staff. Overall, screening rates showed a declining trend for all groups across the study period., Conclusions: Cervical cancer screening rates amongst CAF members are currently below recommended guidelines and appear to be declining. These trends mirror those observed more widely in the general Canadian population, and may be a consequence of recent changes to guidelines for both cervical cancer and human papillomavirus (HPV) screening., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors are employed by the Department of National Defence, and this study uses electronic health data on military DND personnel. No coercion or direction regarding the analysis of this data was experienced by the authors. No other conflicts of interest to declare., (Crown Copyright © 2020. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Military Service-Related Post-traumatic Stress Disorder: Finding a Way Home.
- Author
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Wall PH, Convoy SP, and Braybrook CJ
- Subjects
- Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, Humans, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic therapy, Evidence-Based Practice, Military Personnel statistics & numerical data, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic epidemiology, Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic physiopathology
- Abstract
Mental illness and injury, including post-traumatic stress disorder, represents a significant source of disability and morbidity among military and veteran populations. This article explores the pathophysiology, identification, and treatment of military service-connected trauma-related and stressor-related disorders. Particular attention is given to trauma informed care, evidence-based practice recommendations, and the sequencing of psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy in pursuit of optimal patient outcomes., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Preliminary long-term health outcomes associated with recreation-based health and wellness programs for injured service members.
- Author
-
Townsend, Jasmine, Hawkins, Brent L., Bennett, Jessie L., Hoffman, Jamie, Martin, Tamar, Sotherden, Elaine, and Bridges, William
- Subjects
- *
MILITARY personnel , *HEALTH promotion , *FUNCTIONAL assessment , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *FAMILY health - Abstract
Recreation-based health and wellness programs for military service members are currently a topic of significant interest in the recreation and health industries. This study examined the health outcomes associated with participation in Project Sanctuary, a week-long recreation-based health and wellness family retreat for injured military service members. Linear mixed modeling was used to examine changes in health outcomes over four time points, and considered multiple covariates. One-hundred twenty-seven service members participated. Statistically significant reductions in total scores for Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Checklist (PCL) measures were found, as well as notable improvements in Depression, Anxiety, and Atress Scale (DASS) and mental health functioning immediately following the intervention. No changes were found in physical health functioning. Trends demonstrated that participants maintained the positive psychological health changes over the three and six month time points. Veteran's Administration (VA) disability rate was the only significant covariate associated with health outcome change across timepoints. Implications for future practice and research are discussed in the article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Coincident alcohol dependence and depression increases risk of suicidal ideation among Army National Guard soldiers.
- Author
-
Cohen, Gregory H., Fink, David S., Sampson, Laura, Tamburrino, Marijo, Liberzon, Israel, Calabrese, Joseph R., and Galea, Sandro
- Subjects
- *
MENTAL depression , *SUICIDAL ideation , *MILITARY personnel , *MILITARY service , *LONGITUDINAL method , *ALCOHOL drinking , *PSYCHOLOGY of alcoholism , *POST-traumatic stress disorder , *SUICIDE & psychology , *ALCOHOLISM , *RESEARCH funding , *PSYCHOLOGY of military personnel , *SUICIDE - Abstract
Purpose: Suicide rates among military service members have risen dramatically, while drivers remain poorly understood. We examined the relationship between coincident alcohol dependence and depression in shaping risk of suicidal ideation among National Guard forces.Methods: We performed a longitudinal analysis using a randomly selected, population-based sample of Ohio Army National Guard soldiers. Telephone-based surveys of 1582 soldiers who participated in both wave 1 (2008-2009) and wave 2 (2009-2010) were analyzed.Results: Odds ratios (ORs) for suicidal ideation among those with versus without alcohol dependence were similar among nondepressed (OR = 3.85 [95% confidence intervals (CIs) = 1.18-12.52]) and depressed individuals (OR = 3.13 [95% CI = 0.88-11.14]); multiplicative interaction was not observed. In contrast, the risk differences (RDs) among those with versus without alcohol dependence diverged for those without depression (RD = 0.04 [95% CI = 0.02-0.07]) compared with those with depression (RD = 0.11 [95% CI = 0.06-0.18]); strong evidence of additive interaction was observed.Conclusions: We found that alcohol dependence and depression interact statistically in shaping risk for incident suicidal ideation among Army National Guard service members. A high-risk prevention approach including population-based screening for suicidality among patients with alcohol dependence, depression, and particularly those with both conditions is warranted in military populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Military Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain and Psychiatric Comorbidity: Is Better Pain Management the Answer?
- Author
-
McGeary CA, McGeary DD, Moreno J, and Gatchel RJ
- Abstract
Chronic musculoskeletal pain, such as low back pain, often appears in the presence of psychiatric comorbidities (e.g., depression, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)), especially among U.S. military service members serving in the post-9/11 combat era. Although there has been much speculation about how to best address pain/trauma psychiatric symptom comorbidities, there are little available data to guide practice. The present study sought to examine how pre-treatment depression and PTSD influence outcomes in a functional restoration pain management program using secondary analysis of data from the Department of Defense-funded Functional and Orthopedic Rehabilitation Treatment (FORT) trial. Twenty-eight FORT completers were analyzed using a general linear model exploring how well depression and PTSD symptoms predict post-treatment pain (Visual Analog Scale (VAS) pain rating), disability (Oswestry Disability Index; Million Visual Analog Scale), and functional capacity (Floor-to-Waist and Waist-to-Eye Level progressive isoinertial lifting evaluation scores) in a sample of active duty military members with chronic musculoskeletal pain and comorbid depression or PTSD symptoms. Analysis revealed that pre-treatment depression and PTSD symptoms did not significantly predict rehabilitation outcomes from program completers. Implications of these findings for future research on trauma-related pain comorbidities are discussed., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and are not the official policy of the Department of Defense or the United States Air Force.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Beyond Health: The Meaning of Recreation Participation for Injured Service Members
- Author
-
Munroe, Catherine
- Subjects
- Adaptive Sports, Injured Veterans, Military Service Members, Recreation and leisure, Medicine and Health Sciences, Military and Veterans Studies, Recreation, Parks and Tourism Administration
- Abstract
The Global War on Terrorism and the ongoing contingency operations have resulted in a large number of service members returning home with life changing traumatic injuries. As a result, there has been a surge of programs designed to facilitate transition into life with a disability and promote recovery from injury, including programs providing recreation and sports. The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine the effects of recreation and sport participation on injured service members' recovery and enhancement of health. Health is investigated using the World Health Organization's definition which includes physical, mental, and social well-being. Interviews were conducted at the 2008 Paralympics Military Sports camp and the 2010 Dixie Games and were analyzed using a phenomenological methodology. Analyzing injured service members' lived experiences within recreation services revealed the meaning and value of such programs as related to health. Results indicated that recreation and sports affected multiple aspects of service members' health recovery and enhancement. More specifically, results indicated that the restorative effects of recreation and sports went beyond health recovery and extended into optimal well-being by contributing to resilience and personal growth. Three main themes emerged related to health recovery and enhancement through recreation and sports participation: (a) recreation as a tool for social integration (b) recreation as a tool for recovery and enhancement of physical and mental health and (c) recreation as a tool for moving beyond health. Discussion expands upon the effects that take place during service members' experiences within recreation and sports participation and provides suggestions for recreational therapy practice.
- Published
- 2014
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