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Purpose: The most typical reason for thyroid pain is subacute thyroiditis (SAT). Incidence of SAT is higher in women than in men and the average annual frequency of SAT is 12.1 cases per 100,000 people. Endogenous, brief, single-stranded non-coding RNAs, called micro RNAs (miRNAs), are inhibitors of gene expression. In the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression, miRNAs are essential. In this investigation, we explored the potential utility of two circulating miRNAs, MIR451A and MIR375, as markers for the detection and monitoring of SAT. Materials and Methods: Fifty SAT patients and 41 healthy people were enrolled in this study. Using the quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRTPCR) approach, miRNA expression levels were assessed. The 2-ΔΔCt technique was used to calculate miRNA expression levels. The t-test was used to assess the statistical significance of miRNA expression. Results: While MIR451A expression levels were discovered to vary between healthy controls and SAT patients, MIR375-3p expression levels were discovered to be similar in both groups. MIR375-3p and MIR451A expression levels were shown to be similarly in different SAT stages (hyperthyroid, euthyroid, and hypothyroid). The expression levels of MIR375-3p and MIR451A were analyzed for association with the clinical characteristics of SAT patients, but no correlation was observed. Conclusion: In this study, it was found that the expression level of circulating MIR451A was lower in SAT patients, which shows that MIR451A might be effective in the SAT disease's onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) are found in most, if not all, biological fluids and are becoming well-established non-invasive biomarkers of many human pathologies. However, their features in non-pathological contexts and whether their expression profiles reflect normal life history events have received little attention, especially in non-mammalian species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of c-miRNAs to serve as biomarkers of reproductive and metabolic states in fish. Results The blood plasma was sampled throughout the reproductive cycle of female rainbow trout subjected to two different feeding regimes that triggered contrasting metabolic states. In addition, ovarian fluid was sampled at ovulation, and all samples were subjected to small RNA-seq analysis, leading to the establishment of a comprehensive miRNA repertoire (i.e., miRNAome) and enabling subsequent comparative analyses to a panel of RNA-seq libraries from a wide variety of tissues and organs. We showed that biological fluid miRNAomes are complex and encompass a high proportion of the overall rainbow trout miRNAome. While sharing a high proportion of common miRNAs, the blood plasma and ovarian fluid miRNAomes exhibited strong fluid-specific signatures. We further revealed that the blood plasma miRNAome significantly changed depending on metabolic and reproductive states. We subsequently identified three evolutionarily conserved muscle-specific miRNAs or myomiRs (miR-1-1/2-3p, miR-133a-1/2-3p, and miR-206-3p) that accumulated in the blood plasma in response to high feeding rates, making these myomiRs strong candidate biomarkers of active myogenesis. We also identified miR-202-5p as a candidate biomarker for reproductive success that could be used to predict ovulation and/or egg quality. Conclusions Together, these promising results reveal the high potential of c-miRNAs, including evolutionarily conserved myomiRs, as physiologically relevant biomarker candidates and pave the way for the use of c-miRNAs for non-invasive phenotyping in various fish species.

Background: Circulating miRNAs (c-miRNAs) are found in most, if not all, biological fluids and are becoming well-established non-invasive biomarkers of many human pathologies. However, their features in non-pathological contexts and whether their expression profiles reflect normal life history events have received little attention, especially in non-mammalian species. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of c-miRNAs to serve as biomarkers of reproductive and metabolic states in fish. Results: The blood plasma was sampled throughout the reproductive cycle of female rainbow trout subjected to two different feeding regimes that triggered contrasting metabolic states. In addition, ovarian fluid was sampled at ovulation, and all samples were subjected to small RNA-seq analysis, leading to the establishment of a comprehensive miRNA repertoire (i.e., miRNAome) and enabling subsequent comparative analyses to a panel of RNA-seq libraries from a wide variety of tissues and organs. We showed that biological fluid miRNAomes are complex and encompass a high proportion of the overall rainbow trout miRNAome. While sharing a high proportion of common miRNAs, the blood plasma and ovarian fluid miRNAomes exhibited strong fluid-specific signatures. We further revealed that the blood plasma miRNAome significantly changed depending on metabolic and reproductive states. We subsequently identified three evolutionarily conserved muscle-specific miRNAs or myomiRs (miR-1-1/2-3p, miR-133a-1/2-3p, and miR-206-3p) that accumulated in the blood plasma in response to high feeding rates, making these myomiRs strong candidate biomarkers of active myogenesis. We also identified miR-202-5p as a candidate biomarker for reproductive success that could be used to predict ovulation and/or egg quality. Conclusions: Together, these promising results reveal the high potential of c-miRNAs, including evolutionarily conserved myomiRs, as physiologically relevant biomarker candidates and pave the way for the use of c-miRNAs for non-invasive phenotyping in various fish species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Active germ cell malignancies express high levels of specific circulating micro-RNAs (miRNAs), including miR-371a-3p (miR371), which is undetectable in teratoma. Teratoma markers are urgently needed for theselection of patients and treatments because of the risk of malignant transformation and growing teratoma syndrome. To assess the accuracy of plasma miR375 alone or in combination with miR371 in detecting teratoma, 100 germ cell tumor patients, divided into two cohorts, were enrolled in a prospective multi-institutional study. In the discovery cohort, patients with pure teratoma and with no/low risk of harboring teratoma were compared; the validation cohort included patients with confirmed teratoma, active germ cell malignancy, or complete response after chemotherapy. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve values for miR375, miR371, and miR371-miR375 were, respectively, 0.93 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.87–0.99), 0.59 (95% CI: 0.44–0.73), and 0.95 (95% CI: 0.90–0.99) in the discovery cohort and 0.55 (95% CI: 0.36–0.74), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.58–0.91), and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.62–0.93) in the validation cohort. Our study demonstrated that the plasma miR371-miR375 integrated evaluation is highly accurate to detect teratoma. The evaluation of two micro-RNAs (miR375-miR371) in the blood of patients with germ cell tumors is promising to predict teratoma. This test could be particularly relevant to the identification of teratoma in patients with postchemotherapy residual disease. Our study demonstrated that the integrated analysis of plasma miR371 and miR375 is promising to distinguish teratoma from active germ cell malignancy or necrosis in patients with metastatic nonseminoma germ cell tumors presenting with postchemotherapy residual disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNA 375 (MIR375) is significantly down regulated in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues; we have previously identified MIR375 as a colon cancer associated microRNA (miRNA). We identified putative MIR375 target genes by comparing the mRNA microarray analysis data of MIR375-overexpressing cells with the candidate MIR375 target genes predicted by public bioinformatic tools. We investigated that the connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) is a direct target gene of MIR375. Expression of CTGF, a ligand of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), was markedly enhanced in human CRC tissues in comparison with the corresponding normal colon tissues. We demonstrated that the expression levels of molecules in EGFR signaling pathways were regulated by MIR375 in colorectal cells. Using immunohistochemistry and the xenograft of MIR375-overexpressing colorectal cells in mice, we showed that MIR375 regulates cell growth and proliferation, angiogenesis, cell migration, cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and necrosis in colon cells. Furthermore, results of MIR375 overexpression and cetuximab treatment indicated that the apoptosis and necrosis in colon cells were synergistically enhanced. Our results suggest that the down-regulation of MIR375 modulates EGFR signaling pathways in human colorectal cells and tissues by increasing CTGF expression; therefore, MIR375 may have a therapeutic value in relation to human CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives: Gastric cancers are usually characterized using Lauren's classification into intestinal and diffuse types. We previously documented the down-modulation of miR31, miR148a, miR204, and miR375 in gastric cancers. We aimed this manuscript to investigate these miRs with the end-points of diagnosis, Lauren's classification and prognosis., Methods: A total of 117 resected non-cardial adenocarcinomas were evaluated for miRs' expressions. The performance of miRs' expressions for cancer diagnosis was tested using ROC curves. Logistic regression was conducted with the end-point of Lauren's classification. Kaplan-Meier and Cox analyses were performed for OS, DFS, and DSS. miRs' targets were reviewed using PRISMA method and BCL-2 was further investigated in cell lines., Results: ROC curves documented that miRs' down-modulation was significant in differentiating cancer versus normal tissues. Diffuse type cancers were associated with female sex, young age, and miR375 higher expression. We confirmed BCL-2 as a miR204 target. However, survival analyses confirmed the pathologic criteria (advanced stages, LNR, and low LNH) as the significant variables correlated to worse prognosis., Conclusions: The down-modulation of miR31, miR148a, miR204, and miR375 is significantly associated with non-cardial gastric cancers and miR375 is specifically linked to Lauren's classification. Nevertheless, standard pathological features display as the independent variables associated with worse prognosis., (© 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.)

Understanding of the mechanism of cutaneous scar formation with the goal of developing potential therapies to promote scar-less wound healing appears to be extremely critical. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have a demonstrate role in promoting scar-less wound healing. However, recent studies have shown that the function of MSCs may be attenuated due to insufficient activation in vivo. Here, we aimed to increase the activity and functions of MSCs to improve their effects during scar formation. We found that overexpression of microRNA-375 (miR-375) in MSCs significantly decreased the levels of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 1 (TIMP-1) protein, but not mRNA. Mechanistically, miR-375 inhibited TIMP-1 protein translation through binding to the 3'-UTR of the TIMP-1 mRNA in MSCs. Transplantation of miR-375-expressing MSCs significantly reduced the fibrosis in the scar region of the mice, possibly through reduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), suppression of transition of myofibroblasts from fibroblasts, and increases in hepatic growth factor (HGF). Together, these data suggest that overexpression of miR-375 in MSCs may substantially improve the effects of MSCs on reduction of scar during wound healing. Our study sheds new light on a scar-less wound healing.